CN105262484B - Realize the method and its circuit of ring oscillator injection locking - Google Patents
Realize the method and its circuit of ring oscillator injection locking Download PDFInfo
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- CN105262484B CN105262484B CN201510790341.8A CN201510790341A CN105262484B CN 105262484 B CN105262484 B CN 105262484B CN 201510790341 A CN201510790341 A CN 201510790341A CN 105262484 B CN105262484 B CN 105262484B
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Abstract
Realize that ring oscillator injects the method locked the invention discloses a kind of, external cycles radiofrequency signal is coupled to the power pins of ring oscillator unit；Wherein, the injected frequency ω of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjWith ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωoInjection scale relationships be：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, wherein, n is positive integer, represents the number of higher hamonic wave；The injection intensity A of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjScope be：0<Ainj<0.5VDD, wherein VDDFor it is noiseless when ring oscillator supply voltage.Meanwhile the ring oscillator circuit that a kind of injection locks, including the ring oscillator unit being connected in series are also disclosed, it is coupled with external cycles radio-frequency signal source at the power pins of the ring oscillator unit.Using the present invention, injection locking can be realized without introducing extra injection circuit and extra signal input pin.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oscillator technique field, and in particular to it is a kind of realize ring oscillator injection locking method and its
Circuit.
Background technology
With the fast development of modern information technologies, the communication technology requirement for High Data Rate and big bandwidth is increasingly strong
It is strong so that the development of mixed at high speed signal integrated circuit has obtained great concern in recent years.As High Speed System core
The frequency divider (frequency divider) of one of component obtains in the circuits such as multiplexer, phaselocked loop and frequency synthesizer
It is widely applied.
At present, the frequency divider for being operated in tens of girz mainly uses three-five semiconductor technology skill in chip realization
Art, and realize that high-speed frequency divider is still a challenge using traditional CMOS technology technology, the latter is generally required with high power consumption
High working frequency is obtained for cost.In wireless communication field, low power dissipation design sets circuit as various communication systems
The inevitable requirement of meter.In recent years, injection locking frequency divider is had received widespread attention and is studied with the characteristic of its high-speed low-power-consumption.
Injection locking (injection locking) is the extraneous periodicity radiofrequency signal that applies to the oscillator of free oscillation
On cause crosstalk and when intrinsic frequency of the crosstalk compared with strong and external cycles radiofrequency signal the very close oscillator of frequency or should
During a certain harmonic wave of intrinsic frequency, oscillator frequency is synchronized with the physical phenomenon of the external cycles radio frequency signal frequency.Assuming that
External cycles radiofrequency signal is with ωiIt is ω that frequency, which is injected into free oscillation frequency,oOscillator, work as ωiAnd ωoDifference compared with
When big, the signal of difference frequency (beat frequency) of the output of oscillator comprising two frequencies composition.Work as ωiClose to ωo,
Difference frequency declines therewith；Work as ωiDuring into lock-in range (locking range), beat phenomenon disappears and oscillator will be
ωiFrequency is vibrated.In addition, work as ωiClose to ωoHarmonic wave or sub- harmonic wave (that is, n ωoOr 1/n ωo) when, it can also inject
Locking phenomena, injection locking frequency divider are exactly to be designed using the harmonic wave locking principle.
Injection locking frequency divider is mainly made of injection locked oscillator, and injection locked oscillator can generally be divided into two
Kind, one kind is LC injection locked oscillators, and another kind is RC load injection locking ring oscillators.LC injection locked oscillator energy
Very high working frequency and low power consumption are provided, but its lock-in range is narrow, and due on piece in LC accumulators
The presence of inductance is, it is necessary to occupy very big chip area.Compare LC injection locked oscillators, and RC load injection locking annulars are shaken
Swinging device has lower Q value, therefore RC load injection locking ring oscillators can be provided than LC injection locked oscillator
Broader lock-in range.Meanwhile RC load injection locking ring oscillators have the chip area of relatively low power consumption and smaller, still
Frequency of oscillation is but than relatively low.
The design of the injection locked oscillator of wide lock-in range and high injection efficiency becomes current research hotspot and difficulty
Point.In practical applications, injection locked oscillator needs sufficiently wide injection lock-in range to mitigate by chip technology processing procedure, electricity
Injection failure risk caused by the disturbance of source voltage and temperature (PVT), while make output phase minimum.How to improve
The lock-in range and injection efficiency of injection locked oscillator, key are the note for how realizing the injection of external cycles radiofrequency signal
Enter technology (injection technique).In injection locks ring oscillator, the common two kinds of injections of injection locking are realized
Technology is tail formula injection (tail injection) and is directly injected into (direct injection).
