CN105302165A - Photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system - Google Patents
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- CN105302165A CN105302165A CN201510847787.XA CN201510847787A CN105302165A CN 105302165 A CN105302165 A CN 105302165A CN 201510847787 A CN201510847787 A CN 201510847787A CN 105302165 A CN105302165 A CN 105302165A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking system. The system is formed by a controller, a light intensity detection circuit, a stepping motor, and a motor drive, the controller processes signals detected by the light intensity detection circuit and inputs the signals to the stepping motor via the motor driving circuit so that an external executing mechanism is driven, and a microcontroller accomplishes photoelectric tracking and sun movement locus tracking. Firstly, initialization is performed, then the weather is determined via the monitoring of the voltage at two terminals of a photovoltaic cell, if the measured voltage is above a threshold, photoelectric tracking is performed, or the tracking is automatically turned to sun movement locus tracking. According to the system, two tracking methods are combined so that the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency of the conventional photovoltaic power generation tracking system is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic power generation, be specifically related to photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system.
Background technology
Except adopting except new technique and material improve photovoltaic cell itself, adopting suitable control mode to control photovoltaic system, sun power can be utilized more efficiently to be an important trend of future development.Photovoltaic generating automatic tracking technology utilizes control method to control photovoltaic generating system exactly, makes photovoltaic battery panel aim at the sun all the time, to promote the efficiency of electricity generation system.Following sun tracker should adopt full-automatic tracking.Full-automatic sun tracking means adopts the horizontal system of coordinates and double-axis tracking principle, and mechanism design, towards high flexibility, multidimensional, on a large scale tracking angle future development, receives more solar radiation energy with limited photovoltaic battery panel, reduces the cost of photovoltaic generation.Control to adopt light, mechanical, electrical integrated technique, by the detection to sunshine power, realize the full-automatic tracking to the sun, the fields such as agricultural, telecommunications, meteorology can be widely used in.Tracking means detects sun light intensity by photosensitive probe, by tracking control unit, adopts simulation principle of differential pressure to compare, gives an order, driving device partial turn.Position switch makes the tracking accuracy of tracking means high, and wide ranges, has automatic return function.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system, solve the problem that existing photovoltaic generation tracker photoelectric transformation efficiency is low.
The present invention solves the problem by the following technical programs:
Photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system, is driven by controller, light intensity detection circuit, stepper motor and motor and forms; After the signal that described controller is used for detecting according to light intensity detection circuit processes, input to stepper motor through motor-drive circuit, and then drive exterior operator; The electric signal that light intensity detection circuit is used for light sensor exports carries out amplification ratio comparatively, then deviation signal is delivered to controller and processes, thus control execution unit is followed the tracks of the elevation angle of the sun and position angle; Motor drives the pulse signal Driving Stepping Motor sent according to controller, and Driving Stepping Motor rotates corresponding angle; Stepper motor, under motor-driven driving, rotates a fixing angle by the direction of setting.
In such scheme, the peripheral circuit of described controller comprises power supply, serial communication, A/D modular converter and frequency dividing circuit; The circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated H7805 of described power acquisition stable performance realizes voltage transitions, and employing ICL7660 chip and peripheral circuit carry out the conversion between positive and negative 5V voltage; Described serial communication adopts MAX232 chip to realize level conversion; Described A/D modular converter adopts ICL7135; Described frequency dividing circuit adopts chip 74HC393.
In such scheme, described microcontroller completes photoelectric tracking and looks daily motion track following; First carry out initialization, then judge weather by monitoring photovoltaic cell both end voltage, if the voltage recorded exceeds threshold value, then carry out photoelectric tracking, otherwise auto-steering looks daily motion track following.
In such scheme, the information that described photoelectric tracking is obtained by light intensity detection circuit, microcontroller sends gating pulse makes stepper motor Ml rotate forward, and the direction of motion due to sun horizontal direction is that therefore motor M l just can complete Bearings tracking without the need to reversion from east orientation west; Motor M l rotates until aim at the sun in the horizontal direction, till namely the output end voltage of horizontal direction light intensity detection circuit is high level; Elevation angle due to the sun first increases to reduce again, namely the sun first raises and declines, therefore motor M 2 turned clockwise in the period in the morning, and the period in the afternoon will along being rotated counterclockwise, can be carried out the control of motor by Pl.2 and the Pl.3 mouth of controller, P1.2 is low level, and motor rotates forward, PL1.3 is low level, motor reversal; Enter the Qualify Phase of tracking results, the proof scheme of light sensor DO and surrounding component composition is tested to the result of following the tracks of, if tracking results meets the requirements, program can enter holding state, waits for and following the tracks of next time; If but tracking results is beyond the scope of regulation, proof scheme will drag down the level of controller Pl.0 port, just can proceed to tracking mode again, re-start the tracking of position angle and elevation angle, until the result meets the requirements.
