CN105274183B - A method of determining river water quality grade - Google Patents
A method of determining river water quality grade Download PDFInfo
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- CN105274183B CN105274183B CN201510659509.1A CN201510659509A CN105274183B CN 105274183 B CN105274183 B CN 105274183B CN 201510659509 A CN201510659509 A CN 201510659509A CN 105274183 B CN105274183 B CN 105274183B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for determining river water quality grade, this method is the percentage X for measuring curved particle melosira in water body and accounting for all particle melosiras；If percentage X < 10%, water quality is I class water quality；If percentage X is 10%≤X < 20%, water quality is II class water quality；If percentage X is 20%≤X < 40%, water quality is Group III water quality；If percentage X is 40%≤X < 50%, water quality is IV class water quality；If percentage X is 50%≤X < 60%, water quality is V class water quality；If percentage X >=60%, water quality is bad V class water quality.The present invention carries out microexamination by the form to the particle melosira in rivers water body, intuitively differentiates and count the percentage composition of bending algae chain, to judge the water quality nutrition grade of investigation river section.The method is not high to the specialized capability of operator and the configuration requirement of instrument and equipment, has preferable practicability, and generalization is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for determining river water quality grade.
Background technique
Particle melosira (current latin nameAulacoseira granulata；Once latin name is usedMelosira granulata) belong to Bacillariophyta center guiding principle Melosira, it is the common advantage algae in poisons in freshwater, worldwide extensively
Distribution (Karim and Saeed, 1978; Höetzel and Croome, 1996;Nakano et al., 1996; O'
Farrell et al., 2001; Godlewska et al., 2003; Tsukada et al., 2006).Algae chain end
Have the separate housing (Florin, 1970) of lunge, becomes the important evidence of taxonomic identification under optical microscopy.
According to " CHINESE FRESHWATER algae will, Volume Four, Bacillariophyta, center guiding principle " (Qi Yuzao, 1991), the algae chain of particle melosira
Form is in " three mutation and a modification ": former mutation (var.granulata), extremely narrow mutation (var.angustissima), extremely narrow mutation spiral modification (var. angustissima f. spiralis) and bending mutation (var.curvata)。
Particle melosira form is related with water environment, can reflect water quality situation and situation of change.The cell of particle melosira
It can change because of the influence of environmental factor with the shape size of algae chain, impact factor includes: nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus (G mez et
al., 1995;Turkia and Lepist, 1999), transparency (O ' Farrell et al., 2001), Grazing Pressure
(Davey and Crawford, 1986), silicate concentration (Stoermeret al., 1981;Davey, 1987), water temperature
(Davey, 1987;G mez et al., 1995), photoperiod (Davey, 1987), water column stability (G mez
etal., 1995)、CO2Content (TallingandRz ska, 1967) and calcium concentration (G mezet al., 1995).
The prior art is mainly from the Monopterus albus of particle melosira, cell size (including cell dia, length and body
Product) and algae chain size (cell number and length) study its instruction function to water body eutrophication degree.To researcher's
Specialized capability and research equipment have higher requirement, and target user is few, and time-consuming and laborious, and difference research waters is finally obtained
Research conclusion is also not quite similar.
The specifying information of the above-mentioned bibliography being related to is as follows:
Qi Yuzao chief editor, 1995.CHINESE FRESHWATER algae will, Volume Four, Bacillariophyta, center guiding principle.Science Press, 13-17
Page.
Davey M C, 1987. Seasonal variation in the filament morphology of the
freshwater diatom
Melosira granulata (Ehr) Ralfs. Freshwater Biology, 18: 5-16.
Davey M C and Crawford R M, 1986. Filament formation in the diatomMelosira granulata.
Journal of Phycology, 22: 144-150.
Godlewska M, Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G, Pociecha A, Wilk-Woźniak E,
Jelonek M., 2003. Effects of
flood on the functioning of the Dobczyce reservoir ecosystem.
Hydrobiologia, 504: 305-313.
Gómez N, Riera J L, Sabater S, 1995. Ecology and morphological
variability of Aulacoseira
granulata (Bacillariophyceae) in Spanish reservoirs. Journal of
Plankton Research, 17: 1-16.
Höetzel G and Croome R., 1996. Population dynamics of Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr.) Simonson
(Bacillariophyceae, Centrales), the dominant alga in the Murray
River, Australia. Archiv fuer
Hydrobiologie, 136: 191-215.
