CN105277450A - Multi-source variable load impact experiment device - Google Patents
Multi-source variable load impact experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105277450A CN105277450A CN201510826665.2A CN201510826665A CN105277450A CN 105277450 A CN105277450 A CN 105277450A CN 201510826665 A CN201510826665 A CN 201510826665A CN 105277450 A CN105277450 A CN 105277450A
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- impact
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-source variable load impact experiment device. The multi-source variable load impact experiment device comprises an impact experiment platform and an impact control system, wherein the impact experiment platform is composed of bottom fixed frames, top fixed frames, vertical rods, movable bearing rods and reinforcing ribs; and the movable bearing rods are used for fixing stepping motors of the impact control system. By adjusting the positions and quantities of the movable bearing rods and the stepping motors, the setting of a multi-source impact position can be realized; and the impact control system is composed of a hardware module and a software module. The hardware module is mainly composed of a single chip microcomputer, a stepping motor controller, the stepping motors, stepping motor rotary shafts and impact hammers. The software module is used for realizing automatic control of a multi-source variable load impact process through determining impact degree coefficients, rotary speeds of the stepping motors, and releasing, stopping and resetting time of the stepping motors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus, belong to structural impact monitoring field.
Background technology
Material and component thereof in-service Chang Yin suffer the impact of all kinds of different loads, cause material and component thereof easily to produce all kinds of damage, cause the mechanical property deterioration of structure, bring serious potential safety hazard.In recent years, structural impact monitoring has become an important research direction of structural states monitoring, and its research contents mainly comprises: the monitoring of im-pact location and impact degree.For better carrying out the research in this field, designing effective multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus and having great importance.
At present, both at home and abroad for carrying out structural impact study on monitoring, all devise corresponding impact experiment, experimentation mainly relies on manually or mechanical hook-up completes.Wherein, Manual impact experiment adopts the impact method of determining load, and laboratory technician's hand-held impact hammer carries out the impact signal that impact experiment needs to obtain research institute; Physical shock experiment is then the requirement according to impact position and magnitude of load, designs a certain particular mechanical means to complete impact experiment.
Above-mentioned impact experiment is that the research of current Impact monitoring provides necessary laboratory facilities, but still comes with some shortcomings: (1) artificial impact experiment is comparatively difficult to ensure the stability of card repeat impact position and magnitude of load; (2) although physical shock experiment solves the problem of repeat impact position and magnitude of load instability, but impact-type does not have an adjustability; (3) conventional impact experiment serves primarily in the Impact monitoring research of single source, cannot meet the requirement of multi-source Impact monitoring research; (4) conventional impact experiment all needs artificial participation in various degree, and when needs obtain a large amount of impact data, experimental amount is huge.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus, the impact experiment in different loads situation can be completed.
Multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus, comprises impact experiment platform and impulsive control system.
One, impact experiment platform
Impact experiment platform comprises: movable carrier bar, top fixed mount, reinforcement, bottom fixing frame, vertical rod, slide rail, and the length and width that bottom fixing frame, top fixed mount, vertical rod, movable carrier bar and reinforcement are formed and height are respectively
a,
awith
hrectangular structure, the length of side is
athe corner of square bottom fixed mount by bolt and length be
hvertical rod lower end connect, vertical rod upper end by bolt and the length of side is
afoursquare top fixed mount corner connect; The opposite side of square shaped top fixed mount is fixed with slide rail, movable carrier bar can move in parallel along slide rail, movable carrier bar is used for the fixing stepper motor impacting control system, in order to ensure the stability of impact experiment platform, at the diagonally installation length of each side of impact experiment platform is
reinforcement, realize the setting to multi-source impact position by the position and quantity adjusting movable carrier bar and stepper motor.
Two, impulsive control system
Impulsive control system is made up of hardware and software two modules.
