CN105262098A - Agile automatic voltage control method based on wind farm generated power fluctuating assessment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an agile automatic voltage control method based on wind farm generated power fluctuating assessment, and belongs to the technical field of automatic voltage control of a power system. The method comprises performing data acquisition for each wind power aggregated secondary control section when each data acquisition time T comes; calculating active power fluctuating ratio of each wind farm i in each secondary control section and determining whether the active power fluctuating ratio exceeds a limit; starting agile voltage control for once when one or more wind farms in the sections have the active power fluctuating ratio exceeding the limit; and starting normal voltage control once when none of the wind farms in the sections has the active power fluctuating ratio exceeding the limit and normal cycle control is reached. The method can be used for quickly adjusting the reactive voltage of each wind farm in a wind power region by starting agile automatic voltage control once, so as to suppress the influence of the wind power fluctuation on a power grid; and adopts the control based on a normal control cycle, keeps the voltage in the wind power region stable and balances the reactive power output of the wind farms.

Description

Based on the quick automatic voltage control method of wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment

Technical field

The invention belongs to electric power system automatism voltage control technical field, particularly a kind of quick automatic voltage control method based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment.

Background technology

Due to the shortage of coal resources, countries in the world are dropped into a large amount of human and material resources one after another and are explored new using energy source pattern, wind energy become universally acknowledged have tremendous expansion potentiality one of green energy resource.

The mode of current blower fan access electrical network has two kinds, one is by setting up wind energy turbine set, and field inner blower is concentrated on a large scale through transformer station and is incorporated to middle-voltage network, and another adopts distributed mode, by each blower fan access secondary network, power directly to terminal use.Wherein first kind of way can produce concentrated, jumbo generated output, obtain large-scale application in the world, relatively successful story is Denmark, till now, wind power generation proportion is more than 20%, estimate at the year two thousand twenty, wind power generation can account for 50% and more than, the second way has good development prospect in intelligent distribution network.In China, mainly to concentrate grid-connected pattern on a large scale, although wind power generation has a lot of advantage, but still there are some technical problems and have to be solved in wind power generation.Wherein relatively outstanding be exactly many wind energy turbine set because of voltage problem chain off-grid, automatism voltage control (AVC, AutomaticVoltageControl) system, is considered to effective ways of solution wind-powered electricity generation region voltage problem.

The electrical network automatism voltage control of main flow mainly contains Three models both at home and abroad at present:

The Two-stage control pattern that the first is is representative with German RWE Utilities Electric Co., the optimization carrying out optimal load flow (OPF) in grid dispatching center calculates, and result of calculation is directly dealt into each power plant, transformer station controls.In dispatching control center, OPF is based on state estimation, and real time execution, in the highest level of EMS, directly realizes considering to run the overall Reactive power control that constraint take loss minimization as target.Although this pattern controls simple, rely on OPF completely, the operational reliability of AVC is difficult to ensure.OPF is as static optimization computing function, and main consideration voltage bound retrains and loss minimization.If rely on OPF completely, then AVC is difficult to coordinate voltage stability, relies on OPF completely, cannot guarantee voltage stability.OPF model amount of calculation is large, and computing time is longer.When there is large disturbance in system, load being when skyrocketing or suddenly fall, if rely on OPF completely, then the response speed of AVC is inadequate, and the dynamic quality of control is difficult to ensure.

The tertiary voltage control pattern that the second is is representative with Electricite De France (EDF), its research and enforcement start from the seventies in last century, experienced by the research in more than 30 years, development and application, is be known as state-of-the-art voltage control system in the world at present.On international conference on large HV electric systems in 1972, engineer from EDF proposes and realize the voltage-controlled necessity of harmony in system scope, describe French EDF in detail with " maincenter bus ", the structure of the voltage control scheme based on " control area ", electrical network is divided into the control area of some decoupling zeros, whole control system is divided into three levels: voltage order one controls (PVC, PrimaryVoltageControl), secondary voltage control (SVC, and tertiary voltage control (TVC SecondaryVoltageControl), TertiaryVoltageControl).This control model obtains good application, but still there is shortcoming in this pattern, this is because the secondary voltage control in region (SVC) is developed based on the locality of power system reactive power voltage, and interregional reactive voltage has coupling, therefore the quality of control system is at the degree of coupling fundamentally depending on each interregional reactive power/voltage control.But, along with the development of electric power system and the real-time change of operating condition, think during design that the region of relative decoupling is not unalterable, and with the control sensitivity real-time change with operating condition especially that fixing controling parameters form exists, therefore this zone controller be fixed up in the form of hardware is difficult to adapt to the development of electric power system and the significantly change of real time execution operating mode, is therefore difficult to ensure good control effects enduringly.