Karim A G A, Saeed O M., 1978. Studies on the freshwater algae of the
Sudan Ⅲ, vertical distribution of Melosira granulata (Ehr) ralfs. In the
White Nile, with reference to certain environmental variables. Hydrobiologia,
57: 73-79.
Nakano S, Seike Y, Sekino T, Okumura M, Kawabata K, Fujinaga K,
Nakanishi M, Mitamura O,
Kumagai M, Hashitani H., 1996. A rapid growth of Aulacoseira granulata (Bacillariophyceae)
during the typhoon season in the South Basin of Lake Biwa. Japanese
Journal of Limnology,
57: 493-500.
O’Farrell I, Tell G, Podlejski A, 2001. Morphological variability ofAulacoseira granulata (Ehr)
Simonsen (Bacillariophyceae) in the lower Paraná River (Argentina).
Limnology, 2: 65-71.
Tsukada H, Tsujimura S, Nakahara H., 2006. Seasonal succession of
phytoplankton in Lake Yogo
over 2 years: effect of artificial manipulation. Limnology, 7: 3-14.
Stoermer E F, Kreis R G, Sicko-Goad L, 1981. A systematic,
quantitative and ecological
comparison of Melosira islandica O. Müll. with M. granulata (Ehr)
Ralfs from the Laurentian
Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 7: 345-356.
Talling J F and Rzόska J, 1967. The development of plankton in
relation to hydrological regime in the Blue Nile. Journal of Ecology, 55:
637-662.
Turkia J, Lepisto L, 1999. Size variations of planktonic Aulacoseira Thwaites (Diatomae) in water and in sediment from Finnish lakes of varying trophic state. Journal of Plankton Research, 21(4): 757-770。
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned disadvantage, the present invention only need to be observed and be counted from intuitive morphological feature
The arc-shaped bend algae chain of grain melosira original mutation proportion in all algae chains is the nutrition grade that can determine whether water quality；The present invention
Method is not high to the specialized capability of practitioner and the requirement of instrument and equipment, time saving and energy saving, wide application of the crowd, have promote and
The meaning of science popularization.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for determining river water quality grade.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A method of determining water grade, it is characterised in that: this method is particle melosira original mutation in measurement water body
Bending shape algae chain quantity account for all particle melosira original mutation algae chain quantity percentage X；If percentage X < 10%, water
Matter is I class water quality；If percentage X is 10%≤X < 20%, water quality is II class water quality；If percentage X is 20%≤X < 40%, water quality
For Group III water quality；If percentage X is 40%≤X < 50%, water quality is IV class water quality；If percentage X is 50%≤X < 60%, water
Matter is V class water quality；If percentage X >=60%, water quality is bad V class water quality.
Further, above-mentioned water quality is surface water quality.
Further, above-mentioned water quality is river water quality.
Further, the bending shape algae chain of above-mentioned particle melosira original mutation is the algae chain in an arc-shaped bend, and
It can be regarded as the bending shape algae chain effectively measured in highly/span >=0.015.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention discover that particle melosira original mutation accounts for all particle melosira original mutation in the curved algae chain of arc line shaped
Percentage there are obvious relation between persistence with rivers Different Nutrition grade water body, in the rivers water body of I class water quality, arc line shaped be bent algae
Percentage X < 10% in all algae chains shared by chain；In the rivers water body of II class water quality, arc line shaped is bent algae chain percentage X
For 10%≤X < 20%；In the rivers water body of Group III water quality, it is 20%≤X < 40% that arc line shaped, which is bent algae chain percentage X,；
In the rivers water body of IV class water quality, it is 40%≤X < 50% that arc line shaped, which is bent algae chain percentage X,；In the rivers of V class water quality
In water body, it is 50%≤X < 60% that arc line shaped, which is bent algae chain percentage X,；In the rivers water body of bad V class water quality, arc line shaped
It is bent algae chain percentage X >=60%.
2) present invention passes through to the microscopic morphology observation of particle melosira original mutation in Different Nutrition grade water body and difference
The measurement of morphological parameters, and compare the relationship between different shape parameter and water nutrition grade, it finally found that arc-shaped bend
It is best to the indicative function of water nutrition grade that algae chain accounts for all particle melosira percentages.Therefore, based on of the invention as a result,
The percentage for only needing to observe and count arc line shaped bending algae chain in the original mutation of particle melosira can differentiate the battalion of rivers water body
Grade is supported, simple and easy, efficient, replicability is strong.
