CN105304242B - A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105304242B CN105304242B CN201410389423.7A CN201410389423A CN105304242B CN 105304242 B CN105304242 B CN 105304242B CN 201410389423 A CN201410389423 A CN 201410389423A CN 105304242 B CN105304242 B CN 105304242B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ntc
- slurries
- ball
- thick film
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries, include the following steps：(1) manganese dioxide 30~45%, nickel oxide 25~35% and 30~43% uniformly mixed ball milling of copper oxide are dried in mass ratio；(2) ball-milled mixtures of drying are carried out to pre-burning at 600~1000 DEG C, then ball milling obtains NTC pre-burning powder；(3) NTC pre-burnings powder is mixed into ball milling again with a certain amount of glass powder, is eventually adding a certain amount of organic carrier, be finally rolled into NTC slurries compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：With remarkable response speed, thermal time constant, dissipation factor, extremely low thermal capacity, excellent self-healing, the market prospects of non-linear NTC themistor are considerable, and thick-film technique platform has the advantage not available for many traditional ceramics preparation process platforms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application field of non-linear NTC thermistor, specifically a kind of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries
The preparation method of material.
Background technology
Thermistor is that the development time is early, type is more, the sensitive electron component of development relative maturity.Thermistor by
Semiconductor ceramic material forms, and the principle utilized is the variation that temperature causes resistance, wherein non-linear NTC (Negative
Temperature Coefficient) thermistor, refer to the prodigious resistor of negative temperature coefficient, and chip type thermal resistor
It is the Novel resistor element for adapting to high density surface attachment (SMT) and requiring, there is simple in structure, small, light-weight, sensitivity
The features such as high, can be widely applied to need in the electronic circuits of High Density Packagings such as temperature-compensating, temperature control, temperature measurement.
Traditional chip NTC thermistor mostly uses greatly tabletting, rolls the methods of film and the tape casting sinter molding, compares it
Under, the chip type thermal resistor prepared using thick-film technique is had the following advantages that：First, being easy to adjust the room temperature resistance and B values (heat
The material constant of quick resistance), realizing that parameter is diversified while ensureing its precision；Second is that thick film firing temperature is compared with solid-phase sintering
Low, function phase and conductive phase can pass through the glass bonds of low melting point；Third, film thickness is in the micron-scale, thermal capacity is small, is conducive to
Improve thermal response speed and temperature measurement accuracy；Fourth, the miniaturization of products, can be used for extensive hybrid circuit；Fifth, it is simple for process, just
In production, improve benefit.
Currently, NTC chip type thermal resistors part develops mainly along high B values low resistance and low B values high value direction, master
It is exactly material to want determinant, how to prepare the NTC slurry demands further investigation of high-performance and stabilization, the present invention is with manganese ambrose alloy body
Based on system, the thick film NTC slurries of low B values high value are prepared.
