A kind of preparation method of oxide coated lithium ion battery positive electrode nickel ion doped
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery material technical field, especially a kind of oxide coated lithium ion battery anode material nickel manganese
The preparation method of sour lithium.
Background technology
Lithium-ion-power cell is generally acknowledged most potential on-vehicle battery both at home and abroad at present, mainly by positive electrode, negative
The part such as pole material, diaphragm, electrolyte forms;Wherein, positive electrode is the important component of lithium ion battery, and is determined
The key factor of performance of lithium ion battery;Therefore, from the aspect of resource, environmental protection and security performance, lithium ion battery is found
Ideal electrode active material is still international energy material worker primary problem to be solved.
Current commercialized anode material for lithium-ion batteries mainly has cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO2), LiMn2O4 (LiMn2O4)
With LiFePO4 (LiFePO4);Cobalt acid lithium is to be now widely used for the positive electrode of small-scale lithium ion cell, but since cobalt has
Poison, resource reserve are limited expensive, and the battery security that assembles as positive electrode of cobalt acid lithium material and thermal stability are not
It is good, it will produce oxygen at high temperature, can not meet the technology requirement of power battery;LiMn2O4 is although cheap, environmentally friendly, peace
Entirely, high rate performance and have a safety feature, but its theoretical capacity is not high, recycle performance, thermal stability and high-temperature behavior compared with
Difference, greatest problem in the application is that cycle performance is bad, and especially under high temperature, Manganic ion and big multiplying power in material are put
The divalent manganesetion formed in particle surface when electric so that the dissolving of material in the electrolytic solution is apparent, finally destroys LiMn2O4
Structure, also reduce the cycle performance of material;The lithium manganate material that can really use on the market at present is all to pass through modification
What measure obtained, on the one hand this modified measures need the synthesis device of high standard, be on the other hand also required to be to reduce material
Reversible capacity be cost, so these materials are to the replacement for being difficult to realize cobalt acid lithium so far;LiFePO4 is in recent years
Cause the Olivine-type Cathode Material in Li-ion Batteries of extensive concern, it has superior security performance and good recycling
Can, there is preferable application prospect, but the tap density of the material is small and voltage platform is relatively low, therefore compare energy after being fabricated to battery
It is low so that it is not suitable for the occasion required applied to high-energy density.
For current technology, the these types of positive electrode of commercialization relative to graphite cathode voltage 4V with
Under, to limit the power of battery, therefore, develop the Ni doping of high voltage, high power capacity, safety and good cycle
LiMn2O4Have 5V grades of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, have to the development of high power lithium ion power battery for electric vehicle important
Realistic meaning.
Invention content
It is obtained the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of oxide coated lithium ion battery positive electrode nickel ion doped
Nickel ion doped has 5.0V high potential discharge platforms, can provide higher operating voltage and energy and power density.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that:
A kind of preparation method of oxide coated lithium ion battery positive electrode nickel ion doped, it is characterised in that including following
Step:
(1) preparation of manganese salt, nickel salt material:Manganese salt, nickel salt material are pressed into Mn:Ni molar ratios are 3:1, which carries out dispensing, mixes
It closes;
(2) sol-gal process prepares nickel manganese presoma:Mixture obtained by step (1) is added in chelating agent, carbonic acid is used
Hydrogen ammonia adjusts pH 8~10, and pure water is added under stirring, being fabricated to metal Mn+Ni ion concentrations is to sticky in stirring
Settling agent is added to precipitating completely in the solution of 100~150g/l, and filtering, drying precipitate obtains nickel manganese presoma;
(3) three-dimensional inclined mixing:The nickel manganese presoma obtained by step (2) is being situated between with lithium salts using three-dimensional inclined mixing machine
Disperseed under matter, mix 2~4h, obtains intermediate mixture;
(4) it is pre-sintered:Intermediate mixture obtained by step (3) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 500~600 DEG C of sintering temperature, and 4~6h of constant temperature time obtains pre-sintered mass;
(5) high temperature sintering:Pre-sintered mass obtained by step (4) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 800~900 DEG C of sintering temperature, and 9.5~10.5h of constant temperature time obtains high temperature sintering material;
(6) wet method coats:As wet method cladding process in step (5) obtained by high temperature sintering surface of material cladding contain metal
The oxide of cation, obtains cladding material;
(7) third time low-temperature sintering:Cladding material obtained by step (6) is washed, press filtration, drying, sintering, sintering temperature
Degree is 300~400 DEG C, 4~6h of constant temperature time;
(8) it post-processes:The product that step (7) is obtained carry out air-flow crushing, classification obtain oxide coat lithium from
Sub- battery anode material nickel LiMn2O4 finished product.
