CN105258364B - Refraction-based solar light homogenizing tube type reactor or dryer and design method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a refraction-based solar light homogenizing tube type reactor or dryer and a design method thereof. The reactor or dryer is composed of a plurality of cylindrical transparent hollow light refraction media with a certain refractive index and a certain thickness in a fit manner. The position between the outer surface of the cylindrical transparent hollow light refraction medium on the outmost layer and the cylindrical transparent hollow light refraction medium adjacent to the cylindrical transparent hollow light refraction medium on the outmost layer is covered with an antireflection film used for reducing light reflection losses. The relative index of refraction of the cylindrical transparent hollow light refraction media and air is increased in sequence from outside to inside. The design method for the reactor or dryer is further provided. According to the solar tube type reactor or dryer designed through the method, light reflecting losses can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the peripheral light receiving angle of the solar tube type reactor or dryer can be effectively increased, the area of the backlight side can effectively receive light, then light distribution on the reactor or dryer is optimized, and the distribution uniformity of light in the peripheral direction of the reactor or dryer is further improved.

Description

The equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy or exsiccator and its method for designing based on refraction

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy tubular reactor or exsiccator and its method for designing, and in particular to one kind is based on folding Penetrate principle, with larger circumferential light receiver angle, the circumferentially distributed more uniform solar energy tubular reactor of luminous energy or exsiccator And its method for designing.

Background technology

Solar energy has the advantages that to have a very wide distribution, reserves are big, cleanliness without any pollution.The efficient solar thermal utilization of solar energy for The problem of environmental pollution for solving our times energy crisis and thus causing has great significance.

Solar energy photocatalytic hydrogen manufacturing is a kind of effective form that solar energy is utilized.With compound parabolic photocatalysis hydrogen production As a example by reactor (CPC), photocatalysis hydrogen production reaction is carried out in tubular catalytic reactor, and solar irradiation is mapped to light-catalyzed reaction On device, then into inside photo catalysis reactor, there is catalytic reaction in reactant liquor in the presence of illumination and catalyst, produce hydrogen Gas, realizes conversion of the solar energy to Hydrogen Energy.The circumferential light of catalytic reactor is distributed the catalytic reaction to inside reactor to be had Important impact.Conventional photocatalysis hydrogen production reactor is usually used the transparent material processing and fabricating such as very thin glass, reactor Surface can cause larger energy loss because of light line reflection.(sensitive surface is only in addition, reactor circumference light receiver limited angle Just to light portion, circumferential light receiver angle≤180 °), light distribution concentration of local, backlight side cannot be subject to illumination, cause Photocatalysis hydrogen production reaction cannot be carried out, the efficiency of solar energy photocatalytic hydrogen manufacturing is significantly reduced.

Solar energy dry materials device is a kind of effective form that heat utilization is carried out using solar energy.In solar dryer In, material is subject to the light radiation of sunlight and thermodynamic activity, moisture gradually to evaporate, and ultimately becomes drying regime.At present, solar energy Exsiccator mainly includes that greenhouse type solar dryer, heat-collector type solar exsiccator, green house-heat-collector type solar are dried Device, concentrating solar exsiccator and monoblock type solar dryer.By taking greenhouse type solar dryer as an example, only just to too The one side of sunlight, material could directly be subject to illumination, backlight side cannot receiving light shine, therefore material is heated concentration of local, right The quality of product, profile are adversely affected after drying.Additionally, when solar irradiation is mapped to dryer surface, can be because of light line reflection Act on and cause larger energy loss.In sum, the problem that current solar energy reactor or exsiccator are present mainly includes： (1) reactor or dryer surface cause larger energy loss because of light reflection；(2) reactor or exsiccator circumference Light receiver limited angle (usually just to light portion, circumferential light receiver angle≤180 °), Energy distribution concentration of local, no Uniformly, it is impossible to which realizing efficiently too can solar heat utilization.

The content of the invention

For the problem for overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of solar energy based on refraction Equal light pipe type reactor or exsiccator and its method for designing, the reactor obtained by the method optimization design or exsiccator, can The light reflection loss of reactor or dryer surface is effectively reduced, while reactor or exsiccator circumference light can effectively be increased Line receiving angle, making the region of backlight side can also be efficiently received illumination, so as to optimize reactor or the light on exsiccator Distribution, improves light in the circumferentially distributed uniformity of reactor or exsiccator.

To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：

A kind of equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy or exsiccator based on refraction, by it is multiple with certain refractive index, it is certain The cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of thickness mutually suits composition, and outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis are situated between Anti-reflection film is covered between matter outer surface and adjacent cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, is damaged to the reflection for reducing light Lose；For internal-response or cavity is dried in innermost layer cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis media interior wall；Ecto-entad, circle Cylinder shape transparent hollow anaclasis medium increases successively with the relative index of refraction of air.