Thick film print technology is used when the slurry is applied so that NTC slurry functional layers are printed on aluminium oxide ceramic substrate,
Then the excellent protection materials of performance make its mechanical performance (camber 3mm under thick film single layer chip NTC；The single layer of the tape casting
Chip NTC generally descends camber 1mm, preferably 2mm) and corrosion resistance lead over tradition curtain coating NTC themistor.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to rely primarily on the deficiency of import for non-linear Thermistor, a kind of low B is provided
It is worth the preparation method of high value thick film NTC slurries, prepares a kind of thick film NTC slurries so that the slurry can be dried by silk-screen printing
Sintering can form fine and close ceramic structure at 850 DEG C after dry, the ceramics with non-linear NTC effects, while have high B values with
Low resistance feature, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries, is as follows：
(1) manganese ambrose alloy pre-burning powder is prepared, is in mass ratio manganese dioxide: nickel oxide: copper oxide=(30~45): (25~
35) it is in mass ratio then: the ratio of (30~43), which is sufficiently mixed, uniformly obtains manganese ambrose alloy mixture, manganese ambrose alloy mixture: goes
Ionized water: agate pot planet ball=1: 1: the ratio of (2~4) mixing, then use planetary ball mill with the rotating speed mill 4 of 387rpm~
6h, obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 100 DEG C；
(2) NTC pre-burning powder is prepared, the ball-milled mixtures of drying are warming up to 600~1000 DEG C in 2~3h and are kept the temperature
NTC sinters are obtained after 1.5~2.5h, after natural cooling, are in mass ratio NTC sinters: deionized water: agate pot planet ball
=1: 1: the ratio of (2~4) is uniformly mixed, then use planetary ball mill to grind 3~5h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, and dried at 100 DEG C
Dry, crushing sieves with 100 mesh sieve, and it is spare to obtain NTC pre-burning powder；
(3) NTC slurries are rolled, the modular glass powder of NTC pre-burning silty amount 10%~50% is added in NTC pre-burning powder,
1.5~2.5h is ground with the rotating speed of 322rpm with planetary ball mill after mixing, obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 120 DEG C,
Then the ball-milled mixtures of 90~110 parts of drying are weighed, 15~35 parts of prefabricated organic carriers are added, through rolling on three-high mill
It is uniformly mixed, NTC slurry finished products are made using thick film print technology in slurry, test NTC slurry indices, are obtained after qualified low
B value high value NTC slurry finished products.
As a further solution of the present invention：Glass powder described in step (4) is in mass ratio bismuth oxide: two
Silica: diboron trioxide: zinc oxide=50%: 20%: 10%: 20% ratio is uniformly mixed, with planetary ball mill with
Rotating speed 1~1.5h of dry grinding of 322rpm, is then held with corundum crucible, is put into high temperature furnace and is warming up to 1100~1200 DEG C, protected
After 0.5~1h of temperature glass powder is obtained after water quenching, drying, crushing, ball milling.
As further scheme of the invention：It is 50% that organic carrier described in step (4), which is by mass fraction,
Terpinol, 20~30% butyl carbitol, 10~15% tributyl citrate are warming up to 90 DEG C after mixing, then add
Enter 6~10% ethyl cellulose, 0.1~0.5% rilanit special and 0.5%~2% 85 (transliteration of Span：Stan85
A kind of title material), after being stirred well to ethyl cellulose whole dissolving, then it is sufficiently stirred 10~30min, is cooled to room temperature
It arrives.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The NTC function layer thickness of the NTC themistor only has
Tens microns, the 1/100 of the multilayer NTC themistor function layer thickness being only cast, make it have remarkable response speed,
Thermal time constant, dissipation factor, extremely low thermal capacity, excellent self-healing；Before the market of non-linear NTC themistor
Scape is considerable, and thick-film technique platform has the advantage not available for many traditional ceramics preparation process platforms, therefore the NTC is starched
The development of material may bring the change of NTC thermistor industry.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The preparation of glass powder
It is bismuth oxide: silica: diboron trioxide: zinc oxide=50%: 20%: 10%: 20% in mass ratio
Ratio be uniformly mixed, dry grinded 1h with the rotating speed of 322rpm with planetary ball mill, then held with corundum crucible, be put into high temperature furnace
In be warming up to 1150 DEG C, keep the temperature and obtain that glass powder is spare after h after water quenching, drying, crushing, ball milling, the average grain of the glass powder
About 2 μm of diameter, 500~800 DEG C of softening point, coefficient of thermal expansion 5~12 × 10-6。
The preparation of organic carrier
By mass fraction be 50% terpinol, 25% butyl carbitol, 15% tributyl citrate be uniformly mixed
After be warming up to 90 DEG C, then be added 7.5% ethyl cellulose, 0.5% rilanit special and 2% 85 (transliteration of Span：
A kind of title materials of Stan85), after being stirred well to ethyl cellulose whole dissolving, then it is sufficiently stirred 30min, is cooled to room temperature
It is spare.
