CN105302413B - UI (user interface) testing method and system for control - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a UI (user interface) testing method of a control, which comprises the following steps: intercepting a target picture and a source picture, and calculating color histograms of the target picture and the source picture to obtain a Papanicolaou distance; when the Babbitt distance is larger than a preset threshold value, acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on a target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on a source picture, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI; and outputting a test result according to the variance or standard deviation of the difference values of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values. The invention also provides a UI test system of the control. The invention can realize the automatic verification of the UI of the control so as to test the display effect of the UI.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Internet Technology (IT), in particular to a method and a system for testing a User Interface (UI) of a control.
Background
With the continuous shortening of the development cycle of software, automated testing has gradually become the development trend of software testing. Currently, an automatic testing system in the industry can only automatically verify text information such as characters, IDs (identities) and the like of software such as controls, and cannot verify whether UI display of the controls is correct, misplaced and the like. Therefore, a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is to provide a UI test method for a control to test a UI of a displayed control so as to quickly find out whether there is a difference in display effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a system for testing a UI of a control, which can implement automatic verification of the UI of the control to test a display effect of the UI.
The UI test method for the control provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: image interception is carried out on the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain a target picture, and image interception is carried out on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture; calculating color histograms of the target picture and the source picture, and calculating the Papanicolaou distance of pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms; when the Babbitt distance is larger than a preset threshold value, acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI; and calculating the variance or standard deviation of the difference values of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, and judging that the UI displayed by the control on the first terminal is matched with the UI displayed on the second terminal when the variance or standard deviation is zero.
The step of capturing the image of the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain the target picture comprises the following steps: analyzing a display interface of the first terminal to obtain coordinate information of the UI on the display interface; and carrying out image interception on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture.
The step of capturing the image of the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain the target picture comprises the following steps: selecting a UI of a control on a display interface of the first terminal through a mouse; and carrying out image interception on the selected area on the display interface to obtain a target picture.
The step of capturing the image of the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain the source picture comprises the following steps: acquiring a test code corresponding to a target picture, and verifying whether the test code contains coordinate information or relative position information of a UI on a display interface of a first terminal; if the source picture contains the coordinate information, image capture is carried out on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture; and if the relative position information is contained, image capture is carried out on the area corresponding to the relative position information on the display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
Wherein the Papanicolaou distance is obtained by the following relation,
Psddenotes the Papanicolaou distance, xiRepresenting the probability, y, of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source pictureiAnd expressing the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the target picture.
The UI test system for the control provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the screenshot module is used for carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain a target picture and carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture; the first calculation module is used for calculating a color histogram of a target picture and a color histogram of a source picture; the second calculation module is used for calculating the Papanicolaou distance of the pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms; a comparison module for comparing whether the babbit distance is greater than a predetermined threshold; the acquisition module is used for acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture when the Babbitt distance obtained by comparison of the comparison module is larger than a preset threshold value, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI; and the third calculation module is used for calculating the variance or standard deviation of the difference values of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, and when the variance or standard deviation is zero, the UI displayed by the control on the first terminal is matched with the UI displayed on the second terminal.
The screenshot module is used for analyzing the display interface of the first terminal to obtain coordinate information of the UI on the display interface, and image capture is carried out on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture.
The screenshot module is used for carrying out image capture on a framed area on the display interface of the first terminal according to a UI framed by the mouse on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture.
The screenshot module is used for acquiring a test code corresponding to a target picture and verifying whether the test code contains coordinate information or relative position information of a User Interface (UI) on a display interface of the first terminal; if the source picture contains the coordinate information, the screenshot module carries out image capture on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture; and if the relative position information is contained, the screenshot module carries out image capture on the area corresponding to the relative position information on the display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
Wherein the second calculation module obtains the pap distance by the following relation,
Psddenotes the Papanicolaou distance, xiRepresenting the probability, y, of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source pictureiAnd expressing the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the target picture.