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 give non-patent literature (Stefano Dal Toso, Marc Tiebout, VOL.58, NO.7,
JULY2010 to the schematic diagram of two kinds of injection modes of injection locking frequency divider in).
In Fig. 1, tail formula injection mode is to inject external cycles radiofrequency signal Vinj as traditional injection mode
To the grid of ascending pipe, that is, tail current pipe Mtail of ring oscillator level-one inverter module, injection locking is carried out.Very high
Working frequency under, Injection Current Itail that mutual conductance of the external cycles radiofrequency signal through ascending pipe Mtail changes into is by part
Disappear in the parasitic capacitance of ascending pipe Mtail, significantly reduce the efficiency of tail current pipe Mtail injections；Moreover, tail current pipe
Mtail as ascending pipe except also needing to provide biasing for the differential inverter unit, therefore its layout size is larger.In order to slow
The Implantation Energy loss that solution is brought by ascending pipe parasitic capacitance, non-patent literature (Liang-Hung Lu, VOL.15, NO.10,
OCTOBER2005 shunt inductance Lshunt) is added in ascending pipe Mtail, is existed using the shunt inductance and ascending pipe parasitic capacitance
Resonance near injection external cycles radio frequency signal frequency improves injection efficiency, but shunt inductance obviously can inject tail formula
Size greatly increase.Another more direct effective injection mode as shown in Fig. 2, this be directly injected into mode without using
The tail current pipe of inverter module is as ascending pipe, but in addition one transistor M of increaseinjAs ascending pipe, directly by outside
Periodicity radiofrequency signal VinjThe grid of newly-increased ascending pipe is injected into, the Injection Current changed into through ascending pipe is directly entered vibration
The resonator of device.Since ascending pipe Minj need not provide bias capability, less size can be designed to.Simultaneously as
More direct effective injection mode, avoids influence of the parasitic capacitance to injection efficiency, lock-in range is also therefore relatively large.
The extension that more patent documents and non-patent literature are focused on outside two kinds of injection techniques of ring oscillator is expanded,
To obtain more preferably lock-in range and injection efficiency.Non-patent literature (Liang-Hung Lu, VOL.15, NO.10,
OCTOBER2005 pervious single-ended (single-ended) injection mode) is contrasted, using differential mode type (differential-
Difference mode signal, is injected into the tail formula ascending pipe of the adjacent two-stage phase inverter of ring oscillator, obtains higher by mode) injection mode
Injection efficiency and broader lock-in range.Non-patent literature (J.-C.Chien, L.-H.Lu, VOL.42, NO.9,
SEPTEMBER 2007) and (A.Mirzaei, M.Heidari, R.Bagheri, A.Abidi, VOL.43, NO.3, MARCH
2008) injection node is extended into multinode by the single node of single-ended injection mode or the binode of differential mode type injection mode,
Each node all injects the external injection signal of identical frequency and same magnitude, and external injection signal holding of two adjacent sections point etc.
Phase difference, this injection mode are known as progressive phase multinode injection mode (multiple-node injection in
Progressive phases), its feature is multinode injection and leggy injection, can obtain very high injection efficiency and very
Wide injection lock-in range.However, in the case that the phase difference of leggy injection input deviates its optimum value, progressive phase is more
The injection lock-in range of node injection mode will diminish even also smaller than single-ended injection mode.Meanwhile realize multinode
Injection needs multiple signal input parts to be injected, and is unfavorable for the integrated of ring oscillator and micromation.Therefore, non-patent text
Offer (Xiang Yi, Chirn Chye Boon, Manh Anh Do, Kiat Seng Yeo, VOL.21, NO.10, OCTOBER
2011) symmetrical injection circuit structure is introduced, the signal that single-phase input terminal in single node injects can be changed into leggy note
Enter to carry out injection locking, realize single node leggy injection mode.For N rank ring oscillators, the symmetrical injection electricity of introducing
Line structure includes (N (N-1)/2) a injection transistor, therefore the technology is to be reduced using the quantity for increasing injection transistor as cost
The input terminal of leggy injection, is reduced in size to a certain extent, facilitates the application of injection locking.In addition, patent is literary
Offer (102356547 A of CN) and non-patent literature (Supeng Liu, Yuanjin Zheng, VOL.25, NO.5, MAY 2015)
Compound injection technique is employed, which injects and be directly injected into two kinds of injection techniques comprising tail formula at the same time, more preferable to realize
Ring oscillator injection locking.