The third is the tertiary voltage control pattern based on " soft sectoring " that Tsing-Hua University's department of electrical engineering dispatching automation laboratory proposes, and this pattern is used widely in large regions electrical network, provincial power network at home.In this mode, the AVC application software of control centre is made up of three class control module, Two-stage control module.Three class control is the optimal load flow (OPF) of overall idle work optimization, provides the voltage optimization control objectives that the whole network is coordinated; Two-stage control is that the control strategy of subregion decoupling zero calculates, the optimal control target of the maincenter bus in each subregion provided with three class control is input, to consider in subregion the Reactive-power control equipment such as power plant, calculate the control strategy of various idle resource in subregion, and be issued to power plant and transformer station; The sub-station device of plant stand end completes one-level and controls, and the control strategy that receiving scheduling main website issues also performs.The difference of the tertiary voltage control of this control model and French EDF is, online electrical network is carried out to the automatic division of control area by the software in control centre, namely the thought of " soft sectoring " is adopted, when electric network composition and operational mode change, the AVC main website of control centre can adapt to automatically, thus meets the requirement of power network development change.

Based in the tertiary voltage control pattern of " soft sectoring ", the secondary voltage control (SVC) of each subregion is the key link formed a connecting link.Guo Qing comes, Sun Hongbin, Zhang Baiming be in " research of coordinated secondary voltage control " (Automation of Electric Systems, in December, 2005, V29N23, pp.19-24) propose a kind of coordinated secondary voltage control towards subregion (CSVC) model in, and be used widely in the automatism voltage control of the hydroelectric plant of routine, thermal power plant.This model is being paid the utmost attention under the minimum prerequisite of maincenter busbar voltage deviation, and one's respective area generator operation is larger at Reactive Power Margin, more balanced state of exerting oneself to utilize unnecessary control freedom degree to ensure.The concrete physical meaning of each variable that this model relates to intuitively can be found out from figure.Wherein, Q _grepresent and control that generator is current idlely exerts oneself, V _grepresent and control Generator end bus current voltage, V _pexpression maincenter bus current voltage, V _hrepresent the current voltage of generator high-voltage side bus.C _gand C _vgfor reactive voltage sensitivity matrix, meet:

ΔV _p＝C _gΔQ _g(1.1)

ΔV _H＝C _vgΔQ _g(1.2)

Δ Q _gfor the Reactive-power control amount of generator, Δ V _hfor the Voltage Cortrol amount of high-pressure power plant side bus.Maincenter bus in subregion is generally artificial selection in advance and specifies.This model have employed quadratic programming model to calculate the control command of power plant.The target function of quadratic programming form is as follows:

$\underset{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g}{\min }\left\{W_p\right||a\·(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g|{|}^2+W_q\left|\right|{\mathrm{\Θ}}_g\left|{|}^2\right\}---\left(1.3\right)$

Wherein, the Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of generator is selected _gfor the optimized variable of quadratic programming; with represent idle lower limit and the idle upper limit respectively; represent the setting voltage in subregion; W _pand W _qfor weight coefficient, α is gain coefficient; The target function Part I of formula (3) embodies the desired value that adjustment generator reactive makes maincenter bus reach three class control to provide.Meanwhile, in order to realize increasing generator reactive nargin and make it more balanced object of exerting oneself, Reactive Power Margin vector theta is introduced at the Part II of target function _g, its i-th component is

${\mathrm{\Θ}}_{g_i}=\frac{Q_{g_i}+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_{g_i}-Q_{g_i}^{\min }}{Q_{g_i}^{\max }-Q_{g_i}^{\min }}---\left(1.4\right)$

Will || Θ _g|| ²(Reactive Power Margin vector theta _g) be incorporated in quadratic programming target function, can ensure to increase the Reactive Power Margin controlling generator on the one hand, impel each control generator to idle more balanced future development of exerting oneself on the other hand.Economize the minimization problem adjusting the secondary voltage control module of AVC to solve formula (3) when meeting security constraints, these constraints comprise:

$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& \left|C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\right|\≤{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\≤V_H+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\≤V_p+C_g\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\≤Q_g+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(1.5\right)$

Wherein V _p, with represent maincenter bus current voltage, maincenter busbar voltage lower limit and maincenter bus voltage upper limit respectively; Q _g, with represent respectively and control current idle, the idle lower limit of generator and the idle upper limit; V _h, with represent the maximum adjustment amount of single step of the current voltage of generator high-voltage side bus, lower voltage limit, upper voltage limit and permission respectively.

