CN105297087A - Electroplating liquid for hydroxylamine reducing agent cyanide-free univalence copper plating and electroplating method - Google Patents
Electroplating liquid for hydroxylamine reducing agent cyanide-free univalence copper plating and electroplating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105297087A CN105297087A CN201410228678.5A CN201410228678A CN105297087A CN 105297087 A CN105297087 A CN 105297087A CN 201410228678 A CN201410228678 A CN 201410228678A CN 105297087 A CN105297087 A CN 105297087A
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Abstract
The invention discloses electroplating liquid for hydroxylamine reducing agent cyanide-free univalence copper plating and an electroplating method. The electroplating liquid comprises 10-25 g/L of Cu2O, 76-128 g/L of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 20-40 g/L of hydroxylamine compounds, 0.05-0.15 g/L of aminopyridine and 10-20 g/L of gluconate. According to the electroplating liquid, the Cu2O serves as a copper source; the hydroxylamine compounds serve as a stabilizer of univalence copper irons; the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin serves as a coordination agent of cuprous ions; the aminopyridine serves as a brightening agent; and the gluconate serves as conducting salt. Thus, the plating liquid has good dispersion force and the deep plating capability, the cathodic current efficiency is high, and the performance of the plating liquid is excellent. The porosity of the plating obtained through electroplating under the alkaline condition of the electroplating liquid is low, and the quality of the plating obtained through the electroplating liquid is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of copper plating process, particularly relate to a kind of hydroxylamine reduction agent without the copper-plated electroplate liquid of cyanogen monovalence and electro-plating method.
Background technology
Copper has good electroconductibility and thermal conductivity, and comparatively soft, easy polishing, is soluble in nitric acid, is also soluble in the vitriol oil of heating, acts on very slow in hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid.Be easy in atmosphere be oxidized (especially in a heated condition), itself color and gloss will be lost after oxidation, in damp atmosphere, generating one deck ventilation breather with carbonic acid gas or oxide compound effect, when being subject to sulfide effect, brown or black thin film will be generated.
Due to the calibration of copper current potential, thus it is easy to deposit on other metal.Using copper as bottom, when using together with bright nickel and tiny crack chromium, very good corrosion stability coating can be obtained.Copper coating effectively can be protected the etch of zine pressure casting acid and alkali nickel plating solution and dissolve, and thus prevent displacement plating, and when electro-galvanizing die casting, copper is absolutely necessary as bottom.Equally, copper facing before steel part nickel plating chromium, is easily polished to very high surface luminous intensity, thus can reduce polishing and the polishing cost of some steel part.So copper coating is commonly used to the bottom as gold and silver, nickel and chromium coating.In addition, owing to having good electroconductibility, copper coating is also widely used on printed-wiring board (PWB).Copper can stop the scattering and permeating of carbon, nitrogen effectively, and the copper coating of low porosity, as a kind of blocking layer, is also widely used in nitriding and the carburization process of steel matrix part.
The covering power of cyanide electroplating plating solution and leveling ability good, coating crystallization is careful, good with the bonding force of matrix, and technology maturation, technological operation is simple, has been widely used in the bottoming coating of various metal matrix material for a long time.But the toxicity of prussiate is large, and lethal quantity is only 50mg, and China has put into effect relevant decree policy and prohibitted the use prussiate to electroplate.Thus, cyanide-free copper electroplating becomes a trend of following electro-coppering development.
The performance of existing cyanide-free copper electroplating ubiquity plating solution is not ideal enough, the technological deficiency that quality of coating is not strong, these seriously constrain cyanide-free copper electroplating industrially completely replace have cyanogen copper facing.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of hydroxylamine reduction agent without the copper-plated electroplate liquid of cyanogen monovalence, this electroplate liquid functional, and the quality of coating obtained by plating solution is excellent.
A kind of hydroxylamine reduction agent, without the copper-plated electroplate liquid of cyanogen monovalence, comprises the Cu that content is 10 ~ 25g/L
2the hydroxylamine compound that 5, the 5-dimethyl hydantion that O, content are 76 ~ 128g/L, content are 20 ~ 40g/L, content are the aminopyridine of 0.05 ~ 0.15g/L and content is the gluconate of 10 ~ 20g/L.
Wherein, the Cu that content is 14.4g/L is comprised
2the hydroxylamine compound that 5, the 5-dimethyl hydantion that O, content are 100g/L, content are 24g/L, content are the aminopyridine of 0.09g/L and content is the gluconate of 17g/L.