In such scheme, described daily motion track following mode of looking adopts the horizontal system of coordinates, by the time of input, the inquiry of latitude and declination angle, the pulse number of needs is calculated according to the step angle of stepper motor, then controller sends the pulse signal of respective numbers to motor driver, and drive motor rotates corresponding angle.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
The present invention is driven by controller, light intensity detection circuit, stepper motor and motor and forms; Controller inputs to stepper motor through motor-drive circuit after processing according to the signal that light intensity detection circuit detects, and then drives exterior operator; Microcontroller completes photoelectric tracking and looks daily motion track following; First carry out initialization, then judge weather by monitoring photovoltaic cell both end voltage, if the voltage recorded exceeds threshold value, then carry out photoelectric tracking, otherwise auto-steering looks daily motion track following.The combination of two kinds of tracking modes, solves the problem that existing photovoltaic generation tracker photoelectric transformation efficiency is low.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
The present invention is primarily of compositions such as controller, photosensitive tube, light intensity detection circuit, stepper motor, motor drivings.Hardware circuit of the present invention mainly comprises: system configuration, namely according to system functional requirement configuration peripherals; System extension, namely when the functional unit of controller inside, as the capacity such as ROM, RAM, FO can not meet the requirement of system time, must expand outside sheet, select suitable chip, design corresponding circuit.
In the configuration and expansion design of system, following three principles should be followed:
1, select typical circuit as far as possible during sheet external expansion, make hardware system standardization.The configuration of system
Except meeting basic function, certain leeway should be left, be convenient to secondary development;
2, in system, related device will accomplish Performance Match as far as possible.Hardware configuration answers connected applications software scenario to consider together;
3, reliability and antijamming capability to be taken into full account, avoid influencing each other between device; When controller external circuits is more, its driving force must be considered.
In the present invention, gather analog quantity and switching value by the peripheral circuit of controller and be input to the control mouth of controller, outputting to execution unit after treatment and carry out corresponding action, complete the control of whole system.
Controller is STC89C52RC, and operating voltage range is 5.5V-3.4V, and the output voltage of accumulator will far above 5V, and the power circuit therefore needing design one can meet controller job requirement provides stable power supply for controller.Power circuit except having traditional voltage stabilizing, filtering, the anti-tampering function of isolation, also should have anti-power supply transient state under-voltage, prevent momentary pulse from disturbing and the function such as power down, guarantee controller does not break down in rugged environment.Therefore, the circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated H7805 of stable performance is adopted to realize voltage transitions.Circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated H7805 has three pins to export, and is input end, earth terminal and output terminal respectively.Form peripheral cell needed for stabilized voltage supply with H7805 little, only need 4 electric capacity, inside circuit also has the protection circuit of overcurrent, overheated and Correctional tube, and it is reliable, convenient to use.In actual applications, circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated is installed enough large heating radiator, when stabilivolt temperature is too high, voltage regulation performance will be deteriorated, and even damage.The output voltage being input as accumulator of circuit, exports as 5V, as controller power source.Realize the function of automatic following control system, also need-5V power supply, the ICL7660 chip of employing and peripheral circuit carry out the conversion between positive and negative 5V voltage.
Serial communication refers to that between the transmit leg of communication and take over party, the transmission of data message is in single bus, with each bit movement, its only needs a pair transmission line carry out transmission information, and therefore its cost is low, is applicable to telecommunication.Serial communication has asynchronous communication and synchronous communication two kinds of basic communication modes, and synchronous communication is applicable to the high situation of transfer rate, and its hardware is complicated, and asynchronous communication is applied to transfer rate between 50 to 19200 bauds, is the load mode relatively commonly used.When serial communication, require that communication two party all adopts a standard interface, different equipment can be coupled together easily and carry out communication.
RS-232C standard is a kind of serial communication the most frequently used at present, the serial binary that this standard is applicable between data communications equipment with data terminal equipment communicates, maximum data transmission rate can reach 19.2kbps, most long pass power transmission cable can reach 15 meters, RS-232C standard defines 25 lead-in wires, for general two-way communication, only need use serial input RXD, Serial output TXD and ground wire GND, the level of RS mono-232C standard adopts negative logic, any level between regulation+3V ~+15V is logical zero level, any level between-3V ~-15V is logical one level, different from TTL and CMOS level, it is mostly TTL or CMOS level in interface circuit and computer interface chip, so when communicating, level conversion must be carried out, so that with the level match of RS-232C standard, MAX232 chip can complete level conversion.
