CN105301649B - Converted wave migration velocity modeling device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of converted wave migration velocity modeling device, including：Abstraction module, the first analysis module, the second analysis module, the first computing module, acquisition module, the second computing module, correction module, the 3rd analysis module, the 4th analysis module, the 3rd computing module, modeling module, by calculating the anisotropic parameters of P ripples respectively and calculating the anisotropic parameters of S ripples, and with the P ripples migration velocity after renewal, P ripples anisotropic parameters, S ripples migration velocity, S ripple anisotropic parameterses, the anisotropy pre-stack time migration of PP ripples and PS ripples is modeled.By the present invention, to solve the problem of modeling of anisotropy migration imaging is difficult.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a converted wave migration velocity modeling device.
Background
The multi-component prestack migration comprises time migration and depth migration, the prestack depth migration can adapt to more complex geological conditions, and the uniqueness characteristic of the stratum depth is utilized to image the converted wave in a depth domain, so that the imaging precision is improved, and the subsequent multi-component interpretation is facilitated. However, at present, multi-component prestack depth migration only remains in research of model data, and no industrial application result with good effect is seen. The development of prestack time migration techniques has not been long, but both isotropic and anisotropic migration methods have been developed.
The converted wave isotropic migration method mainly comprises the following steps: equivalent offset method, virtual offset method, common shot point record prestack phase shift offset and the like. The converted wave anisotropic prestack time migration mainly includes: precision travel time anisotropic prestack time migration, anisotropic double square root equation prestack time migration, (Li Xiangyang) LXY improved double square root equation prestack time migration. The LXY improved double square root equation prestack time migration is widely applied internationally, but the method is complex in speed analysis, four parameter spectrums need to be picked up simultaneously, and the conventional commercialized speed analysis software cannot perform the operation in the aspect. Other anisotropic prestack time migration approaches have not been widely used due to the complexity of the operation or the low accuracy of the time-distance curve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a converted wave offset velocity modeling device to solve the problem of difficulty in anisotropic offset imaging modeling.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus, including an extraction module, a first analysis module, an acquisition module, a second analysis module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module, a correction module, a third analysis module, a fourth analysis module, a third calculation module, and a modeling module, where the extraction module extracts and outputs a CIG trace set of a PP wave; the first analysis module is connected with the extraction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG trace set of the PP wave by a first offset distance section to obtain a first offset speed; the second analysis module is connected with the extraction module and used for analyzing the offset speed of the P wave by a second offset distance section to obtain a second offset speed; the first calculation module is connected with the first analysis module and the second analysis module, and calculates the anisotropy parameters of the P wave at the first offset speed and the second offset speed; the acquisition module is connected with the first calculation module, converts the P wave offset speed into the PS wave time according to the first longitudinal and transverse wave offset speed ratio, and offsets by using the isotropic double square root time distance to obtain the CIG trace set of the PS wave; the second calculation module is connected with the acquisition module, translates the shot point and the demodulator probe of the PS wave to symmetrical positions, analyzes the CIG gather of the PS wave by the first offset distance section to calculate a second longitudinal-transverse wave speed ratio, and converts the offset speed and the anisotropic parameters of the P wave to PS wave time by the second longitudinal-transverse wave speed ratio; the correction module is connected with the second calculation module, the anisotropic parameter of the S wave is set to be 0, the CIG channel set of the PS wave is obtained by shifting the time-distance curve of the PS wave, and the time-distance curve of the CIG channel set of the PS wave is corrected into a hyperbolic time-distance curve; the third analysis module is connected with the correction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave by the first offset distance section to obtain a third offset speed; the fourth analysis module is connected with the correction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave by the second offset distance section to obtain a fourth offset speed; the third calculation module is connected with the third and fourth analysis modules and calculates the anisotropic parameters of the S wave at the third and fourth offset speeds; the modeling module is connected with the third calculating module to model the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave by the updated P wave migration speed, P wave anisotropic parameters, S wave migration speed and S wave anisotropic parameters.