(1) hardware module of impulsive control system
Hardware module comprises: single-chip microcomputer, controllor for step-by-step motor, stepper motor, rotating shaft, rope, ram hammer, single-chip microcomputer IO port is connected with the signal input port of controllor for step-by-step motor by Du Pont's line, the signal output port of controllor for step-by-step motor is connected with stepper motor by wire, stepper motor is fixed on movable carrier bar, ram hammer by rope suspensions in rotating shaft
In hardware module, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft need be determined in conjunction with the requirement of maximum impact degree and stepper motor rotating speed, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) maximum impact height
h max
Ram hammer adopts freely falling body mode to complete impact, as met Maximal shock load
f max requirement of experiment, then corresponding maximum impact height
h max :
（1）
In formula
mfor the quality of ram hammer,
t c for the attack time
(2) least radius of rotating shaft
r min
For ensureing that ram hammer completes impact in freely falling body mode, when requiring to impact generation, the length of stepper motor release rope is identical with the height of ram hammer freely falling body.As need Maximal shock load be met
f max requirement of experiment, then:
（2）
In formula,
ffor stepper motor rotating speed,
h max for maximum impact height,
r min for the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft,
t max for maximum impact height
h maxthe corresponding freely falling body time.Formula (2) shows after stepper motor rotating speed is determined, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft exists a minimum value.
(2) software module of impulsive control system
Impulsive control system software module by the release of setting impact degree coefficient, stepper motor pulse signal cycle, stepper motor, stop and realize the automatic control to variable load impact process reset time, detailed process is as follows:
(1) shock load coefficient
r
Different impact
fadjustment by setting different shock height to realize, definition shock load coefficient
rfor present percussion load
fwith Maximal shock load
f max ratio:
（3）
That is,
In formula
hfor present percussion height.
(2) stepper motor pulse signal cycle
t
According to stepper motor rotating speed
f, the calculated step motor pulses signal period
t:
（4）
In formula,
kfor the segmentation multiple of stepper motor.
(3) shock height initialization time
t 0
After system starts, ram hammer is from maximum impact height
h max be down to present percussion height
htime
t 0:
（5）
In formula,
t 0for ram hammer recovers the time of stationary state.
(4) release time
t s
In impact process, when stepper motor rotating speed is constant, require that the length of stepper motor release rope is identical with shock height, the time of motor release rope
t s be less than or equal to the freely falling body time of ram hammer:
（6）
(5) stop time
t x
Due to the release time of stepper motor
t s being less than or equal to the ram hammer freely falling body time, for ensureing that ram hammer completes impact, needing to set the stop time
t x , within this time, motor is in dormant state.Being calculated as follows of stop time:
（7）
(6) reset time
t f
After ensureing that impact completes, ram hammer can be reset to shock height
h, and wait for that ram hammer recovers stationary state, stepper motor after the stop time terminates, should reset after (reversion), stops operating, can calculate this reset time according to motor speed immediately:
（8）
Based on said process, impulsive control system, by increasing the quantity of stepper motor, can realize the control to multi-source variable load impact process.