Further, in step (3), the molar ratio of Li is (0.95~1.0) in Mn+Ni and lithium salts in nickel manganese presoma:
1。
Further, in step (1), the manganese salt material is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride;
The nickel salt material is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate;In step (3), the lithium salt material is carbonic acid
Lithium.
Further, the detailed step of step (6) the wet method cladding process is:With the high temperature sintering obtained by step (5)
Material is base-material, and using pure water as bottom liquid, at 40~80 DEG C, 80~150r/min stirrings will be containing metal cation for temperature control
Solution, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide cocurrent are added, and pH is 10.5~11.5 for control, and metal cation oxygen is generated at 40~80 DEG C
Compound is deposited in base-material surface;Further, the solution containing metal cation is containing Zn2+、Ti4+、Zr4+Or Sn4+In
A kind of solution of ion;Wherein, metal Mn+Ni and the mass ratio containing metal cation in metal cation solution are in base-material
1000:(1.5~0.5).
Further, the medium that inclined mixing uses in the step (3) is one kind in zirconia ball or polyurethane ball.
Further, in step (2), the chelating agent is polyethylene glycol-1000, Polyethylene glycol-2000, polyethylene glycol-
One or both of 4000 and polyethylene glycol-1000 0;Further, in step (2), the quality of the chelating agent is gold
Belong to the 80~120% of Mn+Ni mass.
Further, in step (2), the settling agent is hydroxymethyl cellulose, and the quality being added is metal Mn+Ni matter
The 3~5% of amount.
The preparation method of above-described oxide coated lithium ion battery positive electrode nickel ion doped has following excellent
Gesture:
(1) nickel manganese presoma stability is good:Nickel manganese presoma is prepared using sol-gel method, and has selected suitable chela
Mixture enhances the stability of nickel manganese presoma.
(2) batch mixing uniformity is more preferable:Using special three-dimensional inclined mixing procedure, make raw material close to molecular level level
It is uniformly mixed.
(3) excellent product performance:It has coated and has contained in nickel ion doped material surface by using special wet method cladding process
The oxide of metal cation further improves the cycle performance and high-temperature behavior of nickel ion doped;In addition, also using improved gas
Stream crushing and classification equipment post-processes finished product, and the product granularity produced is moderate and is evenly distributed, and tap density is big, makes it
There is good processing performance in lithium ion battery production process.
(4) relatively low to raw material and equipment requirement:This method uses succinct technological process, is allowed to be easier to industrialization;
Raw materials and equipment originate from domestic manufacturer, greatly reduce industrialization cost.
(5) product stability is good:This programme is readily produced since control point is few, and production process is easy control, is obtained
Product stability is good.
