CN105308391A - Sheathed-element glow plug and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Sheathed-element glow plug and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105308391A CN105308391A CN201480036595.4A CN201480036595A CN105308391A CN 105308391 A CN105308391 A CN 105308391A CN 201480036595 A CN201480036595 A CN 201480036595A CN 105308391 A CN105308391 A CN 105308391A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- heater plug
- heating coil
- heater
- coil body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
- F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrically heatable sheathed-element glow plug, comprising a heating element (1). The heating element comprises a closed glow tube (11), an electrically conductive heating coil (12), an electrically conductive connecting pin (14), which is electrically connected to the heating coil (12), and a filling material (15), which is provided in the glow tube (11) and accommodates the heating coil (12) and at least part of the connecting pin (14). The heating coil (12) is made of a temperature-resistant material having an electrical resistivity that is high for an electrical conductor and having a small temperature coefficient, and the filling material (15) is composed at least partially of a material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. The invention further relates to a method for producing such an electrically heatable sheathed-element glow, wherein the glow tube (11) is filled at least partially with a material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
Description
Prior art
The present invention relates to a kind of glow plug or heater plug, and a kind of room for being arranged in internal combustion engine or rather, such as air compressing, the precombustion chamber of the diesel engine of self-ignition, minor air cell or combustion chamber, in the heater plug of metal.The present invention relates to a kind of method for the manufacture of this heater plug in addition.
In modern automotive and other application, use diesel engine widely, compared with the internal combustion engine that itself and gasoline run, there is higher efficiency.But diesel engine often needs cold start auxiliary body in starting process, because the diesel oil sprayed when diesel engine cold start usually can not self-ignition without problems (spontaneous combustion).In addition have high specific heat capacity under combustion chamber is in low temperature levels, the heat of compression therefore produced in the starting process of diesel engine flows in engine body rapidly.But in the internal combustion engine of most of spontaneous combustion, to need heating support when the temperature of ~ 850 DEG C in order to burn completely in the cold idle running stage.This is especially indispensable for the low-compression of modern structure mode for internal combustion engine, and they usually have poor cold starting characteristic or cold no load characteristics (low temperature idle running characteristic).In the continuous heating temperature of this reality need ~ 850 ° in internal combustion engine.In addition different fuel mass can reduce by the combustibility of the air/diesel fuel mixtures compressed.
In order to solve described impact, in the combustion chamber of diesel engine, be usually respectively provided to few one can electrically heated heater plug, also referred to as GLP (i.e. English specialty terms " glowplug "), there is the saturation temperature of 950 to 1000 DEG C, whereby preheating diesel engine in start-up period.As illustrated in the diagram in fig. 2, the heat pipe 91 that the heating element heater 9 of the heater plug of this known metal is closed by one end is usually made, this heat pipe is by the alloy of heatproof, the alloy of the alloy such as with nickel-base material or the steel with heatproof is formed, wherein, the combustion chamber side of heat pipe 91, the side closed is welded with heating coil body (helix tube) 92, and adjustable screw body (helix tube) 93 is in series electrically connected with heating coil body.For heating coil body 92, usually use the metal material with ratio resistance high as far as possible, this ratio resistance almost keeps constant when temperature change, such as FeCrAl or NiCr.On the contrary, adjustable screw body 93 is by the metal or metal alloy with significant PTC (positive temperature coefficient) effect, and such as nickel (Ni) or iron cobalt (FeCo), make.The connecting pin 94 of adjustable screw body 93 and heating element heater 9, the central electrode of such as heater plug, electrical connection, such as can twist thereon and connect an attachment plug.Adjustable screw body 93 and heating coil body 92 are imbedded in insulating powder 95 in addition, and it is compressed after filling by the external diameter reducing heat pipe 91.This insulating powder, usual magnesia, also still has high ratio resistance in temperature is higher than 1400 DEG C of situations.Heat pipe 91 for mechanically protect heating coil body 92 and by heating coil body relative to chemical noxious medium, such as, oxygen in air and nitrogen, fuel residue and combustion residue shield.In addition the heat energy discharged by heating coil body 92 is delivered in combustion chamber by heat pipe 91.This device is responsible for making resistance at room temperature keep low value, but is then in operation and improves along with the raising of temperature.In addition this heater plug is widely used in preheating igniting engine or when starting the gas turbine and oil type heater unit that are run by kerosene and applies widely as cold start aid.