Foregoing relates to reactive voltage sensitivity matrix C _gand C _vg(wherein C _gfor power plant's Reactive-power control amount is to region maincenter busbar voltage V _psensitivity matrix, C _vgfor each power plant Reactive-power control amount is to generator high side bus voltage V _hsensitivity matrix) calculating.Sun Hongbin, Zhang Baiming, Xiang Niande is at " quasi-stationary Sensitivity Analysis Method " (Proceedings of the CSEE, in April, 1999 V19N4, pp.9-13) propose new sensitivity method in, different from the Sensitivity Analysis Method of the static state of routine, new sensitivity method considers the quasi-stationary physical responses of electric power system, take into account the total change before and after Systematical control between new and old stable state, effectively improve the precision of sensitivity analysis.The method, based on the PQ Decoupled Model of electric power system, when generator is provided with automatic voltage regulator (AVR), can think that this generator node is PV (active-power P and voltage magnitude V are given) node; And when generator be equipped with automatic reactive power regulate (AQR) or automatic power factor to regulate (APFR) time, can think this generator node be PQ identical with common load bus (active-power P and reactive power Q are given) node.In addition, static load characteristics is considered to node voltage once or conic section.These quasi-stationary physical responses just take in by tide model naturally set up like this, thus are quasi-stationary sensitivity based on the sensitivity that tide model calculates.Economize and adjust in AVC, C _gand C _vgall adopt quasi-stationary sensitivity.

At present for the electrical network AVC control system containing wind energy turbine set region, the above-mentioned tertiary voltage control pattern based on soft sectoring of many employings, the automatism voltage control of wind-powered electricity generation collection region is in the aspect of Two-stage control.Generally secondary voltage control subregion is set up to wind-powered electricity generation collection region, with the high-voltage side bus of each wind energy turbine set for control bus, with wind-powered electricity generation region collect station bus for maincenter bus, the voltage control strategy of each wind energy turbine set in each subregion of computation of Period.In the automatic voltage control system of control centre, when automatism voltage control is carried out to traditional thermal power plant, hydroelectric plant, all carry out the calculating of control strategy and issuing of control command according to the control cycle preset.Current domestic adopt 5 minutes is control cycle more.Because large-scale wind power access is in electrical network end weak link, wind power fluctuation on the voltage fluctuation impact of wind-electricity integration region bus significantly.There iing the region of more wind-electricity integration, the rapid fluctuations of exerting oneself because it is meritorious, the fluctuation of wind field high-voltage side bus and wind-powered electricity generation pooling zone maincenter bus may be caused in 5 minutes, need the maincenter busbar voltage control objectives revising wind energy turbine set bus and collection region in time, to meet the requirement of wind-powered electricity generation collection region Voltage Stability Control.

In sum, adopt the automatic voltage mode of traditional fixing control cycle in wind field collection region, the situation of wind-powered electricity generation collection region voltage rapid fluctuations cannot be adapted to, the control overflow of wind-electricity integration area voltage stability cannot be met.From current published document, also do not have better method can solve this problem.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to the weak point for overcoming prior art, a kind of quick automatic voltage control method based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment is provided, the method is by assessing the fluctuation of wind-electricity integration region each wind energy turbine set Active Generation power, when active power fluctuation amount exceedes to set threshold, start once quick automatism voltage control, the reactive voltage of each wind field in quick adjustment wind-powered electricity generation region, thus the impact suppressing that wind power fluctuation brings electrical network; When the active power fluctuation of wind field each in region is less, adopts and control based on normal control cycle, keep the voltage stabilization in wind-powered electricity generation region and take into account the idle torque equilibrium of wind energy turbine set.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows for achieving the above object:

A kind of quick automatic voltage control method based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that: in grid dispatching center automatic voltage control system, to the Controlling model of the AVC Two-stage control subregion k that wind-powered electricity generation collection region is set up with set Z _krepresent: Z _k={ V _p, V _h, P _g, Q _g, wherein V _prepresent the maincenter busbar voltage that in this subregion, each wind energy turbine set is collected, V _hrepresent each wind energy turbine set high-pressure side control bus voltage in this subregion, P _grepresent that the total meritorious of each wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself, Q _grepresent that each wind energy turbine set is always idle to exert oneself.The method preliminary setting data collection period T1 and data acquisition moment T, and normal control cycle T2 are the cycle carry out a data acquisition with T1, generate a subnormal control command with every normal control cycle T2;