However, there is following problem in the above-mentioned prior art：
(1) prior art needs to introduce extra Injection Signal input terminal, and external cycles radiofrequency signal is passed through the note
Enter the grid that signal input part is injected into ring oscillator ascending pipe, particularly multinode injection technique needs to introduce multiple extra
Injection Signal input terminal, be unfavorable for injection locking ring oscillator it is integrated with micromation；
(2) prior art needs to add being made of devices such as ascending pipes for additional designs in former ring oscillator mostly
Injection circuit, the improvement for injecting path etc., injection efficiency and lock-in range are improved with this.Therefore, it is existing in the prior art
Interventional feature, leads to not add injection circuit to the ring oscillator of flow, carries out injection locking.
The content of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the first object of the present invention be to provide a kind of non-invasi realize ring oscillator note
Enter the method for locking, injection locking can be realized without introducing extra injection circuit and extra signal input pin.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme：
The method of the present invention for realizing ring oscillator injection locking, is coupled to ring by external cycles radiofrequency signal
The power pins of shape oscillator unit；Wherein, the injected frequency ω of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjWith ring oscillator
Free oscillation frequency ωoInjection scale relationships be：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, wherein, n is positive integer, represents higher hamonic wave
Number；The injection intensity A of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjScope be：0<Ainj<0.5VDD, wherein VDDFor without dry
The supply voltage of ring oscillator when disturbing.
Further, the power pins are Injection Signal input terminal.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ring oscillator circuit for injecting locking,
There is simple, easily realization injection locking, without the input terminal of in addition extra setting input signal, so as to ensure that
The characteristics of integrated and micromation.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme：
The ring oscillator circuit of injection locking of the present invention, including the ring oscillator unit being connected in series, institute
State and external cycles radio-frequency signal source is coupled with the power pins of ring oscillator unit；The external cycles radiofrequency signal
Injected frequency ωinjWith ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωoInjection scale relationships be：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, its
In, n is positive integer, represents the number of higher hamonic wave；The injection intensity A of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjScope be：0
<Ainj<0.5VDD, wherein VDDFor it is noiseless when ring oscillator supply voltage.
Further, the ring oscillator unit is odd number phase inverter by cascading the circuit formed.
Further, the ring oscillator unit includes phase inverter circuit and the output buffer being connected in series；Institute
It is by cascading the circuit formed by odd number phase inverter to state phase inverter circuit.
Further, the phase inverter is single-ended signal type phase inverter.
Further, the single-ended signal type phase inverter is by N-channel MOS type transistor and P-channel gold
Belong to oxide semiconductor-type transistor composition.
Further, the ring oscillator unit is ring oscillator, configurable logic block and programmable switch matrix
The FPGA programmable chips of composition.
Further, the ring oscillator unit is the ASIC dedicated IC chips of ring oscillator composition.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The method proposed by the present invention for realizing ring oscillator injection locking, its injection technique used has non-intervention
Property, an input pin that need to inject the power pins of ring oscillator as external cycles radiofrequency signal is then delivered to
Ring oscillator draws its frequency of oscillation and is locked, simple direct without introducing new injection circuit.In addition, this hair
The injection technique for realizing ring oscillator injection locking of bright proposition while can synchronize injection to multiple ring oscillators
Locking, convenience and high-efficiency.Meanwhile the injection technique can also carry out injection lock to the successful ring oscillator circuit of flow
It is fixed, it is applied widely.
Brief description of the drawings
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram for representing tail formula injection technique in non-patent literature；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram for representing to be directly injected into technology in non-patent literature；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the ring oscillator circuit of the injection locking described in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is that the structure of the ring oscillator circuit ring oscillator of the injection locking described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is that single single-ended signal type is anti-phase in the ring oscillator circuit that the injection described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 locks
The structure diagram of device；
Fig. 6 is radio frequency letter of the ring oscillator circuit in injection 200MHz of the injection locking described in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The locking result schematic diagram of frequency of oscillation is exported under number；
Fig. 7 is to inject the ring oscillator circuit locked in fpga chip to multiple rings described in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Shape oscillator carries out the schematic diagram of injection locking；
Fig. 8 is that the ring oscillator circuit of the injection locking described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 shakes annular in asic chip
Swing the schematic diagram that device module carries out injection locking.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing, it will be appreciated that described herein preferred real
Apply example to be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The method of the present invention for realizing ring oscillator injection locking, make use of the power supply of ring oscillator unit to draw
The periodic radiofrequency signal of coupled external at foot, this method is simple, direct, without the extra input terminal for setting Injection Signal, makes
Whole circuit is more integrated, micromation, and cost is lower.