Except the controller of the part as the so-called quick-start system for diesel engine, heater plug as above is prior art.The feature of heater plug is, the working voltage of the heater plug of use, and so-called low volt heater plug, lower than operational onboard power system voltage 4 to 7 volts.This working voltage is hereinafter referred to as nominal voltage.By to run this quick-start system between the short time voltage higher than nominal voltage, so-called " promotion ", also can realize under very low external temperature the short heat time and therefore diesel engine starting fast prepare, even if when in starting process vehicle-mounted voltage adversely get back in short time on such as 7V.In addition can according to the running status of motor vehicle by being stored in Control of Voltage in indicatrix bunch according to engine load at one by means of this quick-start system, cooling water, external temperature etc. compensates the cooling or overheated of heater plug.This indicatrix bunch is determined by means of so-called temperature survey plug according to known prior art, one of them thermocouple be soldered to above-mentioned heater plug top in.The shortcoming of this temperature survey plug is its short life-span and high price.In addition this low volt heater plug can be applied due to mistake, chip regulates, have a mind to the controller that is connected with heater plug of by mistake cross-over connection or due to be connected with heater plug preheating time controller fault until be superheated to the fusing of calandria and cause engine damage thus.
In order to solve the problem, have the method that some build heater plug, wherein, resistance is used to control as temperature signal.Heater plug is implemented as so-called vice for this reason.This also known vice is made up of heating element heater 9' shown in Figure 3, and it is made up of one-sided closed heat pipe 91', and wherein, the combustion chamber side of heat pipe 91', the side closed is welded with PTC-heating coil body 92', does not arrange adjustable screw body.As the coil material of heating coil body 92', correspondingly use the metal with positive temperature coefficient of resistance herein, to realize PTC effect.With the heating coil body 92 in Fig. 2 similarly, heating coil body 92' is embedded in insulating powder 95', wherein, is directly electrically connected with the connecting pin 94' of heating element heater 9' at this heating coil body 92'.The above-mentioned damage of applying due to mistake and chip regulates, the heating coil bulk resistor of vice can be avoided under being combined with this controller to have ptc characteristics by this vice and as temperature signal for controller preheating time.But the engine damage owing to being caused by cross-over connection controller can not be avoided thus, wittingly or by mistake, such as, due to accident, or due to the fault of controller.In addition this vice has shortcoming, and namely decline fast due to resistance increasing power when heating, it can not be heated to 1000 DEG C at 1 to 2s by 12V vehicle mounted electric pressure network under common cold-state resistance 300 to 700m Ω thus.Therefore cold-state resistance must keep very low, as a result, initial current is very high.This requires the semiconductor costly in preheating time controller, and larger cable cross-section and battery capacity higher in the limiting case, as having in the heater plug of the combination of heating coil body and adjustable screw body above-mentioned.
The present invention is open
According to the present invention advise a kind of there is the feature of claim 1 can electrically heated heater plug, be preferably used in self-igniting internal combustion engine, such as diesel engine, cold start is assisted.In addition a kind of method for the manufacture of this heater plug is advised according to the present invention.Favourable improvement project of the present invention is by the characteristic present of dependent claims.
According to the first viewpoint of the present invention, heating element heater as chief component can be comprised by electrically heated heater plug according to of the present invention.And heating element heater has closed heat pipe, conductive heating coil body, the conductive connecting pin be electrically connected with heating coil body, and packing material.Heating coil body and at least partially connecting pin are arranged in heat pipe at this, and packing material is so incorporated in heat pipe, it are held or encirclement heating coil body and at least partially connecting pin completely.Heat pipe can be made up of the metal alloy of heatproof in the case, such as, by the steel alloy of nickel-base material or heatproof.In addition heating coil body is by the material of at least one heatproof, the material of best high-temperature resistant, make, for comparable electric conductor, there is high ratio resistance, but it be only a little with temperature correlation, namely there is little temperature coefficient, and packing material is made up of the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance at least in part.Also it is contemplated that by the fabrication heating coil body of the material of that there is high ratio resistance, different high-temperature resistant herein, but this also may cause the manufacturing cost of increase.The heater plug built so in principle relates to the parallel connection of heating coil body-resistance, and it only only slightly changes along with temperature, has the NTC-resistance of packing material form.Although also can be realized the Fast Heating of heater plug by the cold-state resistance that this combination of materials in inside heat pipe is higher.