The method comprises the following steps:

1) come temporarily, to the Two-stage control subregion Z that each wind-powered electricity generation collects at each data acquisition moment T _kcarry out a data acquisition; The data gathered comprise: in this secondary partition, each wind energy turbine set always generates electricity active-power P _g, reactive power Q _g, wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage V _h, wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage V _pinstantaneous value;

2) each Two-stage control subregion Z is calculated _kin each wind field i active power fluctuation rate and judge whether out-of-limit; Specifically comprise the steps:

2-1) calculate the active power fluctuation rate of each wind field i:

$R_{k,i}=\frac{\left|P_{k,i}^{T-1}-P_{k,i}^T\right|}{P_{k,i}^{mva}}---\left(1\right),$

Wherein: for the current T moment, the total meritorious of this wind field is exerted oneself; for the total meritorious of a upper moment wind field is exerted oneself;

for total installed capacity of wind-driven power of this wind field;

2-2) to the R obtained _k,i, determine whether to meet R _k,i> R ₀, wherein R ₀for the active power of wind power field fluctuation ratio critical parameter of setting; If met, subregion Z is described _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit, then perform step 3), otherwise return step 2-1) continue process subregion in next wind energy turbine set, until all wind energy turbine set process in subregion complete;

If 2-3) subregion Z _kin whole wind energy turbine set all to have checked and arbitrarily wind energy turbine set does not all meet R _k,i> R ₀, then step 4 is performed);

3) as subregion Z _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit time, then once quick voltage control is started to this subregion; Specifically comprise the following steps:

The responsive Controlling model of the coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 3-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g}{\min }\left\{\right||a\·(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g|{|}^2\}---\left(2\right),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& \left|C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\right|\≤{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\≤V_H+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\≤V_p+C_g\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\≤Q_g+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(1.5\right)$

Wherein C _gfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto region maincenter busbar voltage V _psensitivity matrix, C _vgfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto wind field high-pressure side control bus voltage V _hsensitivity matrix;

Constraints C ₀represent and meet the constraint that wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage regulates step-length; C ₁represent the constraint meeting wind field high side bus voltage safe operation limit value; C ₂represent the constraint meeting wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage security of operation limit value; C ₃represent and meet the always idle constraint of exerting oneself of each wind energy turbine set, wherein with for always idle lower limit and the higher limit of exerting oneself that each wind energy turbine set automatism voltage control substation is sent in real time;

3-2) utilizing 3-1) model that constructs calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (4) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in quick automatism voltage control at this

$V_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g---\left(4\right),$ for bus current voltage value;

3-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in this region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation, this region as control command and starts quick voltage control, go to step 5);

4) if subregion Z _kin do not have any wind energy turbine set to occur active power fluctuation rate is out-of-limit, then check current time whether reach normal cycle controls T2, as do not reached T2, then execution step 5); If reach T2, then start a normal voltage and control, specifically comprise the steps:

The normal Controlling model of coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 4-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g}{\min }\left\{W_p\right||a\·(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g|{|}^2+W_q\left|\right|{\mathrm{\Θ}}_g\left|{|}^2\right\}---\left(5\right),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& \left|C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\right|\≤{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\≤V_H+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\≤V_p+C_g\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\≤Q_g+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right),$

Wherein Θ _gthe harmonious index of exerting oneself for wind field field in subregion is idle;

4-2) utilizing 4-1) normal Controlling model calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (7) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in normal automatism voltage control at this:

$V_H^{set}{V}_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g---\left(4\right)$

4-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in the region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation as control command and starts normal voltage control; Go to step 5);

Epicycle controls to terminate, and waits for that the moment of data acquisition next time arrives, goes to step 1).

Feature of the present invention and effect:

The present invention proposes a kind of quick automatic voltage control method based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment.The method is by assessing the fluctuation of wind-electricity integration region each wind energy turbine set Active Generation power, when active power fluctuation amount exceedes to set threshold, start once quick automatism voltage control, the reactive voltage of each wind field in quick adjustment wind-powered electricity generation region, suppresses the impact that wind power fluctuation brings line voltage; When the active power fluctuation of wind field each in region is less, adopts and control based on normal control cycle, keep the voltage stabilization in wind-powered electricity generation region and take into account the idle torque equilibrium of wind energy turbine set.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 coordinated secondary voltage control model schematic.