MAX232 chip periphery needs 4 electrochemical capacitors, is the electric capacity required for internal conversion, all selects the electric capacity of 10 microfarads, and as far as possible near chip.Pin TllN, T2IN, RlOUT, R2OUT of MAX232 are the pin of TTL/CMOS level, pin T10UT, T20UT, RllN, R2IN are the pin connecing RS-232C level, select second tunnel of MAX232 to carry out sending and accepting, therefore the TZIN pin of TTL/CMOS level meets the serial transmission pin TXD of STC89C52RC controller; R20UT meets controller serial received pin RXD, and the T2OUT of RS232C level corresponding with it meets the receiving end RD of PC; R2IN meets the transmitting terminal TD of PC.Because MAX232 chip has driving force, therefore do not need additional driving circuit.
STC89C52RC controller carries A/D modular converter, usually the functions such as key scan, battery voltage detection, detection of power loss, volume detection and frequency spectrum detection can be completed, A/D modular converter of the present invention, major function is the input voltage and the light intensity input signal that gather main loop module, after carrying out A/D conversion, send into controller and carry out computing and monitoring, the sampling period is determined by main control chip.Precision required by light detects is higher, therefore the A/D translation function adopting STC89C52RC controller to carry is difficult to reach requirement of the present invention.The present invention adopts ICL7135 as A/D conversion chip, and it is the double integration A/D converter of a kind of four and half, has the advantages such as precision is high, cheap, antijamming capability is strong.ICL7135 has the resolution of positive and negative 20000 numbers, and has binary-coded decimal and STB gating signal to export, and the present invention utilizes the BUSY of ICL7135 output signal to be connected with controller.
In frequency dividing circuit, chip 74HC393 meets controller ALE and holds, the pulsed frequency that ALE end produces will be 1/6 of crystal oscillator frequency, according to the characteristic of 74HC393, the output frequency of its 4th port is 1/4 of ALE end, this output is connected to the CLK port of 74HC393 and Tl (P3.5) port of STC89C52RC controller.Based on the consideration of transfer admittance, the reference voltage of 74HC393 generally adopts high-accuracy stable power supply to supply, and the constant voltage circuit be therefore made up of TL431 and peripheral devices provides the reference voltage of 1V for ICL7135.
Because the present invention is installed on field, environment is often more severe and complicated, and controller inevitably will be subject to the impact of interference from outside and various electrical Interference.Input, output error may be there is in this Time Controller, even can interfere with program pointer PC, make it make a mistake, no-operation code just is likely used as operational code to perform by that by mistake, program can be caused to perform confusion and even to enter endless loop, system cannot normally be run.Therefore how to find how system cloud gray model, tackle the flow direction of out of control program if being interfered, making program include normal orbit in is the problem that must solve in controller application system.Therefore utilizing the watchdog function of STC89C52RC controller, preventing program to be absorbed in endless loop when performing.House dog is in fact a sequential monitoring timer, and its timing is changeless, once timing arrives, produce and interrupt or export a pulse, force controller to reset, program pointer PC recovers initial value, thus program recovery is normally run.Therefore when controller normally works, program constantly timing arrive before to timer reset, timer would not produce interruption or overflow pulse.If there is endless loop because of interference, timer can not reset in time, and timing arrives, and can produce and interrupts or export a pulse, forces controller to reset.Watchdog technique is used can effectively to solve because disturbing the problem causing endless loop in the controller.STC89C52RC controller is integrated with hardware watchdog therein, controls WatchDog Timer by house dog special function register.In STC89C52RC WatchDog Timer special function register, EN_WDT is that house dog allows position, and when being set to " 1 ", house dog starts.CLR_WDT is watchdog zero clearing position, and when being set to " 1 ", house dog will count again, and hardware is by this position of automatic clear.Pre-frequency division value can be determined according to PSZ, PSI, PSO setting value, the spilling time of house dog can be calculated.The formula calculating the house dog spilling time is:
The house dog time of overflowing=(pre-frequency division value * N*32768)/crystal oscillator frequency
Work as N=12, elect 12 clock modules as; As N=6, elect 6 clock modules as.The crystal oscillator frequency of native system selects 11.0592MHz, and two electric capacity all select the electric capacity of 33pF.If select 12 clock modules, overflow the computing formula of time according to house dog, can show that the house dog under different pre-frequency division value overflows the time.