The method respectively calculates the anisotropy parameters of the P wave and the S wave, and models the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave by using the updated P wave migration speed, P wave anisotropy parameters, S wave migration speed and S wave anisotropy parameters, so that the obtained parameters are more accurate, and the problem of difficulty in anisotropic migration imaging modeling is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relationship of a source point, a receiving point, and an imaging point according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of output trace shift imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of shot point translation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is another block diagram of a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a converted wave offset velocity modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a converted wave offset velocity modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of a theoretical time distance curve and an actual time distance curve of a PP wave;
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of the residual time difference between the theoretical time distance curve and the actual time distance curve of the PP wave;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the theoretical time interval curve of PS wave with the actual time interval curve;
fig. 11 is a graph comparing the residual time difference between the PS wave theoretical time distance curve and the actual time distance curve.
Detailed Description
The method has the main idea that the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP waves and the PS waves is modeled by respectively calculating the anisotropic parameters of the P waves and the anisotropic parameters of the S waves and by using the updated P wave migration speed, the P wave anisotropic parameters, the S wave migration speed and the S wave anisotropic parameters, so that the obtained parameters are accurate, and the problem of difficulty in anisotropic migration imaging modeling is solved.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First, for P-waves, a relatively precise time-distance curve formula in a transversely isotropic (VTI) medium, as shown in formula (1.1), is:
where t is the travel time of the reflected P-wave with offset x, t0Is a two-way trip with zero offset. VnmoIs the NMO velocity of the P-wave, η is the anisotropy parameter of the P-wave velocity, which describes the dynamic correction velocity VnmoVelocity V in the horizontal directionhAs shown in equation (1.2):
therefore, by calculating equation (1.2), equation (1.3) can be obtained as follows:
introducing variable z ═ Vnmot0To express the imaging depth by/2, the formula (1.1) can be rewritten as the formula (1.4) as follows:
for PP waves, as shown in FIG. 1, assume that half of the offset x is xP(i.e. the distance between the shot point S and the projection point C in FIG. 1 orIs the distance between the projection point C and the detector point R), the angle of incidence θPThe relationship with offset and imaging depth is shown in equation (1.5):
then equation (1.4) can be rewritten as equation (1.6) as follows:
for a single pass P-wave, some new variables are introduced: vP＝Vnmo，tP＝t/2，t0P＝t0/2 and ηPWhen formula (1.6) is substituted into η, formula (1.7) is obtained as follows:
likewise, one-way S-wave travel time tsHas a similar form as shown in equation (1.8):
wherein, t0SIs the one-way travel time of the zero offset S wave, xSIs the half offset of the SS wave (for the PS wave, the distance between the projection of the imaging point on the earth's surface and the point of emergence), VSIs the NMO velocity of the S wave, ηSIs the anisotropy parameter of the S-wave velocity. Exit angle θ of S waveSHas the relation as shown in formula (1.9):
combining the equations (1.7) and (1.8), the anisotropic travel time t of the PS wave can be obtainedPSIs expressed as shown in equation (1.10):
in addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the seismic wave excited by the seismic source S is scattered at a point O in the ground and then transmitted to a point R of a surface geophone, the projection of the point O on the ground is a point C, wherein the velocity of the downward wave is vdAnisotropy parameter of ηdSC distance is xd(ii) a Velocity of the upward wave is vuAnisotropy parameter of ηuCR distance is xu. The imaging point depth is z, the expression of the anisotropic travel time t of seismic waves propagating between SORs is shown in equation (1.11):
in the above formula, when the subscript "d" and "u" are both "P", they can be regarded as the scattering wave travel time equation of PP wave; if the subscripts "d" and "u" are "P" and "S", respectively, it can be considered as the scattering wave travel time equation of the PS wave. The imaging angle must be satisfied regardless of the wave field type
In three-dimensional space, a semi-ellipsoid (the cross section of which is shown as a dotted semi-ellipse AO1OO2B in fig. 2) exists, and the travel time of seismic waves excited by a seismic source S propagating to any point on the semi-ellipsoid and then returning to the point R of the surface geophone is t. The amplitude of the seismic trace at the position of the detector R at the time t can be moved to any point on the semi-ellipsoid, so that output trace diffraction integral superposition can be realized.