According in a preferred embodiment of heater plug of the present invention, the material of heating coil body is heat-resisting metal, and it depends on the resistance value that temperature does not change it a little or completely, namely in a wide temperature range, such as until 1400 DEG C, keep the ratio resistance of an approximately constant.This material can be FeCrAl alloy, such as Kanthal (kanthal), or NiCr alloy.In addition packing material preferably can be arranged in inside heat pipe as powder at least in part or completely.This is convenient to packing material to be filled in heat pipe.Especially preferred at this, described in there is the material of negative temperature coefficient of resistance, packing material is made up of it at least in part, exists as NTC-powder.Abbreviation " NTC " refers to herein " negative temperature coefficient ", and therefore term NTC-powder represents NTC-resistance powder or have the heat conductor powder of negative temperature coefficient.
Whole packing material preferably can or be made up of this material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance completely in addition or the mixture of the alternatively scheme material and a kind of insulating materials that have negative temperature coefficient of resistance by least one is formed, wherein, insulating materials can be the agglomerated material of insulation, such as magnesia.By the type of powder and under the mixture be made up of insulating powder and NTC-powder also by mixture than and the situation of size distribution of insulating powder and NTC-powder, the resistance characteristic of heater plug can be adjusted in wide scope according to temperature.This mixture be made up of the material and insulating materials with negative temperature coefficient of resistance or mixing ratio can by so many adaptations at this, namely packing material has a kind of ratio resistance, it is low ohm between 100 DEG C and 400 DEG C, and this is such as preferred in cryogenic applications in fuel heater.
Alternatively, mixing ratio and material can by so many adaptations, and namely the ratio resistance of powder filler strongly declines between 800 and 1300 DEG C, and this is preferred in high temperature application.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance is the material with carbon element of modification, carborundum (SiC), doped silicon (Si), base silicon (silica-based) (Si), the oxide of titanium (Ti), the oxide of magnesium (Mg), the oxide of iron (Fe), the oxide of cobalt (Co), one of the oxide of nickel (Ni), the oxide of copper (Cu), and the stable or partially stabilized oxide of zirconium (Zr).The material in addition with negative temperature coefficient of resistance can by the material with carbon element of modification, carborundum (SiC), doped silicon (Si), base silicon (Si), the oxide of titanium (Ti), the oxide of magnesium (Mg), the oxide of iron (Fe), the oxide of cobalt (Co), the oxide of nickel (Ni), the oxide of copper (Cu), and the combination of multiple material in the material group that forms of the stable or partially stabilized oxide of zirconium (Zr) is formed.The material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance is necessarily selected in the case, namely it does not react with other heating element heater parts under corresponding serviceability temperature, because the resistance characteristic of heating element heater undesirably can change being in operation along with temperature thus.
According to another viewpoint of the present invention, a kind ofly the method for electrically heated heater plug the heat pipe of filling the heating element heater of heater plug at least in part with the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance can be comprised for the manufacture of above-mentioned.Manufacture each separate part, with heat pipe heat and electrical contact under the electrical connection of heating coil body, connecting pin and heating coil body and heating coil body and the layout of connecting pin in heat pipe be at least partially installed step be known and be therefore precondition.
Advantage of the present invention
Heater plug has advantage relative to prior art discussed above implemented according to the invention, is implemented by least one heater material of temperature coefficient or the combination of multiple heater material with approximately constant according to the heating coil body (helix tube) of heater plug of the present invention.Also can Fast Heating heater plug although cold-state resistance high is thus higher.Relative to the known heater plug with the combination of heating coil body and adjustable screw body, have advantage according to heater plug of the present invention, the place that the electrical power all introduced needs at it is converted into heat.In addition can provide temperature signal from certain limiting temperature according to heater plug of the present invention, it is obtained by the change detecting and evaluate the resistance of heater plug.This means, different from the suggestion of prior art, it is based on the PTC effect of heating coil body, heater plug has negative temperature coefficient implemented according to the invention, wherein, consequent resistance changes can be used to as temperature signal controller preheating time that is connected with the heating element heater of heater plug from certain minimum temperature of heater plug.By monitoring this temperature signal, it makes the additional temperature sensor of the heating element heater at heater plug become unnecessary, can prevent the heating element heater damaging heater plug, such as it fusing and therefore reliably avoid engine damage.
