CN105259051A - Method for quickly testing mechanical property of engineering rock - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种工程岩体力学特性的快速测试方法，属于工程测试方法。方法：(1)确定各钻孔位置，钻孔在巷道中距工作面不同距离布置、(2)利用成像仪进行钻孔窥视、(3)根据钻孔窥视状况，确定弹模仪器、剪切仪器实验点、(4)进行钻孔剪切、弹模实验、(5)实验数据分析。该方法在巷道中钻孔，通过钻孔窥视仪得到钻孔内结构面发育状况及其破坏特征，并作为弹模、剪切实验选点依据，通过弹模、剪切仪器测得岩体弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力，通过不同钻孔数据分析对比，确定不同采动程度影响下巷道围岩弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力及破坏特征及其内在联系。对巷道支护及效果分析、补强支护设计等具有重要指导意义，该方法简单直便，用时短，数据可靠。
The invention discloses a rapid testing method for mechanical properties of engineering rock mass, which belongs to engineering testing methods. Methods: (1) Determine the location of each drilling hole, and the drilling holes are arranged at different distances from the working face in the roadway; (2) Use the imager to peek at the drilling holes; Instrument experiment point, (4) drilling shear, elastic model experiment, (5) experiment data analysis. In this method, a hole is drilled in the roadway, and the development status and failure characteristics of the structural plane in the borehole are obtained through the borehole peeping instrument, which is used as the basis for selecting points for the elastic modulus and shear experiments, and the elasticity of the rock mass is measured by the elastic modulus and shear instruments. Modulus, internal friction angle, cohesive force, through the analysis and comparison of different drilling data, the elastic modulus, internal friction angle, cohesive force and failure characteristics of the roadway surrounding rock under the influence of different mining degrees and their internal relations are determined. It has important guiding significance for roadway support and effect analysis, reinforcement support design, etc. The method is simple, convenient, short in time and reliable in data.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种围岩的快速测试方法，特别是一种工程岩体力学特性的快速测试方法。The invention relates to a rapid testing method for surrounding rock, in particular to a rapid testing method for mechanical properties of engineering rock mass.
背景技术Background technique
由于原位测试技术可克服室内试验扰动性、尺寸效应、无法保持岩体原有结构、原有含水率及原有应力状态等缺点，逐渐发展成为一种重要的岩体力学参数取值手段。目前，煤矿工程岩体性质测试多采用实验室岩块测试，弹模仪、剪切仪是常用的原位测试工具，弹模仪可以测取岩体的弹性模量，剪切仪可以测取岩体的内摩擦角、内聚力。Since the in-situ test technology can overcome the shortcomings of indoor test disturbance, size effect, and inability to maintain the original structure, original water content and original stress state of the rock mass, it has gradually developed into an important means of determining the mechanical parameters of the rock mass. At present, rock mass properties in coal mine engineering are mostly tested by rock blocks in the laboratory. Elastic modulus and shear instruments are commonly used in-situ testing tools. Elastic modulus can measure the elastic modulus of rock mass, and shear instrument can measure The internal friction angle and cohesion of rock mass.
煤矿因其特殊性，巷道顶底板岩层的确切界限无法确定，受采掘扰动影响，巷道围岩并非完整，围岩内存在离层、破碎区。成像仪能直观、清晰显示钻孔内岩层层理、节理、裂隙等结构面发育状况及其破坏特征，因此被广泛用于煤矿领域，作为巷道支护设计中地质条件评估的重要手段。若将剪切仪、弹模仪应用于煤矿，须先确定实验测点的岩性及构造、破坏状态，成像仪是其重要的辅助手段。在工作面采动影响下，巷道受超前支承压力作用，围岩变形增大，裂隙发育，破碎程度增大，完整性变差，岩体力学性质也发生一定变化，若能测得采动影响下的巷道围岩岩体力学参数及破坏特征，在掘巷初期加以考虑，设计足够的支护强度，便可以将围岩变形控制在合理范围内，有利于矿井安全高效生产。Due to the particularity of coal mines, the exact boundary of the roof and floor rock layers of the roadway cannot be determined. Due to the impact of mining disturbance, the surrounding rock of the roadway is not complete, and there are separation layers and broken areas in the surrounding rock. The imager can intuitively and clearly display the development status and failure characteristics of structural planes such as bedding, joints, and fissures in the borehole, so it is widely used in the field of coal mines as an important means of evaluating geological conditions in roadway support design. If the shear instrument and elastic modulus instrument are applied to coal mines, the lithology, structure, and failure state of the experimental measurement points must be determined first, and the imager is an important auxiliary means. Under the influence of the mining of the working face, the roadway is affected by the advanced bearing pressure, the deformation of the surrounding rock increases, the cracks develop, the degree of fragmentation increases, the integrity deteriorates, and the mechanical properties of the rock mass also change to a certain extent. If the impact of mining can be measured The mechanical parameters and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock mass of the roadway under the roadway should be considered at the initial stage of roadway excavation, and sufficient support strength can be designed to control the deformation of the surrounding rock within a reasonable range, which is conducive to the safe and efficient production of the mine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是要提供一种工程岩体力学特性的快速测试方法，采动影响下巷道围岩工程力学特性及破坏特征的快速测试，获得岩体内摩擦角，内聚力，弹性模量及破坏特征及随工作面推进的变化情况，为巷道支护方案设计、巷道支护效果评价、补强支护方案设计提供依据。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid test method for the mechanical properties of engineering rock mass, the rapid test of the engineering mechanical properties and damage characteristics of the roadway surrounding rock under the influence of mining, and obtain the friction angle, cohesion, elastic modulus and damage in the rock body. The characteristics and changes with the advancement of the working face provide a basis for the design of the roadway support scheme, the evaluation of the roadway support effect, and the design of the reinforcement support scheme.