3) present invention carries out microexamination by the form to the particle melosira in rivers water body, intuitively differentiates and unites
The percentage composition of meter bending algae chain, to judge the water quality nutrition grade of investigation river section.Profession element of the method to operator
The configuration requirement of matter and instrument and equipment is not high, has preferable practicability, and generalization is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the microexamination and morphological parameters instrumentation plan of particle melosira original mutation straight chain form；
Fig. 2 is the microexamination and morphological parameters instrumentation plan of particle melosira original mutation arc-shaped bend form；
Fig. 3 is the bending degree instrumentation plan of particle melosira original mutation arc-shaped bend form.
Specific embodiment
Present invention research early period is to the microscopic morphology observation and difference by particle melosira in Different Nutrition grade water body
The measurement of morphological parameters, and the relationship between more various different shape parameters and water nutrition grade, by largely studying
It is best to the indicative function of water nutrition grade to finally found that arc-shaped bend algae chain accounts for all particle melosira percentages.
A method of determining water grade, it is characterised in that: this method is particle melosira original mutation in measurement water body
Bending shape algae chain quantity account for all particle melosira original mutation algae chain quantity percentage X；If percentage X < 10%, water
Matter is I class water quality；If percentage X is 10%≤X < 20%, water quality is II class water quality；If percentage X is 20%≤X < 40%, water quality
For Group III water quality；If percentage X is 40%≤X < 50%, water quality is IV class water quality；If percentage X is 50%≤X < 60%, water
Matter is V class water quality；If percentage X >=60%, water quality is bad V class water quality.
Preferably, above-mentioned water quality is surface water quality.
Preferably, above-mentioned water quality is river water quality.
Preferably, the bending shape algae chain of above-mentioned particle melosira original mutation is the algae chain in an arc-shaped bend, and high
It can be regarded as the bending shape algae chain effectively measured in degree/span >=0.015.
The present invention is further illustrated combined with specific embodiments below, and however, it is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment carries out trawlnet repeatedly in the water body of investigation river section using No. 25 plankton nets, will be collected into
Planktonic algae be placed in 100 milliliters of polyethylene bottles, and add Shandong Grignard solution fix, final fixed concentration be 15 ‰.Sample is taken back
Behind laboratory, is dripped with suction pipe sampling and on glass slide, carry out microexamination, measurement record particle melosira after capping slide
Former mutation quantity and Morphologic Parameters, percentage, the bending degree for accounting for all particle melosiras including arc-shaped bend algae chain are (high
Degree/span), cell dia, cell length, algae chain cell number, algae chain length and terminal spine length.In the algae sample of each river section
The former mutation algae chain sum of observation statistics >=100.After observation, statistics bending algae chain percentage, other parameters are asked
Average value.The relationship of each parameter and different quality grade is compared, in the Morphologic Parameters for sending out acquisition currently all,
Arc-shaped bend algae chain percentage can best reflect the water nutrition grade of different river sections, and this parameter is most easily by intuitively dividing
Acquisition is distinguished, without carrying out complexity and accurately measuring.
The present invention is provided with sampled point, including Fengkai, Deqing, Zhaoqing, Qing Qi, a left side in 16 rivers of Zhujiang River middle and lower reaches section
Beach off-lying sea, is newly enclosed, small olive, pulk, northern Kau, olive core, horizontal drip, Chen Cun, city's bridge, Lianhua Shan Mountain and Pearl River Bridge, covers I class to bad V
Class water quality.Microexamination and measurement have been carried out to the morphological feature of the particle melosira of different river sections according to the above technical scheme,
And the percentage for accounting for all particle melosiras to arc-shaped bend algae chain counts.
Testing result is as shown in Figures 1 to 3, and wherein Fig. 1 is the microexamination and shape of particle melosira original mutation straight chain form
State parameter measurement schematic diagram is of a straight line type, algae chain it can be seen that the cell of the original mutation is linked to be close long catenoid colony
Both ends tool thorn, 23.82 μm of algae chain width, 187.33 μm of algae chain length；Fig. 2 is particle melosira original mutation arc-shaped bend form
Microexamination and morphological parameters instrumentation plan；Fig. 3 is that the bending degree of arc-shaped bend form particle melosira measures signal
Figure；It can be seen that the original mutation is in the form of an arc-shaped bend, and 14.28 μm of height, 175.51 μm of span, height/
Span value is 0.081, is greater than 0.015.