The material of the anti-reflection film is Afluon (Asta), titanium oxide, vulcanized lead or lead selenide.

A kind of method for designing of described equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy or exsiccator based on refraction, outermost circle Internal diameter d, the light of the outer diameter D of cylinder shape transparent hollow anaclasis medium, the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of innermost layer Number of plies N of refractive medium, refractive index n_j, monolayer anaclasis dielectric thickness d_j, the maximum total deviation angle [alpha] of light need to meet to divide into Meter criterion：

Wherein,For opposed, inwardly directed the i-th -1 layer anaclasis medium of inside i-th layer of anaclasis medium Relative index of refraction, n_i,0For the refractive index of inside i-th layer of anaclasis medium relative atmospheric, n_i-1,0For inside the i-th -1 layer anaclasis Jie The refractive index of matter relative atmospheric；

Additionally, when the cylindrical of the outer diameter D in outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, innermost layer is saturating It is to obtain reactor or the circumferential bigger light of exsiccator internal cavity in the case that the internal diameter d of bright hollow anaclasis medium determines Line acceptance angle, makes light circumferentially distributed evenly in reactor or exsiccator internal cavity, and the more anaclasis of the design number of plies are situated between Matter, realizes the further optimization to reactor or exsiccator design；I.e. N is bigger, and reactor or exsiccator internal cavity are circumferential Light receiver angle is bigger, and light is circumferentially distributed more uniform in reactor or exsiccator internal cavity.

The calculating process of the design criteria is comprised the following steps：

After light deflects in inside jth layer refractive medium, into+1 layer of anaclasis medium of inside jth, and with When interior interface to jth layer refractive medium and between interior+1 layer of refractive medium to jth is tangent, the deviation degree of light is maximum；Successively Analogize, when light is all tangent with adjacent anaclasis medium interface (when light enters outermost layer anaclasis medium, with its outer surface It is tangent), the circumferential light receiver angle of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity reaches maximum, thus obtains light in inside jth layer In maximum refraction angle θ_jMeet：

Thus can obtain：

From the geometrical relationship in right angled triangle, maximum refraction angle θ of the light in inside jth layer_jWith inside jth layer light Line refractive medium outer radius r_j,+1 layer of light refractive medium outer radius r of inside jth_j+1(for the anti-of N shell anaclasis medium For answering device or exsiccator, r₀=D/2；r_N+1=d/2) meet following relation：

Obtain

For the design of N shell anaclasis medium, the outer diameter D of outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, most The internal diameter d of the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of internal layer meets relationship below：

Now, the anaclasis dielectric thickness d of inside jth layer_jMeet：

The maximum deflection angle [alpha] of light in inside jth layer_jMeet：

Obtain the maximum deflection angle [alpha] of light in inside jth layer_j：

Therefore the maximum total deviation angle [alpha] of N shell anaclasis Light in Medium line is：

Additionally, by formula (1)-(3) understand when outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium outer diameter D, In the case that the internal diameter d of the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of innermost layer determines, N is bigger, and α is bigger.Therefore, it is acquisition Reactor or the circumferential bigger light receiver angle of exsiccator internal cavity, make light in reactor or exsiccator internal cavity circumference It is more evenly distributed, the more anaclasis media of the number of plies can be designed.

The present invention provides the method for designing of the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy based on refraction or exsiccator, by giving most Outer layer light refractive medium external diameter (D), innermost layer light refractive medium internal diameter (d), the number of plies (N) of anaclasis medium, refractive index (n_j), monolayer light refractive medium thickness (d_j), monolayer light refractive medium outer radius (r_j), maximum total deviation angle (α) of light Between design criteria relation, the equal light pipe type reactor of the efficient solar energy of acquisition or exsiccator can be designed.According to present invention design Based on refraction the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy or drying appliance have the advantage that：(1) reactor or dryer surface and Anti-reflection film is designed between light refractive medium, the caused energy loss by light reflection is effectively reduced, effectively Improve the solar thermal utilization efficiency of reactor or exsiccator to solar energy；(2) the anaclasis medium of multilamellar different refractivity is designed, is made Constantly there is refractive deflection in light, a part of light enters the incidence of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity in anaclasis medium Position because refraction action to light side from just backlight side is changed into, so as to considerably increase the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy Or light receiver angle that exsiccator is circumferential (>180°)；(3) there is multilamellar certain thickness anaclasis medium there is accumulation of heat to make With, can the reactant liquor or air of the reacted device of convection current or exsiccator internal cavity effectively heated, form convection current, be solar energy Light-catalyzed reaction or dry materials provide favourable temperature and flox condition.