This effect also can utilize in fuel heater, wherein must reliably and independently prevent the fuel tank heated from melting due to the overheated of fuel heater with controller.Such as to connect in the fuel heater of like this design (fusing) fuse for this reason.
Of the present invention other advantage and preferred embodiment by following accompanying drawing illustrate in can clearly obtain.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
Shown in accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the schematic block block figure of the heater plug according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic block block figure of the heating element heater of heater plug conventionally; With
Fig. 3 is the schematic block block figure of the heating element heater of another heater plug conventionally.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic block block figure of the preferred embodiment of heater plug of the present invention.According to heater plug of the present invention by heating element heater 1, optional fuse 2 and controller preheating time for controlling to be applied to the voltage on heater plug 3 form.The wire 4 illustrated by a dotted line in FIG illustrates the connection of optional fuse 2, and wherein, fuse 2 is connected between heating element heater 1 and preheating time controller 3 in the case.Preheating time, controller 3 was directly electrically connected with the heat pipe 11 of heating element heater 1 by wire g.For the situation that fuse 2 does not access, heating element heater 1 directly 3 to be electrically connected with controller preheating time via wire 6.Fuse 2 can be used for stoping undesirable fusing of heating element heater 1 independent of controller 3 preheating time ground and therefore reliably preventing engine damage as additional measure, because also increase along with temperature raises the electric current needed.Preheating time controller 3 for, such as by the pulse width modulation by carried on vehicle voltage with a Control of Voltage heater plug higher than its working voltage, to realize the shorter heat time in low pressure heater plug, within the heat time of 3s, such as reach the heating-up temperature of 1000 DEG C, and regulate temperature relatively with GLP-resistance.
Except heat pipe 11, heating element heater 1 is made up of heating coil body 12 in addition, and it is electrically connected with heat pipe at the inner side place of the end 111 closed of heat pipe 11.In addition connecting pin 14 is connected with heating coil body 12 and is partly arranged in heat pipe 11 inside.Connecting pin 14 in addition, according to the situation of selectable access fuse 2, via fuse 2 or directly 3 to be electrically connected with controller preheating time.Be made up of FeCrAl alloy in the preferred embodiment that heating coil body 12 describes herein.The inside of heat pipe 11 is filled with packing material 15, and it surrounds heating coil body 12 and is arranged in connecting pin 14 part of heat pipe 11 inside.The NTC-powder be made up of carborundum completely in the preferred embodiment that packing material 15 describes herein is made, but also can exist with mixture of powders.By selecting the material of heating coil body 12 and packing material 15, the combination of the heating coil body material namely with high ratio resistance and the packing material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance, realize the in parallel of the NTC-resistance of heating coil bulk resistor and packing material, heating coil bulk resistor only only slightly changes along with temperature.This parallel connection in FIG schematically by for a resistance with temperature correlation, heat conductor (thermistor) or NTC conductor herein, switch symbols 151 illustrate.Using under heater plug according to the embodiment described herein, when being applied on voltage to heating element heater 1 by controller 3 preheating time, heating coil body 12 is activated and heats.By the heating resistor of consequent heating element heater 1, namely the electric conductivity of NTC-packing material 15 and therefore whole heating element heater 1, is enhanced again.This change of resistance, namely to the electric conductivity of the raising of heating coil body 12,3 can detect and be evaluated as temperature signal by controller preheating time, wherein, controller 3 regulated the temperature of heating element heater by means of this temperature signal or also can interrupt completely, to prevent from such as damaging heating element heater 1 due to fusing at the temperature that is critical for heating element heater preheating time.Safety precaution as other can additionally access fuse 2.
As the use field of the heating element heater of this structure, except heater plug it is also contemplated that other application, such as, for fuel heater, such as, ethanol heater in Flex starting system, or any type of tube heats body, wherein on-insulated heating resistor is embedded in powder packets.