The preparation of non-linear NTC slurries
Embodiment 1：The thick film NTC resistance slurries of B values about 1200K, sheet resistance about 10K Ω/m are prepared, each raw material used
Mass ratio is as follows
Specific preparation process is as follows：
(1) manganese ambrose alloy pre-burning powder is prepared, is in mass ratio manganese dioxide: nickel oxide: copper oxide=43: 27: 30 ratio
It is sufficiently mixed and uniformly obtains manganese ambrose alloy mixture, be then manganese ambrose alloy mixture in mass ratio: deionized water: agate pot planet ball
=1: 1: 3 ratio mixing, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 5h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, obtained ball-milled mixtures are at 100 DEG C
It is dried for standby；
(2) NTC pre-burning powder is prepared, it is natural after the ball-milled mixtures of drying are warming up to 800 DEG C in 2h and keep the temperature 2h
NTC sinters are obtained after cooling, are in mass ratio NTC sinters: deionized water: agate pot planet ball=1: 1: 3 ratio is mixed
It closes uniformly, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 4h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, and dried at 100 DEG C, crushing sieves with 100 mesh sieve, and obtains NTC
Pre-burning powder is spare；
(3) NTC slurries are rolled, the modular glass powder of NTC pre-burning silty amount 35% are added in NTC pre-burning powder, after mixing
2h is ground with the rotating speed of 322rpm with planetary ball mill, obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 120 DEG C, then weigh 100 parts
25 parts of prefabricated organic carriers are added in the ball-milled mixtures of drying, are uniformly mixed on three-high mill through rolling, and slurry uses thick film
NTC slurry finished products are made in printing technology, test NTC slurry indices, low B values high value NTC slurry finished products are obtained after qualified.
Embodiment 2：The thick film NTC resistance slurries of B values about 1000K, sheet resistance about 18K Ω/m are prepared, each raw material used
Mass ratio is as follows
Specific preparation process is as follows：
(1) manganese ambrose alloy pre-burning powder is prepared, is in mass ratio manganese dioxide: nickel oxide: copper oxide=39: 29: 32 ratio
It is sufficiently mixed and uniformly obtains manganese ambrose alloy mixture, be then manganese ambrose alloy mixture in mass ratio: deionized water: agate pot planet ball
=1: 1: 3 ratio mixing, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 5h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, obtained ball-milled mixtures are at 100 DEG C
It is dried for standby；
(2) NTC pre-burning powder is prepared, it is natural after the ball-milled mixtures of drying are warming up to 800 DEG C in 2h and keep the temperature 2h
NTC sinters are obtained after cooling, are in mass ratio NTC sinters: deionized water: agate pot planet ball=1: 1: 3 ratio is mixed
It closes uniformly, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 4h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, and dried at 100 DEG C, crushing sieves with 100 mesh sieve, and obtains NTC
Pre-burning powder is spare；
(3) NTC slurries are rolled, the modular glass powder of NTC pre-burning silty amount 35% are added in NTC pre-burning powder, after mixing
2h is ground with the rotating speed of 322rpm with planetary ball mill, obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 120 DEG C, then weigh 100 parts
25 parts of prefabricated organic carriers are added in the ball-milled mixtures of drying, are uniformly mixed on three-high mill through rolling, and slurry uses thick film
NTC slurry finished products are made in printing technology, test NTC slurry indices, low B values high value NTC slurry finished products are obtained after qualified.
Embodiment 3：The thick film NTC resistance slurries of B values about 800K, sheet resistance about 90K Ω/m are prepared, the matter of each raw material used
It is as follows to measure ratio
Specific preparation process is as follows：
(1) manganese ambrose alloy pre-burning powder is prepared, is in mass ratio manganese dioxide: nickel oxide: copper oxide=35: 30: 35 ratio
It is sufficiently mixed and uniformly obtains manganese ambrose alloy mixture, be then manganese ambrose alloy mixture in mass ratio: deionized water: agate pot planet ball
=1: 1: 3 ratio mixing, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 5h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, obtained ball-milled mixtures are at 100 DEG C
It is dried for standby；
(2) NTC pre-burning powder is prepared, it is natural after the ball-milled mixtures of drying are warming up to 800 DEG C in 2h and keep the temperature 2h
NTC sinters are obtained after cooling, are in mass ratio NTC sinters: deionized water: agate pot planet ball=1: 1: 3 ratio is mixed
It closes uniformly, then uses planetary ball mill to grind 4h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, and dried at 100 DEG C, crushing sieves with 100 mesh sieve, and obtains NTC
Pre-burning powder is spare；
(3) NTC slurries are rolled, the modular glass powder of NTC pre-burning silty amount 40% are added in NTC pre-burning powder, after mixing
2h is ground with the rotating speed of 322rpm with planetary ball mill, obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 120 DEG C, then weigh 100 parts
27 parts of prefabricated organic carriers are added in the ball-milled mixtures of drying, are uniformly mixed on three-high mill through rolling, and slurry uses thick film
NTC slurry finished products are made in printing technology, test NTC slurry indices, low B values high value NTC slurry finished products are obtained after qualified.
