CN105305798A - Current-limiting protection circuit and current-limiting protection method applied to buck converter - Google Patents
Current-limiting protection circuit and current-limiting protection method applied to buck converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN105305798A CN105305798A CN201510675404.5A CN201510675404A CN105305798A CN 105305798 A CN105305798 A CN 105305798A CN 201510675404 A CN201510675404 A CN 201510675404A CN 105305798 A CN105305798 A CN 105305798A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a current-limiting protection circuit and a current-limiting protection method applied to a buck converter. According to the invention, inductive current of the buck converter is sampled, current sampling signals are compared with current reference signals so as to judge whether the inductive current is too high or not, current-limiting protection is turned on when the current sampling signals are greater than the current reference signals, a master power switch tube of the buck converter is controlled to be at a non-conducting state before the arrival of the next open moment, and the master power switch tube is normally conducted at the next open moment until voltage sampling signals representing output voltage are lower than first reference voltage. Therefore, current-limiting signals with the priority being higher than the minimum conduction time can be generated, the inductive current is effectively reduced, and a role of protecting electrical components is played.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric and electronic technical field, be specifically related to a kind of current-limiting protection circuit and the current limiting protecting method that are applied to buck converter.
Background technology
The buck converter of prior art generally comprises master power switch pipe (being commonly referred to " upper pipe "), continued flow tube (being commonly referred to " lower pipe ") and inductance.In prior art, if to upper pipe current limliting be when upper pipe is opened on the electric current of pipe exceed regulation cut-off current will close close pipe open under pipe.But when minimum ON time, first upper pipe just must obey and work under minimum ON time, thus can not ensure that electric current exceedes cut-off current and closed by upper pipe in time.
In view of in prior art, the priority of current-limiting protection is lower than minimum ON time, so the upper pipe current-limiting protection of prior art can not play a role under minimum ON time condition.In synchronous buck conversion wherein, when minimum ON time work, can shield owing to there is lower pipe current limliting, therefore the buck converter impact of above-mentioned technical problem on this type of is little.But non-synchronous buck converter only has upper pipe current limliting, when minimum ON time work, power tube probably damages because electric current is excessive.
For the above-mentioned technical problem of non-synchronous buck converter, under the restriction of minimum ON time, prior art often takes down conversion process, and the realization of frequency reducing is general slower.To consider when input voltage saltus step that frequency does not have enough time to reduce and inductive current rises rapidly, still there is the technical problem may damaged because electric current is excessive.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of current-limiting protection circuit and the current limiting protecting method that are applied to buck converter, in order to solve the technical problem may damaging power tube because electric current is excessive that prior art exists.
Technical solution of the present invention is, provides a kind of current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter of following structure, comprising:
Current sampling circuit, for the inductive current of buck converter of sampling, obtains the current sampling signal characterizing described inductive current;
First comparison circuit, the current sampling signal described in reception, compares current sampling signal and current reference signal, exports and characterizes the whether excessive judgement signal of electric current;
When current sampling signal is greater than current reference signal, then judge that signal is effective status, when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe not conducting of described buck converter, until the voltage sampling signal of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe normally.
Preferably; described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises the second comparison circuit; two inputs of the second described comparison circuit receive described voltage sampling signal and the first reference voltage respectively; export reset signal; when described voltage sampling signal is lower than the first reference voltage, described reset signal is effective.
Preferably, described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises the first trigger, and two inputs of the first described trigger receive described judgement signal and described reset signal respectively, and output current limiting signal.
Preferably, adopt fixed-frequency control pattern, described current limit signal and the clock signal characterizing switch periods do with, export and open signal for what control the conducting of master power switch pipe; Or, adopt fixing turn-off time control model, described current limit signal and fixing turn-off time signal do with, export and open signal for what control the conducting of master power switch pipe.
Preferably; described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises sampling hold circuit, and the current sampling signal described in described sampling hold circuit receives, exports peak hold signal; described peak hold signal and current reference signal are inputted the first comparator respectively, the judgement signal described in output.
Preferably, described sampling hold circuit comprises diode and the first electric capacity, and the negative electrode of described diode is connected with one end of the first electric capacity, the other end ground connection of the first electric capacity, and described diode is connected with the first comparator with the common port of the first electric capacity.
Preferably, described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises filter circuit, and the current sampling signal described in described filter circuit receives, obtains filtered current sampling signal, by described filtered current sampling signal access sampling hold circuit.