The present invention, when carrying out looking daily motion tracking, needs elevation angle and position angle that correct time just can determine the sun sometime, therefore needs design real time clock circuit correct time could be input to controller and processes.Clock chip selects DS12887, and this chip adopts CMOS technology to make, and has inner crystal oscillator and clock chip backup clang battery, adopts the clock circuit of DS12887 chip design not need any peripheral circuit and device, and have good microcomputer interface.DS12887 chip has the advantages such as Micro Energy Lose, peripheral interface is simple, accuracy is high, working stability is reliable.
The major function of DS12887 clock chip has: the clock and the calendar that can be used as PC; Can be more than work for 10 years when there is no external power source, not obliterated data; Carry crystal oscillator and lithium battery; Can calculate the second before 2100, point, hour, week, day, the moon, year 7 kinds of calendar informations, and have leap year compensate function; Binary numeral or binary-coded decimal represent time, calendar and alarm clock; 12 and 24 hours two kinds of standards, 12 hr clock patterns indicate with PM and AM; Motorola and Intel bus timing is selected; 128 byte ram cell and software interfaces, wherein 14 bytes are clock unit and control/status register, and n4 byte is general RAM, can be used by user, and all ram cell data all have power-down protection; Square wave able to programme exports; Look-at-me exports IRQ and bus compatible, and timing inter ruption, periodic interruptions, clock update cycle end interrupt respectively by software masking, also can carry out set test respectively.
The electric signal that light sensor exports mainly is carried out amplification ratio comparatively by light intensity detection circuit, then deviation signal is delivered to controller and processes, thus control execution unit is followed the tracks of the elevation angle of the sun and position angle.The present invention has used 5 phototriodes, it be all fixed on a foursquare flat board, foursquare center is placed photodiode DO, Dl, D2 horizontal direction and is placed, and D3, D4 vertically place, separate with baffle plate between each sensor, 5 photosensitive tubes and plate edge leave interval.The square boxes body of flat board by a lighttight lower opening is covered, its lower edge just in time with the coincident of square plate.The top of square frame body covers with transparent glass, so that light can pass through, and central point is used opaque material blocks, its diameter is identical with the diameter of light sensor DO, and DO is positioned at and blocks immediately below circle.Whole optical detection device is fixed in the plane parallel with photovoltaic battery matrix, makes foursquare edge parallel with vertical direction with level.When sunlight is injected, first carried out the light-intensity test of horizontal direction by Dl and D2, complete solar azimuth angle tracking.Then carried out the light-intensity test of vertical direction by D3 and D4, complete the tracking of sun altitude.Whether the effect of DO meets level and the result after vertically following the tracks of to judge, suppose after tracking adjustment not just to the sun, under then a part of DO can be exposed to light, so just have electric signal to produce, if this electric signal is greater than preset value, then think to follow the tracks of and do not complete, need proceed to follow the tracks of.
When illumination is mapped on optical detection device, phototriode Dl and D2 is owing to being subject to illumination conducting, and the voltage at its two ends will change to some extent, but the amplitude of change is different, uses triode to be amplified by the electric signal of generation.The voltage at the voltage follower two ends be made up of integrated transporting discharging LM358 and electric capacity keeps equal, can effectively avoid influencing each other between the circuit of front and back.The difference of two-way voltage is amplified by differential amplifier.The voltage of comparator output terminal is compared with reference voltage, if input terminal voltage is higher than reverse input end in the same way, then exports as high, otherwise be low.Reference voltage can precision as required regulate.Adding triode can intensifier circuit driving force.Finally the result K compared is sent into controller, if K is low level, then think that system needs to regulate, controller sends control signal and controls electric machine rotation, until aim at the sun in the horizontal direction.If comparative result K is high level, motor is without the need to rotating.
Stepper motor is a kind of is the topworks of angular displacement by electroporation, when step actuator receives a pulse signal, it rotates a fixing angle with regard to Driving Stepping Motor by the direction of setting, be called " step angle ", its rotation runs step by step with fixing angle, pilot angle displacement can be carried out by gating pulse number, thus reach the object of accurately location.Speed and the acceleration of electric machine rotation can be controlled simultaneously by gating pulse frequency, thus reach the object of speed governing.Stepper motor can, as a kind of specific type of electric machine controlled, utilize it not have the feature of accumulated error to be widely used in various opened loop control.Inductor type stepper motor is compared with traditional reaction stepping motor, and structure upper rotor part is added with permanent magnet, to provide the working point of soft magnetic material, and stator excitatory need provide the magnetic field of change and need not provide the power consumption of magnetic material working point, therefore this electric efficiency is high, and electric current is little, generates heat low.Because of the existence of permanent magnet, this motor has stronger back-emf, and himself damping action is relatively good, make its in operation process relatively steadily, noise is low, low-frequency vibration is little.