According to the UI test method and system for the control, the similarity of the UI displayed by the target picture and the UI displayed by the source picture is tested in a mode of combining the color histogram and the collection of the mutation pixel points, so that the automatic verification of the UI is realized, and the display effect of the UI is tested.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a UI testing method for a control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a UI test system for a control of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an embodiment of the UI test system of the control according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The UI testing method of the control in the embodiment of the invention is used for verifying whether the display effect of the UI of the control is matched with that expected by software development, and specifically can be understood as verifying whether the display effects of the UI of the control on different terminals are the same, namely whether the UIs displayed on the different terminals by the control are different. The test method provided by the embodiment of the invention tests the similarity of the UI displayed by the target picture and the UI displayed by the source picture by combining the color histogram and the collection of the mutation pixel points, thereby realizing the automatic verification of the UI and testing the display effect of the UI.
The embodiment of the invention can pre-program the test software and store the test software in a server (test equipment) including but not limited to a Personal Computer (PC), automatically monitor the current process through the test software, and trigger and execute the next process according to the preset program instruction after the current process is finished, thereby realizing the automatic test of the UI.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention can store the backup (mirror image file) of the control (software) required by the test in the virtual machine of the pre-constructed cloud data center in advance, extract the data required by the current short range from the virtual machine of the cloud data center according to the instruction sent by the pre-programmed test software in the test process, and upload the test result to the cloud data center.
The following clearly and completely describes the technical solution of the exemplary embodiment provided by the present invention with reference to the testing method of the embodiment shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the UI test method for a control of this embodiment includes the following steps:
s11: and carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain a target picture, and carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
S12: and calculating color histograms of the target picture and the source picture, and calculating the Papanicolaou distance of the pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms.
The two color histograms correspondingly represent the color characteristics of the target picture and the source picture, describe the proportion of different colors in the whole target picture and the source picture, and do not contain the position information of each color, namely, objects or objects in the target picture and the source picture cannot be described. The manner of calculating the two color histograms can be found in the prior art, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Of course, in order to increase the calculation speed, in the embodiments of the present invention, based on the feature that the number of pixels included in the captured target picture and source picture is small, the total number of each color sub-pixel in, for example, R (Red ), G (Green ), B (Blue, Blue), and W (White) sub-pixels of the target picture and source picture is divided into predetermined equal parts (for example, 16 parts), and an equal part of each color sub-pixel is calculated to obtain the color histogram corresponding to the target picture and source picture.
The papanicolaou distance can be obtained by the following relation in the embodiment of the present invention,
wherein, PsdDenotes the Papanicolaou distance, xiRepresenting the probability, y, of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source pictureiAnd expressing the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the target picture.
The value range of the Papanicolaou distance is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, the larger the value of the Papanicolaou distance is, the higher the color similarity of the target picture and the source picture is, the color distribution of the target picture and the color distribution of the source picture are the same when the value of the Papanicolaou distance is 1, and the color distribution of the target picture and the color distribution of the source picture are completely different when the value of the Papanicolaou distance is 0.
S13: and when the Babbitt distance is larger than a preset threshold value, acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI.
The predetermined threshold value ranges from greater than 0 to less than 1.
Because the color distribution conditions in the target picture and the source picture can only be analyzed through the two color histograms, and the positions of the pixel points in the target picture and the source picture cannot be analyzed, the embodiment of the invention needs to further collect mutation points (namely mutation pixel points) of the pixel values in the target picture to analyze the picture, namely, the steps S13 and S14 are executed, and the mutation pixel points are regional boundary points of the target picture with the pixel values changing sharply and are often the pixel points on the outline of the UI.
And selecting the pixel values of the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel and the B sub-pixel which are changed sharply to extract the mutation pixel point because the pixel value of the W sub-pixel of the UI of the control is the same as the pixel value of the W sub-pixel in the target picture.
S14: and calculating the variance or standard deviation of the difference values of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, and judging that the UI displayed by the control on the first terminal is matched with the UI displayed on the second terminal when the variance or standard deviation is zero.
Embodiments of the present invention may obtain the standard deviation by the following relation,
wherein, represents the standard deviation, ziThe pixel value of the pixel point representing the ith certain color,
and the average pixel value of n pixel points of the color is represented.
The standard deviation is the arithmetic square root of the variance, which can be calculated in conjunction with the above relationship.
The embodiment of the invention tests the similarity of the UI of the control displayed by the target picture and the source picture by combining the color histogram and the collection of the mutation pixel points, thereby realizing the automatic verification of the UI and testing the display effect of the UI.
