CN105291343A - 用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法 - Google Patents
用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105291343A CN105291343A CN201510341733.6A CN201510341733A CN105291343A CN 105291343 A CN105291343 A CN 105291343A CN 201510341733 A CN201510341733 A CN 201510341733A CN 105291343 A CN105291343 A CN 105291343A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- natural fiber
- long fibre
- plastics
- thermoplastic
- pellet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012899 standard injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
- B29B9/14—Making granules characterised by structure or composition fibre-reinforced
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
- B29B7/92—Wood chips or wood fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/08—Making granules by agglomerating smaller particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
- B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
- B29C2045/0008—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements the fibres being oriented randomly
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C2045/0091—Pellets or granules, e.g. their structure, composition, length, height, width
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2491/00—Use of waxes as filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0089—Impact strength or toughness
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法，其中5-120mm长的天然纤维、热塑性材料和/或热固性材料和蜡作为原材料未经挤压地采用冷成型粒化为长纤维粒料，随后为了直接加工处理立即将所述长纤维粒料提供给用于注塑纤维件的标准-注塑机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法。
背景技术
除了破璃纤维增强的塑料之外，天然纤维增强的塑料已被公知多年并且以多种方式被使用。在此，所用的热塑性的填充天然纤维的塑料原料颗粒(plasticgranulate)大多由最多45％的短天然纤维、至少50％的矿物油基聚合物或生物聚合物和高达10％的添加剂(包括5％的增附剂)组成。这些成分大多在单独的工作过程中在挤出机内在约180℃时热混合、颗粒化和冷却。在该过程中天然纤维长度显著缩短，并通过增附剂与聚合物牢固地连接。例如，DE102008046770A1披露了这种方法。
针对在注塑机中的处理，通常习惯通过挤出机首先产生塑料原料颗粒，将塑料原料颗粒直接输送给注塑机或者在附加的粒化之后输送给注塑机。在挤出过程中，显著缩短天然纤维的纤维长度(到1-3mm)，从而在不存在堵塞喷嘴风险的情况下也能够在注塑机内对这些天然纤维进行加工。从实际加工的角度来看，在注塑成型时最大上限同样在于重量百分比为45％的天然纤维。在比重更大时，堵塞的风险特別高，由此会对注塑机造成显著的且成本高昂的损坏。通过使用增附剂显著增大在注塑机的挤出机内的长纤维的摩擦，从而在注塑成型模具内会导致热流道的混合，在极端情况下会导致热流道的堵塞。
然而，就待制造的部件而言，显著缩短天然纤维长度是不利的，即机械材料特性通常会受到负面影响。例如，相比于使用长纤维时的情况，在使用具有短纤维长度的塑料件时通过增附剂刚性地介入到塑料基体中的断裂边缘(breakingedges)明显边缘更锋利。然而，为了颗粒的可加工性要忍受这一点。
现有技术DE102011116397A1例如公开了一种拉挤成型法，在该拉挤成型法中，采用树脂浸渍连续的纤维束。涉及一种热-方法，在该方法中，纤维束通过挤出机的交叉头来引导、利用融化的树脂包围在交叉头内、并且在这种情况下变热。在挤出机内已经发生了热作用。纤维在产生的粒料内除了沿着纵向方向延伸之外还基本上平行地延伸。所迷方法劳动强度高并且因此价格昂贵。
到目前为止，尤其是将木质纤维、亚麻纤维、剑麻纤维和大麻纤维用作纤维材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种用于天然纤维增强的塑料件的制造方法，相比于现有技术所述塑料件在不添加注塑成型时用于处理的增附剂的情况下具有更长的天然纤维。
该任务通过权利要求1的特征组合来完成。在此，提供了用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法，在该方法中，5-120mm长的天然纤维、特别是50-100mm长的天然纤维，热塑性材料(例如PP)和/或热固性材料，和润滑剂、特别是蜡作为原材料未经挤压地通过冷成型粒化为长纤维粒料，接下来在标准-注塑机内可以对长纤维粒料进行直接处理，其中为了注塑塑料件将所述长纤维粒料输送给标准-注塑机。
在塑料中的长天然纤维产生更高的刚度和强度。此外，具有天然纤维的由热塑性材料和/或热固性材料组成的原材料在不经过预先为了混合而进行的挤压工艺的情况下以冷成型粒化的形式进行输送，这样做具有对纤维进行较小缩短的优点。在粒化时，将纤维缩短到最大限定的长度。
在本发明中，在冷成型的情况下变形定义在25℃-85℃的温度范围内。对粒料的材料的第一热作用(所述热作用比基体材料的熔点要高)并不是如现有技术那样地已经在前置的挤出机内进行，而是首先在注塑机内进行。
所用的原材料没有化学粘合剂，热塑性材料和/或热固性材料、润滑剂和天然纤维专门用于生产粒料。
使用蜡代替常规的增附剂带来了以下优点：天然纤维因蜡在融化时的低熔点而在处理期间可以在注塑机内自由移动，并且由此不会显著缩短。此外，在注塑成型期间，蜡会辅助天然纤维连接，从而使得纤维在部件内的分布明显更加均匀。例如聚乙烯蜡可以用作所述蜡。