Native system adopts CW-220 type driving stepper motor module, and it is wide that this driver module is suitable for voltage range, adopts high frequency constant current chopper, and pulse-width modulation type drives.Adopt segmentation to overcome low-frequency jitter, improve running frequency and run moment.Operation characteristic is good, and automatic semi-fluid locking, reliability is high.Its characteristic mainly contains: input voltage is 20 ~ 40VDC single-voltage-supply cmos; Phase current can regulate between 0 ~ 1.5A; Full bridge PWM mini-step controlling pattern; The method of operation has half step, 1/8 step two kinds; There is overheating protection; Running environment is temperature one 30 ~ 40 DEG C, humidity <90%.
Microcontroller of the present invention mainly completes photoelectric tracking and looks daily motion track following.When early morning, the sun rose time, tracking means is in the reference position of tracking, carries out the initialization of program.After completing initialization, system can judge weather condition now, the voltage detecting photovoltaic cell two ends is mainly relied on to judge, from the characteristic of photovoltaic cell, intensity of illumination is higher, the voltage at cell panel two ends is larger, if the voltage recorded exceeds threshold value, then thinks that the light intensity of solar irradiation reaches the condition of carrying out photoelectric tracking.If through detecting the intensity of illumination not reaching regulation, then system auto-steering looks the program of daily motion track following.No matter be which kind of tracking mode, controller all automatically can record and drive to motor the umber of pulse sent, and the angle also with regard to being equivalent to turn over tracking means carries out record.The way that the present invention adopts intermittent to follow the tracks of, namely follows the tracks of at regular intervals again, instead of continual Continuous Tracking, saves cost of electricity-generating so to a great extent and can not affect the accuracy of tracking.In order to avoid more weak due to light when dusk and the system erroneous judgement caused, azimuthal tracking means has been installed two position switchs, when entering tracking coda, once touch position switch Kl, stepper motor will rotate by contrary direction, until touch the position switch K2 of starting position, terminate the tracking of this day.
The program operation process of photoelectric tracking module: can produce voltage signal after light sensor is subject to solar irradiation, if the intensity of illumination dropped in different sensors is different, the magnitude of voltage that they produce is not identical yet.In the horizontal direction, light sensor Dl and D2 produces different magnitudes of voltage, two magnitudes of voltage are carried out differential amplification, and its difference and preset value are compared, this preset value can be obtained by test of many times, if difference is greater than preset value, the then output terminal of horizontal direction light intensity detection circuit, namely the P1.1 mouth voltage of controller is just low level, this Time Controller sends gating pulse makes stepper motor Ml rotate forward, direction of motion due to sun horizontal direction is that therefore motor M l just can complete Bearings tracking without the need to reversion from east orientation west.Motor M l rotates until tracking means aims at the sun in the horizontal direction, till namely the output end voltage agate of horizontal direction light intensity detection circuit is high level.After position angle has adjusted, again the angle of pitch is adjusted, its principle is substantially identical with azimuthal method of adjustment, but the elevation angle due to the sun first increases to reduce again, and namely the sun first raises and declines, and therefore motor M 2 turned clockwise in the period in the morning, and the period in the afternoon will along being rotated counterclockwise, can be carried out the control of motor by Pl.2 and the Pl.3 mouth of controller, P1.2 is low level, and motor rotates forward.PL1.3 is low level, motor reversal.After the tracking of solar azimuth and elevation angle, program will enter the Qualify Phase of tracking results, and the proof scheme of light sensor DO and surrounding component composition is tested to the result of following the tracks of, if tracking results meets the requirements, program can enter holding state, waits for and following the tracks of next time.If but tracking results is beyond the scope of regulation, proof scheme will drag down the level of controller Pl.0 port, such program just can proceed to tracking mode again, re-starts the tracking of position angle and elevation angle, until the result meets the requirements.Be in course of adjustment, the angle of program to electric machine rotation stores, and proceeds to the angle turned over depending on accurate calculation element during daily motion track following mode with box lunch.When photoelectric tracking, program has often successfully carried out a secondary tracking, will proceed to holding state wait and follow the tracks of next time.The stand-by time of current setting is 10 minutes, and after 10 minutes, program can carry out new tracking once.When light condition is inadequate, program proceeds to automatically looks daily motion track following mode.