Preferably, described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises discharge switch, and the described output of the second comparator is connected with the control end of discharge switch, and one end of discharge switch is connected with the first electric capacity, other end ground connection.
Another technical solution of the present invention is, provides a kind of current limiting protecting method being applied to buck converter of following structure, comprises the following steps:
The inductive current of sampling buck converter, obtains the current sampling signal characterizing described inductive current;
Current sampling signal described in reception, compares current sampling signal and current reference signal, exports and characterizes the whether excessive judgement signal of electric current;
When current sampling signal is greater than current reference signal, then judge that signal is effective status, when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe not conducting of described buck converter, until the voltage sampling signal of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe normally.
Adopt circuit structure of the present invention and method, compared with prior art, have the following advantages: by the inductive current of buck converter of sampling, compare with current reference signal, judge that whether inductive current is excessive, when current sampling signal is greater than current reference signal, then open current-limiting protection, when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe not conducting of described buck converter, until when the voltage sampling signal of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe normally; Therefore, it is possible to produce the current limit signal of priority higher than minimum ON time, and effectively reduce inductive current, serve the effect of protective device element.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment one of buck converter;
Fig. 2 is the working waveform figure of the buck converter not using current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the working waveform figure of the buck converter adding current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is applied to the circuit structure diagram of the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment two of buck converter for the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the circuit structure diagram that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit embodiment three of buck converter;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not restricted to these embodiments.The present invention contain any make in the spirit and scope of the present invention substitute, amendment, equivalent method and scheme.
To have the present invention to make the public and understand thoroughly, in the following preferred embodiment of the present invention, describe concrete details in detail, and do not have the description of these details also can understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art.
In the following passage, more specifically the present invention is described by way of example with reference to accompanying drawing.It should be noted that, accompanying drawing all adopts the form that comparatively simplifies and all uses non-ratio accurately, only in order to object that is convenient, the aid illustration embodiment of the present invention lucidly.
Shown in figure 1, illustrate the embodiment one that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.Described buck converter comprises inductance L, power switch pipe NMOS and continued flow tube Do, the first end of described power switch pipe NMOS receives input voltage vin, second end is then connected with one end of inductance L, the other end of inductance L is connected with the output of buck converter, the output voltage of the output of buck converter is Vout, and output capacitance Co is also connected to output.Carry out current sample at the common port of power switch pipe NMOS and inductance L by current sampling circuit Ri, obtain current sampling signal IL_sense.Voltage sampling circuit is made up of resistance RH and resistance RL, obtain output voltage sampled signal FB, described output voltage sampled signal FB and the second reference signal ref2 is input offset circuit respectively, signal Vc is compensated after compensation deals, described compensating signal Vc and current sampling signal IL_sense compares, ramp signal Slope is used as slope compensation, obtain characterizing the cut-off signals that power switch pipe turns off the moment, described cut-off signals and minimum ON time do with after, obtain final cut-off signals rst, for switch-off power switching tube NMOS.Power switch pipe NMOS is for the metal-oxide-semiconductor of N-type.
Current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention comprises above-mentioned current sampling circuit Ri and the first comparison circuit comp1, described current sampling circuit Ri, for the inductive current IL of buck converter of sampling, obtain the current sampling signal IL_sense characterizing described inductive current; The first described comparison circuit comp1, the current sampling signal IL_sense described in reception, compare current sampling signal IL_sense and current reference signal Vth, exports and characterize the whether excessive judgement signal Vj of electric current; When current sampling signal IL_sense is greater than current reference signal Vth, then judge that signal Vj is effective status, now current limit signal I_limit is effective, then when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe NMOS not conducting of described buck converter, until when the voltage sampling signal FB of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage ref1, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe NMOS normally.Concrete realization is as follows: will judge that signal Vj inputs the set end of rest-set flip-flop, voltage sampling signal FB and the first reference voltage ref1 inputs the second comparator comp2 respectively, obtain reset signal Vres, reset signal Vres is inputted the reset terminal of rest-set flip-flop, rest-set flip-flop output current limiting signal I_limit
as the output of rest-set flip-flop.In the present embodiment, adopt fixed-frequency control pattern, described current limit signal I_limit and characterize clock signal clk input and the Men Zuoyu of switch periods, described output with door opens signal set for what control master power switch pipe NMOS conducting.Open signal set and cut-off signals rst and input a rest-set flip-flop respectively, output pwm signal to driver module in order to drive master power switch pipe NMOS.The first described reference signal ref1 is less than the second reference signal ref2, can be set to ref1=0.9*ref2, and under can keeping normality like this, FB is greater than the first reference signal ref1.