Wherein, described hydroxylamine compound is N-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Wherein, described aminopyridine is one in 4-aminopyridine, DMAP and PA or at least two kinds.
In the technical scheme of above electroplate liquid, select Cu
2o is the main salt of copper.Compared to cupric, cuprous ion is lower due to current potential, more easily reduces and deposits copper simple substance, and under identical electricity, the elemental copper that monovalence copper is separated out is more.
5,5-dimethyl hydantion is selected to be coordination agent.5,5-dimethyl hydantion has another name called T10, the molecular structure of glycolylurea for comprising two imido carbon nitrogen five-membered ring, the hydrogen atom on the non-carbonylic carbon atom on this five-membered ring of 5,5-dimethyl hydantion system replace by two methyl.The effect in the plating solution of 5,5-dimethyl hydantion is specially: cupric standard potential is+0.340V, and the degree of polarization of simple copper ion plating solution is lower, and the velocity of discharge of copper is very fast.Carry out electroplating that the coating obtained is coarse, bonding force is bad according to simple salt plating solution.Add 5,5-dimethyl hydantion, its imide contained can form stable complexing ion with bivalent cupric ion coordination, and the better simply bivalent cupric ion of the discharge potential of complexing ion when cathodic deposition is more negative, and namely degree of polarization is larger.Thus, complexing ion electric discharge is more steady, makes the more careful smooth of coating.
Select hydroxylamine compound as reductive agent, hydroxylamine compound is preferably the salt that azanol and derivative and hydrochloric acid thereof are formed, such as, can be hydroxylamine hydrochloride and N-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride.Hydroxylamine compound has stabilization to the cuprous ion in plating solution, and univalent copper ion can be prevented to be oxidized to bivalent cupric ion.
Select aminopyridine as brightening agent, the luminance brightness of coating can be improved.Aminopyridine is preferably the aminopyridine of ortho position and para-orientation.
Select gluconate as conducting salt.Phosphoric acid salt is preferably alkali-metal phosphoric acid salt, as Sunmorl N 60S or Potassium Gluconate.
The present invention provides a kind of electro-plating method on the other hand, and it is excellent that the method can make to electroplate by plating solution of good performance the quality of coating obtained.
The above-mentioned electroplate liquid of a kind of use carries out electric plating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) electroplate liquid is prepared: in water, dissolve each feed composition form electroplate liquid, described often liter of electroplate liquid contains 10 ~ 25gCu
2o, 76 ~ 128g5,5-dimethyl hydantion, 20 ~ 40g hydroxylamine compound, 0.05 ~ 0.15g aminopyridine and 10 ~ 20g gluconate;
(2) insert with pretreated negative electrode and anode and pass into electric current in described electroplate liquid and electroplate.
Wherein, described electric current is monopulse rectangular wave current; The pulsewidth of described monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.4 ~ 0.9ms, and dutycycle is 5 ~ 30%, and average current density is 0.5 ~ 1A/dm
2.
Wherein, in described step (2), the pH of electroplate liquid is 8 ~ 9.
Wherein, the temperature of electroplate liquid is 40 ~ 55 DEG C.
Wherein, the time of plating is 15 ~ 40min.
Wherein, in described step (2), the area ratio of negative electrode and positive electrode is (1/2 ~ 2): 1.
In the technical scheme of above electro-plating method, monopulse rectangular wave current is defined as at t
1passing into current density in time is J
pelectric current, at t
2without passing into electric current in time, it is a kind of intermittent pulse current.Dutycycle is defined as t
1/ (t
1+ t
2), frequency is 1/ (t
1+ t
2), mean current is defined as J
pt
1/ (t
1+ t
2).Compare with DC electrodeposition, thickness and the ion concentration distribution of electrostatic double layer all change; While adding electrochemical polarization, reduce concentration polarization, the direct effect of generation is, the coating that pulse plating obtains than DC electrodeposition coating evenly, crystallization is finer and closely woven.Moreover, pulse plating also has: hardness and the wear resistance of (1) coating are all high; (2) solution dispersibility and covering power good; (3) decrease the super plating of part edge, coating distributing homogeneity is good, can save plating solution consumption.
Using the steel plate of low-carbon (LC) as negative electrode, take copper sheet as anode.Anticathode pre-treatment comprises anticathode sand papering and subsequent oil removing.This use sand papering can polish twice, and first time with flint paper such as 200 object sand paperings, can be used fine sandpaper, such as, can use WC28 abrasive paper for metallograph for the second time.This oil removing can first adopt chemical alkali liquor oil removing then to adopt the dehydrated alcohol oil removing of 95%.Wherein, chemical alkali lye consists of: 40 ~ 60g/LNaOH, 50 ~ 70g/LNa
3pO
4, 20 ~ 30g/LNa
2cO
3with 3.5 ~ 10g/LNa
2siO
3.