Fig. 2 is the quick automatism voltage control flow chart that the present invention is based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment.

Fig. 3 is the wind energy turbine set schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiment

Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, be used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation, but not as a limitation of the invention.

A kind of quick automatic voltage control method based on wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that, in grid dispatching center automatic voltage control system, to the Controlling model of the AVC Two-stage control subregion k that wind-powered electricity generation collection region is set up with set Z _krepresent: Z _k={ V _p, V _h, P _g, Q _g, wherein V _prepresent the maincenter busbar voltage that in this subregion, each wind energy turbine set is collected, V _hrepresent each wind energy turbine set high-pressure side control bus voltage in this subregion, P _grepresent that the total meritorious of each wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself, Q _grepresent that each wind energy turbine set is always idle to exert oneself; Preliminary setting data collection period T1 and data acquisition moment T, and normal control cycle T2 (data collection cycle T1 is the automatic voltage control system image data cycle, be generally 30 seconds, normal control cycle T2 is the cycle that automatic control system generates instruction, be generally 5 minutes, data acquisition moment T is the time of image data, be generally the start time of a collection period T1, be carry out data acquisition (namely carrying out a data acquisition in every 30 seconds) cycle with T1, each normal control cycle (every 5 minutes) generates a subnormal control command;

The method comprises the following steps:

1) come temporarily, to the Two-stage control subregion Z that each wind-powered electricity generation collects at each data acquisition moment T _kcarry out a data acquisition; The data gathered comprise: in this secondary partition, each wind energy turbine set always generates electricity active-power P _g, reactive power Q _g, wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage V _h, wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage V _pinstantaneous value;

2) each Two-stage control subregion Z is calculated _kin each wind field i active power fluctuation rate and judge whether out-of-limit; Specifically comprise the steps:

2-1) calculate the active power fluctuation rate of each wind field i:

$R_{k,i}=\frac{\left|P_{k,i}^{T-1}-P_{k,i}^T\right|}{P_{k,i}^{mva}}---\left(1\right),$

Wherein: for the current T moment, the total meritorious of this wind field is exerted oneself; for the total meritorious of a upper moment wind field is exerted oneself; for total installed capacity of wind-driven power of this wind field;

2-2) to the R obtained _k,i, determine whether to meet R _k,i> R ₀, wherein R ₀for the active power of wind power field fluctuation ratio critical parameter (R of setting ₀general value 0.3); If met, subregion Z is described _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit, then perform step 3), otherwise return step 2-1) continue process subregion in next wind energy turbine set, until all wind energy turbine set process in subregion complete;

If 2-3) subregion Z _kin whole wind energy turbine set all to have checked and arbitrarily wind energy turbine set does not all meet R _k,i> R ₀, then step 4 is performed);

3) as subregion Z _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit time, then once quick voltage control is started to this subregion; Specifically comprise the following steps:

The responsive Controlling model of the coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 3-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g}{\min }\left\{\right||a\·(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g|{|}^2\}---\left(2\right),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& \left|C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\right|\≤{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\≤V_H+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\≤V_p+C_g\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\≤Q_g+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right),$

Wherein C _gfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto region maincenter busbar voltage V _psensitivity matrix, C _vgfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto wind field high-pressure side control bus voltage V _hsensitivity matrix;

(meaning of this model objective function is by the most effective wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _g, by the maincenter busbar voltage V of wind-powered electricity generation collection region _pbe adjusted to control objectives near, thus keep the stable of wind-powered electricity generation collection region voltage.)

Constraints C ₀represent and meet the constraint that wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage regulates step-length; C ₁represent the constraint meeting wind field high side bus voltage safe operation limit value; C ₂represent the constraint meeting wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage security of operation limit value; C ₃represent and meet the always idle constraint of exerting oneself of each wind energy turbine set, wherein with (this limit value changes along with the change of wind energy turbine set inner blower and other reactive apparatus running statuses for always idle exert oneself lower limit and the higher limit sent in real time for each wind energy turbine set automatism voltage control substation, blower fan and other reactive apparatus put into operation more, always idle upper limit value and lower limit value of exerting oneself is wider), be a kind of limit value constraint of real-time update);

(in this quick Controlling model, do not consider the idle harmonious index of exerting oneself of wind energy turbine set, only consider utilization the most effective means quick adjustment voltage, can the reactive voltage of each wind field in quick adjustment wind-powered electricity generation region, suppress the impact that wind power fluctuation brings line voltage; )