Since a high-angle diffraction arc exists on the dashed semiellipse AO1OO2B, and a high-angle part forms strong diffraction noise in the migration process, the migration requires the installation of an aperture. As shown in FIG. 2, the aperture of the PP wave is set around point C (CMP point), and the aperture of the earth's surface D0Minimum, the aperture increases with increasing depth, the aperture extension direction forms an angle of α with the vertical direction, and at depth Z, the aperture DzCan be expressed by equation (1.12) as follows:
Dz＝D0+2z tanα， (1.12)
for PS waves, the aperture is set around the CCP point.
Hereinafter, the anisotropic offset velocity modeling of the PP wave and the PS wave will be described.
Modeling the anisotropic offset speed of the PP wave:
(1) the isotropic method is used for extracting the CIG gather of the PP waves, and for the VTI medium, the seismic wave speed of the polarization direction transmitted along the bedding surface is greater than that of the seismic wave speed of the polarization direction transmitted perpendicular to the bedding surface. Since the velocity anisotropy of the P-wave is not corrected, the far offset of the CIG gather obtained by the isotropic method will "warp" from the in-phase axis and carry more anisotropic information.
(2) Inputting the CIG gather into the conventional P wave velocity, and selecting a near offset section of 0-x0Calculating a velocity spectrum, and analyzing the velocity to obtain VPThis velocity is closer to the isotropic P-wave excursion velocity.
(3) Selecting far offset segment x1～x2Regenerating the velocity spectrum, analyzing the velocity to obtain VP1Taking the corresponding offset
(4) Computingz＝VPt0And/2, calculating the P wave imaging angle sin by using the formula (1.5)2θP。
(5) Calculation ηPUsing equation (1.13), as follows:
the 5 steps can directly complete the anisotropic velocity analysis of the P wave based on a conventional P wave processing system through a non-iterative method, and the obtained parameters are directly applied to a formula (1.11) to realize the anisotropic offset of the P wave.
Modeling of anisotropic offset velocity of PS wave:
(1) the analysis result of the anisotropic migration velocity of the P wave is assumed to be known and is relatively accurate; assuming a fixed longitudinal-transverse wave deflection velocity ratio, converting the P-wave velocity field into the PS wave T0 time domain, performing isotropic deflection by using the formula (1.14), and outputting the CIG trace set of the PS wave, wherein the formula (1.14) is as follows:
wherein, tPS1When the PS wave travels isotropically.
(2) As shown in FIG. 3, the near offset segments 0-x of the PS-wave CIG gather are selected0The seismic wave excited by the seismic source S is reflected at an underground imaging O point and then transmitted to an R point of an earth surface geophone, the projection of the O point on the earth surface is a C point, and the propagation velocity of the longitudinal wave is VP(ii) a Propagation velocity of transverse wave is VS. Assume SC distance is xPCR distance xSAnd the CO distance is Z, the travel time equation of seismic wave propagation between SORs is shown as a formula (1.14). Keeping the distance between the SRs constant (i.e. the offset h is constant), and moving the SRs toOne side of the detector is translated to an S 'R', the S 'and the R' are respectively the virtual points of S, R, C is the middle point of the S 'R', the half of the distance between the S 'R' is h, and the time t of the cig trace collection of the PS wave is tPS1Corrected to tPS2As shown in equation (1.15):
using formula (1.15), time shifting the PS wave CIG trace set calculated in step (1), the time shifting method isThus obtaining the PS wave CIG gather which satisfies the time distance characteristic of the formula (1.15).
(3) Order toThe form of equation (1.15) may be changed to equation (1.16) as follows:
therefore, the CIG trace set of the PS wave after time shift can be subjected to V by using the conventional P wave velocityCVelocity analysis of (2).
(4) V analyzed in the time domain with PS wavesCConverting the P wave offset velocity field of the PP wave T0 time domain into an accurate longitudinal and transverse wave offset velocity ratio gamma, and converting the V of the PP wave T0 time domainPAnd ηPConversion into the PS wave T0 time domain.