In the present invention, electroplate liquid stirs in energising electroplating process, and the rotating speed of stirring controls in stirring at low speed, is 100 ~ 250rpm.Stirring power reduces copper complexing ion and concentration gradient, thickness of diffusion layer and a large amount of liberation of hydrogen near electrode surface and causes the increase of cathodic area pH value, is conducive to the deposition of metal ion; Can promote that again coating thickens the uniform composition with coating continuously; The copper complexing ion that the electrolysis initial stage can also be made to produce shifts out cathodic area rapidly, thus improves quality of coating.
Plating solution of the present invention is with Cu
2o is copper source, take hydroxylamine compound as the stablizer of univalent copper ion, with 5,5-dimethyl hydantion is the coordination agent of cuprous ion, be brightening agent with aminopyridine, take gluconate as conducting salt, make plating solution have good dispersion force and covering power thus, cathode efficiency is high, and plating solution performance is excellent.The porosity that employing electroplates the coating of acquisition in the basic conditions at plating solution is low, and the quality of coating adopting this plating solution to obtain is good.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
According to formulated electroplate liquid described in embodiment 1 ~ 6, specific as follows:
The quality of other feed composition is taken according to formula electronic balance.Dissolving this component raw material respectively by suitable quantity of water and mixed pours in beaker, then, adds water move to pre-determined volume, adds caustic soda and regulates pH to 8 ~ 9.
The electroplate liquid of formulated described in embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example is used to carry out electric plating method:
(1) negative electrode adopts the Q235 steel plate of 10mm × 10mm × 0.2mm specification.Metalluster is exposed with the polishing of WC28 abrasive paper for metallograph to surface again after first tentatively being polished with 200 order waterproof abrasive papers by steel plate.Successively through temperature be 50 ~ 70 DEG C chemical alkali liquor oil removing, distilled water flushing, 95% dehydrated alcohol oil removing, distilled water flushing.The formula of chemistry alkali lye is 40 ~ 60g/LNaOH, 50 ~ 70g/LNa
3pO
4, 20 ~ 30g/LNa
2cO
3with 3.5 ~ 10g/LNa
2siO
3.
(2) with the copper sheet of 10mm × 10mm × 0.2mm specification for anode, by level and smooth for sand papering, deionized water rinsing and oven dry before plating.
(3) by the electroplate liquid in pretreated anode and negative electrode immersion plating groove, just plating tank is placed in thermostat water bath, and is plating tank installation electric blender, the stirring rod of electric blender is inserted in electroplate liquid.Bath temperature to be regulated makes temperature of electroplating solution maintain 40 ~ 55 DEG C, and after mechanical stirring rotating speed is adjusted to 100 ~ 250rpm, make pulse power supply, the pulsewidth of pulsed current is 0.4 ~ 0.9ms, and dutycycle is 5 ~ 30%, and average current density is 0.5 ~ 1A/dm
2.After 15 ~ 40min to be energised, cut off the power supply of electroplanting device.Take out steel plate, use distilled water cleaning, drying.
Embodiment 1
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.4ms, and dutycycle is 30%, and average current density is 0.5A/dm
2; PH is 8, and temperature is 55 DEG C, and electroplating time is 40min.
Embodiment 2
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.5ms, and dutycycle is 25%, and average current density is 0.7A/dm
2; PH is 8.5, and temperature is 50 DEG C, and electroplating time is 30min.
Embodiment 3
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.7ms, and dutycycle is 20%, and average current density is 0.9A/dm
2; PH is 9, and temperature is 45 DEG C, and electroplating time is 20min.
Embodiment 4
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.9ms, and dutycycle is 15%, and average current density is 1A/dm
2; PH is 8, and temperature is 55 DEG C, and electroplating time is 15min.
Embodiment 5
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.8ms, and dutycycle is 5%, and average current density is 0.8A/dm
2; PH is 8.2, and temperature is 45 DEG C, and electroplating time is 20min.
Embodiment 6
The formula of electroplate liquid is as follows:
Plating technology condition: the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.7ms, and dutycycle is 10%, and average current density is 0.7A/dm
2; PH is 8.5, and temperature is 50 DEG C, and electroplating time is 25min.