3-2) utilizing 3-1) model that constructs calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (4) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in quick automatism voltage control at this

$V_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g---\left(4\right),$ for bus current voltage value;

3-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in this region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation, this region as control command and starts quick voltage control, go to step 5);

4) if subregion Z _kin do not have any wind energy turbine set to occur active power fluctuation rate is out-of-limit, then check current time whether reach normal cycle controls T2, as do not reached T2, then execution step 5); If reach T2, then start a normal voltage and control, specifically comprise the steps:

The normal Controlling model of coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 4-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g}{\min }\left\{W_p\right||a\·(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g|{|}^2+W_q\left|\right|{\mathrm{\Θ}}_g\left|{|}^2\right\}---\left(5\right),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& \left|C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\right|\≤{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\≤V_H+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\≤V_p+C_g\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\≤Q_g+{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g\≤Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right),$

Wherein Θ _gthe harmonious index of exerting oneself for wind field field in subregion is idle;

(compare quick Controlling model, idle the exerting oneself that this target function adds each wind energy turbine set in Part II and region is tending towards balanced target, can keep the voltage stabilization in wind-powered electricity generation region and take into account the idle torque equilibrium of wind energy turbine set.Each constraints of the normal control type of this mould and step 3) identical.)

4-2) utilizing 4-1) normal Controlling model calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (7) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in normal automatism voltage control at this:

$V_H^{set}{V}_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\·{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_g---\left(4\right);$

4-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in the region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation as control command and starts normal voltage control; Go to step 5);

5) epicycle controls to terminate, and waits for that the moment of data acquisition next time arrives, goes to step 1).

Embodiment

The present embodiment is to a Two-stage control subregion (Z _k) carry out automatism voltage control, comprise 2 110kV wind energy turbine set in this subregion and be respectively P1, P2, and 1 110kV collect station S1, wherein the installed capacity of P1 wind energy turbine set is 250MW, the installed capacity of P2 wind energy turbine set is 300MW, and this region maincenter bus is the 110kV bus that S1 collects station; Wherein the idle change of P1 wind energy turbine set to the sensitivity of maincenter bus be 0.078 (kV/Mvar), be 0.098 (kV/Mvar) to the sensitivity of P1 control bus, to P2 control bus sensitivity 0.052 (kV/Mvar), change that P2 wind energy turbine set is idle to the sensitivity of maincenter bus be 0.079 (kV/Mvar), be 0.049 (kV/Mvar) to the sensitivity of P1 control bus, to P2 control bus sensitivity 0.095 (kV/Mvar).According to electric connecting relation, by topology search, automatically form simplification Equivalent Model as shown in Figure 2.

Based on the simplification Equivalent Model formed, the method for the present embodiment comprises the following steps: preliminary setting data collection period T1 is 30 seconds, and normal control cycle T2 is 5 minutes, and initial condition data is as follows:

1) perform a data acquisition, gather each wind energy turbine set and always to generate electricity active-power P ₁=15MW, P ₂=36MW, reactive power Q ₁=8 (Mvar), Q ₂=26 (Mvar), wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage V ₁=115.4kV, V ₂=117.8kV, wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage V _pinstantaneous value 117.6kV;

2) to subregion Z _kin wind field P1, P2, perform following steps successively:

2-1) calculate its meritorious rate of change of P1 wind energy turbine set:

$R_{k,1}=\frac{\left|12-15\right|}{250}=0.012$

2-2) to the R obtained _k,i=0.012<R ₀(wherein R ₀for the active power of wind power field fluctuation ratio critical parameter of setting, the present embodiment R ₀be set to 0.3).

2-3) P2 wind energy turbine set in subregion whole wind energy turbine set does not all meet R _k,i> R ₀.

3) subregion Z _kin do not have wind energy turbine set to occur active power fluctuation rate is out-of-limit, current time reaches normal cycle and controls moment T2 (5 minutes), starts the control of normal cycle, as follows:

3-1) in secondary voltage control, the target function of structure coordinated secondary voltage control model, and add calculating constraint.Calculate the Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of P1 wind energy turbine set ₁the Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of=5.2Mvar, P2 wind energy turbine set ₂=-4.1Mvar;

3-2) utilize 3-1) total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of wind field of calculating of step ₁and Δ Q ₂, calculate:

$V_1^{set}=V_1^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_1=115.4+0.51$

$V_2^{set}=V_2^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_2=117.8+(-0.39)$

The P1 wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage set point of taking turns at this in automatism voltage control can be obtained p2 wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage sets

3-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in the region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation to perform.

