CN105278093B - It is a kind of to be used for the system of astronomical target imaging - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be used for the system of astronomical target imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN105278093B CN105278093B CN201510641926.3A CN201510641926A CN105278093B CN 105278093 B CN105278093 B CN 105278093B CN 201510641926 A CN201510641926 A CN 201510641926A CN 105278093 B CN105278093 B CN 105278093B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of astronomical target imaging system.Technical scheme includes telescope objective, wide range polarization splitting prism, central control unit, digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator, first camera, second camera, the first relay lens, the second relay lens, the 3rd relay lens, the 4th relay lens, wide spectrum quarter wave plate.First relay lens is located between telescope objective and wide range polarization splitting prism；Second relay lens is located between wide range polarization splitting prism and second camera；3rd relay lens is located between wide range polarization splitting prism and digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator；4th relay lens is located between wide range polarization splitting prism and first camera.Wide spectrum quarter wave plate is located between wide range polarization splitting prism and the 3rd relay lens.First relay lens, the second relay lens, the 3rd relay lens, the 4th relay lens are just being put to four available surfaces of wide range polarization splitting prism respectively.The present invention can obtain the blur-free imaging of the astronomical target in big visual field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to astronomical target imaging technical field, it is related to a kind of astronomical target blur-free imaging method and system, enters
One step is to be related to a kind of to realize the method and system of astronomical target blur-free imaging by evaluating the out-of-focus image quality of point target.
Background technology
Mainly there are three kinds currently used for the method for astronomical target imaging, be adaptive optics method, image deconvolution respectively
Method and lucky imaging method.Adaptive optics method is with high costs and can only be worked in the range of small field of view.Image debatching
Product method more takes and also relatively limited to the improvement of image quality.The method being luckily imaged is clapped by the long-time to target
Take the photograph, the excellent person of imaging is filtered out from image sequence and is superimposed so as to obtain the blur-free imaging of astronomical target, this method is realized
Simply, it is with low cost, it has been widely adopted.
To filter out as good image of fine quality, lucky imaging method needs corresponding image quality evaluation means, common
Have a Si Telieer ratio method and shade of gray evaluation assessment, Si Telieer ratio method by calculate the encircled energy of point target in image come
Evaluate image quality.But the quality of picture quality be it is related to the intensity of atmospheric turbulance, the encircled energy of point target this
One index can not accurately describe the intensity of atmospheric turbulance, thus be accordingly used in incorrect during evaluation image quality.Shade of gray evaluation assessment
Image quality is evaluated by calculating in image objective contour contrast, when this method is applied to the astronomical target of extension, because
Comprising many isoplanatic regions in image, the image quality of each isoplanatic region independently changes, and view picture picture rich in detail can be caused to occur
Probability is very low, so that the image chosen has the problem of regional area obscures serious.
The complicated mechanism of atmospheric turbulance, can make the light field that target is sent by random disturbances.Traditional imaging means pass through
Object intrusion light field carries out being overlapped mutually acquisition imaging results, and the process does not utilize atmospheric perturbation information, can not from image
Reconstruct real optical field distribution.Therefore in the case where not utilizing guiding associated image, directly it is difficult to sentence from target image
Whether its imaging break by atmospheric interference, or the degree of interference is how many.
The content of the invention
The invention technical problem to be solved is：There is provided a kind of new based on a kind of new astronomical target imaging system by the present invention
Astronomical target imaging method, this method realized by evaluating the uniformity of the out-of-focus image of one or more independent point targets
The selection in fortune image region, different fortune image regions is spliced the blur-free imaging for obtaining the astronomical target in big visual field.
Technical scheme one is：
A kind of astronomical target imaging system, including telescope objective (1), wide range polarization splitting prism (2), center control dress
Put (3), digital micromirror part (Digital Micro Device, DMD) formula spatial light modulator (4), first camera (5),
Second camera (6), the first relay lens (7), the second relay lens (8), the 3rd relay lens (9), the 4th relay lens (10), wide spectrum 1/
4 wave plates (11), it is characterised in that：First relay lens (7) is located between telescope objective (1) and wide range polarization splitting prism (2),
Its focal plane position
Overlapped with telescope objective (1) focal plane position；Second relay lens (8) is located at wide range polarization splitting prism
(2) between second camera (6), its focal plane position is overlapped with the photosurface position of second camera (6)；In 3rd
It is located at after mirror (9) between wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4), its focal plane
Position is overlapped with digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4) photosurface position；4th relay lens (10) position
Between wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and first camera (5), its focal plane position and the photosurface of first camera (5)
Position is staggered certain distance, and the distance referred to as defocusing amount, focal plane is equal in the front and back of first camera (5) photosurface
Can.Wide spectrum quarter wave plate (11) is located between wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and the 3rd relay lens (9).First relay lens (7),
Second relay lens (8), the 3rd relay lens (9), the 4th relay lens (10) respectively just can to four of wide range polarization splitting prism (2)
Surface is put, and the main shaft of four relay lenses is each perpendicular to the corresponding square surface of wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and led to
Cross the midpoint of square surface.Central control unit (3) respectively with first camera (5), second camera (6) and the micro- reflection of numeral
Device type spatial light modulator (4) is electrically connected.
