CN105301221A - Test model for observing rock stratum surface displacement and manufacturing method of test model - Google Patents
Test model for observing rock stratum surface displacement and manufacturing method of test model Download PDFInfo
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- CN105301221A CN105301221A CN201510604903.5A CN201510604903A CN105301221A CN 105301221 A CN105301221 A CN 105301221A CN 201510604903 A CN201510604903 A CN 201510604903A CN 105301221 A CN105301221 A CN 105301221A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test model for observing rock stratum surface displacement. The test model comprises a test box, wherein at least one piece of observation glass is arranged on the test box; at least one layer of similar rock stratum similar to a rock stratum to be mined is cast in the test box, wherein an accommodating cavity is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the similar rock stratum and the observation glass; the accommodating cavity penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the similar rock stratum; a flexible waterproof layer is filled in the accommodating cavity; a plurality of displacement observation elements are separately arranged on the flexible waterproof layer; each displacement observation element comprises an observation surface and a main body part vertically connected with the observation surface; the main body part is arranged on the flexible waterproof layer; the tail part of the main body part is connected onto the upper surface of the similar rock stratum; the observation surface is arranged in a way of being tightly attached to the observation glass; the displacement observation elements can move along with the movement of the similar rock stratum. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the test model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of Mineral Engineering and hydraulic engineering, particularly relating to a kind of for observing test model of rock layer surface displacement and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The general layout that coal occupies the principal status of public economy in China's energy structure is difficult to quite over a long time change, and the environmental problem that meanwhile development and utilization of coal resources in China causes but becomes increasingly conspicuous.On the one hand, many places, China western rich coal area in arid and semiarid zone, shortage of water resources, simultaneously earth's surface ecology fragility; On the other hand, unavoidably mine water is produced in progress of coal mining, if deal with the destruction not only causing groundwater resource improperly, also can cause a series of harm such as stream runoff minimizing, water resource exhaustion, desertification, environmental pollution, surface subsidence simultaneously.Therefore, water conservation and surface environment are the key subjects that China's western coal development of resources faces.
Utilize coal mine gob to build groundwater reservoir, realize water-retaining production and be comprehensive utilization groundwater resource, protect water-bearing zone, Safety of Coal Mine Production and mine to discard the major action of rear underground water source recycling." green coal " is also national Vital Strategic Problems, will list the important research content of national science and technology key special subjects in.In groundwater reservoir design with in building, location, storehouse and dam site, storage capacity and characteristic level of water, underground water regulate and control and purify with water filtration, all depend on the infiltration coefficient of roof and floor Permeability of rock energy, water flowing fractured zone and slump body and the dynamic change of coefficient of storage and these parameters or variation features and rule; And these problems depend on the breakage of roof and floor rock mass and the physical features such as cranny development process and Evolution, damaged rock mass slump mode, scope, Deposition Types, LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION, pore size and distribution in Seam Mining process.At the scene under condition, be difficult to direct observation, viewing, accurately these physical features of test and related physical mechanics parameter, adopt large-scale water rock coupling physical model test to realize this purpose.
Under water rock coupling physical model test condition, model internal sensor bury complex procedures underground, difficulty is large, cost is high, simultaneously too much laying sensor also can cause harmful effect to the result of model test.How under air-proof condition, the real-time monitored of dynamic overall process is carried out to the surface displacement of water rock coupling model test and record is one of gordian technique difficult problem of water rock coupling model test, significant to the research of colliery lower storage reservoir relevant issues in a distributed manner.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, provide one under air-proof condition, test model of dynamically observation and preparation method thereof can be carried out to the surface displacement of rock stratum.
Technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of and comprises chamber for observing the test model of rock layer surface displacement, described chamber comprises at least one block of observation glass, builds the similar rock stratum that at least one deck is similar to rock stratum to be exploited in described chamber; Wherein, between the outer peripheral face in described similar rock stratum and described observation glass, be formed with accommodating cavity, the upper and lower surface of the through described similar rock stratum of described accommodating cavity; Flexible waterproof layer is filled with in described accommodating cavity; On described flexible waterproof layer, compartment of terrain is furnished with multiple displacement observation part, described displacement observation part comprises inspection surface and main part connected vertically with described inspection surface, described main part is arranged on described flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of described main part is connected on the described upper surface of described similar rock stratum, described inspection surface is close to described observation glass and is arranged, described displacement observation part can move along with the movement of described similar rock stratum.
Further, described observation glass is arranged around a circle of described chamber, correspondingly, described accommodating cavity is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum, and multiple described displacement observation part is arranged around a circle of the described flexible waterproof layer in the described accommodating cavity of annular.
Further, described accommodating cavity is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile in described similar depth of stratum direction, and at the upper surface from described similar rock stratum on the direction of lower surface, the distance between described observation glass and the described outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum diminishes gradually.
Further, similar rock stratum described in multilayer has been built in described chamber, described accommodating cavity is provided with between every layer of described similar rock stratum and described observation glass, all be filled with described flexible waterproof layer in each described accommodating cavity, every layer of described flexible waterproof layer be all furnished with multiple described displacement observation part.
Further, described inspection surface is circular steel disc, and described main part is sheet steel disc, the afterbody of described main part is provided with tail nail, and described main part is connected on described similar rock stratum by described tail nail.
Further, described inspection surface arranges layer of paint, and be provided with cross mark in described layer of paint.
Further, described flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
Further, described test model also comprises total powerstation or the 3D laser scanner for observing described inspection surface displacement.
Further, described similar rock stratum also comprises detachable cavity and forms template, and described accommodating cavity forms template by the described cavity removed from described similar rock stratum and formed.
Further, described cavity forms the longitudinal profile of template is wedge shape.
Technical solution of the present invention also provides a kind of for observing the method for making of the test model of rock layer surface displacement, comprises the steps: step 1: in chamber, install cavity near the side of observation glass form template; Step 2: build the similar rock stratum of one deck in described chamber; Step 3: after described similar rock stratum meets requirement of strength, removes described cavity and forms template, thus be formed with accommodating cavity between described observation glass to the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum; Step 4: fill full flexible waterproof layer in described accommodating cavity; Step 5: the uniform multiple displacement observation part in compartment of terrain on described flexible waterproof layer, the inspection surface of described displacement observation part is close to described observation glass to arrange, the main part of described displacement observation part is arranged on described flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of described main part is connected on the described upper surface of described similar rock stratum; And described displacement observation part can move along with the movement of described similar rock stratum.
Further, outside described chamber, install total powerstation or 3D laser scanner, record the displacement of described inspection surface by described total powerstation or described 3D laser scanner real-time monitored.
Further, in described chamber, similar rock stratum described in multilayer has been built successively according to described step 1 to described step 5.
Further, described observation glass is arranged around a circle of described chamber, correspondingly, described accommodating cavity is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum, and multiple described displacement observation part is arranged around a circle of the described flexible waterproof layer in the described accommodating cavity of annular.
Further, described accommodating cavity is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile in described similar depth of stratum direction, and at the upper surface from described similar rock stratum on the direction of lower surface, the distance between described observation glass and the described outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum diminishes gradually.
Further, described cavity forms the longitudinal profile of template is wedge shape.
Further, described inspection surface is circular steel disc, and described main part is sheet steel disc, the afterbody of described main part is provided with tail nail, and described main part is connected on described similar rock stratum by described tail nail.
Further, described inspection surface arranges layer of paint, and be provided with cross mark in described layer of paint.
Further, described flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
Adopt technique scheme, there is following beneficial effect:
Test model provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, by arranging displacement observation part between similar rock stratum and observation glass, displacement observation part can move along with the movement of similar rock stratum, thus by observing the dynamic process of above-mentioned displacement observation part, the dynamic overall process of the surface displacement of similar rock stratum can be learnt.
Test model provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, avoids the inner sensor of too much laying in similar rock stratum and causes adverse effect to model test result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test model provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 installs the schematic diagram that cavity forms template in chamber;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of building similar rock stratum in chamber;
Fig. 4 removes the schematic diagram that cavity forms template;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of filling full flexible waterproof layer in accommodating cavity;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that flexible waterproof layer is furnished with displacement observation part viewed from observation glass side;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of building two-layer similar rock stratum in chamber;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of displacement observation part;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram being provided with cross mark in layer of paint.
The Reference numeral table of comparisons:
1-chamber; 11-observes glass; The similar rock stratum of 2-;
20-outer peripheral face; 21-displacement transducer; 22-upper surface;
23-lower surface; The accommodating cavity of 3-; 4-flexible waterproof layer;
5-displacement observation part; 51-inspection surface; 52-main part;
53-afterbody; 54-tail is followed closely; 55-layer of paint;
The cross mark of 56-; 6-cavity forms template.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.The identical Reference numeral of wherein identical parts represents.It should be noted that, the word "front", "rear" of use is described below, "left", "right", "up" and "down" refer to direction in accompanying drawing, word " interior " and " outward " refer to the direction towards or away from particular elements geometric center respectively.
In the present invention, involved similar rock stratum refers to and the similar analog material layer made in a certain way of the lithosphere to be exploited in process of coal mining, it is made up according to a certain percentage of analog material, its character, shape, structure or structure are similar to rock stratum to be exploited, and are referred to as similar rock stratum.
As Figure 1-5, it is a kind of for observing the test model of rock layer surface displacement that one embodiment of the invention provides, comprise chamber 1, chamber 1 comprises at least one block of observation glass 11, in chamber 1, build the similar rock stratum 2 that at least one deck is similar to rock stratum to be exploited.
Wherein, accommodating cavity 3 is formed with, the upper and lower surface of the through similar rock stratum 2 of accommodating cavity 3 between the outer peripheral face 20 in similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11.
Flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled with in accommodating cavity 3.On flexible waterproof layer 4, compartment of terrain is furnished with multiple displacement observation part 5, displacement observation part 5 comprises inspection surface 51 and main part 52 connected vertically with inspection surface 51, main part 52 is arranged on flexible waterproof layer 4, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, inspection surface 51 is close to observation glass 11 and is arranged, and displacement observation part 5 can move along with the movement of similar rock stratum 2.
This test model is mainly used in outside surface displacement or the movement of observing rock stratum.This test model bag chamber 1, chamber 1 is provided with at least one block of observation glass 11, so that observe the displacement of inner similar rock stratum 2.In chamber 1, build the similar rock stratum 2 of at least one deck, and be provided with displacement transducer 21 in similar rock stratum 2, for the displacement in the similar rock stratum 2 of the internal monitoring of similar rock stratum 2 or movement.The surface displacement observed result of similar rock stratum 2 can be analyzed to the displacement transducer 21 in similar rock stratum 2 and numerical result, to ensure that result is accurate.
Be formed with accommodating cavity 3, the upper and lower surface of the through similar rock stratum 2 of this accommodating cavity 3 between outer peripheral face 20 in similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11, and be filled with flexible waterproof layer 4 in this accommodating cavity 3.Flexible waterproof layer 4 fills full accommodating cavity 3, prevents the water in similar rock stratum 2 from flowing to observation glass to play, and avoids forming water smoke on observation glass 11, improves observation effect.
The upper surface of flexible waterproof layer 4 can keep the concordant setting of upper surface 22 with similar rock stratum 2, and in similar rock stratum 2 due to reasons such as vibrations, when upper surface 22 moves down, flexible waterproof layer 4 can keep filling full phase like the accommodating cavity 3 between the outer peripheral face 20 of rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11, keeps the effect playing isolated water.
When similar rock stratum 2 is moved, its upper surface 22 moves down, its outer peripheral face 20 deforms, thus make accommodating cavity 3 also occur distortion, and this flexible waterproof layer 4 can move down along with moving down of upper surface 22, the upper surface of flexible waterproof layer 4 keeps the concordant setting of upper surface 22 with similar rock stratum 2, and keeps the accommodating cavity 3 can filling full distortion, whenever to make, the effect of isolated water can be played.
Flexible waterproof layer 4 is made up of the waterproof material that can stretch of flexibility, it can have certain pliability and larger ductile waterproof material for employing, the water barrier that waterproof roll, organic waterproof coating are formed, also can have flexible water barrier for what be made up of its waterproof material.
In order to observe displacement or the movement of the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, on flexible waterproof layer 4, compartment of terrain is furnished with multiple displacement observation part 5.
This displacement observation part 5 comprises inspection surface 51 and main part 52 connected vertically with inspection surface 51.Main part 52 is arranged on flexible waterproof layer 4, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2, inspection surface 51 is close to observation glass 11 and arranges, and this displacement observation part 5 can move along with the movement of similar rock stratum 2.
Thus, monitor movement or the position of inspection surface 51 through observation glass 11, displacement or the situation of movement of the upper surface 22 observing similar rock stratum 2 can be drawn.By the dynamic process of observation displacement observation part 5, the dynamic overall process of upper surface 22 displacement of similar rock stratum 2 can be learnt.
Thus, test model provided by the invention, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, avoids the inner sensor of too much laying in similar rock stratum and causes adverse effect to model test result.
Preferably, observation glass 11 is arranged around a circle of chamber 1, correspondingly, accommodating cavity 3 is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2, multiple displacement observation part 5 is arranged around a circle of the flexible waterproof layer 4 in the accommodating cavity 3 of annular, expand observation scope, can observe the surface displacement of similar rock stratum 2 within the scope of 360 °.
Preferably, as illustrated in figures 4-5, accommodating cavity 3 is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile of similar rock stratum 2 thickness direction, and on the direction of upper surface 22 to the lower surface 23 from similar rock stratum 2, the distance between observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2 diminishes gradually.Thus make the longitudinal profile of the flexible waterproof layer 4 be filled in accommodating cavity 3 also in wedge shape, width near upper surface 22 place is greater than the width near lower surface 23 place, thus ensure, when accommodating cavity 3 moves along with the surface of similar rock stratum 2 and deforms, flexible waterproof layer 4 can fill up accommodating cavity 3 downwards.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6-7, multi-layer phase has been built like rock stratum 2 in chamber 1, accommodating cavity 3 is provided with between every layer of similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11, flexible waterproof layer 4 is all filled with in each accommodating cavity 3, every layer of flexible waterproof layer 4 is all furnished with multiple displacement observation part 5, with the rock stratum distribution in simulating reality as much as possible and displacement, improves observation effect.
Preferably, as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is circular steel disc, and main part 52 is sheet steel disc, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is provided with tail nail 54, and main part 52 is connected on similar rock stratum 2 by tail nail 54.
Be set to be made up of steel disc by displacement observation part 5, its inspection surface 51 is circular steel disc, and its main part 52 is sheet steel disc, and on afterbody 53, arrange tail nail 54, is arranged on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 by main part 52 by tail nail 54.Setting like this, steel sheet structure intensity is high, can not, bending along with when similar rock stratum 2 is moved, avoid affecting test effect, and is convenient to manufacture.
Preferably, as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is arranged layer of paint 55, and in layer of paint 55, be provided with cross mark 56, be convenient to the displacement that this inspection surface 51 observed by external monitoring personnel or monitoring equipment.
Preferably, flexible waterproof layer 4 is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand, is convenient to draw materials, and can ensure when accommodating cavity 3 deforms, and this flexible waterproof layer 4 can ensure to fill this accommodating cavity 3 full, and the moment plays water proof effect.
Waterproof layer of sand is made up of the Waterproof sand with waterproof action, and it plays waterproof action.Anti-watercolor layer of sand is made up of the anti-watercolor sand with waterproof action, its run into have water to enter time, can occur color change, have water to infiltrate to remind operating personnel.
Preferably, test model also comprises total powerstation or the 3D laser scanner for observing this inspection surface 51 displacement.By erection total powerstation and/or 3D laser scanner, build surface displacement recording geometry, the displacement of inspection surface 51 is monitored, realizes the real-time monitored and the record that the surface displacement of similar rock stratum 2 are carried out to dynamic overall process, convenient operation.
Total powerstation, i.e. full site type electronic distance measuring instrument, being a kind ofly integrate light, mechanical, electrical hi-tech surveying instrument, is catchment the straight angle, vertical angle, distance (oblique distance, flat distance), vertical survey function in instrument of surveying and mapping system integrally.
3D laser scanner, is referred to as three-dimensional laser scanner again, and have high-level efficiency, high-precision unique advantage, it can provide the three dimensional point cloud on scanning object surface, for obtaining the digital terrain model of high-accuracy high-resolution.
Preferably, as Figure 2-3, similar rock stratum 2 also comprises detachable cavity and forms template 6, and accommodating cavity 3 forms template 6 by the cavity removed from similar rock stratum 2 and formed.
As in Figure 2-4, the generation type of accommodating cavity 3 is as follows:
First, in chamber 1, install cavity near the side of observation glass 11 and form template 6.
Afterwards, in chamber 1, the similar rock stratum 2 of one deck is built.
Afterwards, after similar rock stratum 2 meets requirement of strength, remove cavity and form template 6, thus be formed with accommodating cavity 3 between observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2.
Preferably, as Figure 2-3, cavity forms the longitudinal profile of template 6 is wedge shape, on the direction of upper surface 22 to the lower surface 23 from similar rock stratum 2, the width that cavity forms template 6 reduces gradually, and namely its longitudinal profile is narrow shape under preceding, to form the accommodating cavity 3 of wedge shape.
To sum up, test model provided by the invention, by laying displacement observation part between similar rock stratum and observation glass, and total powerstation and/or 3D laser scanner can be utilized to achieve monitor the displacement of inspection surface, realize the real-time monitored and the record that the surface displacement of similar rock stratum are carried out to dynamic overall process, convenient operation.
Displacement observation part is built to similar rock stratum and carries out successively, easy construction is easy, observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, avoid too much sensor of laying in similar rock stratum and cause adverse effect to model test result, observed result can be analyzed to the displacement transducer in similar rock stratum and numerical result simultaneously.
As Figure 1-5, it is a kind of for observing the method for making of the test model of rock layer surface displacement that one embodiment of the invention provides, and comprises the steps:
Step 1: install cavity near the side of observation glass 11 and form template 6 in chamber 1.
Step 2: build the similar rock stratum 2 of one deck in chamber 1.
Step 3: after similar rock stratum 2 meets requirement of strength, removes cavity and forms template 6, thus be formed with accommodating cavity 3 between observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2.
Step 4: fill full flexible waterproof layer 4 in accommodating cavity 3.
Step 5: the uniform multiple displacement observation part 5 in compartment of terrain on flexible waterproof layer 4, the inspection surface 51 of displacement observation part 5 is close to observation glass 11 to arrange, the main part 52 of displacement observation part 5 is arranged on flexible waterproof layer 4, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is connected on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2; And displacement observation part 5 can move along with the movement of similar rock stratum 2.
That is to say, this method for making comprises following several step:
Step 1: cavity forms installing of template 6:
Before similar rock stratum 2 is built, adopt in the side closing on observation glass 11 wooden template to carry out installing cavity and form template 6, carry out building of similar rock stratum 2 more afterwards.The height of cavity formation template 6 and thickness are built thickness according to similar rock stratum 2 and are determined.When building similar rock stratum 2, a displacement transducer 21 can be arranged therein, at its misalignment of internal monitoring.
Step 2: filling of flexible waterproof layer 4:
After similar rock stratum 2 has initial strength, the cavity between similar rock stratum 2 and observation glass 11 is formed template 6 and removes, thus define accommodating cavity 3 between observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2.Subsequently, flexible waterproof layer 4 is filled in accommodating cavity 3, until fill up.
Step 3: the laying of displacement observation part 5:
According to a determining deviation, displacement observation part 5 is laid in flexible waterproof layer 4.Ensure that inspection surface 51 is close to observation glass 11, afterbody 53 is firmly placed within similar rock stratum 2 simultaneously.After displacement observation part 5 has been laid, building of similar rock stratum 2, upper strata can be carried out.
The method for making of test model provided by the invention, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, avoids the inner sensor of too much laying in similar rock stratum and causes adverse effect to model test result.
Preferably, outside chamber 1, install total powerstation or 3D laser scanner, by total powerstation or 3D laser scanner real-time monitored and the displacement in hourly observation face 51.
This process is the observation being surface displacement:
Building of similar rock stratum 2 is carried out successively with the laying of displacement observation part 5, after test model all completes, can carry out surface displacement observation.By erection total powerstation and 3D laser scanner, the displacement of inspection surface 51 is monitored, realizes the real-time monitored and the record that the surface displacement of similar rock stratum 2 are carried out to dynamic overall process, convenient operation.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6-7, in chamber 1, build multi-layer phase successively like rock stratum 2 according to step 1 to step 5, with the rock stratum distribution in simulating reality as much as possible and displacement, improve observation effect.
Preferably, observation glass 11 is arranged around a circle of chamber 1, correspondingly, accommodating cavity 3 is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2, multiple displacement observation part 5 is arranged around a circle of the flexible waterproof layer 4 in the accommodating cavity 3 of annular, expand observation scope, can observe the surface displacement of similar rock stratum 2 within the scope of 360 °.
Preferably, as illustrated in figures 4-5, accommodating cavity 3 is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile of similar rock stratum 2 thickness direction, and on the direction of upper surface 22 to the lower surface 23 from similar rock stratum 2, the distance between observation glass 11 and the outer peripheral face 20 of similar rock stratum 2 diminishes gradually.Thus make the longitudinal profile of the flexible waterproof layer 4 be filled in accommodating cavity 3 also in wedge shape, width near upper surface 22 place is greater than the width near lower surface 23 place, thus ensure, when accommodating cavity 3 moves along with the surface of similar rock stratum 2 and deforms, flexible waterproof layer 4 can fill up accommodating cavity 3 downwards.
Preferably, as Figure 2-3, cavity forms the longitudinal profile of template 6 is wedge shape, on the direction of upper surface 22 to the lower surface 23 from similar rock stratum 2, the width that cavity forms template 6 reduces gradually, and namely its longitudinal profile is narrow shape under preceding, to form the accommodating cavity 3 of wedge shape.
Preferably, as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is circular steel disc, and main part 52 is sheet steel disc, the afterbody 53 of main part 52 is provided with tail nail 54, and main part 52 is connected on similar rock stratum 2 by tail nail 54.
Be set to be made up of steel disc by displacement observation part 5, its inspection surface 51 is circular steel disc, and its main part 52 is sheet steel disc, and on afterbody 53, arrange tail nail 54, is arranged on the upper surface 22 of similar rock stratum 2 by main part 52 by tail nail 54.Setting like this, steel sheet structure intensity is high, can not, bending along with when similar rock stratum 2 is moved, avoid affecting test effect, and is convenient to manufacture.
Preferably, as Figure 8-9, inspection surface 51 is arranged layer of paint 55, and in layer of paint 55, be provided with cross mark 56, be convenient to the displacement that this inspection surface 51 observed by external monitoring personnel or monitoring equipment.
Preferably, flexible waterproof layer 4 is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand, is convenient to draw materials, and can ensure when accommodating cavity 3 deforms, and this flexible waterproof layer 4 can ensure to fill this accommodating cavity 3 full, and the moment plays water proof effect.
Waterproof layer of sand is made up of the Waterproof sand with waterproof action, and it plays waterproof action.Anti-watercolor layer of sand is made up of the anti-watercolor sand with waterproof action, its run into have water to enter time, can occur color change, have water to infiltrate to remind operating personnel.
To sum up, test model provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, by arranging displacement observation part between similar rock stratum and observation glass, displacement observation part can move along with the movement of similar rock stratum, thus by observing the dynamic process of above-mentioned displacement observation part, the dynamic overall process of the surface displacement of similar rock stratum can be learnt.
Test model provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, its easy construction is easy, and observation effect is intuitive and reliable, cheap, avoids the inner sensor of too much laying in similar rock stratum and causes adverse effect to model test result.
As required, above-mentioned each technical scheme can be combined, to reach best-of-breed technology effect.
Above is only principle of the present invention and preferred embodiment.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, on the basis of the principle of the invention, other modification some can also be made, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. for observing a test model for rock layer surface displacement, it is characterized in that, comprising chamber, described chamber comprises at least one block of observation glass, in described chamber, build the similar rock stratum that at least one deck is similar to rock stratum to be exploited;
Wherein, between the outer peripheral face in described similar rock stratum and described observation glass, be formed with accommodating cavity, the upper and lower surface of the through described similar rock stratum of described accommodating cavity;
Flexible waterproof layer is filled with in described accommodating cavity;
On described flexible waterproof layer, compartment of terrain is furnished with multiple displacement observation part, described displacement observation part comprises inspection surface and main part connected vertically with described inspection surface, described main part is arranged on described flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of described main part is connected on the described upper surface of described similar rock stratum, described inspection surface is close to described observation glass and is arranged, described displacement observation part can move along with the movement of described similar rock stratum.
2. empirical model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described observation glass is arranged around a circle of described chamber, correspondingly, described accommodating cavity is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum, and multiple described displacement observation part is arranged around a circle of the described flexible waterproof layer in the described accommodating cavity of annular.
3. empirical model according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described accommodating cavity is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile in described similar depth of stratum direction, at the upper surface from described similar rock stratum on the direction of lower surface, the distance between described observation glass and the described outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum diminishes gradually.
4. empirical model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, similar rock stratum described in multilayer has been built in described chamber, described accommodating cavity is provided with between every layer of described similar rock stratum and described observation glass, all be filled with described flexible waterproof layer in each described accommodating cavity, every layer of described flexible waterproof layer be all furnished with multiple described displacement observation part.
5. empirical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inspection surface is circular steel disc, and described main part is sheet steel disc, the afterbody of described main part is provided with tail nail, and described main part is connected on described similar rock stratum by described tail nail.
6. empirical model according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described inspection surface arranges layer of paint, and is provided with cross mark in described layer of paint.
7. empirical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
8. empirical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described test model also comprises total powerstation or 3D laser scanner for observing described inspection surface displacement.
9. empirical model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described similar rock stratum also comprises detachable cavity and forms template, and described accommodating cavity forms template by the described cavity removed from described similar rock stratum and formed.
10. empirical model according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the longitudinal profile that described cavity forms template is wedge shape.
11. 1 kinds for observing the method for making of the test model of rock layer surface displacement, is characterized in that, comprising the steps:
Step 1: install cavity near the side of observation glass and form template in chamber;
Step 2: build the similar rock stratum of one deck in described chamber;
Step 3: after described similar rock stratum meets requirement of strength, removes described cavity and forms template, thus be formed with accommodating cavity between described observation glass to the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum;
Step 4: fill full flexible waterproof layer in described accommodating cavity;
Step 5: the uniform multiple displacement observation part in compartment of terrain on described flexible waterproof layer, the inspection surface of described displacement observation part is close to described observation glass to arrange, the main part of described displacement observation part is arranged on described flexible waterproof layer, the afterbody of described main part is connected on the described upper surface of described similar rock stratum; And described displacement observation part can move along with the movement of described similar rock stratum.
12. method for makings according to claim 11, is characterized in that, install total powerstation or 3D laser scanner outside described chamber, record the displacement of described inspection surface by described total powerstation or described 3D laser scanner real-time monitored.
13. method for makings according to claim 11, is characterized in that, in described chamber, built similar rock stratum described in multilayer successively according to described step 1 to described step 5.
14. method for makings according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described observation glass is arranged around a circle of described chamber, correspondingly, described accommodating cavity is arranged around a circle of the outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum, and multiple described displacement observation part is arranged around a circle of the described flexible waterproof layer in the described accommodating cavity of annular.
15. method for makings according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described accommodating cavity is wedge shape along the longitudinal profile in described similar depth of stratum direction, at the upper surface from described similar rock stratum on the direction of lower surface, the distance between described observation glass and the described outer peripheral face of described similar rock stratum diminishes gradually.
16. method for makings according to claim 11, is characterized in that, the longitudinal profile that described cavity forms template is wedge shape.
17. method for makings according to claim 11, is characterized in that, described inspection surface is circular steel disc, and described main part is sheet steel disc, the afterbody of described main part are provided with tail nail, and described main part is connected on described similar rock stratum by described tail nail.
18. method for makings according to claim 17, is characterized in that, described inspection surface arranges layer of paint, and are provided with cross mark in described layer of paint.
19. method for makings according to claim 11, is characterized in that, described flexible waterproof layer is waterproof layer of sand or anti-watercolor layer of sand.
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