Wherein, the injected frequency ω of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjWith ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωo
Injection scale relationships be：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, wherein, n is positive integer, represents the number of higher hamonic wave.That is,
The external cycles radiofrequency signal of the power pins of ring oscillator unit is injected into, its frequencies omega injectedinjIn locking model
Within enclosing, particularly close to ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωoCertain harmonic wave near, and injection intensity AinjMeet certain
Critical value after, will draw ring oscillator frequency of oscillation realize locking.At this time, the voltage V of injectioninj=Ainj sin
(ωinjt+θinj), wherein, if the supply voltage of ring oscillator is V when noiselessDD, external cycles radio frequency source shakes in annular
It is A to swing the periodicity radio frequency signal amplitude produced on device power supplyinj, then injection intensity AinjScope be：(0,0.5VDD)。
Embodiment 1：
Ring oscillator unit in the present embodiment is basic circuit structure, as shown in figure 3, the circuit includes the straight of configuration
Galvanic electricity source 1, external cycles radio-frequency signal source 2 and ring oscillator circuit 40.Wherein, the nominal voltage of DC power supply 1 is Vo,
The supply voltage that ring oscillator circuit 40 works normally is provided；The concrete structure of ring oscillator circuit 40 as shown in figure 4, its
Obtained by 23 single-ended signal type phase inverters by being cascaded into loop；Single-ended signal type phase inverter 10,11,12 to 32, certainly,
The number of the single-ended signal type phase inverter can also be other odd numbers, be not limited only to 23, such as 5,9,15,27,
39 etc..The wherein described single-ended signal type phase inverter is by N-channel MOS type transistor and P-channel gold
Belong to oxide semiconductor-type transistor composition；The power supply that external cycles radio-frequency signal source 2 connects ring oscillator circuit 40 draws
Foot, by external cycles radiofrequency signal Vinj=Ainj sin(ωinjt+θinj) it is coupled to the power end of ring oscillator.
Meanwhile in order to further improve the stability by injecting after locking the frequency exported, then in the ring oscillation
The output terminal of device circuit 40 is connected with output buffer stage circuit 41.Equally, it is the electricity that its normal work is provided by DC power supply 1
Pressure.
In specific real process, if the ring oscillator that free oscillation frequency is 4.7MHz is in the exterior week of 200MHz
Under the injection of phase property radiofrequency signal, when injection amplitude AinjDuring more than 1.000V, ring oscillator is towed and is locked to new steady
Fixed frequency of oscillation ωinj_osc, test result is as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment and embodiment 1 only difference is that：What the ring oscillator unit was selected is
FPGA programmable chips 100, it has specifically included ring oscillator 110,120,130 and 140, and supporting multiple configurable
Logical block and programmable switch matrix composition, the number of its ring oscillator is also to set according to specific needs, its
Odd number is not limited only to, can also be other even numbers.
In implementation process as shown in Figure 7, configuration wherein 4 is gone to may be programmed core positioned at FPGA with identical HDL program
The configurable logic block of 100 diverse location of piece, it is to form 4 ring oscillator circuits with same circuits structure, i.e., annular
Oscillator 110,120,130 and 140.This 4 ring oscillator circuits in theory there is identical frequency of oscillation to export, but due to
FPGA programmable chips 100 are influenced by OCV (on piece process deviation) in the fabrication process, although this 4 ring oscillator tools
Have an identical circuit structure, but still because respectively positioned at FPGA programmable chips diverse location and performance difference, cause 4
The output frequency of oscillation of a ring oscillator circuit differs, and has differences.
Therefore, can be by external cycles radiofrequency signal V in order to avoid the probleminjIt is coupled to FPGA programmable chips
On 100 global power pin, while injection locking is carried out to 4 ring oscillator circuits, in suitable injected frequency and note
Enter the frequency of oscillation genlocing of 4 ring oscillator circuits to same frequency under strength condition, realize that identical frequency is defeated
Go out.