It is more directly perceived in order to state, first camera (5) is hereafter referred to as defocus camera (5), second camera (6) is referred to as in Jiao
Camera (6).
Technical scheme two is：
A kind of astronomical target imaging method, the astronomical target imaging system provided using technical scheme one, is specifically included down
State step：
The first step, sets imaging coordinate system：
UOV coordinate systems, wherein UOV coordinates are set up on the photosurface of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4)
It is the center that origin O is located at photosurface, U axles and V axles are respectively parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edge of photosurface.In defocus phase
XO is set up on the photosurface of machine (5)1Y-coordinate system, wherein XO1Y-coordinate system origin O1Positioned at the center of photosurface, X-axis and Y-axis point
Not parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edge of photosurface.X is set up on the photosurface of burnt camera (6)1O2Y1Coordinate system, wherein
X1O2Y1Coordinate origin O2Positioned at the center of photosurface, X1Axle and Y1Axle is respectively parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edges of photosurface
Edge.
Second step, selects the independent point target for being suitable for the evaluation of defocus light field.
Astronomical target image is obtained using continuous IMAQ is carried out in burnt camera (6), if certain width astronomy target image
In at least there are two point targets by three times following screenings, then stop IMAQ：
Screen for the first time：The point target for selecting brightness sufficiently strong.The sufficiently strong point target of brightness refer to the point target from
Pixel average gray value is more than the threshold value of setting in the correspondence image that burnt camera (5) is gathered, and threshold value is set according to actual conditions,
It is 10 generally to set threshold value.Assuming that the point target number for meeting the screening conditions is e (e >=2).
Programmed screening：In the e point target filtered out, it is assumed that wherein some point target with its closest to point
The distance between target is d, if d meets formula one, passes through programmed screening：
(formula one)
F is the focal length of telescope objective (1) in formula one, and D is telescope objective (1) bore, λmeanFor observed object
Spectral radiance mean wavelength.
Assuming that point target number is f (1≤f≤e) after programmed screening.
Third time is screened：In the f point target filtered out, some point target and its closest to point target between
Distance is d1If, d1Formula two is met, then is screened by third time：
(formula two)
Z in formula two is defocusing amount.
If remaining point target is independent point target after three screenings more than, number is M (1≤M≤f).
Realize that incident light reflects in 3rd step, control spatial light modulator specific region.
The angle of inclination of the tiny mirror of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4) is adjusted, makes not include solely
The corresponding light in region of vertical point target deflects and damaged after the reflection of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4)
Lose.The direct plane reflection of light that only pinpoint target point is sent, reflected light due to have passed through wide range quarter wave plate twice, because
This polarization state there occurs 90 degree of deflections, and the subsequent light produces 90 ° in the direction of propagation when by wide range polarization splitting prism (2)
Turn back, eventually entering into defocus camera (5) is used to be imaged.
By above-mentioned steps, the state adjustment of astronomical target imaging system is completed, and utilizes the astronomical target imaging adjusted
System carries out following multiple image collection and screening.
4th step, calculates the corresponding out-of-focus image evenness index of each independent point target.
Make defocus camera (5) and in burnt camera (6) synchronous working, it is assumed that acquire p width images, defocus camera (5) respectively
The image sequence of collection is Iunfocus={ I1 unfocus,I2 unfocus,…Ip unfocus, the image sequence gathered in burnt camera (6) is
Ifocus={ I1 focus,I2 focus,…Ip focus}。
For IunfocusA wherein width out-of-focus image I in sequencek unfocus(1≤k≤p), if i-th of independence in the image
Point targetThe coordinate of correspondence registration point is (x on defocus camera (5) photosurfacei,yi), independent point target
Corresponding to XO1Pixel (a for meeting formula four in Y-coordinate systemj,bj) shared N number of, the gray value of pixel is Kj,1≤j≤
N：
(formula four)
Calculate independent point targetCorresponding uniformity degree of image index
(formula five)
5th step, filters out fortune image region.