按本发明，优选应用由烘烤的大麻、烘烤的亚麻或竹子构成的天然纤维。
有利的是，在长纤维粒料内的天然纤维在冷成型后具有5-40mm的长度，进一步优选为5-30mm的长度，进一步优选为5-16mm的长度。在注塑成型中对粒料进行处理之后并且在对塑料件进行注塑之后规定：优选为5-16mm长的天然纤维随后在注塑的塑料件中还具有5-14mm的长度。这对组件的机械性能特別有利。因此，相比于已知的方法，在成品部件中实现了天然纤维长度的明显延长，因为最终部件中的现有的纤维长度在大多数情况下都不长于3mm。
在粒化时有利的是，天然纤维在长纤维的粒料中仅具有一个唯一的方向变化，其中天然纤维分别偏转一次，并且其在粒料内的总长度加倍。在实际应用中，天然纤维为此沿着纵向方向输送给圆柱形的粒料的纵轴线，并且一次偏转到圆柱形粒料的纵向轴线提供在纵向方向上，一次大约偏转180度，从而使得它们基本上U-形地在颗粒的纵轴线内延伸。
所产生的长纤维粒料优选具有5-30mm的长度和4-7mm的直径。
纤维的方向变化或偏转通过采用颗粒化-凹模进行的粒料制造来实现。在这种情况下规定，纤维作为松散材料和热塑性材料或热固性材料在限定的重量分布中输送给制粒过程，其中热塑性材料或热固性材料以直径为1-3mm的微-颗粒的形式存在。
为了实现根据本发明所期望的颗粒尺寸，使用孔直径为5mm至6mm的颗粒化-凹模。
重量分布为50％至55％的天然纤维和45％至50％的热塑性材料和蜡或添加剂被确定为预先定义的重量分布。
在使用平模成粒机作为用于生产粒料的颗粒化-凹模时，热塑性材料以微-颗粒的形式用作天然纤维进入到凹模的孔内的辅助。这意味着，松散地位于颗粒化凹模内的天然纤维通过颗粒件在进入到孔内时经受弯曲。在本发明中，将直径小于3mm的粒度(particlesize)定义为“微-颗粒”。未经预先处理的天然纤维，在特定情况下大麻和亚麻允许以小于3mm的弯曲半径弯曲超过180°，从而在微-颗粒进入到颗粒化-凹模内时，所述天然纤维可以沿着其颗粒表面弯曲。未满足这些要求的材料，例如竹纤维，如在现有技术中使用挤出机时所发生的那样地在平模成粒机中被碾磨小。
采用根据本发明所述的方法，在注塑机内的纤维不导致堵塞喷嘴的情况下，可以将大量的天然纤维并排地布置在长纤维粒料内部，并且重量百分数的总份额可以确定到超过50％。就根据本发明所述的方法而言有利的是，在注塑成型期间天然纤维被连接起来，从而改善了成品部件的机械性能。关于纤维长度结合超过50％份额的填充纤维，在成品组件中得到垫状的纤维结构。机械的抓取或缠绕明显提高了机械值以及冲击强度。就组件的断裂而言，极性长纤维被从非极性的凹模中拉出来，而不会产生锋利的断裂点。在这种情况下，所述组件能够吸收明显更高的冲击力。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，将添加剂，特別是润滑剂、着色剂和/或天然的填充材料供应给长纤维粒料，以便调节加工性能、机械性能或外观。
根据本发明规定，天然纤维的份额至少为重量百分比的50％，热塑性材料和/或热固性材料的份额最高为重量百分比的48％，并且蜡的份额至少为重量百分比的2％。虽然在现有技术中描述了：曾使用的天然纤维份额超过50％，但是这种具有超过3mm的纤维长度的组合物不能在注塑成型时被加工。实际上，用于在注塑机中加工颗粒内的塑料的天然纤维份额目前限制为最大45％。通过机械的粒化和天然纤维在粒料中的取向，该份额可得到显著提高。
在本发明的实施方式中规定，选择由聚烯烃特別是聚丙烯组成的热塑性材料、共混系统和生物塑料。
采用根据本发明所述的方法还可以制造以下组件，在这些组件中，直接后注塑塑料件的二维-或三维的装饰面。在这种情况下也可以一起注塑连接件或紧固件。因此，装饰件可在一次工作过程中制成。
在从属权利要求中阐述了本发明的其它有利的改进方案。然而，在其设计方面，本发明并不局限于上述优选的实施例。相反，可考虑多种变型，从所述的解决方案出发，所述变型也可以用在基本上不同种类的设计中。因此，例如，可以混合不同的纤维种类或者调整颗粒大小，以便进一步增大纤维长度
附图说明
附图1a-1c示例性且示意性地示出了冷成型的粒化方法以及用于随后输送给常规的注塑机的、冷成型的粒料。
具体实施方式
在图1a中示出了平模成粒机的许多孔10中的一个的示意性俯视图。天然纤维20放置在平模成粒机内并且在孔10的边缘部分上延伸。此外，将附有润滑剂的热塑性材料和/或热固性材料处理成微-颗粒30的形式，使得天然纤维20和微-颗粒30处于无序混合状态。根据按照图1b的示意性的侧视图，通过未示出的凸模将天然纤维20和微-颗粒30压入通过孔10，其中微-颗粒30部分地包围天然纤维20，并且由微-颗粒30汇集的天然纤维20产生高达180°的弯曲。微-颗粒30用作使得天然纤维20进入到颗粒化凹模的相应孔10内的辅助。所述过程在不会主动引入热的冷状态下进行。在图1c中示出了具有无序地分散在其中的微-颗粒30和天然纤维的、从孔10压制的粒料40。天然纤维20在产生的粒料40内的总纤维长度可以通过弯曲显著增大长达40mm。粒料40被输送给注塑机，并且待生产的塑料件在注塑成型中被注塑。随后，天然纤维在注塑的塑料件中还会具有可测量到的5-14mm的长度。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法，其中5-120mm长的天然纤维、热塑性材料和/或热固性材料和润滑剂作为原材料未经挤压地通过冷成型粒化为长纤维粒料，接下来为了加工处理将所述长纤维粒料输送给用于注塑塑料件的标准-注塑机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述润滑剂为蜡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述天然纤维无序地分布在长纤维粒料内，在所述冷成型中经历至少一次方向改变的弯曲，并且具有5-40mm的长度。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述天然纤维无序地分布在长纤维粒料内，在所述冷成型中经历至少一次方向改变的弯曲，并且具有5-40mm的长度。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述原材料没有粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述长纤维粒料具有5-30mm的长度和4-7mm的直径。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述天然纤维、所述热塑性材料和/或热固性材料和所述润滑剂输送给颗粒化凹模以便粒化，并且在冷成型的情况下通过颗粒化凹模挤压，其中所述天然纤维通过颗粒化凹模转向，并且在产生的长纤维粒料内具有比所述长纤维粒料的长度更长的总长度。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料和/或热固性材料和所述润滑剂构成为直径为1-3mm的颗粒。
9.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将添加剂供应给所述长纤维粒料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述添加剂是润滑剂、着色剂和/或天然的填充材料。