The advantage of the multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus designed by the present invention is: (1) can ensure the position of repeat impact and the stability of magnitude of load; (2) by adjusting movable carrier bar and the position of stepper motor be fixed thereon and quantity neatly, realize the setting of multi-source impact position, and the height of adjustment ram hammer flexibly realizes the setting of variable load; (3) multi-source can be realized impact, meet the requirement of multi-source Impact monitoring research; (4) the automatic control of impact experiment process can be realized, without the need to artificial participation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is stepping motor rotating shaft least radius design flow diagram in impulsive control system hardware module
Fig. 3 is impulsive control Design of System Software process flow diagram
In fig. 1: 1, single-chip microcomputer 2, controllor for step-by-step motor 3, stepper motor 4, rotating shaft 5, rope 6, ram hammer 7, movable carrier bar 8, top fixed mount 9, reinforcement 10, bottom fixing frame 11, vertical rod, 12 slide rails.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: the design of multi-source variable load impact experiment platform
Impact experiment platform comprises: movable carrier bar (7), top fixed mount (8), reinforcement (9), bottom fixing frame (10), vertical rod (11), slide rail (12), the length and width that bottom fixing frame (10), top fixed mount (8), vertical rod (11), movable carrier bar (7) and reinforcement (9) are formed and the high rectangular structure being respectively 70cm, 70cm and 100cm.The length of side is that the corner of the square bottom fixed mount (10) of 70cm is connected by vertical rod (11) lower end that bolt and length are 100cm, and vertical rod (11) upper end is that the corner at foursquare top fixed mount (8) of 70cm is connected by bolt and the length of side; The opposite side of square shaped top fixed mount (8) is fixed with slide rail (12), and movable carrier bar (7) can move in parallel along slide rail (12), and movable carrier bar (7) is for the stepper motor (3) of fixing impact control system; In order to ensure the stability of impact experiment platform, at the diagonally installation length of its each side be
reinforcement (9).The setting to multi-source impact position is realized by the position and quantity adjusting movable carrier bar (7) and stepper motor (3).
Embodiment 2: the design of impulsive control system hardware module
Impulsive control system hardware module comprises single-chip microcomputer (1), controllor for step-by-step motor (2), stepper motor (3), stepping motor rotating shaft (4) and ram hammer (6).In the present embodiment, STC89C52RC type single-chip microcomputer selected by single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver selects 42/57 two-phase hybrid stepping motor driver, stepper motor selects 57BYGH two-phase hybrid stepping motor and ram hammer to select quality to be the hand hammer of 0.0362kg.
I/O port P0.x with P1.x of single-chip microcomputer (1) is connected with direction signal port DIR-with the pulse signal port PUL-of controllor for step-by-step motor (2) respectively by Du Pont's line; The off line signal port EN-of controllor for step-by-step motor (2) is unsettled, and off line signal port EN+, pulse signal port PUL+ and direction signal port DIR+ connect high level.Signal output port A+ with A-, B+ with B-of controllor for step-by-step motor (2) are connected with the indigo plant of stepper motor (3), black, red, green signal input interface respectively by wire, and rotating shaft (4) radius of stepper motor (3) is
r, ram hammer (6) hangs on stepping motor rotating shaft (4) by rope (5), is achieved the control in pulse to stepper motor and direction, and then built impulsive control system hardware module by above-mentioned steps.
In hardware module, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft (4) need be determined in conjunction with the requirement of maximum impact degree and stepper motor (3) rotating speed, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) maximum impact height
h max
Ram hammer (6) adopts freely falling body mode to complete impact, as ram hammer (6) quality m=0.0362kg, and acceleration of gravity
time, as need Maximal shock load be met
f max =the requirement of experiment of 16N (supposes that the attack time is
t c =0.01s), then can calculate corresponding maximum impact height
h max :
(2) least radius of rotating shaft
r min
For ensureing that ram hammer (6) completes impact in freely falling body mode, when requiring to impact generation, the length of stepper motor (3) release rope is identical with the height of ram hammer (6) freely falling body.When stepper motor (3) rotating speed
fduring=7r/s, as need Maximal shock load be met
f max =the requirement of experiment of 16N (that is, adopts maximum impact height
h max =1m, then can calculate
r min span:
Namely known as need Maximal shock load be met
f max =the requirement of experiment of 16N, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft (4)
r min 0.05m need be more than or equal to.