For independent point target Ai(1≤i≤M), has P uniformity degree of image indexAssuming that the sequence
Serial number q (1≤q≤P) corresponding to the minimum element of column mean.To IfocusQ frames are in burnt image in sequence, it is assumed that in Jiao's figure
As the pixel (x in upper any one piece of image-region1,y1If) meet formula six：
(formula six)
Then the image-region is independent point target Ai(1≤i≤M) corresponding fortune image region.H and W points in formula six
Not Wei defocus camera sensor physical height and width, C be artificially set fortune image selection radius.To other independent points
The corresponding image of target implements same operation, can be similarly obtained corresponding fortune image region.
All image-regions filtered out are implemented to splice by the 6th step.
Each picture in the initial pictures for size identical with the image obtained in burnt camera (6) of setting up a width, initial pictures
The gray value of member is zero, then divides the following two kinds situation to handle：
Situation one, it is above-mentioned lucky if non-overlapping between the corresponding fortune image region of two different independent point targets
The correspondence position for copying to initial pictures of image-region content.
Situation two, if existing overlapping between the corresponding fortune image region of two different independent point targets, uses base
Two fortune image regions are stitched together in the image split-joint method of mutual information, and copy to the corresponding position of initial pictures
Put.
The initial pictures obtained after above-mentioned processing as imaging results.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Replace traditional image using a kind of brand-new independent point target light field evaluation method
Gray scale evaluation assessment, is obtained while in combination with multiple independent point target light fields on hardware, is reached many to astronomy extension target
The purpose of region blur-free imaging.The present invention not only significantly improves the probability for obtaining fortune image, and causes the target of acquisition
Image definition is higher.
Brief description of the drawings
The astronomical target imaging system principle schematic diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is specific implementation flow chart；
Fig. 3 is two in the experiment point target out-of-focus images not obtained in the same time；
Fig. 4 is the corresponding two moment point targets of Fig. 3 in burnt image.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to Figure of description.
In Fig. 1, the coke ratio of focal length identical relay lens 7,8,9,10 should be greater than the coke ratio of telescope objective 1.Wide range is polarized
The optical band of Amici prism 2 can be selected according to infrared radiation characteristics (such as visible light wave range or infrared band).Wide range polarization spectro
The size of prism 2 should be met can all be injected by the light of the outgoing of relay lens 1, and relay lens 7,8,9,10 should be leaned on as far as possible
Nearly wide range polarization splitting prism 2 is installed, to reduce the vignetting effect of imaging.Controlled in figure in burnt camera 6 and defocus camera 5 to center
Device 3 processed sends view data.Central control unit 3 is sent by control signal wire in burnt camera 6 and defocus camera 5 respectively
IMAQ control signal；Central control unit 3 is sent out by control signal wire to digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator 4
Send control signal, the polarization state of control spatial light modulator 4 specific region.The setting of the defocusing amount of the photosurface of defocus camera 5 according to
According to as follows：If atmospheric turbulance coherence length (i.e. Freid constants) is γ0, then defocusing amount Z should meet equation below：
(formula seven)
Z can be positive number or negative in formula seven, and positive number shows that camera, to the direction defocus away from telescope objective 1, is born
Number shows camera to the direction defocus close to telescope objective 1.Telescope objective 1 of the present invention is with refractor thing
Mirror is optimal.Camera of the present invention uses industrial camera.Central control unit 3 of the present invention uses all-purpose computer
Or special controller (as realized using DSP or FPGA).
Some steps to technical solution of the present invention two are explained in detail.
Second step, selects the independent point target for being suitable for the evaluation of defocus light field.It is independent in burnt camera 6 in this step
Continuous work, gather multiple image, just stop when the independent point target for occurring being suitable for defocus light field evaluation in image
Only gather image.The independent point destination number selected regards atmospheric turbulence intensity and specific astronomical target property is determined.This step
In rapid second condition " closest to target " refer to can be point target can also be extension target.
Realize that incident light reflects in 3rd step, control spatial light modulator specific region.During this step is implemented,
Burnt camera 6 and defocus camera 5 are generally idle, and they simultaneously need not gather image.Digital micromirror part formula spatial light
Then start working, enter in burnt camera 6 and defocus camera 5 once selecting and realizing polarization state biasing in the specific region of modulator 4
Row IMAQ.
All image-regions filtered out are implemented to splice by the 7th step.The image based on mutual information that this step is used is spelled
The method of connecing is known method and means, and the idiographic flow and correlation of method are discussed in detail referring to document (Zhou Hu, Yang Jianguo, Li Bei
Plane picture splicing and its e measurement technology of the intelligence based on mutual information measure, Donghua University's journal natural science edition, 2011 the 6th
Phase).