(5) Suppose ηSTo be 0, the PS wave is anisotropically shifted using equation (1.17) to output a CIG gather, and equation (1.17) is as follows:
(6) the CIG gather of the PS wave is corrected to the anisotropic effect of the downlink P wave, and the time shifting method comprises the following stepsAt the moment, the time distance curve of the CIG gather of the PS wave meets the formula (1.15), and is only influenced by the anisotropic parameters of the uplink S wave.
(7) And (3) repeating the operation of the step (2), and correcting the time distance curve of the PS wave CIG gather into a completely hyperbolic curve.
(8) Selecting a near offset range of 0-x of a PS wave CIG gather1Calculating a velocity spectrum; velocity analysis to obtain VC。
(9) Selecting far offset segment x of PS wave CIG gather1～x2Recalculating the velocity spectrum; velocity analysis to obtain VC1Taking the corresponding offsetCalculating S-wave imaging angle
(10) Analysis gave VC1Will VCAnd VC1Substituting into the formula (1.18), respectively calculating VSAnd VS1And equation (1.18) is as follows:
(11) calculation ηSUsing equation (1.19), as follows:
v analyzed in time domain of new PS waveCP-wave offset velocity field conversion with PP-wave T0 time domainCalculating the accurate new longitudinal-transverse wave offset velocity ratio gamma, and converting the V of the PP wave T0 time domainPAnd ηPSwitching to the PS wave T0 time domain again; and the process is iterated, and the longitudinal wave and transverse wave offset velocity ratio and the anisotropic parameters of the S wave can be continuously updated. The iteration is stopped under the condition that equivalent C wave velocity spectrums picked up twice before and after are not obviously different, namely the whole anisotropic migration velocity modeling is completed. The obtained parameters are directly applied to the formula (1.11) to realize the anisotropic deviation of the PS wave.
While the above description has been provided to illustrate the related equations needed for implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be provided to illustrate the corresponding embodiments. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus 200 includes an extraction module 202, a first analysis module 204, a second analysis module 206, a first calculation module 208, an acquisition module 210, a second calculation module 212, a correction module 214, a third analysis module 216, a fourth analysis module 218, a third calculation module 220, and a modeling module 222.
The extraction module 202 extracts and outputs a CIG gather of PP waves.
The first analysis module 204 is connected to the extraction module 202, and performs speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PP wave at a first offset distance to obtain a first offset speed. Wherein the first offset section is, for example, the near offset section 0-x0。
The second analysis module 206 is connected to the extraction module 202, and analyzes the offset velocity of the P wave at a second offset distance to obtain a second offset velocity. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
The first calculation module 208 is connected to the first analysis module 204 and the second analysis module 206, and calculates the anisotropy parameter of the P-wave at the first and second offset velocities.
The obtaining module 210 is connected to the first calculating module 208, converts the P-wave offset velocity into the PS-wave time according to the first P-wave and P-wave offset velocity ratio, and uses isotropic bi-square root time distance offset to obtain the CIG gather of the PS-wave. The isotropic double square root time offset may be performed according to equation (1.14), for example.
The second calculating module 212 is connected to the obtaining module 210, translates the shot point and the geophone point of the PS wave to symmetrical positions, analyzes the CIG gather of the PS wave at the first offset distance section to calculate a second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and converts the offset velocity and the anisotropic parameter of the P wave to the PS wave time at the second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio. The second shear wave velocity ratio is, for example, the shear wave offset velocity ratio γ.
The correcting module 214 is connected to the second calculating module 212, sets the anisotropic parameter of the S-wave to 0, obtains the CIG trace set of the PS-wave by using the time-distance curve offset of the PS-wave, and corrects the time-distance curve of the CIG trace set of the PS-wave into a dual-curve time-distance curve.
The third analysis module 216 is connected to the correction module 214, and performs velocity analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave at the first offset distance to obtain a third offset velocity. Wherein the first offset distance is, for example, the near offset distance 0-x1。
The fourth analyzing module 218 is connected to the correcting module 214, and performs a velocity analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave at the second offset distance to obtain a fourth offset velocity. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
The third calculation module 220 is connected to the third analysis module 216 and the fourth analysis module 218, and calculates the anisotropy parameter of the S-wave at the third and fourth offset speeds.