本发明的目的是这样实现的，快速测试方法具体步骤如下：The purpose of the present invention is achieved in that the quick test method concrete steps are as follows:
步骤一、确定各钻孔位置，钻孔在巷道中距工作面不同距离布置；所述的不同距离为沿工作面前方应力增高区至应力不变区；Step 1. Determine the location of each drill hole, and the drill holes are arranged at different distances from the working face in the roadway; the different distances are from the stress-increased area in front of the working face to the stress-invariant area;
步骤二、利用成像仪进行钻孔窥视，并记录岩层分界线及钻孔孔壁完整段、破碎段深度范围，保存钻孔窥视录像文件；Step 2. Use the imager to spy on the borehole, and record the boundary line of the rock formation, the complete section of the borehole wall, and the depth range of the broken section, and save the video file of the borehole peep;
步骤三、根据钻孔窥视状况，选择钻孔孔壁岩石完整段作为弹模仪器、剪切仪器实验点；Step 3. According to the peeping conditions of the borehole, the complete rock section of the borehole wall is selected as the experimental point of the elastic modulus instrument and the shear instrument;
步骤四、进行钻孔弹模、剪切实验，记录钻孔编号，测点深度，测点岩性，及应力、弹模实验的位移，法向应力、剪切试验的切向应力；Step 4, carry out borehole elastic modulus, shear experiment, record drilling number, measuring point depth, measuring point lithology, and stress, displacement of elastic modulus experiment, normal stress, tangential stress of shear test;
步骤五、实验数据分析：处理实验数据，通过不同钻孔数据对比分析，获得不同工作面采动程度影响，包括微弱采动影响情况下巷道围岩工程力学的弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力特性、破坏特征及其间的联系。Step 5. Experimental data analysis: process the experimental data, and compare and analyze different drilling data to obtain the influence of different working face mining degrees, including the elastic modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion of roadway surrounding rock engineering mechanics under the condition of weak mining influence properties, damage features and the connections between them.
有益效果：本方法将钻孔弹模仪、剪切仪引进到煤矿领域，结合成像仪对巷道围岩工程力学特性及破坏特征在进行测试，考虑了工作面回采对巷道围岩破坏及岩体力学参数的影响，可克服室内试验扰动性、尺寸效应、无法保持岩体原有结构、原有含水率及原有应力状态等缺点，对巷道支护设计、支护效果评价、补强支护设计等具有重要指导意义。优点：用时短，数据可靠性大大提高。Beneficial effects: This method introduces the drilling elastic modulus instrument and the shear instrument into the coal mine field, and combines the imager to test the engineering mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway, taking into account the damage to the surrounding rock of the roadway and the rock mass caused by the mining of the working face. The influence of mechanical parameters can overcome the shortcomings of indoor test disturbance, size effect, failure to maintain the original structure of rock mass, original moisture content and original stress state, etc. Design, etc. have important guiding significance. Advantages: Short time and greatly improved data reliability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是弹模仪示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the elastometer.
图2是剪切仪示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the shearing apparatus.
图3是成像仪示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the imager.