Depending on daily motion track following mode be photoelectric tracking pattern favourable supplement, the same day cyclostrophic become, when photoelectric tracking method loses tracking power, played its peculiar advantage.Algorithm depending on daily motion track following mode adopts the horizontal system of coordinates, the time of program by input, the inquiry of latitude and declination angle, the pulse number of needs is calculated according to the step angle of stepper motor, then controller sends the pulse signal of respective numbers to motor driver, and drive motor rotates corresponding angle.All follow the tracks of in level and vertical direction depending on daily motion track following and photoelectric tracking simultaneously.System starts every certain time interval, carries out a secondary tracking to elevation angle and position angle.Controller sends CP pulse and direction level signal every certain time interval to stepper motor driver.The rotational angle of stepper motor output shaft can be calculated by the rotational angle of cell panel and the ratio of gear of mechanical hook-up.The step angle of the stepper motor that the present invention selects after 1/8 segmentation is all 0.2250.
Claims (5)
1. photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system, is characterized in that:
Driven by controller, light intensity detection circuit, stepper motor and motor and form;
After the signal that described controller is used for detecting according to light intensity detection circuit processes, input to stepper motor through motor-drive circuit, and then drive exterior operator;
The electric signal that light intensity detection circuit is used for light sensor exports carries out amplification ratio comparatively, then deviation signal is delivered to controller and processes, thus control execution unit is followed the tracks of the elevation angle of the sun and position angle;
Motor drives the pulse signal Driving Stepping Motor sent according to controller, and Driving Stepping Motor rotates corresponding angle;
Stepper motor, under motor-driven driving, rotates a fixing angle by the direction of setting.
2. photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The peripheral circuit of described controller comprises power supply, serial communication, A/D modular converter and frequency dividing circuit;
The circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated H7805 of described power acquisition stable performance realizes voltage transitions, and employing ICL7660 chip and peripheral circuit carry out the conversion between positive and negative 5V voltage;
Described serial communication adopts MAX232 chip to realize level conversion;
Described A/D modular converter adopts ICL7135;
Described frequency dividing circuit adopts chip 74HC393.
3. photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described microcontroller completes photoelectric tracking and looks daily motion track following; First carry out initialization, then judge weather by monitoring photovoltaic cell both end voltage, if the voltage recorded exceeds threshold value, then carry out photoelectric tracking, otherwise auto-steering looks daily motion track following.
4. photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system according to claim 3, is characterized in that:
The information that described photoelectric tracking is obtained by light intensity detection circuit, microcontroller sends gating pulse makes stepper motor Ml rotate forward, and the direction of motion due to sun horizontal direction is that therefore motor M l just can complete Bearings tracking without the need to reversion from east orientation west; Motor M l rotates until aim at the sun in the horizontal direction, till namely the output end voltage of horizontal direction light intensity detection circuit is high level; Elevation angle due to the sun first increases to reduce again, namely the sun first raises and declines, therefore motor M 2 turned clockwise in the period in the morning, and the period in the afternoon will along being rotated counterclockwise, can be carried out the control of motor by Pl.2 and the Pl.3 mouth of controller, P1.2 is low level, and motor rotates forward, PL1.3 is low level, motor reversal; Enter the Qualify Phase of tracking results, the proof scheme of light sensor DO and surrounding component composition is tested to the result of following the tracks of, if tracking results meets the requirements, program can enter holding state, waits for and following the tracks of next time; If but tracking results is beyond the scope of regulation, proof scheme will drag down the level of controller Pl.0 port, just can proceed to tracking mode again, re-start the tracking of position angle and elevation angle, until the result meets the requirements.
5. photovoltaic generating automatic tracking system according to claim 3, is characterized in that:
Described daily motion track following mode of looking adopts the horizontal system of coordinates, by the time of input, the inquiry of latitude and declination angle, the pulse number of needs is calculated according to the step angle of stepper motor, then controller sends the pulse signal of respective numbers to motor driver, and drive motor rotates corresponding angle.
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| CN109164834A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-08 | 安徽天尚清洁能源科技有限公司 | A kind of automatic correcting method and system of photovoltaic tracking system error |
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| CN104932560A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 南昌大学 | Solar dual-axis tracking system based on multi-source information fusion |
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