The present embodiment is as shown in table 1 to the testing result of 16 river section samples of Zhujiang River middle and lower reaches, what the method for the present invention measured
Experimental result with according to national water grade standard " People's Republic of China's water environment quality standard " (GB 3838-
2002) result measured is completely the same, illustrates the method for the present invention for evaluating water grade with good accuracy.
The testing result of 1 Zhujiang River middle and lower reaches of table, 16 river section samples
Note: arc-shaped bend algae chain percentage is that the particle melosira original mutation of arc-shaped bend accounts for all particle melosira originals changes
The percentage of kind.
The present invention has found that the original mutation of particle melosira is in arc line shaped also by the measurement to other a large amount of different location water quality
The percentage of curved algae chain exists with rivers Different Nutrition grade water body to be significantly associated with, in the rivers water body of I class water quality,
Arc line shaped is bent the percentage X < 10% in all algae chains shared by algae chain；In the rivers water body of II class water quality, arc line shaped is bent algae
Chain percentage X is 10%≤X < 20%；In the rivers water body of Group III water quality, arc line shaped is bent algae chain percentage X
For 20%≤X < 40%；In the rivers water body of IV class water quality, it is 40%≤X < 50% that arc line shaped, which is bent algae chain percentage X,；
In the rivers water body of V class water quality, it is 50%≤X < 60% that arc line shaped, which is bent algae chain percentage X,；In the river of bad V class water quality
In river water body, it is as shown in table 2 that arc line shaped is bent algae chain percentage X >=60%().
2 arc line shaped of table is bent the relationship between algae chain percentage and water grade
Note: bending algae chain percentage is that the particle melosira of arc-shaped bend accounts for the percentage of all particle melosiras.
The above results show to be bent percentage composition and surface water quality nutrition grade close relation that algae chain accounts for all algae chains.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for determining water grade, it is characterised in that: this method is particle melosira original mutation in measurement water body
Bending shape algae chain quantity accounts for the percentage X of the algae chain quantity of all particle melosira original mutation；If percentage X < 10%, water
Matter is I class water quality；If percentage X is 10%≤X < 20%, water quality is II class water quality；If percentage X is 20%≤X < 40%,
Water quality is Group III water quality；If percentage X is 40%≤X < 50%, water quality is IV class water quality；If percentage X is 50%≤X <
60%, water quality is V class water quality；If percentage X >=60%, water quality is bad V class water quality；
The water quality is river water quality；
The bending shape algae chain refers to that the bending shape of former mutation is in the algae chain of an arc-shaped bend, and height/span >=
0.015, then calculating is bending shape algae chain.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the water quality is surface water quality.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the bending shape algae chain of the particle melosira original mutation
It is the algae chain in an arc-shaped bend, and the bending shape algae chain effectively measured be can be regarded as in height/span >=0.015.
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| CN107991449A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-04 | 宁波水表股份有限公司 | A kind of water supply detecting and controlling system and method |
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| CN102978275A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-03-20 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for judging whether growth of floating algae inhibited by nutrition or not |
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| DE3715114A1 (en) * | 1987-05-06 | 1988-11-17 | Krause Hans | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING TOXICITY IN SURFACE WATERS AND IN DRINKING AND WATER WATER |
| JP3274541B2 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 2002-04-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Water purification plant management support method and support system |
| CN1664579A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2005-09-07 | 湖南大学 | Application of spirogyra in testing toxicity of polluted waste water and testing method thereof |
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| CN102978275A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-03-20 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for judging whether growth of floating algae inhibited by nutrition or not |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Quantifying diatom aspirations: Mechanical properties of chain-forming species;Young et al;《Limnol. Oceanogr》;20121231;第57卷(第6期);摘要，图2，方法部分，图2，讨论部分 |
| 广东长潭水库富营养化与浮游植物分布特征;王超等;《湖泊科学》;20130906;第25卷(第5期);摘要，结果与分析 |
| 西江颗粒直链藻种群生态特性;王超等;《生态学报》;20120831;第32卷(第15期);摘要，第4794页第2段，讨论部分 |
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