Claims (10)
1. can electrically heated heater plug, it has heating element heater (1), and described heating element heater has with lower part:
The heat pipe (11) closed,
Conductive heating coil body (12),
Conductive connecting pin (14), it is electrically connected with heating coil body (12), and
Packing material (15), it to be arranged in heat pipe (11) and to hold heating coil body (12) and connecting pin (14) at least partially, wherein,
Heating coil body (12) is made up of at least one temperature-resistant material, this material for electric conductor have high, only a little with the ratio resistance of temperature correlation, and
The material that packing material (15) has negative temperature coefficient of resistance by least one is at least in part made.
2. heater plug according to claim 1, wherein, the material of heating coil body (12) is a kind of heat-resisting metal, and it seldom or does not completely rely on its resistance value of temperature change, preferably FeCrAl alloy or NiCr alloy.
3. according to heater plug in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, packing material (15) exists as powder at least in part.
4. heater plug according to claim 4, wherein, the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance exists as NTC powder.
5. according to heater plug in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, packing material (15) is made up of the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance completely.
6. heater plug according to any one of claim 1 to 4, wherein, packing material (15) has by least one the mixture that the material of negative temperature coefficient of resistance and the best magnesia of a kind of insulating materials forms and makes.
7. heater plug according to claim 6, wherein, mixture is adapted, and to have a kind of ratio resistance, it is low ohm between 100 DEG C and 400 DEG C, or
To have a kind of ratio resistance, it strongly declines between 800 and 1300 DEG C.
8. the material according to heater plug in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, with negative temperature coefficient of resistance is the multiple combination in a kind of or following material in following material:
The material with carbon element of modification;
Carborundum;
Doped silicon;
Base silicon;
Titanium dioxide;
Magnesia;
Iron oxide;
Cobalt oxide;
Nickel oxide;
Cupric oxide, and
Stable or partially stabilized zirconia.
9. according to heater plug in any one of the preceding claims wherein, wherein, heat pipe (1) is made up of the metal alloy of heatproof, is preferably made up of the steel alloy of nickel-base material or heatproof.
10. for the manufacture of, especially according in any one of the preceding claims wherein, can the method for electrically heated heater plug, wherein, heat pipe (11) is filled with the material with negative temperature coefficient of resistance at least in part.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013212275 | 2013-06-26 | ||
| DE102013212275.6 | 2013-06-26 | ||
| DE201310214558 DE102013214558A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2013-07-25 | Sheathed-type glow plug and method for its production |
| DE102013214558.6 | 2013-07-25 | ||
| PCT/EP2014/060890 WO2014206671A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-05-27 | Sheathed-element glow plug and method for the production thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105308391A true CN105308391A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105308391B CN105308391B (en) | 2017-11-24 |
Family
ID=52017418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480036595.4A Expired - Fee Related CN105308391B (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-05-27 | Heater plug and its manufacture method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3014183B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105308391B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013214558A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014206671A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114855100A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-05 | 烟台卓越新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electric heating wire pretreatment method and continuous pretreatment device |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106677951A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-17 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Preheating plug, engine and car |
| DE102018211950A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric heater |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003051371A (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2003-02-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Heater and glow plug |
| DE10157466A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrically heated glow plug and method for producing an electrically heated glow plug |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008015598A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | glow plug |
| DE102009046458A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric heatable heater plug for self-activating internal combustion engine, has annealing tube receiving heating coil that is embedded in filling powder that contains additive of rare earth composition or rare earth element |
-
2013
- 2013-07-25 DE DE201310214558 patent/DE102013214558A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-05-27 EP EP14728491.3A patent/EP3014183B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-05-27 CN CN201480036595.4A patent/CN105308391B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-27 WO PCT/EP2014/060890 patent/WO2014206671A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003051371A (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2003-02-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Heater and glow plug |
| DE10157466A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrically heated glow plug and method for producing an electrically heated glow plug |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114855100A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-05 | 烟台卓越新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electric heating wire pretreatment method and continuous pretreatment device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3014183A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| EP3014183B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
| DE102013214558A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| WO2014206671A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| CN105308391B (en) | 2017-11-24 |
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