On the basis, the display interface of the first terminal can be analyzed by using the UiAutomator tool, and the target picture can be obtained in a corresponding mode according to whether the analysis is successful or not. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and for the condition of successful analysis, analyzing the display interface of the first terminal to obtain the coordinate information of the UI on the display interface, further performing image interception on the area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture, wherein the mouse can be controlled by mouse data sent by test software to select the area corresponding to the coordinate information and then perform image interception. For the case that the analysis fails and the display interface of the first terminal does not need to be analyzed (i.e. whether the display interface of the first terminal is successfully analyzed or not), the embodiment of the invention can perform image interception on the framed area on the display interface to obtain the target picture by manually operating the mouse to frame and select the UI (icon) of the control on the display interface of the first terminal.
And further, generating a corresponding test code according to the obtained target picture. Based on this, in the test stage of code playback, the method for obtaining the source picture according to the embodiment of the present invention may be:
and acquiring a test code corresponding to the target picture, and verifying whether the test code contains the coordinate information or the relative position information of the UI on the display interface of the first terminal. The coordinate information is position information of the UI on the display interface of the first terminal when the display interface of the first terminal is successfully analyzed; the relative position information is position information of a UI framed on the display interface of the first terminal by manually operating a mouse when the display interface of the first terminal is not analyzed.
And if the test code contains the coordinate information, image capture is carried out on the area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
And if the test code contains the relative position information, image capture is carried out on the area corresponding to the relative position information on the display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a UI test system for a control of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the UI test system of the control includes:
the screenshot module 21 is configured to perform image capture on the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain a target picture, and perform image capture on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture;
the first calculation module 22 is used for calculating a color histogram of the target picture and a color histogram of the source picture;
a second calculating module 23, configured to calculate a babbitt distance between pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms;
a comparison module 24 for comparing whether the pap distance is greater than a predetermined threshold;
an obtaining module 25, configured to obtain, when the babbitt distance obtained by the comparison module 24 is greater than the predetermined threshold, positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture, where the mutation pixel point is a pixel point on the profile of the UI;
and a third calculating module 26, configured to calculate a variance or standard deviation of the difference values between the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, where when the variance or standard deviation is zero, it indicates that the UI displayed on the first terminal and the UI displayed on the second terminal match. Of course, the present embodiment may output the test result by the result output module 27 shown in fig. 2 included in the test system.
The method for obtaining the target picture by the screenshot module 21 may be: the screenshot module 21 parses the display interface of the first terminal to obtain coordinate information of the UI on the display interface, and performs image capture on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface to obtain a target picture. Or, the screenshot module 21 captures an image of a framed area on the display interface of the first terminal according to a UI framed by the mouse on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture.
The method for obtaining the source picture by the screenshot module 21 may be: the screenshot module 21 acquires a test code corresponding to the target picture, and verifies whether the test code contains coordinate information or relative position information of the UI on a display interface of the first terminal; if the coordinate information is included, the screenshot module 21 performs image capture on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture; if the relative position information is included, the screenshot module 21 performs image capture on an area corresponding to the relative position information on the display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture.
Alternatively, the second calculation module 23 may obtain the pap distance by the following relation,
Psddenotes the Papanicolaou distance, xiRepresenting the probability, y, of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source pictureiRepresents the ith pixelProbability of a point in the color histogram of the target picture.
The modules of the test system of the embodiment of the invention correspondingly execute the UI test method of the control of each embodiment, and the technical effect is the same as that of the UI test method.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiment of the test system is merely illustrative, and the division of the modules into one logical functional division may be implemented in practice in another way, for example, two modules may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the modules may be connected to each other through some interfaces, and may also be in an electrical or other form. The modules are used as components of a test system, may or may not be physical blocks, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to a plurality of network units, and may be implemented in the form of software functional blocks or hardware.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the test system may include at least one processor (e.g., CPU), at least one communication interface, memory, and at least one communication bus. The processor is used to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory. The Memory may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory. The communication connection between the test system and at least one other device is realized through at least one communication interface, and the internet, a wide area network, a local area network, a metropolitan area network and the like can be used. The memory has stored therein program instructions that are executable by the processor. The program instruction may include each module of the test system indicated in the embodiment of the present invention, and specific implementation manners of each module may refer to corresponding contents in the above embodiment of the present invention, which is not described herein again.