Embodiment 3: the design of impulsive control system software module during full and down impact condition
When the shock load of impact experiment is Maximal shock load
f max =during 16N, in impulsive control system software module impact degree coefficient, stepper motor (3) pulse signal cycle, stepper motor (3) release, stop and reset time setting detailed process as follows:
(1) shock load coefficient
r
Shock load in the present embodiment
f=F max ,so present percussion load can be calculated
fwith Maximal shock load
f max ratio
rsize:
That is,
(2) stepper motor (3) pulse signal cycle
t
According to the rotating speed of stepper motor (3)
fwith segmentation multiple
k, calculated step motor (3) pulse signal cycle
t:
(3) shock height initialization time
t 0
After system starts, ram hammer (6) is from maximum impact height
h max be down to present percussion height
hprocess, ram hammer (6) is in swing state, therefore set ram hammer (6) recover resting condition time
t 0for 10s, guarantee that ram hammer (6) remains static before falling, shock height initialization time can be calculated thus
t 0:
(4) release time
t s
In full and down impact process, when stepper motor (3) rotating speed is constant, require that the length of stepper motor (3) release rope is identical with shock height, the time of motor release rope
t s equal the freely falling body time of ram hammer (6):
(5) stop time
t x
In full and down impact process, due to the release time of stepper motor (3)
t s equal ram hammer (6) the freely falling body time, therefore motor does not need to stop, so now stop time
t x be 0.Being calculated as follows of stop time:
(6) reset time
t f
After ensureing that impact completes, ram hammer (6) can be reset to shock height
h, and wait for that ram hammer (6) recovers stationary state, stepper motor (3) after the stop time terminates, should reset after (reversion), stops operating, can calculate this reset time according to motor speed immediately:
Based on said process, after each parameter of setting software module, impulsive control system can complete the impact experiment in full and down situation.
The design of impulsive control system software module during embodiment 4: half load impact condition
When the shock load of impact experiment only has Maximal shock load half, i.e. present percussion load
time, in impulsive control system software module impact degree coefficient, stepper motor (3) pulse signal cycle, stepper motor (3) release, stop and reset time setting detailed process as follows:
(1) shock load coefficient
r
Shock load in the present embodiment
,so present percussion load can be calculated
fwith Maximal shock load
f max ratio
rsize:
That is,
(2) stepper motor (3) pulse signal cycle
t
According to the rotating speed of stepper motor (3)
fwith segmentation multiple
k, calculated step motor (3) pulse signal cycle
t:
(3) shock height initialization time
t 0
After system starts, ram hammer (6) is from maximum impact height
h max be down to present percussion height
hprocess, ram hammer (6) is in swing state, therefore set ram hammer (6) recover resting condition time
t 0for 10s, guarantee that ram hammer (6) remains static before falling, shock height initialization time can be calculated thus
t 0:
(4) release time
t s
In half load impact process, when stepper motor (3) rotating speed is constant, require that the length of stepper motor (3) release rope is identical with shock height, the time of motor release rope
t s be less than the freely falling body time of ram hammer (6):
(5) stop time
t x
In half load impact process, due to the release time of stepper motor (3)
t s being less than ram hammer (6) the freely falling body time, for ensureing that ram hammer (6) completes impact, needing to set the stop time
t x , within this time, motor is in dormant state.Being calculated as follows of stop time:
(6) reset time
t f
After ensureing that impact completes, ram hammer (6) can be reset to shock height
h, and wait for that ram hammer (6) recovers stationary state, stepper motor (3) after the stop time terminates, should reset after (reversion), stops operating, can calculate this reset time according to motor speed immediately:
Based on said process, after each parameter of setting software module, impulsive control system can complete the impact experiment under half load condition.
Claims (6)
1. multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus, is characterised in that: comprise impact experiment platform and impulsive control system.
2. multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, be characterised in that: impact experiment platform comprises: movable carrier bar (7), top fixed mount (8), reinforcement (9), bottom fixing frame (10), vertical rod (11), slide rail (12), the length and width that bottom fixing frame (10), top fixed mount (8), vertical rod (11), movable carrier bar (7) and reinforcement (9) are formed and height are respectively
a,
awith
hrectangular structure, the length of side is
athe corner of square bottom fixed mount (10) by bolt and length be
hvertical rod (11) lower end connect, vertical rod (11) upper end by bolt and the length of side is
afoursquare top fixed mount (8) corner connect; The opposite side of square shaped top fixed mount (8) is fixed with slide rail (12), movable carrier bar (7) can move in parallel along slide rail (12), movable carrier bar (7), for the stepper motor (3) of fixing impact control system, at the diagonally installation length of each side of impact experiment platform is
reinforcement (9), realize the setting to multi-source impact position by the position and quantity adjusting movable carrier bar (7) and stepper motor (3).
3. multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterised in that: impulsive control system is made up of hardware and software two modules.
4. multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus as claimed in claim 3, be characterised in that: impulsive control system hardware module comprises: single-chip microcomputer (1), controllor for step-by-step motor (2), stepper motor (3), rotating shaft (4), rope (5), ram hammer (6), single-chip microcomputer (1) IO port is connected by the signal input port of Du Pont's line with controllor for step-by-step motor (2), the signal output port of controllor for step-by-step motor (2) is connected (3) by wire with stepper motor, stepper motor (3) is fixed on movable carrier bar (7), ram hammer (6) is hung in rotating shaft (4) by rope (5).
5. the multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus as described in claim 3 or 4, is characterised in that: in hardware module, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft need be determined in conjunction with the requirement of maximum impact degree and stepper motor rotating speed, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) maximum impact height
h max
Ram hammer adopts freely falling body mode to complete impact, as met Maximal shock load
f max requirement of experiment, then corresponding maximum impact height
h max :
（1）
In formula
mfor the quality of ram hammer,
t c for the attack time
(2) least radius of rotating shaft
r min
For ensureing that ram hammer completes impact in freely falling body mode, when requiring to impact generation, the length of stepper motor release rope is identical with the height of ram hammer freely falling body, as met Maximal shock load
f max requirement of experiment, then:
（2）
In formula,
ffor stepper motor rotating speed,
h max for maximum impact height,
r min for the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft,
t max for maximum impact height
h maxthe corresponding freely falling body time, formula (2) shows after stepper motor rotating speed is determined, the least radius of stepping motor rotating shaft exists a minimum value.
6. multi-source variable load impact experiment apparatus as claimed in claim 3, be characterised in that: impulsive control system software module by the release of setting impact degree coefficient, stepper motor pulse signal cycle, stepper motor, stop and realize the automatic control to variable load impact process reset time, detailed process is:
(1) shock load coefficient
r
Different impact
fadjustment by setting different shock height to realize, definition shock load coefficient
rfor present percussion load
fwith Maximal shock load
f max ratio:
（3）
That is,
In formula
hfor present percussion height,
(2) stepper motor pulse signal cycle
t
According to stepper motor rotating speed
f, the calculated step motor pulses signal period
t:
（4）
In formula,
kfor the segmentation multiple of stepper motor,
(3) shock height initialization time
t 0
After system starts, ram hammer is from maximum impact height
h max be down to present percussion height
htime
t 0:
（5）
In formula,
t 0for ram hammer recovers the time of stationary state,
(4) release time
t s
In impact process, when stepper motor rotating speed is constant, require that the length of stepper motor release rope is identical with shock height, the time of motor release rope
t s be less than or equal to the freely falling body time of ram hammer:
（6）
(5) stop time
t x
Due to the release time of stepper motor
t s being less than or equal to the ram hammer freely falling body time, for ensureing that ram hammer completes impact, needing to set the stop time
t x , within this time, motor is in dormant state, being calculated as follows of stop time:
（7）
(6) reset time
t f
After ensureing that impact completes, ram hammer can be reset to shock height
h, and wait for that ram hammer recovers stationary state, stepper motor after the stop time terminates, should reset after (reversion), stops operating, can calculate this reset time according to motor speed immediately:
（8）。
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111638138A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-08 | 东北大学 | Device and method for testing compression performance of filling dispersion under dynamic-static acting force |
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