11.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述塑料件在注塑成型模中注塑。
12.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在注塑成型过程中所述天然纤维被连接起来。
13.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述原材料中天然纤维的份额超过重量百分比的50％，所述热塑性材料和/或热固性材料的份额最高为重量百分比的48％，并且所述润滑剂的份额至少为重量百分比的2％。
14.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，基于可再生的原料选择由聚烯烃组成的热塑性材料、共混系统和生物塑料。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述聚烯烃是聚丙烯。
16.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，直接后注塑所述塑料件的二维-或三维的装饰面。
17.一种塑料件，其采用根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法进行制造。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014108820.4A DE102014108820A1 (de) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines naturfaserverstärkten Kunststoffteils |
| DE102014108820.4 | 2014-06-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105291343A true CN105291343A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105291343B CN105291343B (zh) | 2019-04-05 |
Family
ID=53284026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510341733.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105291343B (zh) | 2014-06-24 | 2015-06-18 | 用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9597820B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2960029B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN105291343B (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102014108820A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2689028T3 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11235499B2 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2022-02-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Natural fiber layer with injection molded surface |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009138108A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Toyota Boshoku Corp | 熱可塑性組成物成形体の製造方法 |
| US20090229771A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2009-09-17 | Jeremy Martin Warnes | Method for Producing Wood Fibre Pellets |
| DE102008046770A1 (de) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Polytec Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Direktcompoundieren von Naturfasern |
| US20130207297A1 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-15 | Weyerhaeuser Nr Company | Process for Making Composite Polymer |
| US20130276670A1 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-10-24 | Weyerhaeuser Nr Company | Process for Making Composite Polymer |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19960991C1 (de) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-03-22 | Clariant Gmbh | Formmasse zur Herstellung pulvermetallischer oder keramischer Erzeugnisse |
| DE10045794A1 (de) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-04-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zwischenproduktes für die Erzeugung von Kunststoff-Formkörpern |
| JP4371373B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-29 | 2009-11-25 | ヤマハリビングテック株式会社 | 木質系成形体の製造方法および木質系成形体 |
| JP5380816B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-26 | 2014-01-08 | トヨタ紡織株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物の製造方法及び熱可塑性樹脂成形体の製造方法 |
