CN1053134C - 耐磨堆焊管状焊丝 - Google Patents

耐磨堆焊管状焊丝 Download PDF

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CN1053134C
CN1053134C CN96102760A CN96102760A CN1053134C CN 1053134 C CN1053134 C CN 1053134C CN 96102760 A CN96102760 A CN 96102760A CN 96102760 A CN96102760 A CN 96102760A CN 1053134 C CN1053134 C CN 1053134C
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wear
solder wire
tungsten
cobalt
welding
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CN1137433A (zh
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高峰
赵艳玲
田大标
徐龙江
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BEIJING WELL CONSTRUCTION INST
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Abstract

本发明的耐磨堆焊管状焊丝属于耐磨堆焊材料领域;本发明的管状焊丝主要解决一般的含有碳化钨管状焊丝堆焊后在冲击工况下耐用度不够的问题;该管状焊丝内含有(重量%)粒状钨钴碳合金50-65%,铁30-45%,碳0.15-0.2%,铬2.8-3.2%,镍1.2-1.6%,锰0.6-0.8%,硅0.1-0.25%,硼0.15-0.2%,在粒状钨钴碳合金中按重量百分比计含有钨84.8-93.3%,钴3-11%,碳3.7-4.2%;该焊丝广泛适用于矿山、冶金、电力、建材、桥梁工程和地下基建施工中零件磨损后的堆焊修复。

Description

耐磨堆焊管状焊丝
本发明涉及一种耐磨堆焊管状焊丝,特别是含有粒状钨钴碳合金的耐磨堆焊管状焊丝。
在煤矿、冶金、电力和基建施工中,大量使用着机械,存在着机械零件磨损问题,对于价格昂贵的零件,通常利用堆焊修复方法将磨损部位修复。例如,用钻机钻基础孔时,当地质构造复杂、工作条件及其恶劣时,就对钻机刀具修复堆焊层的强度、韧性和耐磨性提出了很高的要求。现行的技术是采用含有耐磨合金碳化钨粉末的堆焊管状焊丝进行磨损件的堆焊修复;这种堆焊材料得到广泛的应用,例如美国专利US3291653介绍了利用AISI4320钢管(化学成分Ni1.65~2%,Cr0.4~0.6%,Mo0.2~0.3%)内装碳化钨粉末的堆焊焊丝,采用该含碳化钨的管状焊丝,以氧-乙炔堆焊方法堆焊修复,堆焊金属硬度可达HRc63.2;上述以碳化钨粉末为主要耐磨相的焊丝,用于堆焊修复耐磨零件时,虽能提高堆焊层的硬度,但对于在极恶劣工况下工作的零件,其修复层仍不能满足使用要求,即其硬度虽然较高,但由于一般的碳化钨较脆,致使在长时间强烈冲击条件下工作时,堆焊层易裂缝剥落,因此其耐用度差。
本发明目的是提供一种用于堆焊金属层的具有更高韧性和耐用度的耐磨堆焊管状焊丝。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,这种管状焊丝是由低碳钢(例如08钢)管为外壳,在外壳中装有粒状钨钴碳合金及其它金属粉,在整个管状焊丝内含有(重量%):
粒状钨钴碳合金    50~65%       硅        0.1~0.25%
铁                30~45%       硼        0.15~0.2%
碳                0.15~0.2%
铬                2.8~3.2%
镍                1.2~1.6%
锰                0.6~0.8%
上述粒状钨钴碳合金中含有(重量百分比):
钨       84.8~93.3%
钴       3~11%
碳       3.7~4.2%
其制作方法是先将一般的碳化钨磨碎成粉末,再加入钴粉,用粉末冶金方法烧结而成。为了获得耐磨堆焊焊丝的最佳性能,该粒状钨钴碳合金按以下配比(按重量百分比):
粒度为10~13目/英寸的占  50~65%
粒度为20~40目/英寸的占  20~30%
粒度为40~60目/英寸的占  10~20%
在上述配方中,粒状钨钴碳合金是主要的耐磨相,总含量占50~65%,以保证管状焊丝中耐磨相数量;其余成分为支撑和粘结该粒状钨钴碳合金的基体金属,基体金属本身也参与耐磨过程。在粒度配比中,如上述的大粒度配比占有量较高,使在堆焊时钨钴碳合金颗粒不易被烧损掉。
本发明采用粒状钨钴碳合金代替过去管状焊丝中的碳化钨粉末做为耐磨相,由表1可以看出,烧结钨钴碳合金与一般碳化钨相比,抗压强度和冲击韧性都有明显提高;本发明除使用粒状钨钴碳合金外,还通过控制成分的办法来提高基体金属硬度和细化基体金属的金相组织改善其韧性。在本发明配方中,铬、镍、硼既强化基体的耐磨性又韧化基体,镍含量的增加可形成更多的马氏体,但镍、硅都有利于石墨化的形成,故加入较多的铬以控制石墨的析出,铬是较强的碳化物形成元素,可形成多种晶型不同的碳化物,当铬碳含量在一定范围内时,铬含量可使合金保持较高的铬碳比,使碳化物形态变化,一部分M3C形式的碳化物被M7C3形式的碳化物所代替,形成较多的M7C3碳化物,使材料的韧性有较大提高,另外,M7C3碳化物的硬度远大于M3C碳化物的硬度,因而耐磨性明显提高;加入一定量的硅能使堆焊层的机械性能明显改善,因为硅固溶于奥氏体,使铬在初生奥氏体中溶解量降低,共晶反应时熔液中将有更多的铬参与,提高了铬碳比导致较多的M7C3形式的碳化物的形成。锰具有固熔强化及改善金属基体韧性两方面作用,又是良好的脱氧剂,可保护其它合金元素不受氧化烧损,并可增加堆焊熔池的流动性;当硼与钨同时加入时,耐磨性大为提高,只有钨或硼一种成分加入时,堆焊层的耐磨性均不理想,在含钨的堆焊层中,随含硼量的增加,耐磨性明显增加,但应控制在一定范围之内。
综上所述,本发明耐磨堆焊管状焊丝由于采用粒状钨钴碳合金做为耐磨相,在粒度配比和在基体材料上也做了适当调配,使该焊丝在用氧-乙炔氩弧焊堆焊或埋弧堆焊的工艺来堆焊时,所获得的堆焊层与以往使用一般碳化钨粉末的管状耐磨焊丝相比,在强烈冲击下工作时,堆焊层的韧性和耐磨性都有明显提高,从而大大地提高了被修复工件的耐用度。
下面介绍实施例。
表2所列的各实施例是我研究所按本发明研制的名为RDW-CrNiB耐磨堆焊管状焊丝的五种配方,实施例1至3中。粒状钨钴碳合金中含有(重量%)钨87%,钴9.3%,碳3.7%,粒状钨钴碳合金的制做方法是将一般的碳化钨破碎成0.6到3.6微米的粉末,以钴为粘结剂,用粉末冶金方法将其烧结而成,其粒度配比(重量%)为10~13目/英寸的占60%,20~40目/英寸的占25%,40~80目/英寸的占15%;实施例4到5中,粒状钨钴碳合金中含有(重量%)钨89%,钴7%,碳4%,制做方法同实施例1,粒度配比(重量%)为10~13目/英寸的占65%,20~40目/英寸的占20%,40~60目/英寸的占15%。采用表2所列配方制成的各种管状耐磨焊丝与现有技术装有一般碳化钨粉末的管状焊丝相比,堆焊层性能显著改善,例如:在武汉长江公路桥桥墩施工中采用Φ2.5米钻孔桩,在岩层中钻孔深度为27米,由于地质情况极为恶劣,钻头在破岩工作中受力不均,处于强烈冲击之下,钻头上的滚刀磨损很快,耐用度下降,严重影响施工进度。采用现有技术碳化钨管状焊丝来堆焊修复滚刀后,该滚刀耐用度一般能钻深度为10~15米,而利用本发明粒状钨钴碳合金管状焊丝即RDW-CrNiB耐磨堆焊管状焊丝来堆焊修复该滚刀时,每次修复后滚刀的耐用度平均为连续钻进30米深度,大大地加快了施工进度。
表1不同类型耐磨相的性能
  耐磨相类型   抗压强度Kg/mm2    冲击韧性KgM/cm2
  烧结钨钴碳合金   460    0.26
  一般碳化钨   156~162    0.1
表2 CrNiB耐磨堆焊管状焊丝的配方(重量%)
  实施例  粒状钨钴碳合金   铁   碳   铬   镍     锰   硅   硼
  1  65   30   0.15   2.8   1.2     0.6   0.1   0.15
  2  60   33.8   0.2   3.2   1.6     0.8   0.25   0.15
  3  62   32.3   0.2   3   1.4     0.7   0.2   0.2
  4  55   39.4   0.15   3.1   1.5     0.6   0.1   0.15
  5  50   45   0.15   2.8   1.2     0.6   0.1   0.15