The modeling module 222 is connected to the third calculating module 220 to model the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave by using the updated P-wave migration velocity, P-wave anisotropic parameter, S-wave migration velocity, and S-wave anisotropic parameter.
FIG. 5 is another block diagram of a converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The converted wave offset velocity modeling apparatus 300 includes an extraction module 202, a first analysis module 204, a second analysis module 206, a first calculation module 208, an acquisition module 210, a second calculation module 212, a correction module 214, a third analysis module 216, a fourth analysis module 218, a third calculation module 220, a modeling module 222, a determination module 302, and a control module 304. The connection relationship and operation of the extraction module 202, the first analysis module 204, the second analysis module 206, the first calculation module 208, the obtaining module 210, the second calculation module 212, the correction module 214, the third analysis module 216, the fourth analysis module 218, the third calculation module 220, and the modeling module 222 can refer to the embodiment of fig. 2, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted here.
The determining module 302 is connected to the third analyzing module 216 and the fourth analyzing module 218, and determines whether a difference between the current third and fourth offset speeds and the previous third and fourth offset speeds is smaller than a predetermined value, so as to generate a determining result.
The control module 304 is connected to the determining module 302, the extracting module 202, the first analyzing module 204, the second analyzing module 206, the first calculating module 208, the obtaining module 210, the second calculating module 212, the correcting module 214, the third analyzing module 216, the fourth analyzing module 218, the third calculating module 220, and the modeling module 222, so that when the difference is smaller than the predetermined value as a result of the determination, the extracting module 202, the first analyzing module 204, the second analyzing module 206, the first calculating module 208, the obtaining module 210, the second calculating module 212, the correcting module 214, the third analyzing module 216, the fourth analyzing module 218, the third calculating module 220, and the modeling module 222 are controlled to stop operating, that is, the anisotropic offset velocity modeling is completed.
When the difference is not smaller than the preset value as a result of the determination, the control module 304 controls the extraction module 202, the first analysis module 204, the second analysis module 206, the first calculation module 208, the obtaining module 210, the second calculation module 212, the correction module 214, the third analysis module 216, the fourth analysis module 218, the third calculation module 220, and the modeling module 222 to restart to modify the parameters through multiple iterations until the difference is smaller than the preset value.
In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a converted wave offset velocity modeling method.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a converted wave offset velocity modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Step S402, CIG gather of PP wave is extracted and output.
Step S404, carrying out speed analysis on the CIG trace set of the PP wave by using the first offset distance section to obtain a first offset speed. Wherein the first offset distance is, for example, the near offset distance 0-x1。
Step S406, analyzing the offset velocity of the P wave with a second offset distance section to obtain a second offset velocity. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
Step S408, calculating the anisotropy parameter of the P wave according to the first and the second offset speeds. Wherein the anisotropy parameters of the P-wave are calculated as solved according to equation (1.13).
Step S410, convert the P-wave offset velocity to PS-wave time with the first vertical-horizontal wave offset velocity ratio, and offset with isotropic double square root time distance to obtain CIG gather of PS-wave.
Step S412, translating the shot point and the demodulator probe of the PS wave to the symmetrical positions, analyzing the CIG gather of the PS wave by the first offset distance section to convert a second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and converting the offset velocity and the anisotropic parameters of the P wave to PS wave time by the second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio.
And S414, setting the anisotropic parameter of the S wave to be 0, obtaining a CIG (common integrated circuit) gather of the PS wave by using the time-distance curve offset of the PS wave, and correcting the time-distance curve of the CIG gather of the PS wave into a dual-curve time-distance curve.
Step S416, performing velocity analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave at the first offset distance to obtain a third offset velocity. Wherein the first offset distance is, for example, the near offset distance 0-x1。
And step S418, performing speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave by using the second offset distance section to obtain a fourth offset speed. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
Step S420, calculating an anisotropic parameter of the S-wave at the third and fourth offset speeds. The anisotropy parameters of the P-wave are calculated as solved according to equation (1.19).
And step S422, modeling the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave by using the updated P wave migration speed, P wave anisotropic parameter, S wave migration speed and S wave anisotropic parameter.
FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a converted wave offset velocity modeling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Step S402, CIG gather of PP wave is extracted and output.
Step S404, carrying out speed analysis on the CIG trace set of the PP wave by using the first offset distance section to obtain a first offset speed. Wherein the first offset distance is, for example, the near offset distance 0-x1。
Step S406, analyzing the offset velocity of the P wave with a second offset distance section to obtain a second offset velocity. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
Step S408, calculating the anisotropy parameter of the P wave according to the first and the second offset speeds. Wherein the anisotropy parameters of the P-wave are calculated as solved according to equation (1.13).
Step S410, convert the P-wave offset velocity to PS-wave time with the first vertical-horizontal wave offset velocity ratio, and offset with isotropic double square root time distance to obtain CIG gather of PS-wave.
Step S412, translating the shot point and the demodulator probe of the PS wave to the symmetrical positions, analyzing the CIG gather of the PS wave by the first offset distance section to convert a second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and converting the offset velocity and the anisotropic parameters of the P wave to PS wave time by the second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio.
And S414, setting the anisotropic parameter of the S wave to be 0, obtaining a CIG (common integrated circuit) gather of the PS wave by using the time-distance curve offset of the PS wave, and correcting the time-distance curve of the CIG gather of the PS wave into a dual-curve time-distance curve.
Step S416, performing velocity analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave at the first offset distance to obtain a third offset velocity. Wherein the first offset distance is, for example, the near offset distance 0-x1。
And step S418, performing speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PS wave by using the second offset distance section to obtain a fourth offset speed. Wherein the second offset distance is, for example, the far offset distance x1～x2。
Step S420, calculating an anisotropic parameter of the S-wave at the third and fourth offset speeds. The anisotropy parameters of the P-wave are calculated as solved according to equation (1.19).
And step S422, modeling the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave by using the updated P wave migration speed, P wave anisotropic parameter, S wave migration speed and S wave anisotropic parameter.
Step S502, determining whether a difference between the current third and fourth offset speeds and the previous third and fourth offset speeds is smaller than a preset value, so as to generate a determination result. Wherein the objective function can be solved using equation (1.3).
Step S504, when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the extraction module, the first analysis module, the second analysis module, the first calculation module, the second calculation module, the correction module, the third analysis module, the fourth analysis module, the third calculation module, and the modeling module are controlled to stop operating, that is, the anisotropic offset velocity modeling is completed.
Step S506, when the difference is not smaller than the preset value as a result of the determination, returning to step S402 to control the extraction module, the first analysis module, the second analysis module, the first calculation module, the second calculation module, the correction module, the third analysis module, the fourth analysis module, the third calculation module, and the modeling module to restart operation, and modify the parameters through multiple iterations until the difference is smaller than the preset value.
The following is a description of the comparison of the time-distance curve equation used in the present invention with other equations.
1. Several equations describing the PP wave time distance curve
1.1 hyperbolic time-distance equation in isotropic media
Near vertical, the square of the reflected wave travel can be approximated by a Taylor series (Taner et al, 1969; Hake et al, 1984), as shown by equation (1.20):
t2＝A0+A2x2+A4x4+… (1.20)
wherein,
t0and when the double-pass vertical travel is carried out, x is the offset, and t refers to the corresponding reflected wave travel time when the offset is x. In conventional seismic data processing, hyperbolic approximation is generally adopted, and only the first two terms of Taylor series expansion are taken, that is, as shown in formula (1.21):
wherein, in a horizontally layered isotropic medium, VnmoEqual to the root mean square velocity.