In order to prove the feasibility of the inventive method, we have carried out emulation experiment.In emulation experiment, astronomical target imaging
The bore of the telescope objective 1 of system be 80mm, focal length is 480mm, the relay lens 7,8,9,10 used it is a diameter of
25.4mm, focal length is 50mm, defocus camera 5 and have selected the black and white industrial camera of Thorlabs companies in burnt camera 6, and the two leads to
Crossing hardware connection realizes the function of synchronous triggering work.The industrial computer produced in emulation experiment using a Tai Yanhua companies
It is used as central control unit 3.Experimental result is clearly demonstrated that for convenience, the mesh for the about 700m that adjusted the distance using system
Mark imaging, Fig. 3 left figure and right figure are the point targets not collected in the same time at two by defocus camera 5 in emulation experiment
Out-of-focus image.Being contrasted from figure to find：Different at the time of, because the degree of atmospheric turbulance is different, the defocus figure of point target
As the uniformity is also different.Fig. 4 is obtained under the conditions of the image correspondence moment by the target that is collected in burnt camera 6 in Jiao by Fig. 3
It is visible in image, (, to left figure, right figure is to right figure for left figure) figure, it is corresponding in burnt image when the out-of-focus image uniformity is preferable
Image quality is substantially preferable, and the uniformity of above-mentioned description of test out-of-focus image reflects degree of the image by Turbulent Flow Effects, defocus
Evenness index highest image correspond to by Turbulent Flow Effects minimum in burnt image in image, so as to illustrate to utilize out-of-focus image
Uniformity index may determine that influence degree of the atmospheric turbulance to imaging, and image quality can be filtered out according to the criterion
It is best in burnt image.Therefore this experiment provides support for the method feasibility of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of astronomical target imaging system, including telescope objective (1), wide range polarization splitting prism (2), central control unit
(3), digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4), first camera (5), second camera (6), the first relay lens (7),
Two relay lenses (8), the 3rd relay lens (9), the 4th relay lens (10), wide spectrum quarter wave plate (11), it is characterised in that：In first
It is located at after mirror (7) between telescope objective (1) and wide range polarization splitting prism (2), its focal plane position and telescope thing
Mirror (1) focal plane position is overlapped；Second relay lens (8) be located at wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and second camera (6) it
Between, its focal plane position is overlapped with the photosurface position of second camera (6)；It is inclined that 3rd relay lens (9) is located at wide range
Shake between Amici prism (2) and digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4), its focal plane position is micro- anti-with numeral
Penetrate the coincidence of device type spatial light modulator (4) photosurface position；4th relay lens (10) is located at wide range polarization splitting prism
(2) between first camera (5), the photosurface position of its focal plane position and first camera (5) is staggered a spacing
From the distance referred to as defocusing amount；Wide spectrum quarter wave plate (11) be located at wide range polarization splitting prism (2) and the 3rd relay lens (9) it
Between；First relay lens (7), the second relay lens (8), the 3rd relay lens (9), the 4th relay lens (10) are respectively just to wide range polarization point
Four available surfaces of light prism (2) are put, and the main shaft of four relay lenses is each perpendicular to the phase of wide range polarization splitting prism (2)
Answer square surface and the midpoint for passing through square surface；Central control unit (3) respectively with first camera (5), second camera
(6) and digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4) electrical connection.