(6) have the advantages that the less, technically reliable of investment, operating cost are low etc., have good economic benefit, have good
Market popularization value.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope and application range of the present invention are not
It is limited to following embodiment:
One, the preparation of nickel ion doped
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of manganese salt, nickel salt material:Manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid nickel material are pressed into Mn:Ni molar ratios are 3:1 is matched
Material mixing;
(2) sol-gal process prepares nickel manganese presoma:Chelating agent polyethylene glycol-is added in mixture obtained by step (1)
In 1000, the quality of chelating agent is the 120% of metal Mn+Ni mass, and pH is adjusted 8~10 with ammonium hydrogencarbonate, stirring to sticky,
Pure water is added under stirring, is fabricated to the solution that metal Mn+Ni ion concentrations are 100g/l, addition quality is metal Mn+
The settling agent hydroxymethyl cellulose of the 3% of Ni mass is complete to precipitating, and filtering, drying precipitate obtains nickel manganese presoma;
(3) three-dimensional inclined mixing:Using three-dimensional inclined mixing machine by the nickel manganese presoma and lithium carbonate obtained by step (2)
Disperseed in the case where polyurethane ball is medium, mix 2h, metal (Mn+Ni):Li molar ratios are 0.95:1, obtain intermediate mixing
Object;
(4) it is pre-sintered:Intermediate mixture obtained by step (3) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 500 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 6h obtains pre-sintered mass;
(5) high temperature sintering:Pre-sintered mass obtained by step (4) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 900 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 9.5h obtains high temperature sintering material;
(6) wet method coats:Using the high temperature sintering material obtained by step (5) as base-material, using pure water as bottom liquid, temperature control exists
40 DEG C, solution of zinc sulfate, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide cocurrent are added for 80r/min stirrings, and pH is 11.0 for control, are produced at 40 DEG C
Raw zinc oxide precipitate obtains cladding material on base-material surface;Wherein, in base-material in metal Mn+Ni, solution of zinc sulfate zinc ion matter
Amount is than being 1000:1.0;
(7) third time low-temperature sintering:Cladding material obtained by step (6) is washed, press filtration, drying, sintering, sintering
Temperature is 400 DEG C, constant temperature time 4h;
(8) it post-processes:The product that step (7) is obtained carry out air-flow crushing, classification obtain oxide coat lithium from
Sub- battery anode material nickel LiMn2O4 finished product.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of manganese salt, nickel salt material:Manganese nitrate, nitric acid nickel material are pressed into Mn:Ni molar ratios are 3:1 is matched
Material mixing;
(2) sol-gal process prepares nickel manganese presoma:Chelating agent polyethylene glycol-is added in mixture obtained by step (1)
In 4000, the quality of chelating agent is the 100% of metal Mn+Ni mass, and pH is adjusted 8~10 with ammonium hydrogencarbonate, stirring to sticky,
Pure water is added under stirring, is fabricated to the solution that metal Mn+Ni ion concentrations are 120g/l, addition quality is metal Mn+
The settling agent hydroxymethyl cellulose of the 5% of Ni mass is complete to precipitating, and filtering, drying precipitate obtains nickel manganese presoma;
(3) three-dimensional inclined mixing:Using three-dimensional inclined mixing machine by the nickel manganese presoma and lithium carbonate obtained by step (2)
Disperseed in the case where zirconia ball is medium, mix 4h, metal (Mn+Ni):Li molar ratios are 0.97:1, obtain intermediate mixing
Object;
(4) it is pre-sintered:Intermediate mixture obtained by step (3) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 600 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 4h obtains pre-sintered mass;
(5) high temperature sintering:Pre-sintered mass obtained by step (4) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 800 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 10.5h obtains high temperature sintering material;
(6) wet method coats:Using the high temperature sintering material obtained by step (5) as base-material, using pure water as bottom liquid, temperature control exists
80 DEG C, zirconium nitrate solution, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide cocurrent are added for 100r/min stirrings, and pH is 10.5 for control, at 80 DEG C
It generates zirconium oxide and is deposited in base-material surface, obtain cladding material;Wherein, zirconium ion in metal Mn+Ni, zirconium nitrate solution in base-material
Mass ratio is 1000:0.5;
(7) third time low-temperature sintering:Cladding material obtained by step (6) is washed, press filtration, drying, sintering, sintering
Temperature is 300 DEG C, constant temperature time 6h;
(8) it post-processes:The product that step (7) is obtained carry out air-flow crushing, classification obtain oxide coat lithium from