Embodiment 3：
As shown in figure 8, the present embodiment and embodiment 1 only difference is that：What the ring oscillator unit was selected is
ASIC dedicated IC chips, supporting DC power supply (being not drawn into figure) provide voltage for the normal work of chip, in addition,
At arrow in figure, namely VDDPlace is connected with external cycles radiofrequency signal Vinj。
In fig. 8, by the 130 nanometer technology single-ended signal type phase inverter of SMIC shown in the following table one of 1001 performances
INVX1 is cascaded into ring oscillator, which drives a 130 nanometer technology phase inverter INVX32 of SMIC to carry out
Output, forms ring oscillator module, is responsible for being connected to the power ring of ring oscillator module power supply with global power network, by
Power supply I/O PAD units are uniformly powered.
| The parasitic delay of door | Load factor | Input capacitance | Gate power dissipation | The shop front is accumulated |
| 0.0197ns | 4.8307ns/pF | 0.0026pF | 0.0032μW/MHz | 3.69×0.92μm2 |
Table one
As a kind of feasible injection locking technique scheme, external cycles radiofrequency signal is coupled to chip power I/
The packaging pin of O PAD units, and then the power ring of ring oscillator module is delivered to, realize the injection lock to ring oscillator
It is fixed, so as to obtain new locking frequency output.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not make limitation in any form to the present invention, therefore
Every any modification that without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, the technical spirit according to the present invention makees above example,
Equivalent variations and modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. method for realizing ring oscillator injection locking, it is characterised in that：External cycles radiofrequency signal is coupled to the power pins of ring oscillator unit；The power pins are Injection Signal Input terminal；Wherein, the injected frequency ω of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjWith ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωoInjection Scale relationships are：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, wherein, n is positive integer, represents the number of higher hamonic wave；The injection intensity A of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjScope be：0<Ainj<0.5VDD, wherein VDDFor it is noiseless when The supply voltage of ring oscillator.
- 2. a kind of ring oscillator circuit for injecting locking, including the ring oscillator unit being connected in series, it is characterised in that：External cycles radio-frequency signal source is coupled with the power pins of the ring oscillator unit；The injected frequency ω of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjWith ring oscillator free oscillation frequency ωoInjection scope Relation is：0.9ωo<ωinj/n<ωo, wherein, n is positive integer, represents the number of higher hamonic wave；The injection intensity A of the external cycles radiofrequency signalinjScope be：0<Ainj<0.5VDD, wherein VDDFor it is noiseless when The supply voltage of ring oscillator.
- 3. the ring oscillator circuit of injection locking according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The ring oscillator unit is odd number phase inverter by cascading the circuit formed.
- 4. the ring oscillator circuit of injection locking according to claim 2, it is characterised in thatThe ring oscillator unit includes phase inverter circuit and the output buffer being connected in series；The phase inverter circuit is by cascading the circuit formed by odd number phase inverter.
- 5. the ring oscillator circuit of the injection locking according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：The phase inverter is single-ended signal type phase inverter.
- 6. the ring oscillator circuit of injection locking according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The single-ended signal type phase inverter is partly led by N-channel MOS type transistor and P-channel metal oxide Bulk crystal pipe forms.
- 7. the ring oscillator circuit of injection locking according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The FPGA that the ring oscillator unit is ring oscillator, configurable logic block and programmable switch matrix form can be compiled Journey chip.
- 8. the ring oscillator circuit of injection locking according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The ring oscillator unit is the ASIC dedicated IC chips of ring oscillator composition.
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| US10418942B2 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-09-17 | Intel IP Corporation | Reference signal path for clock generation with an injection locked multiplier (ILM) |
| US11068589B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-07-20 | The Boeing Company | Interference detecting ring oscillators |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103501175A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-08 | 清华大学 | Millimeter-wave phase-locked loop |
| CN104052513A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江大学 | Orthogonal modulation receiver circuit structure based on injection locking ring oscillator |
| CN104579319A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-04-29 | 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 | Multi-phase clock generator |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8466721B2 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-06-18 | Panasonic Corporation | Injection locked frequency divider and PLL circuit |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103501175A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-08 | 清华大学 | Millimeter-wave phase-locked loop |
| CN104579319A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-04-29 | 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 | Multi-phase clock generator |
| CN104052513A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江大学 | Orthogonal modulation receiver circuit structure based on injection locking ring oscillator |
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