With reference to following methods, dispersive ability test is carried out to the plating solution of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
The dispersive ability of plating solution adopts far and near cathode method (Haring-Blue method) to measure.Measure the Hull groove that groove adopts the HullCell267ml model of Kocour company of the U.S., interior dimensions is 150mm × 50mm × 70mm.Negative electrode selects thickness to be the copper sheet of 0.5mm, and working face is of a size of 50mm × 50mm; Anode is plating nickel plate with holes; Plating electric current 1A, electroplating time 30min.
The dispersive ability calculation formula of plating solution is:
Dispersive ability=[K-(the Δ M of plating solution
1/ Δ M
2)]/(K-1) (result represents with percentage);
In formula, K is negative electrode far away to the distance of anode and nearly negative electrode to the ratio of distances constant of anode, and in this test, K gets 2; Δ M
1for the increment (g) after plating on nearly negative electrode; Δ M
2for the increment (g) after plating on negative electrode far away.
With reference to following methods, covering power test is carried out to the plating solution of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
Endoporus method is adopted to measure.Negative electrode selects internal diameter l10mm, and pipe range is the copper pipe of 50mm, and one end is closed.During test, the distance of the mouth of pipe and anode is fixed on 80mm, test current 0.2A, electroplating time 30min.According to following formulae discovery:
Covering power=endoporus coating length/pipe range (result represents with percentage).
With reference to following methods, Surface flat test is carried out to the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
By the Hull groove of the HullCell267ml model with the Kocour company of the test piece U.S. after 200 order sand paperings evenly at 3A/dm
2dC current density carries out plating 10min at 25 DEG C of temperature, and whether then observe test piece has scratch.
With reference to following methods, current efficiency test is carried out to the plating solution of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
Copper voltameter method is adopted to measure.Negative electrode to be tested and copper voltameter cleaned and dry up rear electronic scale weighing, then insert in electrodeposit groove by two negative electrodes simultaneously, be energized 10 ~ 30min, take out and clean dry up after use electronic scale weighing.According to following formulae discovery:
Current efficiency=(1.186 × cathode quality to be measured)/(electrochemical equivalent of copper voltameter quality × cathodic deposition metal to be measured) × 100%.Here, electrochemical equivalent=molar mass ÷ (depositing ions valency × 26.8), unit is
g.A
-1.h
-1.In the embodiment of the present invention, cupric electrochemical equivalent is 1.186g.A
-1.h
-1.
Speed test is plated with reference to the plating solution of following methods to embodiment 1 ~ 6:
Mass method is adopted to measure sedimentation rate.Be 10 with sensitivity
-4electronic balance weighing sample plating before and after quality.By the acquisition sedimentation rate of poor quality of unit time, unit surface, press formulae discovery below:
Plating speed=(after plating before sample mass-plating sample mass)/(specimen surface to be plated long-pending × plating time).Each Data duplication is measured three times and is got its mean value.
Test with reference to the bonding force of following methods to the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
Test with reference to the bonding force of following methods to the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
The method adopting line to draw lattice measures the bonding force of coating, is specially: being 30 degree with one cutting edge by electrodeposition cladding, converted steel draws parallel lines or the 1mm that 2mm of being separated by drawn by cutter
2square lattice.Whether the coating observing line tilts or peels off.Should master the dynamics during line, a cutter just can scratch coating, arrives matrix metal.Adopt quench to measure the bonding force of coating, be specially: the test piece of having plated is placed in retort furnace quenching in the cold water being heated to 300 DEG C of insulation 30min taking-up immersion 10 DEG C immediately, observe coating and whether occur bubble and decortication phenomenon.
With reference to following methods, toughness test is carried out to the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
Coating is stripped down, is bent to 180 °, and extrudes knee, observe coating and whether occur fracture.
With reference to following methods, porosity test is carried out to the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6:
The large young pathbreaker of porosity is directly connected to the corrosion resisting property of coating, adopts paster method to press GB5935-86 standard detection.The etchant solution that the potassium ferricyanide solution of 10g/L and the sodium chloride solution of 20g/L are tested as porosity.Operation steps is: after wiped clean of being deoiled by coating surface, is close to coating surface with the filter paper soaking into etchant solution, and the two can not have gap.Buy the fully wetting filter paper of etchant solution solution by glass stick or de-ester swab stick, supplement a solution at interval of lmin, taken off by filter paper after 5min, dry after clean with distilled water flushing, record hole is counted.Be placed on cleaned glass plate and dry, the number of number Bluepoint.Substitute into formulae discovery voidage below:
Number/tested area (individual/the cm of porosity=spot
2)
When calculating number of apertures, do following calculating by spot diameter size: hot spot diameter is less than lmm, and with a porosimeter at often; Be greater than lmm and be less than 3mm often o'clock with three porosimeters; Be greater than 3mm and be less than 5mm, often with ten porosimeters.