| US20120098160A1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for producing resin molded article |
-
2014
- 2014-06-24 DE DE102014108820.4A patent/DE102014108820A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-05-26 EP EP15169261.3A patent/EP2960029B1/de active Active
- 2015-05-26 ES ES15169261.3T patent/ES2689028T3/es active Active
- 2015-06-15 US US14/739,463 patent/US9597820B2/en active Active
- 2015-06-18 CN CN201510341733.6A patent/CN105291343B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090229771A1 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2009-09-17 | Jeremy Martin Warnes | Method for Producing Wood Fibre Pellets |
| JP2009138108A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Toyota Boshoku Corp | 熱可塑性組成物成形体の製造方法 |
| DE102008046770A1 (de) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Polytec Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Direktcompoundieren von Naturfasern |
| US20130207297A1 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-15 | Weyerhaeuser Nr Company | Process for Making Composite Polymer |
| US20130276670A1 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-10-24 | Weyerhaeuser Nr Company | Process for Making Composite Polymer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2960029B1 (de) | 2018-07-25 |
| EP2960029A1 (de) | 2015-12-30 |
| US20150367533A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| US9597820B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
| CN105291343B (zh) | 2019-04-05 |
| ES2689028T3 (es) | 2018-11-08 |
| DE102014108820A1 (de) | 2015-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10576662B2 (en) | Fiber-reinforced molding compounds and methods of forming and using the same | |
| CN101360593A (zh) | 含有扁平玻璃纤维的粒料、含有扁平玻璃纤维的热塑性树脂成型物以及它们的制造方法 | |
| CN104004354B (zh) | 一种长玻纤增强尼龙66材料的注塑成型方法 | |
| CN102729450B (zh) | 长纤维增强热塑性树脂复合板材/片材的制备装置及方法 | |
| CN105291343A (zh) | 用于制造天然纤维增强的塑料件的方法 | |
| CN106589849A (zh) | 改性pbt材料在超声波焊接材料中的应用 | |
| CN107793739A (zh) | 一种长玻纤增强聚酮材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN102834239A (zh) | 具有同心空隙结构的喷嘴头隔离体 | |
| Huber et al. | Natural fibre composite processing: A technical overview | |
| JP6173996B2 (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂組成物の製造に使用する二軸押出機 | |
| US20080303185A1 (en) | Molding System and Process for Making Product having Reduced Warpage Susceptibility | |
| JP2018167409A (ja) | 繊維強化樹脂成形品の製造方法 | |
| CN102729492B (zh) | 长纤维增强热塑性树脂的成型方法 | |
| JP6821354B2 (ja) | 二軸押出機 | |
| JP5872663B1 (ja) | 射出装置、成形装置及び成形品の製造方法 | |
| CN204109318U (zh) | 一种木塑复合材料外墙板型材模具 | |
| CN105754193A (zh) | 一种热塑性复合材料产品 | |
| JP2023079184A (ja) | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形品の成形機、および成形品の製造方法 | |
| CN105437513A (zh) | 一种提高玻璃纤维性能的螺杆挤出工艺 | |
| Scheruebl et al. | The use of different natural fibres in the compression moulding process a highly competitive approach | |
| US20120256339A1 (en) | Flame retardant composite materials | |
| CN106945223A (zh) | 短碳纤维复合材料的成型方法 | |
| TH121218B (th) | วิธีการผลิตผลิตภัณฑ์คอมโพสิตที่เป็นเส้นใยไม้-พลาสติก | |
| DE102013216036A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20190405 |