Shown in figure 2, illustrate the working waveform figure not adding current-limiting protection.Buck converter in embodiment one; when not adding current-limiting protection circuit of the present invention; the open-minded of power switch pipe NMOS is controlled by clock signal clk; in prior art; when saltus step occurs Vin; then inductive current IL raises and exceedes threshold value, then may damage power switch pipe during this period.Prior art can reduce ON time by the size of frequency reducing or change compensating signal Vc usually, thus play the effect of current limliting, but due to the existence of minimum ON time, buck converter still can minimally ON time, therefore still may there is the excessive situation of electric current; And the feedback changing compensating signal Vc is relatively slow, can not reduce inductive current timely and effectively.
Shown in figure 3, illustrate the working waveform figure after adding current-limiting protection of the present invention.In the embodiment one with current-limiting protection circuit; when there is Vin saltus step; inductive current IL can progressively raise, and characterizes inductive current IL, when IL_sense is greater than current reference signal Vth by current sampling signal IL_sense; namely corresponding inductive current IL also exceedes cut-off current; now current limit signal I_limit overturns as low level, does with clock signal clk and after, make during this period; clock signal clk is inoperative, namely can not produce at next cycle and open signal set.During current limliting, due to master power switch pipe NMOS not conducting, therefore inductive current IL can decline thereupon, and output voltage is corresponding falling also, is reflected in the falling of voltage sampling signal FB.When voltage sampling signal FB falls back to the first reference signal ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, current limit signal I_limit is made to overturn as high level by reset signal Vres, then clock signal clk next open the moment arrive time, can produce and open signal set and make master power switch pipe normally.
Shown in figure 4, illustrate the embodiment two that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.Most of structure of embodiment two is identical with embodiment one, the difference of the two is: embodiment two adopts fixing turn-off time control model, described current limit signal I_limit and fixing turn-off time signal do with, export and open signal set for what control master power switch pipe NMOS conducting.When IL_sense is greater than current reference signal Vth, current limit signal I_limit and fixing turn-off time signal do with after, during this period, fixing turn-off time signal is inoperative, namely can not produce at next cycle and open signal set.During current limliting, due to master power switch pipe NMOS not conducting, therefore inductive current IL can decline thereupon, and output voltage is corresponding falling also, is reflected in the falling of voltage sampling signal FB.When voltage sampling signal FB falls back to the first reference signal ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, current limit signal I_limit is made to overturn as high level by reset signal Vres, then fixing turn-off time signal next open the moment arrive time, can produce and open signal set and make master power switch pipe normally.In addition, due to the difference of control model, in embodiment two without the need to ramp signal as slope compensation.
Shown in figure 5, illustrate the embodiment three that the present invention is applied to the current-limiting protection circuit of buck converter.In embodiment three, the concrete structure of current-limiting protection circuit and the difference of embodiment one, two larger.Current sampling signal IL_sense does not directly compare with current reference signal Vth, the first circuit after filtering of current sampling signal IL_sense carries out filtering, with some spikes of filtering and " burr ", thus improve the accuracy compared, described filter circuit comprises resistance R1 and electric capacity C2 and forms, then filtered signal enters sampling hold circuit, described sampling hold circuit exports peak hold signal, described peak hold signal Ipeak_hold and current reference signal Vth is inputted the first comparator comp1 respectively, judgement signal described in output, judgement signal is now as current limit signal I_limit.It should be noted that at this, the current sampling signal IL_sense described in each embodiment of the application compares with current reference signal Vth, has both comprised directly comparing of the two, also can refer to the comparison after processing one or both.Described sampling hold circuit comprises diode D1 and the first electric capacity C1, the negative electrode of described diode D1 is connected with one end of the first electric capacity C1, the other end ground connection of the first electric capacity C1, described diode D1 is connected with the first comparator comp1 with the common port of the first electric capacity C1.Described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises discharge switch S1, and the output of described second comparator comp2 is connected with the control end of discharge switch S1, and one end of discharge switch S1 is connected with the first electric capacity C1, other end ground connection.Voltage sampling signal FB and the first reference voltage ref1 inputs the second comparator comp2 respectively, and obtain reset signal Vres, described reset signal Vres is as the control signal of discharge switch S1.When voltage sampling signal FB falls back to the first reference signal ref1, inductive current IL also falls back to normal value, by reset signal Vres, sampling hold circuit is discharged, current limit signal I_limit is made to overturn as high level, then clock signal clk next open the moment arrive time, can produce and open signal set and make master power switch pipe normally.