From embodiment it can be seen that：(1) press manganese ambrose alloy NTC ceramic has lower B with the NTC thick film NTC slurries prepared
Value, B values are mainly determined by original manganese ambrose alloy formula；(2) resistance of the manganese ambrose alloy NTC ceramic with the NTC thick film NTC slurries prepared is pressed
Value can be adjusted by the way that the glass powder of different proportion is added, and the amount of glass powder is bigger, and resistance value is bigger.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries, which is characterized in that be as follows：
(1) manganese ambrose alloy pre-burning powder is prepared, is in mass ratio manganese dioxide: nickel oxide: copper oxide=(30~45): (25~35):
The ratio of (30~43), which is sufficiently mixed, uniformly obtains manganese ambrose alloy mixture, is then manganese ambrose alloy mixture in mass ratio: deionization
Water: agate pot planet ball=1: 1: the ratio mixing of (2~4) then uses planetary ball mill to grind 4~6h with the rotating speed of 387rpm,
Obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 100 DEG C；
(2) NTC pre-burning powder is prepared, the ball-milled mixtures of drying are warming up to 600~1000 DEG C in 2~3h and keeps the temperature 1.5
NTC sinters are obtained after~2.5h, after natural cooling, are in mass ratio NTC sinters: deionized water: agate pot planet ball=1
: 1: the ratio of (2~4) is uniformly mixed, then use planetary ball mill to grind 3~5h with the rotating speed of 387rpm, and dried at 100 DEG C,
Crushing sieves with 100 mesh sieve, and it is spare to obtain NTC pre-burning powder；
(3) NTC slurries are rolled, the glass powder of NTC pre-burning silty amount 10%~50% is added in NTC pre-burning powder, is used after mixing
Planetary ball mill grinds 1.5~2.5h with the rotating speed of 322rpm, and obtained ball-milled mixtures are dried for standby at 120 DEG C, then weigh
15~35 parts of organic carriers are added in the ball-milled mixtures of 90~110 parts of drying, are uniformly mixed on three-high mill through rolling, slurry
NTC slurry finished products are made using thick film print technology in material, test NTC slurry indices, it is thick that low B values high value is obtained after qualified
Film NTC slurries.
2. the preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3)
Described in glass powder, be in mass ratio bismuth oxide: silica: diboron trioxide: zinc oxide=50%: 20%:
10%: 20% ratio is uniformly mixed, and with planetary ball mill with rotating speed 1~1.5h of dry grinding of 322rpm, then uses corundum crucible
It holds, is put into high temperature furnace and is warming up to 1100~1200 DEG C, obtained after water quenching, drying, crushing, ball milling after keeping the temperature 0.5~1h
Glass powder.