1.2 non-hyperbolic time-space equation in weakly anisotropic media
A large number of subsurface media exhibit weak anisotropy (Thomsen, 1986), and in order to describe the normal moveout of reflected waves in weakly anisotropic media, a non-hyperbolic function must be used for description. A number of scholars (Hake et al, 1984; Tsvankin et al, 1994; Tsvankin, 1995) have worked in this regard to express the non-hyperbolic moveout in weakly anisotropic media as (Alkhalifah et al, 1995)
t is the travel time of the reflected P-wave with offset x, t0Is a two-way trip with zero offset. VnmoIs the NMO velocity of the P-wave, η is the anisotropy parameter of the P-wave velocity, which describes the dynamic correction velocity VnmoVelocity V in the horizontal directionhThe relationship of (a) is as follows:
therefore, the following formula can be obtained:
2. several equations describing the PS time-distance curve
2.1 hyperbolic time-distance equation in isotropic media
Even under the condition of a uniform and single horizontal reflecting layer, the time distance curve of the converted wave does not satisfy a hyperbolic equation, and the travel time of the converted wave in the horizontal layered medium can be approximately equivalent to the travel time of a pure wave mode. Thus, by analogy to the pure wave mode, Tessmer and Behle indicate that the converted wave travel time can be expressed in the form of a series, as shown in equation (1.23):
and indicates that when the offset is smaller than the depth of the reflecting layer, the travel time of the converted wave can be approximated by the first two terms of the series, as shown in equation (1.24):
wherein, t0cTo convert the travel time of the wave at zero offset (although in a homogeneous laminar medium, in the case of zero offset, no conversion of the wave mode takes place), VcX is the offset distance for the stacking velocity of the converted wave. The above formula is suitable for a small offset, and as the offset increases, the non-hyperbolic property of the converted wave travel time curve becomes more and more serious, and a relatively large error is generated.
2.2 Anisotropic hyperbolic time-distance curve equation
Tsvankin and Thomsen in 1994 comprehensively discuss the characteristics of a non-hyperbolic reflection time distance curve of a wave in an anisotropic medium, and based on Taylor expansion, a non-hyperbolic travel time formula (1.25) is proposed as follows:
wherein x is an offset distance, tATravel time, t, of a wavefield at an offset of x0For zero offset time, A2Is the inverse of the square of the root mean square velocity, VhFor the horizontal direction velocity of the wavefield, A4There are different expressions for different wavefields, and reference will be made below to P-SV wave A4Is described in (1). This formula applies to both the longitudinal wavelength offset data and the converted wave data. Thomsen (1999) proposes a converted wave non-hyperbolic time-distance curve formula (1.26) based on formula (25), as follows:
wherein,
in a homogeneous single-layer isotropic medium,
wherein x is an offset distance, tcIs the converted wave travel time t when the offset is xc0Travel time at zero offset, Vc2For conversion of root mean square velocity, Vp2Is the root mean square velocity of the longitudinal wave, VpIs the velocity of longitudinal wave, VsThe transverse wave velocity, gamma, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, and η are anisotropy parameters defined by Alkhalifah.
2.3VTI Medium converted wave time-distance curve
Li in 2003 gave a new equation for the transition wave time-distance curve, which is of the same form as equation (26), but given a different definition of a4, a5 than Thomsen. Under the condition of single-layer uniform and isotropic medium,
3. time distance curve accuracy comparison
In order to compare the accuracy of the three methods, a layered weak anisotropic medium model is selected, and the theoretical reflected wave travel time is obtained by utilizing a ray tracing method. These three time-space equations are then used to best fit the variation with offset of the reflected wave travel time.
TABLE 1 model (layered Anisotropic Medium model) parameters
| Layer number | Depth (m) | Layer thickness | VP0(m/s) | VS0(m/s) | ε | δ | γ |
| 1 | 200 | 200 | 2000 | 1000 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 2 | 600 | 400 | 2500 | 1250 | 0.16 | 0.1 | 0.08 |
| 3 | 900 | 300 | 3000 | 1500 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | 1400 | 500 | 3400 | 1700 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.1 |
| 5 | 1800 | 400 | 3800 | 1900 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.15 |
| 6 | 2100 | 300 | 4400 | 2200 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.1 |
| 7 | 2600 | 500 | 4500 | 2250 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| 8 | 3000 | 400 | 5000 | 2500 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.2 |
| 9 | 3300 | 300 | 3800 | 1900 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.15 |
| 10 | 3800 | 500 | 5000 | 2500 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
In Table 1, VP0Is the vertical velocity of the longitudinal wave, VS0The transverse wave vertical velocity, and γ represent the dielectric anisotropy coefficient.
Fig. 8 and 9 are a comparison graph of the theoretical time distance curve and the actual time distance curve of the PP wave and a comparison graph of the residual time difference, respectively. Wherein, reference 701 is an actual time distance curve, and reference 702 is a theoretical time distance curve generated by using the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the theoretical time-distance curve is closer to the actual time-distance curve after the anisotropy is considered.
Fig. 10 and 11 are graphs comparing PS wave time-distance curves and residual time differences, respectively. Wherein, reference numeral 901 is a theoretical time distance curve generated by the present invention, and reference numeral 902 is an actual time distance curve. As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the simulation result of the anisotropic double square root formula is closest to the real result and is far better than the simulation results of other formulas.
In summary, the parameters obtained by the method are accurate by respectively calculating the anisotropy parameters of the P wave and the anisotropy parameters of the S wave and modeling the anisotropic prestack time migration of the PP wave and the PS wave according to the updated P wave migration velocity, P wave anisotropy parameters, S wave migration velocity and S wave anisotropy parameters, so as to solve the problem of difficulty in anisotropic migration imaging modeling.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A converted-wave offset velocity modeling apparatus, comprising: the device comprises an extraction module, a first analysis module, a second analysis module, a first calculation module, an acquisition module, a second calculation module, a correction module, a third analysis module, a fourth analysis module, a third calculation module and a modeling module, wherein the extraction module extracts and outputs a CIG trace set of a PP wave; the first analysis module is connected with the extraction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PP wave by a first offset distance section to obtain a first offset speed; the second analysis module is connected with the extraction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the PP wave by a second offset distance section to obtain a second offset speed; the first calculation module is connected with the first analysis module and the second analysis module, and calculates the anisotropy parameters of the P wave at the first offset speed and the second offset speed; the acquisition module is connected with the first calculation module, converts the first and second migration speeds into a PS wave time domain according to a first longitudinal and transverse wave migration speed ratio, and uses isotropic double square root time distance migration to obtain a CIG trace set of a first PS wave; the second calculation module is connected with the acquisition module, translates the shot point and the demodulator probe of the PS wave to symmetrical positions, analyzes the CIG gather of the first PS wave by the first offset distance section to convert a second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio, and converts the first and second offset velocities and the anisotropic parameters of the P wave into a time domain of the PS wave by the second longitudinal-transverse wave velocity ratio; the correction module is connected with the second calculation module, the anisotropic parameter of the S wave is set to be 0, the CIG gather of the second PS wave is obtained by using the time-distance curve offset of the PS wave, and the time-distance curve of the CIG gather of the second PS wave is corrected into a hyperbolic time-distance curve; the third analysis module is connected with the correction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the second PS wave by the first offset distance section to obtain a third offset speed; the fourth analysis module is connected with the correction module and is used for carrying out speed analysis on the CIG gather of the second PS wave by the second offset distance section to obtain a fourth offset speed; the third calculation module is connected with the third and fourth analysis modules and calculates the anisotropic parameters of the S wave at the third and fourth offset speeds; the modeling module is connected with the third calculating module and used for modeling the anisotropic prestack time migration speed of the PP wave and the PS wave by using the first migration speed, the second migration speed, the P wave anisotropy parameter, the third migration speed, the fourth migration speed and the S wave anisotropy parameter.
2. The converted-wave migration velocity modeling apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: the judging module is connected with the third analyzing module and the fourth analyzing module and judges whether the difference between the current third and fourth offset speeds and the previous third and fourth offset speeds is smaller than a preset value or not so as to generate a judging result; the control module is connected with the judging module, the extracting module, the first analyzing module, the second analyzing module, the first calculating module, the second calculating module, the correcting module, the third analyzing module, the fourth analyzing module, the third calculating module and the modeling module, when the judgment result shows that the difference is smaller than the preset value, the extraction module, the first analysis module, the second analysis module, the first calculation module, the second calculation module, the correction module, the third analysis module, the fourth analysis module, the third calculation module and the modeling module are controlled to stop operating, and when the judgment result shows that the difference is not smaller than the preset value, the extraction module, the first analysis module, the second analysis module, the first calculation module, the second calculation module, the correction module, the third analysis module, the fourth analysis module, the third calculation module and the modeling module are controlled to restart.
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