The test result of the coating of embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example and the performance of plating solution is as follows:
As can be seen from the above table, in embodiment 1 ~ 6, consider from the integration test effect of plating solution and coating, the dispersive ability of the formula plating solution of embodiment 6, depth capability, Surface flat, current efficiency and plating speed, the porosity of coating, bonding force and toughness will be got well compared with other embodiment.Thus, this formula is screening formulation of the present invention, and the preferred plating conditions of its correspondence is the pulsewidth of monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.7ms, and dutycycle is 10%, and average current density is 0.7A/dm
2; PH is 8.5, and temperature is 50 DEG C, and electroplating time is 25min.
It should be noted that and understand, when not departing from the spirit and scope of accompanying claim the present invention for required protection, various amendment and improvement can be made to the present invention of foregoing detailed description.Therefore, the scope of claimed technical scheme is not by the restriction of given any specific exemplary teachings.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates detailed process equipment and process flow process of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process, namely do not mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention, to equivalence replacement and the interpolation of ancillary component, the concrete way choice etc. of each raw material of product of the present invention, all drops within protection scope of the present invention and open scope.
Claims (10)
1. hydroxylamine reduction agent is without the copper-plated electroplate liquid of cyanogen monovalence, it is characterized in that, comprises the Cu that content is 10 ~ 25g/L
2the hydroxylamine compound that 5, the 5-dimethyl hydantion that O, content are 76 ~ 128g/L, content are 20 ~ 40g/L, content are the aminopyridine of 0.05 ~ 0.15g/L and content is the gluconate of 10 ~ 20g/L.
2. electroplate liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the Cu that content is 14.4g/L
2the hydroxylamine compound that 5, the 5-dimethyl hydantion that O, content are 100g/L, content are 24g/L, content are the aminopyridine of 0.09g/L and content is the gluconate of 17g/L.
3. electroplate liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hydroxylamine compound is N-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
4. electroplate liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described aminopyridine is one in 4-aminopyridine, DMAP and PA or at least two kinds.
5. use the electroplate liquid electric plating method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) electroplate liquid is prepared: in water, dissolve each feed composition form electroplate liquid, described often liter of electroplate liquid contains 10 ~ 25gCu
2o, 76 ~ 128g5,5-dimethyl hydantion, 20 ~ 40g hydroxylamine compound, 0.05 ~ 0.15g aminopyridine and 10 ~ 20g gluconate;
(2) insert with pretreated negative electrode and anode and pass into electric current in described electroplate liquid and electroplate.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described electric current is monopulse rectangular wave current; The pulsewidth of described monopulse rectangular wave current is 0.4 ~ 0.9ms, and dutycycle is 5 ~ 30%, and average current density is 0.5 ~ 1A/dm
2.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the pH of electroplate liquid is 8 ~ 9.
8. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature of electroplate liquid is 40 ~ 55 DEG C.
9. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the time of plating is 15 ~ 40min.
10. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the area ratio of negative electrode and positive electrode is (1/2 ~ 2): 1.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410228678.5A CN105297087A (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2014-05-27 | Electroplating liquid for hydroxylamine reducing agent cyanide-free univalence copper plating and electroplating method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410228678.5A CN105297087A (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2014-05-27 | Electroplating liquid for hydroxylamine reducing agent cyanide-free univalence copper plating and electroplating method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105543909A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆立道表面技术有限公司 | Cyanide-free alkaline copper electroplating solution and electroplating technology |
| CN106521581A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-03-22 | 安庆师范大学 | Method for preparing Ni-Cr-P alloy clad layer through ionic liquid electroplating technology |
| CN108149285A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-12 | 广东达志环保科技股份有限公司 | Non-cyanide plating solution for copper-plating used and electro-plating method |
-
2014
- 2014-05-27 CN CN201410228678.5A patent/CN105297087A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105543909A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆立道表面技术有限公司 | Cyanide-free alkaline copper electroplating solution and electroplating technology |
| CN106521581A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-03-22 | 安庆师范大学 | Method for preparing Ni-Cr-P alloy clad layer through ionic liquid electroplating technology |
| CN108149285A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-12 | 广东达志环保科技股份有限公司 | Non-cyanide plating solution for copper-plating used and electro-plating method |
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