In addition, if the above functions of the embodiments of the present invention are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, that is, the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, such as the combination of technical features between the embodiments, or the direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A UI (user interface) testing method for a control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
image interception is carried out on a UI displayed by a first terminal to obtain a target picture, and image interception is carried out on the UI displayed by a second terminal to obtain a source picture;
the step of performing image interception on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture comprises the following steps:
acquiring a test code corresponding to the target picture, and verifying whether the test code contains coordinate information or relative position information of the UI on a display interface of the first terminal;
if the source picture contains the coordinate information, image capture is carried out on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture;
if the relative position information is contained, image capturing is carried out on an area corresponding to the relative position information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain the source picture;
calculating color histograms of the target picture and the source picture, and calculating the Papanicolaou distance of pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms;
when the Babbitt distance is larger than a preset threshold value, acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI;
calculating a variance or standard deviation of differences of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, and determining that the UI displayed on the first terminal and the UI displayed on the second terminal of the control are matched when the variance or standard deviation is zero.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of image-capturing the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain the target picture comprises:
analyzing a display interface of a first terminal to obtain coordinate information of a UI on the display interface;
and carrying out image interception on the area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain a target picture.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of image-capturing the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain the target picture comprises:
selecting a UI of the control on a display interface of the first terminal through a mouse;
and carrying out image interception on the selected area on the display interface to obtain a target picture.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Papanicolaou distance of pixel values of the target picture and the source picture is obtained by the following relation,
wherein, the PsdRepresents the Papanicolaou distance, the xiRepresenting the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source picture, yiAnd representing the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the target picture.
5. A User Interface (UI) testing system for a control, comprising:
the screenshot module is used for carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the first terminal to obtain a target picture and carrying out image interception on the UI displayed by the second terminal to obtain a source picture;
the screenshot module is used for acquiring a test code corresponding to the target picture and verifying whether the test code comprises coordinate information or relative position information of the UI on a display interface of the first terminal; if the coordinate information is contained, the screenshot module carries out image capture on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain a source picture; if the relative position information is contained, the screenshot module carries out image capture on an area corresponding to the relative position information on a display interface of the second terminal to obtain the source picture;
the first calculation module is used for calculating a color histogram of the target picture and a color histogram of the source picture;
a second calculation module, configured to calculate a babbitt distance between pixel values of the target picture and the source picture according to the two color histograms;
a comparison module for comparing whether the pap distance is greater than a predetermined threshold;
an obtaining module, configured to obtain, when the babbitt distance obtained by the comparison module is greater than the predetermined threshold value, positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on the target picture, and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on the source picture, where the mutation pixel point is a pixel point on the profile of the UI;
and the third calculation module is used for calculating the variance or standard deviation of the difference value of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values, and when the variance or standard deviation is zero, the UI displayed on the first terminal and the UI displayed on the second terminal are matched.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the screenshot module is configured to parse a display interface of the first terminal to obtain coordinate information of the UI on the display interface, and perform image capture on an area corresponding to the coordinate information on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain the target picture.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the screenshot module is configured to perform image capture on a framed area on the display interface of the first terminal according to a UI framed by a mouse on the display interface of the first terminal to obtain the target picture.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the second calculation module obtains the Papanicolaou distance of pixel values of the target picture and the source picture by the following relation,
wherein, the PsdRepresents the Papanicolaou distance, the xiRepresenting the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the source picture, yiAnd representing the probability of the ith pixel point in the color histogram of the target picture.
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| CN106021108B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-11-20 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | application testing device, mobile terminal and method |
| CN106598846B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-03-16 | 上海壹账通金融科技有限公司 | Application interface method of testing and device |
| CN109117358A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-01-01 | 百度在线网络技术（北京）有限公司 | test method and test device for electronic equipment |
| CN108509343A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 浙江小泰科技有限公司 | Automated testing method based on image recognition technology and system |
| CN111580902B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2024-01-26 | 微梦创科网络科技（中国）有限公司 | Mobile terminal element positioning method and system based on picture analysis |
| CN111694758B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2024-01-16 | 西安闻泰电子科技有限公司 | Test code automatic generation method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113409330A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-17 | 青岛海尔科技有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for image automatic testing |
| CN115359008A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-18 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display interface testing method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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