图中，1-探头，2-仪表盘，3-推杆，4-线缆，5-高压油路，6-手动高压泵，7-调平托盘，8-千斤顶，9-固定螺母，10-深度编码器，11-线盘。In the figure, 1-probe, 2-dashboard, 3-push rod, 4-cable, 5-high pressure oil circuit, 6-manual high pressure pump, 7-leveling tray, 8-jack, 9-fixing nut, 10 - Depth encoder, 11-wire reel.
具体实施方式detailed description
快速测试方法具体步骤如下：The specific steps of the quick test method are as follows:
步骤一、确定各钻孔位置，钻孔在巷道中距工作面不同距离布置；所述的不同距离为沿工作面前方应力增高区至应力不变区；Step 1. Determine the location of each drill hole, and the drill holes are arranged at different distances from the working face in the roadway; the different distances are from the stress-increased area in front of the working face to the stress-invariant area;
步骤二、利用成像仪进行钻孔窥视，并记录岩层分界线及钻孔孔壁完整段、破碎段深度范围，保存钻孔窥视录像文件；Step 2. Use the imager to spy on the borehole, and record the boundary line of the rock formation, the complete section of the borehole wall, and the depth range of the broken section, and save the video file of the borehole peep;
步骤三、根据钻孔窥视状况，选择钻孔孔壁岩石完整段作为弹模仪器、剪切仪器实验点；Step 3. According to the peeping conditions of the borehole, the complete rock section of the borehole wall is selected as the experimental point of the elastic modulus instrument and the shear instrument;
步骤四、进行钻孔弹模、剪切实验，记录钻孔编号，测点深度，测点岩性，及应力、弹模实验的位移，法向应力、剪切试验的切向应力；Step 4, carry out borehole elastic modulus, shear experiment, record drilling number, measuring point depth, measuring point lithology, and stress, displacement of elastic modulus experiment, normal stress, tangential stress of shear test;
步骤五、实验数据分析：处理实验数据，通过不同钻孔数据对比分析，获得不同工作面采动程度影响，包括微弱采动影响情况下巷道围岩工程力学的弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力特性、破坏特征及其间的联系。Step 5. Experimental data analysis: process the experimental data, and compare and analyze different drilling data to obtain the influence of different working face mining degrees, including the elastic modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion of roadway surrounding rock engineering mechanics under the condition of weak mining influence properties, damage features and the connections between them.
该方法通过成像仪得到巷道围岩地质特征与破坏特征，通过剪切仪、弹模仪得到巷道围岩弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力；In this method, the geological characteristics and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway are obtained through the imager, and the elastic modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion of the surrounding rock of the roadway are obtained through the shear instrument and the elastic modulus;
该方法通过钻孔窥视得到的钻孔孔壁特征为弹模仪、剪切仪实验选点提供依据。In this method, the characteristics of the borehole wall obtained by peeking through the borehole provide a basis for the selection of the experimental points of the elastic modulus and shear instrument.
该方法通过在巷道中布置距工作面不同距离(沿工作面前方应力增高区至应力不变区)的一系列钻孔，确定不同采动程度影响下巷道围岩弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力及破坏特征及其内在联系。This method determines the elastic modulus, internal friction angle, Cohesion and damage characteristics and their internal relations.
实施例1：方法步骤如下：Embodiment 1: method steps are as follows:
(1)第一步：确定各钻孔位置(1) The first step: determine the location of each drilling hole
钻孔在巷道中距工作面不同距离(沿工作面前方应力增高区至应力不变区)布置，例：在巷道顶板布置钻孔5个，距离工作面距离分别为：5m,15m，30m，50m，80m，钻孔布置在巷道顶板，直径76mm，孔深7m，成孔后立即进行测试。Boreholes are arranged at different distances from the working face in the roadway (along the stress increase area in front of the working face to the stress constant area). 50m, 80m, the drill holes are arranged on the roof of the roadway, the diameter is 76mm, the hole depth is 7m, and the test is carried out immediately after the hole is formed.
(2)第二步：利用成像仪进行钻孔窥视(2) The second step: use the imager to peep through the borehole
通过3推杆不断推进1探头，拍摄影像由4线缆传输到2仪表盘，由仪表盘可直接观测到孔壁岩石层理、节理、裂隙发育状况及其所处的位置，在推杆过程中(纸笔)记录岩层分界线及钻孔孔壁完整段、破碎段深度范围，钻孔窥视结束后保存数据文件。The 1 probe is continuously pushed through the 3 push rods, and the shooting image is transmitted from the 4 cables to the 2 instrument panel. The instrument panel can directly observe the rock bedding, joints, fracture development status and their location on the hole wall. During the push rod process In the middle (paper and pen), record the boundary line of the rock strata and the depth range of the complete section of the borehole wall and the broken section, and save the data file after the drilling peep is completed.