Above-described execution mode, does not form the restriction to this technical scheme protection range.The amendment done within any spirit at above-mentioned execution mode and principle, equivalently to replace and improvement etc., within the protection range that all should be included in this technical scheme.
Claims (9)
1. be applied to a current-limiting protection circuit for buck converter, it is characterized in that: comprising:
Current sampling circuit, for the inductive current of buck converter of sampling, obtains the current sampling signal characterizing described inductive current;
First comparison circuit, the current sampling signal described in reception, compares current sampling signal and current reference signal, exports and characterizes the whether excessive judgement signal of electric current;
When current sampling signal is greater than current reference signal, then judge that signal is effective status, when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe not conducting of described buck converter, until the voltage sampling signal of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe normally.
2. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises the second comparison circuit; two inputs of the second described comparison circuit receive described voltage sampling signal and the first reference voltage respectively; export reset signal; when described voltage sampling signal is lower than the first reference voltage, described reset signal is effective.
3. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 2; it is characterized in that: described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises the first trigger; two inputs of the first described trigger receive described judgement signal and described reset signal respectively, and output current limiting signal.
4. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: adopt fixed-frequency control pattern, described current limit signal and the clock signal characterizing switch periods do with, export and open signal for what control the conducting of master power switch pipe; Or, adopt fixing turn-off time control model, described current limit signal and fixing turn-off time signal do with, export and open signal for what control the conducting of master power switch pipe.
5. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 1 and 2; it is characterized in that: described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises sampling hold circuit; current sampling signal described in described sampling hold circuit receives; export peak hold signal; described peak hold signal and current reference signal are inputted the first comparator respectively, the judgement signal described in output.
6. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: described sampling hold circuit comprises diode and the first electric capacity; the negative electrode of described diode is connected with one end of the first electric capacity; the other end ground connection of the first electric capacity, described diode is connected with the first comparator with the common port of the first electric capacity.
7. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 6; it is characterized in that: described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises filter circuit; current sampling signal described in described filter circuit receives; obtain filtered current sampling signal, by described filtered current sampling signal access sampling hold circuit.
8. the current-limiting protection circuit being applied to buck converter according to claim 6; it is characterized in that: described current-limiting protection circuit also comprises discharge switch; the described output of the second comparator is connected with the control end of discharge switch; one end of discharge switch is connected with the first electric capacity, other end ground connection.
9. be applied to a current limiting protecting method for buck converter, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The inductive current of sampling buck converter, obtains the current sampling signal characterizing described inductive current;
Current sampling signal described in reception, compares current sampling signal and current reference signal, exports and characterizes the whether excessive judgement signal of electric current;
When current sampling signal is greater than current reference signal, then judge that signal is effective status, when the next one opens moment arrival, control the master power switch pipe not conducting of described buck converter, until the voltage sampling signal of sign output voltage is lower than the first reference voltage, then open the moment at the next one, master power switch pipe normally.
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| CN109921378A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-21 | 航天柏克(广东)科技有限公司 | A kind of DC switch circuit and its control method |
| CN112104229A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-18 | 深圳南云微电子有限公司 | BUCK control circuit, control method and reference generation circuit |
| CN112448703A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-05 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Switching device |
| CN114583937A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-06-03 | 茂睿芯（深圳）科技有限公司 | Overcurrent protection circuit, overcurrent protection method and power supply device of voltage converter |
| CN115313807A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-11-08 | 晶艺半导体有限公司 | Dual-voltage constant-frequency control circuit, converter and method |
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| CN105305798B (en) | 2018-08-17 |
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Address after: 310051 No. 6 Lianhui Street, Xixing Street, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Silergy Semiconductor Technology (Hangzhou ) Co., Ltd. Address before: 310012 Wensanlu Road, Hangzhou Province, No. 90 East Software Park, science and technology building A1501 Patentee before: Silergy Semiconductor Technology (Hangzhou ) Co., Ltd. |