3. the preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3)
Described in organic carrier, be by mass fraction be 50% terpinol, 20~30% butyl carbitol, 10~15% lemon
Lemon acid tributyl is warming up to 90 DEG C after mixing, and 6~10% ethyl cellulose, 0.1~0.5% hydrogenation castor is then added
Sesame oil and 0.5%~2% Span 85, be stirred well to ethyl cellulose all after dissolving, then be sufficiently stirred 10~30min,
It is cooled to room temperature to obtain.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410389423.7A CN105304242B (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410389423.7A CN105304242B (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105304242A CN105304242A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105304242B true CN105304242B (en) | 2018-08-14 |
Family
ID=55201378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410389423.7A Active CN105304242B (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105304242B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106205875A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽斯迈尔电子科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of thick-film resistor resistance slurry |
| CN109215884B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-06-26 | 湖南海曙科技有限公司 | Method for improving high-temperature sintering stability of thick film resistor paste |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1073033A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-06-09 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | The thick-film thermistor composition of ntc |
| CN1673139A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-09-28 | 贵州振华亚太高新电子材料有限公司 | Lead-free electroplated silver slurry for outer electrode of multilayer chip element |
| CN102881351A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-16 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | Back tin electrode slurry for crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and method for preparing back tin electrode slurry |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20100113321A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2010-10-21 | 한국기계연구원 | Highly dense and nano-grained spinel ntc thermistor thick films and preparation method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-07-31 CN CN201410389423.7A patent/CN105304242B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1073033A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-06-09 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | The thick-film thermistor composition of ntc |
| CN1673139A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-09-28 | 贵州振华亚太高新电子材料有限公司 | Lead-free electroplated silver slurry for outer electrode of multilayer chip element |
| CN102881351A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-16 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | Back tin electrode slurry for crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and method for preparing back tin electrode slurry |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 负温度系数热敏电阻的制备和电性能研究;中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）信息科技辑;《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）信息科技辑》;20070415;14-17,34-35,39 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105304242A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101321415B (en) | Rare earth thick film circuit electrical heating element based on aluminum nitride minicrystal ceramic substrates and its preparation technique | |
| CN105873248B (en) | A kind of heating film low-temperature sintering slurry and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104795128B (en) | Lead-free resistance paste as well as manufacturing process and application of lead-free resistance paste | |
| CN103716924B (en) | The preparation technology of aluminum bronze Cu+ composite base rare earth thick film circuit Intelligent electric-heating chip | |
| CN107602088B (en) | Low-temperature co-fired ceramic material highly matched with high-temperature conductive silver paste and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109637695A (en) | A kind of high-performance thick-film resistor paste composition | |
| CN101710509B (en) | Preparation method of leadless nickel electrode slurry for thick-film resistor | |
| CN111116173B (en) | Low-temperature sintered NTC thermistor ceramic material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1937856B (en) | Rare earth basic-metal resistance size for metal base board based rare earth thick film circuit and its preparing process | |
| CN109734480A (en) | A kind of aluminium nitride ceramics heater cofiring high temperature exothermic slurry and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105304242B (en) | A kind of preparation method of low B values high value thick film NTC slurries | |
| CN103073267B (en) | NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermal-sensitive material with low resistivity and high B-value and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101727997A (en) | YBCO thick film resistor slurry | |
| CN107567115A (en) | A kind of doping type YBCO conductive ceramic compositions, resistance slurry, porous ceramic matrix heater and its application | |
| CN105825910A (en) | Large-power low-temperature-coefficient thick-film heating element resistor slurry and preparation method thereof | |
| CA3117830A1 (en) | Ceramic heat generation body, and preparation method and use of the same | |
| CN102775139B (en) | Manufacturing method of NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermo-sensitive semiconductor ceramic body material | |
| CN101830694B (en) | High-purity stannic oxide electrode ceramic material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104370525B (en) | A kind of preparation method of manganese cobalt copper system non-linear negative temperature coefficient thick-film electronic slurry | |
| CN114743746A (en) | NTC insulating layer material and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN107140965A (en) | A kind of high resistivity, low B value negative temperature coefficient thermo-sensitive materials and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111063477B (en) | Stainless steel substrate thick film circuit insulating medium slurry and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104193305B (en) | NTC thermistor material and preparation method thereof and NTC themistor and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106571170A (en) | High-temperature lead-free ruthenium paste with low resistance reheating change rate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103177790A (en) | Solar cell back surface field transition paste and preparation method thereof, preparation method of solar cell piece and solar cell piece |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |