A kind of electricity generation system and its control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to electricity generation system, especially relate to by the use of unstable thermal source such as underground heat or waste heat as heat supply Lai
The electricity generation system in source and the control method of this electricity generation system.
Background technology
Constantly deteriorate with fossil energy increasingly depleted, earth environment, energy security is increasingly subject to people's attention.Energy
Source using being related to a national economic lifeline and social safety, rise to already country basic development strategy. the world
Each state all pays much attention to the effectively utilizes of the energy, China's energy utilization rate only 33% about, lower by about 10% than developed country.
A low major reason of China's energy utilization rate is that the energy is not reaching to cascade utilization, substantial amounts of middle low-temperature energy sources
Be not fully used, therefore improve in low-temperature energy sources using be improve efficiency of energy utilization key measure.Middle low temperature
Thermal source mainly includes two large divisions: first is the waste heat of discharge in industrial production, such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, machinery, electric power
Etc. the exhaust smoke evacuation of the various smelting furnaces in industry, heating furnace, internal combustion engine and boiler, because China's industrial energy consumption always accounts for the whole nation
2/3rds of energy consumption, and more than 50% is emitted in the form of middle low-temperature waste heat, therefore recycles this partial heat and has
Huge energy-saving potential;Part II is low temperature regenerative resource in solar energy, underground heat etc., with the tune of China's energy resource structure
Whole, the ratio shared by regenerative resource will be increasing.Strengthen the utilization to low-temperature heat source in these, will reduce to fossil energy
The consumption in source, reaches the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
It is mainly based upon the heat power generating system of Rankine cycle using the technology that middle low temperature heat energy generates electricity.Double-work medium circulation is sent out
Electric system is a kind of main middle low-temperature thermal power generating system.The feature of double-work medium power generation technology is hot water with electricity generation system not
Directly contact, using a kind of lower boiling medium, such as normal butane, iso-butane, chloroethanes, ammonia and carbon dioxide etc. are as circulation industrial
The heat of hot water is passed to certain low boiling point working medium by matter, to be generated electricity by low boiling point working medium pushing turbine.
In double-work medium circulating generation, hot water is only used as thermal source and uses, and itself does not participate directly in thermodynamic cycle.
First, the hot water from middle low-temperature heat source flows through surface-type evaporimeter. with the low boiling point working medium in heating evaporation device.Low boiling is situated between
Matter is absorbed heat in evaporimeter, is changed into the steam with certain pressure, and pushing turbine simultaneously drives electrical power generators.From steam turbine row
The gas going out, condenses into liquid within the condenser, with pump, liquid is sent into heat exchanger, and heat absorption evaporation again becomes gas, so
Go round and begin again, the heat of hot water is constantly passed to low boiling point working medium and continuously generated electricity.
Shortcoming using the underground heat or waste heat electricity generation system as middle low-temperature heat source is the unstability of thermal source, due to
Thermal source unstable, need TRT is made specific design, for example with multiple power generation cycle so as to can adapt to big
The heat from heat source of amplitude variation.The patent of invention of cn102691541b it is proposed that one kind has multiple power generation cycle, one wherein
Setting heating medium block valve and cooling medium block valve in power generation cycle such that it is able to carry out variation according to thermal source and incite somebody to action
Heat rightly distributes to the generating of multiple power generation cycle.
But, the invention of cn102691541b also has weak point, on the one hand, for each power generation cycle, all need
The input and output pipeline of specific heating medium and cooling medium is set, and each power generation cycle also needs to setting evaporation simultaneously
Device and condenser, lead to the cost of electricity generation system and expense to rise;On the other hand, for specific power generation cycle, by it
Start or stop to need the regular hour, and frequent starting and stopping power generation cycle returning its operating efficiency of impact and systematicness
Energy.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electricity generation system of optimization and its control method, in the case that heat from heat source changes, energy
Enough reduce the switching frequency of specific power generation cycle in the technical scheme of cn102691541b invention, thus improving systematic function.
A kind of electricity generation system, including the first power generation cycle, the second power generation cycle, heating medium pipeline, cooling medium pipeline
And control device;Described control device is used for the work according to heating medium and the first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle
State, control the operation of described first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle it is characterised in that: the first power generation cycle, second
Power generation cycle shares evaporimeter and condenser;Described heating medium passes through to heat medium pipeline entrance evaporimeter heating work Jie
After matter, discharge from evaporimeter;Cooling medium passes through cooling medium pipeline to the first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle
After weary gas is condensed, discharge from condenser;The working medium exit port of described evaporimeter is divided into two-way, wherein leads up to
One passage flows to the first power generation cycle, by flow valve, described control device controls whether an other road is flowed to by second channel
Second power generation cycle, thus control whether to start the second power generation cycle.
Preferably, electricity generation system based on described first power generation cycle, it has pressure turbine and middle-pressure turbine;The
Two power generation cycle are from electricity generation system, and it has pressure turbine;Described control device is according to heating medium and the first generating
Circulation and the working condition of the second power generation cycle, control in described first power generation cycle mesohigh turbine and middle-pressure turbine
At least one startup, and control described second power generation cycle pressure turbine start or close.
Preferably, the pressure turbine of described first power generation cycle and middle-pressure turbine pass through rotating shaft and generator coupling
Close, thus driving generator to be generated electricity.
Preferably, the export pipeline of described first power generation cycle evaporator operation medium is divided into two-way, wherein leads up to
First valve is communicated with the working medium inlet of described pressure turbine, in addition leads up to the second valve and medium pressure turbine
The working medium inlet of machine communicates;The working medium exit port pipeline of described pressure turbine is divided into two-way, wherein leads up to
Three valves are communicated with the working medium inlet of medium pressure turbine, in addition lead up to the entrance phase of the 4th valve and condenser
Logical;The working medium exit port of medium pressure turbine is communicated with the entrance of described condenser.
Preferably, the heating medium inlet pipeline setting heating medium block valve of described second power generation cycle, cooling medium
Entrance pipe arranges cooling medium block valve, and described control device is according to heating medium and the first power generation cycle and the second generating
First valve described in working state control of circulation, the second valve, the 3rd valve, the 4th valve, heating medium block valve and
The switch of cooling medium block valve.
Preferably, described first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle have the electricity of the generated energy detecting each self generator
Force detector, the entrance and exit setting heating medium supplying temperature detector of the heating medium of described evaporimeter and heating medium
Discharge temperature detector.
Preferably, described control device is according to power detector, temperature detector and the first power generation cycle and second
The working condition of electricity circulation, controls opening of described first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve, the 4th valve and flow valve
Close..
Preferably, when the temperature of supply heating medium increases from low to high, described control device starts described first successively
The high pressure whirlpool of the pressure turbine of power generation cycle, the middle-pressure turbine of described first power generation cycle and described second power generation cycle
Turbine.
Preferably, when supplying the temperature heating medium from high to low, described control device closes the first power generation cycle successively
Middle-pressure turbine, the pressure turbine of the second power generation cycle;Then, start the middle-pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, close
The pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle.
As another aspect of the present invention, provide the control method of above-mentioned electricity generation system, wherein, when supply heating is situated between
When the temperature of matter increases from low to high, the rate-determining steps of turbine include: 1) start pressure turbine;
2) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detected value of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
Difference △ th and temperature difference threshold value sth size, if △ th≤sth, enter step 21;If △ is th > sth, enter step
Rapid 22;
21) compare the size of the first power generation cycle generated output power w1 and sp1, wherein sp1 is the first power generation cycle
Pressure turbine corresponding optimization power threshold, if w1 >=sp1, enter step 2);If w1 < sp1, enter step 211);
211) close the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, start the middle-pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, enter step
Rapid 212);
212) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 213);
213) start the second power generation cycle, enter step 214);
214) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 215);
215) start the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle;
22) start middle-pressure turbine, enter step 221);
221) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 222);
222) start the second power generation cycle.
Preferably, when the turbine of the first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle is all in startup, and supply heating Jie
When the temperature of matter reduces from high to low, rate-determining steps include:
A) compare the first power generation cycle generated output power w1 and the second power generation cycle generated output power w2 it
With the size of w1+w2 and sp1+sp2+sp3, wherein sp2 is the corresponding optimization power threshold of the first power generation cycle middle-pressure turbine,
Sp3 is the corresponding optimization power threshold of the second power generation cycle pressure turbine;If w1+w2 < sp1+sp2+sp3, enter step
Suddenly b);
B) close middle-pressure turbine, enter step c);
C) compare the size of w1+w2 and sp1+sp3, if w1+w2 < sp1+sp3, enter step d);
D) close the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, open middle-pressure turbine;Enter step e)
E) compare the size of w1+w2 and sp1, if w1+w2≤sp2, enter step f);If sp2 < w1+w2 is < sp1;Enter
Enter step h;
F) close the second power generation cycle;
H) close the second power generation cycle and middle-pressure turbine, open the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the power generation system structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the part control flow chart of the electricity generation system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is another part control flow chart of the electricity generation system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiments of the present invention, the advantages and features with them are disclosed together, will be by reference to following explanation
Become obvious with accompanying drawing.Furthermore, it is to be understood that the feature not mutual exclusion of various embodiment described here, and can be
Exist during various combinations and transformation.
Referring to Fig. 1, the electricity generation system of embodiments of the invention, including the first power generation cycle 1a, the second power generation cycle 1b, steaming
Send out device 2, condenser 4, heating medium service 10, heating medium discharge channel 11, cooling medium service 14, cooling Jie
Matter output channel 15 and control device 9.Wherein first power generation cycle 1a and the second power generation cycle 1b all include respectively, high pressure whirlpool
Turbine 3, generator 7 and power detector 8.
Pass through heating medium feeding pipe from the heating medium (such as vapor etc.) of middle low-temperature heat source and will heat medium
It is transported to evaporimeter 2 from heating medium service 10, thus working media (the such as normal butane, isobutyl of heating evaporation device 2
Alkane, ammonia etc.), this working media is used for driving the turbine movements of the first power generation cycle 1a and the second power generation cycle 1b, thus
The first power generation cycle 1a and the generator 7 of the second power generation cycle 1b is driven to be generated electricity.From evaporimeter 2, the heating of output is situated between
Matter, is discharged by heating medium discharge channel 11.
Cooling medium (such as cooling water) cooling medium feeding pipe 14 is transported to condenser by cooling medium feeding pipe
4, the working media discharged from the first power generation cycle 1a and the second power generation cycle 1b turbine for cooling.Defeated from condenser 4
The cooling medium going out, is discharged by cooling medium discharge line 15.
The working medium exit port of evaporimeter 2 is divided into two-way, wherein leads up to first passage 12 and the first power generation cycle 1a
Connection, is in addition led up to second channel 13 and is connected with the second power generation cycle 1b.Flow valve 16 is provided with second channel 13, control
By flow valve 16, device 9 processed can control whether this second channel 13 switchs, thus controlling whether to start the second power generation cycle
1b.The entrance and exit setting heating medium supplying temperature detector of the heating medium of evaporimeter 2 and heating medium discharge temperature
Detector.
Wherein, the first power generation cycle 1a is additionally provided with middle-pressure turbine 31.Pressure turbine 3 and middle-pressure turbine 31 lead to
Cross rotating shaft to couple with generator 7, thus driving generator 7 to be generated electricity.First power generation cycle 1a is set to, and evaporimeter 2 enters
The pipeline of the first power generation cycle 1a is divided into two-way, and the working media wherein leading up to the first valve 21 with pressure turbine 3 enters
Mouth communicates, and in addition leads up to the second valve 22 and communicates with the working medium inlet of middle-pressure turbine 31;The work of pressure turbine 3
Make media outlet pipeline and be divided into two-way, wherein lead up to the working medium inlet phase of the 3rd valve 23 and middle-pressure turbine 31
Logical, in addition lead up to the 4th valve 24 and communicate with the entrance of condenser 4;The working medium exit port of middle-pressure turbine 31 and condensation
The entrance of device 24 communicates.
Control device 9 passes through to control opening of the first valve 21, the second valve 22, the 3rd valve 23 and the 4th valve 24
Close, the working condition of steam turbine in the first power generation cycle 1a can be controlled.Wherein, the first valve 21, the second valve 22 and
Four valves 24 are opened, and when the 3rd valve 23 is closed, pressure turbine 3 and middle-pressure turbine 31 are all defeated using carrying out flash-pot 2
The steam going out, has the rated output power of maximum;First valve 21, the 3rd valve 23 are opened, the second valve 22 and the 4th
When valve 24 is closed, its rated output power reduces;First valve 21, the 4th valve 24 are opened, the second valve 22, the 3rd valve
During 23 closing, its rated output power reduces further;First valve 21, the 3rd valve 23, the 4th valve 24 are closed, the second valve
When door 22 is opened, its rated output power is minimum.