Claims (2)

1.耐磨堆焊管状焊丝,其特征是:在该管状焊丝内按重量百分比计含有:
粒状钨钴碳合金50-65%锰0.6-0.8%
铁          30-45% 硅0.1-0.25%
碳          0.15-0.2%硼0.15-0.2%
铬          2.8-3.2%
镍          1.2-1.6%
所述的粒状钨钴碳合金中按重量百分比计含有:
钨      84.8-93.3%
钴      3-11%
碳      3.7-4.2%
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊管状焊丝,其特征是:所述粒状钨钴碳合金按重量百分比计含有的粒度配比为:
粒度10-30目/英寸  50-65%
粒度20-40目/英寸  20-30%
粒度40-60目/英寸  10-20%
CN96102760A 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 耐磨堆焊管状焊丝 Expired - Fee Related CN1053134C (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101380698B (zh) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-10 苏州新锐硬质合金有限公司 管状硬面堆焊材料
MX2011005342A (es) * 2008-11-21 2011-08-12 Caterpillar Inc Composicion resistente a la abrasion.
US9475154B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2016-10-25 Lincoln Global, Inc. High boron hardfacing electrode

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280223A (en) * 1939-03-10 1942-04-21 Dumpelmann Richard Coated electrode and welding rod
US3229487A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-01-18 Jensen Erling Machines for the production of tubing
US3291653A (en) * 1964-01-30 1966-12-13 Paper Calmenson & Co Hard facing treatment of steel bodies
US3329487A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-07-04 Firth Sterling Inc Sintered three-phase welding alloy of fe3w3c, wc, and fe

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280223A (en) * 1939-03-10 1942-04-21 Dumpelmann Richard Coated electrode and welding rod
US3229487A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-01-18 Jensen Erling Machines for the production of tubing
US3291653A (en) * 1964-01-30 1966-12-13 Paper Calmenson & Co Hard facing treatment of steel bodies
US3329487A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-07-04 Firth Sterling Inc Sintered three-phase welding alloy of fe3w3c, wc, and fe

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