2. a kind of astronomical target imaging method, the astronomical target imaging system provided using claim 1, specifically includes following steps
Suddenly：
The first step, sets imaging coordinate system：
UOV coordinate systems are set up on the photosurface of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4), wherein UOV coordinate systems are former
Point O is located at the center of photosurface, and U axles and V axles are respectively parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edge of photosurface；In first camera
(5) XO is set up on photosurface1Y-coordinate system, wherein XO1Y-coordinate system origin O1Positioned at the center of photosurface, X-axis and Y-axis difference
Parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edge of photosurface；X is set up on the photosurface of second camera (6)1O2Y1Coordinate system, wherein
X1O2Y1Coordinate origin O2Positioned at the center of photosurface, X1Axle and Y1Axle is respectively parallel to the horizontal edge and vertical edges of photosurface
Edge；
Second step, selects the independent point target for being suitable for the evaluation of defocus light field：
Continuous IMAQ is carried out using second camera (6) and obtains astronomical target image, if in certain width astronomy target image extremely
There are two point targets less by three times following screenings, then stop IMAQ：
Screen for the first time：The point target for selecting brightness sufficiently strong；The sufficiently strong point target of brightness refers to the point target in the first phase
Pixel average gray value is more than the threshold value of setting in the correspondence image that machine (5) is gathered, and threshold value is set according to actual conditions；Assuming that
The point target number for meeting the screening conditions is e, e >=2；
Programmed screening：In the e point target filtered out, it is assumed that wherein some point target with its closest to point target
The distance between be d, if d meets formula one, pass through programmed screening：
F is the focal length of telescope objective (1) in formula one, and D is telescope objective (1) bore, λmeanFor the spectrum spoke of observed object
Penetrate mean wavelength；
Assuming that point target number is f, 1≤f≤e after programmed screening；
Third time is screened：In the f point target filtered out, some point target with its closest to the distance between point target
For d1If, d1Formula two is met, then is screened by third time：
Z in formula two is defocusing amount；
If remaining point target is independent point target after three screenings more than, number is M, 1≤M≤f；
Realize that incident light reflects in 3rd step, control spatial light modulator specific region：
The angle of inclination of the tiny mirror of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4) is adjusted, makes not include independent point
The corresponding light in mesh target area deflects and lost after the reflection of digital micromirror part formula spatial light modulator (4)
Fall；The direct plane reflection of light that only pinpoint target point is sent；
Following multiple image collection and screening is carried out using the astronomical target imaging system adjusted；
4th step, calculates the corresponding out-of-focus image evenness index of each independent point target；
First camera (5) and second camera (6) is made to work asynchronously, it is assumed that to acquire p width images, first camera (5) collection respectively
Image sequence be Iunfocus={ I1 unfocus,I2 unfocus,…Ip unfocus, the image sequence of second camera (6) collection is Ifocus
={ I1 focus,I2 focus,…Ip focus}；
For IunfocusA wherein width out-of-focus image I in sequencek unfocus, 1≤k≤p, if i-th of independent point mesh in the image
MarkThe coordinate of correspondence registration point is (x on first camera (5) photosurfacei,yi), 1≤i≤M；Independent point targetCorrespond to
XO1Pixel (a for meeting formula four in Y-coordinate systemj,bj) shared N number of, the gray value of pixel is Kj,1≤j≤N：
Calculate independent point targetCorresponding uniformity degree of image index
5th step, filters out fortune image region；
For independent point target Ai, have P uniformity degree of image indexAssuming that sequence intermediate value minimum
Serial number q, 1≤q corresponding to element≤P；To IfocusQ frames are in burnt image in sequence, it is assumed that any one piece on burnt image
Pixel (x in image-region1, y1If) meet formula six：
Then the image-region is independent point target AiCorresponding fortune image region；H and W are respectively that first camera is passed in formula six
The physical height and width of sensor, C are the fortune image selection radiuses artificially set；Image corresponding to other independent point targets
Implement same operation, corresponding fortune image region can be similarly obtained；
All image-regions filtered out are implemented to splice by the 6th step；
Each pixel in the initial pictures for size identical with the image that second camera (6) is obtained of setting up a width, initial pictures
Gray value is zero, then divides the following two kinds situation to handle：
Situation one, if non-overlapping, above-mentioned fortune image between the corresponding fortune image region of two different independent point targets
The correspondence position for copying to initial pictures of region content；
Situation two, if exist between the corresponding fortune image region of two different independent point targets it is overlapping, using based on mutual
Two fortune image regions are stitched together by the image split-joint method of information, and copy to the correspondence position of initial pictures；
The initial pictures obtained after above-mentioned processing as imaging results.
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| CN108171645B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2023-10-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Lucky imaging processing system based on FPGA |
| CN108828788B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-02-23 | 长春理工大学 | Super-resolution rapid imaging device for large telescope field and imaging method thereof |
| CN110887478B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-09-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Autonomous navigation positioning method based on polarization/astronomical assistance |
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| US5384455A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-01-24 | Environmental Research Institute Of Michigan | Measurement-diverse speckle imaging |
| GB0301923D0 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2003-02-26 | Qinetiq Ltd | Imaging system |
| CN2600814Y (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-01-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Differential out-of-focus parallel whole place three-D testing device |
| US7274442B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2007-09-25 | The Boeing Company | Closed-loop wavefront sensor using field programmable gate array |
| US7515767B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2009-04-07 | Flir Systems, Inc. | Image correction across multiple spectral regimes |
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| CN100573064C (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2009-12-23 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Visual field offset Hartmann wave front sensor based on Amici prism |
| US7531774B2 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2009-05-12 | General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. | Measurement-diverse imaging and wavefront sensing with amplitude and phase estimation |
| CN101701847B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-08-24 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Imaging system for wide dynamic range based on optical grating and CCD imaging detector |
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