The weary gas outlet of the pressure turbine 3 of the second power generation cycle 1b is connected with condenser 4.Control device 8 is according to electricity
The working condition of force detector, temperature detector and the first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle, control the first valve 21, the
Two valves 22, the switch of the 3rd valve 23, the 4th valve 24 and flow valve 16.
When the electricity generation system of the present embodiment is in zero load, according to the measurement of temperature detector, judge supply heating medium
When temperature increases from low to high, control device 9 control the first valve 21, the second valve 22, the 3rd valve 23, the 4th valve 24 with
And flow valve 16, start successively the pressure turbine 3 of the first power generation cycle 1a, the middle-pressure turbine 31 of the first power generation cycle and
The pressure turbine 3 of described second power generation cycle.
When the electricity generation system of the present embodiment be in fully loaded, all turbines all in running status, according to temperature detector
Measurement, judge when supply heating medium temperature from high to low when, control device 9 control the first valve 21, the second valve 22,
3rd valve 23, the 4th valve 24 and flow valve 16, close the middle-pressure turbine 31, second of the first power generation cycle 1a successively
The pressure turbine 3 of electricity circulation;Then, start the middle-pressure turbine 31 of the first power generation cycle, close the height of the first power generation cycle
Pressure turbine 3.
By the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, by by the first power generation cycle 1a and the second power generation cycle 1b
Share heating medium and cooling medium pipeline, and share evaporimeter and condenser such that it is able to cost-effective;The opposing party
Face, by the middle-pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle 1a and the setting of corresponding control valve, in the thermal source of middle low-temperature heat source
When heat significantly changes, preferentially pass through the switch of the turbine in the first power generation cycle 1a, adjust the operating power of electricity generation system,
Thus reducing the switching requirements for the second power generation cycle 1b, improve the conformability of system, and increased adjustable
Power bracket.
The part control method of the electricity generation system of the embodiment of the present invention, (does not wherein write the turbine of startup exactly as shown in Figure 2
Represent and be closed), when the temperature of supply heating medium increases from low to high, the rate-determining steps of turbine include: 1)
Start pressure turbine;
2) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detected value of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
Difference △ th and temperature difference threshold value sth size, if △ th≤sth, enter step 21;If △ is th > sth, enter step
Rapid 22;
21) compare the size of the first power generation cycle generated output power w1 and sp1, wherein sp1 is the first power generation cycle
Pressure turbine corresponding optimization power threshold, if w1 >=sp1, enter step 2);If w1 < sp1, enter step 211);
211) close the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, start the middle-pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, enter step
Rapid 212);
212) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 213);
213) start the second power generation cycle, enter step 214);
214) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 215);
215) start the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle;
22) start middle-pressure turbine, enter step 221);
221) detected value of heating medium supplying temperature detector and the detection of heating medium discharge temperature detector are compared
The difference △ th of value and the size of temperature difference threshold value sth, as △ th > sth, enter step 222);
222) start the second power generation cycle.
Another part control method of the electricity generation system of the embodiment of the present invention, (does not wherein write the whirlpool of startup exactly as shown in Figure 3
Turbine represent be closed), when the turbine of the first power generation cycle and the second power generation cycle is all in startup, and supply
When the temperature of heating medium reduces from high to low, rate-determining steps include:
A) compare the first power generation cycle generated output power w1 and the second power generation cycle generated output power w2 it
With the size of w1+w2 and sp1+sp2+sp3, wherein sp2 is the corresponding optimization power threshold of the first power generation cycle middle-pressure turbine,
Sp3 is the corresponding optimization power threshold of the second power generation cycle pressure turbine;If w1+w2 < sp1+sp2+sp3, enter step
Suddenly b);
B) close middle-pressure turbine, enter step c);
C) compare the size of w1+w2 and sp1+sp3, if w1+w2 < sp1+sp3, enter step d);
D) close the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle, open middle-pressure turbine;Enter step e)
E) compare the size of w1+w2 and sp1, if w1+w2≤sp2, enter step f);If sp2 < w1+w2 is < sp1;Enter
Enter step h;
F) close the second power generation cycle;
H) close the second power generation cycle and middle-pressure turbine, open the pressure turbine of the first power generation cycle.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other changes in present invention spirit, without departing from the present invention's
Technique effect.These according to the present invention change done of spirit, all should be included in scope of the present invention it
Interior.