Can see, in normal periodic Control, the target function adopted both had considered the control objectives of maincenter bus, have also contemplated that the harmony that in region, wind energy turbine set is idle, therefore control strategy adds the idle of wind energy turbine set P1 and exerts oneself, reduce the idle of wind energy turbine set P2 to exert oneself, the voltage of maincenter bus remains on the optimization target values of setting simultaneously.

4) perform a new data acquisition, gather each wind energy turbine set and always to generate electricity active-power P ₁=95MW, P ₂=25MW, reactive power Q ₁=40 (Mvar) (upper limit is that 40Mvar, wind energy turbine set P1 Reactive-power control ability is used up), Q ₂=16 (Mvar), wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage V ₁=114.3kV, V ₂=117.0kV, wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage V _pinstantaneous value 116.5kV;

5) to subregion Z _kin wind field P1, P2, perform following steps successively:

5-1) calculate its meritorious rate of change of P1:

$R_{k,1}=\frac{\left|95-15\right|}{250}=0.32$

5-2) to the R obtained _{k, 1}=0.32 determines whether to meet R _{k, 1}> R ₀, (wherein R ₀for the active power of wind power field fluctuation ratio critical parameter of setting, the present embodiment R ₀be set to 0.3), satisfy condition, start once quick voltage control;

6) subregion Z _kthe active power fluctuation rate of middle P1 wind energy turbine set is out-of-limit, starts once quick voltage control to this subregion, as follows:

6-1) construct the target function of quick voltage control model, and add calculating constraint.Calculate the Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of P1 wind energy turbine set ₁the Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of=0Mvar, P2 wind energy turbine set ₂=10.53Mvar;

6-2) utilize 6-1 model to calculate, obtain total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field ₁and Δ Q ₂, calculate:

$V_1^{set}=V_1^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_1=114.3+0.00$

$V_2^{set}=V_2^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_2=117.1+1.03$

Can obtain taking turns P1 wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage set point in quick automatism voltage control at this p2 wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage sets

6-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in the region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation to perform.

7) epicycle terminates, and waits for data acquisition next time, goes to step 1).

In the quick automatism voltage control of epicycle, because significantly meritorious fluctuation appears in P1 wind field, its busbar voltage is caused to decline to a great extent, due to the effect of automatism voltage control substation in P1 wind field, it regulates reactive apparatus such as the blower fans in field, and all Reactive-power control ability has been used up, and now P1 wind field high side bus voltage is still on the low side, the maincenter busbar voltage in region also deviate from optimization target values, has occurred the fluctuation situation of voltage.Although and P2 wind field has idle regulating power simultaneously, the high side bus voltage of himself and the last round of set point deviation issued still are less than controlling dead error (0.5kV), and control response can not be carried out in the reactive power/voltage control substation in its wind field.

Now by the judgement of fluctuation ratio of gaining merit to P1 wind field, automatically perform the calculating of quick voltage control strategy, the alive regulating command of increasing has been issued to P2, P1 has been issued to the Heibei provincial opera instruction keeping current voltage simultaneously.Can seeing, by regulating the high side voltage set point of P2 wind energy turbine set in time, making P2 wind field adjuster reactive apparatus, help the voltage fluctuation eliminating maincenter bus, make the voltage of maincenter bus remain on the optimization target values of setting.

Above the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is described in detail, apply specific case herein to set forth the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and execution mode, the explanation of above embodiment is only applicable to the principle helping to understand the embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, embodiment and range of application all will change, and in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. based on a quick automatic voltage control method for wind energy turbine set generated output fluctuation assessment, it is characterized in that, in grid dispatching center automatic voltage control system, to the Controlling model of the AVC Two-stage control subregion k that wind-powered electricity generation collection region is set up with set Z _krepresent: Z _k={ V _p, V _h, P _g, Q _g, wherein V _prepresent the maincenter busbar voltage that in this subregion, each wind energy turbine set is collected, V _hrepresent each wind energy turbine set high-pressure side control bus voltage in this subregion, P _grepresent that the total meritorious of each wind energy turbine set is exerted oneself, Q _grepresent that each wind energy turbine set is always idle to exert oneself; Preliminary setting data collection period T1 and data acquisition moment T, and normal control cycle T2 are the cycle carry out a data acquisition with T1, generate a subnormal control command with every normal control cycle T2;

The method comprises the following steps:

1) come temporarily, to the Two-stage control subregion Z that each wind-powered electricity generation collects at each data acquisition moment T _kcarry out a data acquisition; The data gathered comprise: in this secondary partition, each wind energy turbine set always generates electricity active-power P _g, reactive power Q _g, wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage V _h, wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage V _pinstantaneous value;

2) each Two-stage control subregion Z is calculated _kin each wind field i active power fluctuation rate and judge whether out-of-limit; Specifically comprise the steps:

2-1) calculate the active power fluctuation rate of each wind field i:

$R_{k,i}=\frac{|P_{k,i}^{T-1}-P_{k,i}^T|}{P_{k,i}^{mva}}---\left(1\right),$

Wherein: for the current T moment, the total meritorious of this wind field is exerted oneself; for the total meritorious of a upper moment wind field is exerted oneself; for total installed capacity of wind-driven power of this wind field;

2-2) to the R obtained _k,i, determine whether to meet R _k,i> R ₀, wherein R ₀for the active power of wind power field fluctuation ratio critical parameter of setting; If met, subregion Z is described _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit, then perform step 3), otherwise return step 2-1) continue process subregion in next wind energy turbine set, until all wind energy turbine set process in subregion complete;

If 2-3) subregion Z _kin whole wind energy turbine set all to have checked and arbitrarily wind energy turbine set does not all meet R _k,i> R ₀, then step 4 is performed);

3) as subregion Z _kin have the active power fluctuation rate of wind energy turbine set out-of-limit time, then once quick voltage control is started to this subregion; Specifically comprise the following steps:

The responsive Controlling model of the coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 3-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g}{\min }\left\{\right||a\&CenterDot;(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g|{|}^2\}---(2),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& |C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g|\&le;{\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\&le;V_H+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\&le;V_p+C_g\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\&le;Q_g+{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right),$

Wherein C _gfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto region maincenter busbar voltage V _psensitivity matrix, C _vgfor each wind energy turbine set Reactive-power control amount Δ Q _gto wind field high-pressure side control bus voltage V _hsensitivity matrix;

Constraints C ₀represent and meet the constraint that wind energy turbine set high side bus voltage regulates step-length; C ₁represent the constraint meeting wind field high side bus voltage safe operation limit value; C ₂represent the constraint meeting wind-powered electricity generation collection region maincenter busbar voltage security of operation limit value; C ₃represent and meet the always idle constraint of exerting oneself of each wind energy turbine set, wherein with for always idle lower limit and the higher limit of exerting oneself that each wind energy turbine set automatism voltage control substation is sent in real time;

3-2) utilizing 3-1) model that constructs calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (4) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in quick automatism voltage control at this

$V_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g---\left(4\right),$ for bus current voltage value;

3-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in this region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation, this region as control command and starts quick voltage control, go to step 5);

4) if subregion Z _kin do not have any wind energy turbine set to occur active power fluctuation rate is out-of-limit, then check current time whether reach normal cycle controls T2, as do not reached T2, then execution step 5); If reach T2, then start a normal voltage and control, specifically comprise the steps:

The normal Controlling model of coordination secondary voltage be made up of target function constraints 4-1) constructing this subregion is as follows:

Target function: $\underset{{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g}{\min }\left\{W_p\right||a\&CenterDot;(V_p-V_p^{ref})+C_g{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g|{|}^2+W_q\left|\right|{\mathrm{\&Theta;}}_g\left|{|}^2\right\}---\left(5\right),$

Constraints: $\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_0:& |C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g|\&le;{\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_H^{\max }\\ C_1:& V_H^{\min }\&le;V_H+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;V_H^{\max }\\ C_2:& V_p^{\min }\&le;V_p+C_g\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;V_p^{\max }\\ C_3:& Q_g^{\min }\&le;Q_g+{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g\&le;Q_g^{\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right),$

Wherein Θ _gthe harmonious index of exerting oneself for wind field field in subregion is idle;

4-2) utilizing 4-1) normal Controlling model calculates, and obtains total Reactive-power control amount Δ Q of each wind field _g, then calculate each wind field according to formula (7) and to take turns high side bus voltage set point in normal automatism voltage control at this:

$V_H^{set}{V}_H^{set}=V_H^{real}+C_{vg}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&Delta;Q}}_g---\left(4\right);$

4-3) wind field high-voltage side bus set point each in the region calculated is issued to each wind field automatism voltage control substation as control command and starts normal voltage control; Go to step 5);

5) epicycle controls to terminate, and waits for that the moment of data acquisition next time arrives, goes to step 1).