Sub- battery anode material nickel LiMn2O4 finished product.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of manganese salt, nickel salt material:Manganese chloride, chlorination nickel material are pressed into Mn:Ni molar ratios are 3:1 is matched
Material mixing;
(2) sol-gal process prepares nickel manganese presoma:Chelating agent polyethylene glycol-is added in mixture obtained by step (1)
2000, the quality of chelating agent is the 80% of metal Mn+Ni mass, and pH is adjusted 8~10 with ammonium hydrogencarbonate, and stirring is stirred to sticky
It mixes and pure water is added under state, be fabricated to the solution that metal Mn+Ni ion concentrations are 150g/l, addition quality is metal Mn+Ni
The settling agent hydroxymethyl cellulose of the 4% of quality is complete to precipitating, and filtering, drying precipitate obtains nickel manganese presoma;
(3) three-dimensional inclined mixing:Using three-dimensional inclined mixing machine by the nickel manganese presoma and lithium carbonate obtained by step (2)
Disperseed in the case where polyurethane ball is medium, mix 3h, metal (Mn+Ni):Li molar ratios are 1:1, obtain intermediate mixture;
(4) it is pre-sintered:Intermediate mixture obtained by step (3) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 500 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 5h obtains pre-sintered mass;
(5) high temperature sintering:Pre-sintered mass obtained by step (4) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 850 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 10h obtains high temperature sintering material;
(6) wet method coats:Using the high temperature sintering material obtained by step (5) as base-material, using pure water as bottom liquid, temperature control exists
60 DEG C, titanium tetrachloride solution, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide cocurrent are added for 150r/min stirrings, and pH is 11.5 for control, 60
DEG C generate TiO2It is deposited in base-material surface, obtains cladding material;Wherein, titanium ion in metal Mn+Ni, titanium tetrachloride solution in base-material
Mass ratio be 1000:1.5;
(7) third time low-temperature sintering:Cladding material obtained by step (6) is washed, press filtration, drying, sintering, sintering
Temperature is 350 DEG C, constant temperature time 6h;
(8) it post-processes:The product that step (7) is obtained carry out air-flow crushing, classification obtain oxide coat lithium from
Sub- battery anode material nickel LiMn2O4 finished product.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of manganese salt, nickel salt material:Manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid nickel material are pressed into Mn:Ni molar ratios are 3:1 is matched
Material mixing;
(2) sol-gal process prepares nickel manganese presoma:Chelating agent polyethylene glycol-is added in mixture obtained by step (1)
10000, the quality of chelating agent is the 80% of metal Mn+Ni mass, and pH is adjusted 8~10 with ammonium hydrogencarbonate, and stirring is stirred to sticky
It mixes and pure water is added under state, be fabricated to the solution that metal Mn+Ni ion concentrations are 140g/l, addition quality is metal Mn+Ni
The settling agent hydroxymethyl cellulose of the 4% of quality is complete to precipitating, and filtering, drying precipitate obtains nickel manganese presoma;
(3) three-dimensional inclined mixing:Using three-dimensional inclined mixing machine by the nickel manganese presoma and lithium carbonate obtained by step (2)
Disperseed in the case where polyurethane ball is medium, mix 3h, metal (Mn+Ni):Li molar ratios are 0.99:1, obtain intermediate mixing
Object;
(4) it is pre-sintered:Intermediate mixture obtained by step (3) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 550 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 5h obtains pre-sintered mass;
(5) high temperature sintering:Pre-sintered mass obtained by step (4) is packed into saggar, pushed bat kiln is sent into and is sintered, be sintered
Process is continual to be filled with oxygen, 850 DEG C of sintering temperature, and constant temperature time 10h obtains high temperature sintering material;
(6) wet method coats:Using the high temperature sintering material obtained by step (5) as base-material, using pure water as bottom liquid, temperature control exists
50 DEG C, sulfuric acid solution of tin, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide cocurrent are added for 130r/min stirrings, and pH is 11.4 for control, at 50 DEG C
Generate SnO2It is deposited in base-material surface, obtains cladding material;Wherein, in base-material in metal Mn+Ni, sulfuric acid solution of tin tin ion matter
Amount is than being 1000:1.3;
(7) third time low-temperature sintering:Cladding material obtained by step (6) is washed, press filtration, drying, sintering, sintering
Temperature is 350 DEG C, constant temperature time 5h;
(8) it post-processes:The product that step (7) is obtained carry out air-flow crushing, classification obtain oxide coat lithium from
Sub- battery anode material nickel LiMn2O4 finished product.
Two, nickel ion doped performance test made from distinct methods