(3)第三步：确定钻孔弹模、剪切试验点(3) The third step: determine the drilling modulus and shear test points
根据步骤二中钻孔窥视记录，选择钻孔孔壁完整段作为弹模仪器、剪切仪器实验点，一个测点只能做一次弹模实验或剪切实验，剪切实验可以在同一深度旋转45°以获得最多4个测点，测点数应尽量多，以平衡随机误差(弹模实验1个测点获得1组数据，剪切实验施加不同法向应力的4个或以上测点获得一组数据)；According to the peeping record of the borehole in step 2, the complete section of the borehole wall is selected as the experimental point of the elastic modulus instrument and the shearing instrument. Only one elastic modulus experiment or shearing experiment can be done at one measuring point, and the shearing experiment can be rotated at the same depth 45° to obtain a maximum of 4 measuring points, and the number of measuring points should be as large as possible to balance random errors (1 set of data is obtained from 1 measuring point in the elastic modulus experiment, and 4 or more measuring points with different normal stresses in the shear experiment are obtained to obtain a group data);
(4)第四步：进行钻孔弹模、剪切试验(4) The fourth step: conduct drilling modulus and shear tests
依次进行钻孔弹模、剪切实验，记录钻孔编号，测点深度，测点岩性及仪器数据。弹模实验：通过3推杆将1探头送至选定试验点，通过6手动高压泵给予初始应力使探头固定，逐级加压至最大应力(例：2Mpa，5Mpa，10Mpa…，最大应力视岩性而定)、逐级减压(至0Mpa)，通过仪表盘2记录应力值及对应位移，卸压回油，重复上述步骤直至全部测点结束；剪切实验：通过推杆3将探头送至选定试验点，通过6手动高压泵施加法向应力使探头固定，依次安装7调平托盘、8千斤顶、9固定螺母，继续泵压至预设法向应力值，施加切向应力，记录最大切应力值及对应法向应力值，卸压回油，进行下一测点测试，直至全部测点结束。Carry out drilling modulus and shear experiments in sequence, and record the drilling number, depth of measuring point, lithology of measuring point and instrument data. Elastic model test: Send 1 probe to the selected test point through 3 push rods, give initial stress to the probe through 6 manual high-pressure pumps, and pressurize step by step to the maximum stress (for example: 2Mpa, 5Mpa, 10Mpa..., the maximum stress depends on Depending on the lithology), step by step decompression (to 0Mpa), record the stress value and corresponding displacement through the instrument panel 2, release the pressure and return to the oil, repeat the above steps until the end of all measuring points; shear experiment: put the probe through the push rod 3 Send it to the selected test point, apply normal stress to the probe through 6 manual high-pressure pumps, install 7 leveling trays, 8 jacks, and 9 fixing nuts in sequence, continue pumping to the preset normal stress value, and apply tangential stress, Record the maximum shear stress value and the corresponding normal stress value, release the pressure and return to the oil, and proceed to the next measuring point test until all the measuring points are completed.
(5)第五步：实验数据分析(5) Step five: Experimental data analysis
绘制应力-位移曲线(弹模实验)与法向应力-切向应力曲线(剪切实验)并计算得出弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力，根据钻孔窥视录像、孔壁展开图对岩层层理、节理、裂隙等结构面发育状况及其破坏特征进行分析，通过不同钻孔数据对比分析，获得不同工作面采动程度影响下(包括微弱采动影响情况)巷道围岩工程力学特性(弹性模量、内摩擦角、内聚力)、破坏特征及其间的联系。Draw the stress-displacement curve (elastic modulus test) and normal stress-tangential stress curve (shear test) and calculate the elastic modulus, internal friction angle and cohesion, and analyze the rock formation according to the drilling video and the expansion diagram of the hole wall The development status of bedding, joints, fissures and other structural planes and their failure characteristics were analyzed. Through the comparative analysis of different drilling data, the engineering mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of the roadway under the influence of different mining degrees (including weak mining effects) were obtained ( Elastic modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion), failure characteristics and the relationship between them.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107024396A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-08-08 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of rock field shear test strength testing device and method |
| CN108413895A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-17 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of endoscope and observation procedure of observation rock mass hole |
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| CN111678809B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-07-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of test device and test method for friction angle and cohesion force in coal and rock body |
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