Description of the drawings

The reactor with 2 layers of anaclasis medium or exsiccator that Fig. 1 light is obtained in the method for designing according to the present invention In round schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the reactor with the different anaclasis medium numbers of plies based on present invention design obtained by computed in software Or the light distributing position figure in exsiccator internal cavity circumference.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

Embodiment one

Using the reactor or exsiccator design and optimization method of the present invention, design has 1 layer of (N=1) anaclasis medium Solar energy reactor or exsiccator, it is assumed that reactor or exsiccator external diameter (D) are 4cm, and outside is covered with anti-reflection film, reduces light Reflection loss, exsiccator or reactor inside diameter (d) are 2.12cm, under light distribution optimal conditionss, can according to formula (1) ：

The thickness d of anaclasis medium can be obtained by formula (2)₁：

Maximum total deviation angle [alpha] (°) of light can be obtained by formula (3)：

According to refractive index value, it is extradense flint material (refractive index is 1.89) that this layer of anaclasis medium may be selected, Thickness is 0.94cm, so that it is determined that the physical dimension and material of reactor or exsiccator, complete solar energy reactor or exsiccator Optimal design.From the geometrically symmetric relation of circular section, reactor or the circumferential maximum light receiver angle of exsiccator be 2 × (90 ° of+α)=296 °.

Embodiment two

There is the solar energy reactor or exsiccator of 2 layers of (N=2) anaclasis medium using present invention design, it is assumed that reaction Device or exsiccator external diameter (D) are 4cm, and outside is covered with anti-reflection film, reduces the reflection loss of light, exsiccator or reactor inside diameter D () is 2.12cm, under light distribution optimal conditionss, understood according to formula (1)

Thus the refractive index that 2 layers of anaclasis medium can be obtained meets：

n_2,1·n_1,0=1.89

According to the refractive index of material, and inside 2nd layer of anaclasis medium is than the refractive index of inside 1st layer of anaclasis medium Height, may be selected n_1,0=1.5, n_2,1=1.26, therefore n_2,0=1.89, anti-reflection film is designed between two-layer anaclasis medium, reduce light The reflection loss of line.Thereby determine that inside ground floor anaclasis medium may be selected simple glass material, second layer anaclasis medium Optional extradense flint material is (it is also an option that the anaclasis medium of other two kinds of unlike materials, only need to meet above-mentioned meter Calculate the index of refraction relationship between the 2 layers of anaclasis medium for obtaining).

The thickness of each layer of anaclasis medium can respectively be determined according to formula (2)：

The maximum total deviation angle [alpha] of light in the reactor or exsiccator designed according to the present invention can be obtained according to formula (3) (°):

The final physical dimension and material for determining reactor or exsiccator, inside ground floor anaclasis medium is simple glass Material, thickness is 0.67cm, and inside second layer anaclasis medium is extradense flint material, and thickness is 0.27cm, so as to complete Into solar energy reactor or the optimal design of exsiccator.By the geometrically symmetric relation of circular section, reactor or exsiccator week can be obtained It is 2 × (90 ° of+α)=351.4 ° to light receiver angle.The reactor obtained according to the design criteria of the present embodiment or exsiccator And light propagation path wherein is as shown in Figure 1.By outer layer anti-reflection film 1, the inside ground floor light of simple glass material is rolled over Penetrate medium 2, intermediate layer anti-reflection film 3, the inside second layer light refractive medium 4 of extradense flint material and internal-response or dry Dry cavity 5 is constituted.Light is irradiated to outer layer anti-reflection film 1, and hyporeflexia, transmitted light strengthens, and is situated between into inside ground floor anaclasis Reflect after matter 2, light path deflects, when being irradiated to intermediate layer anti-reflection film 3, reflection light weakens, and most light enter Enter inside second layer anaclasis medium 4, light deflects again, finally by circumferential more evenly into internal-response or dry Dry cavity 5, so as to realize light-catalyzed reaction and dry materials.In the above-mentioned reactor designed according to the present invention or exsiccator, light Line almost can effectively increase circumferential light receiver angle from all-round to entering reaction or being dried cavity, make light in reactor Or exsiccator is circumferentially distributed is more uniformly distributed.From formula (1)-(3), to make the circumferential light of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity Line acceptance angle is bigger, and light is circumferentially distributed evenly in reactor or exsiccator internal cavity, can be according to the method for the present invention pair Reactor or exsiccator design are further optimized.Specifically, in outermost layer light refractive medium external diameter (D), innermost layer In the case that light refractive medium internal diameter (d) determines, the anaclasis medium (N >=3) of more numbers of plies can be designed.

To prove that the solar energy reactor or exsiccator and its method for designing of the present invention can be effectively increased reactor or drying The circumferential solar energy acceptance angle of device, and the further optimization to reactor or exsiccator design is capable of achieving, separately design with 1 Layer, the solar energy reactor of 2 layers of anaclasis medium or exsiccator, using software to light in conventional tube reactor or drying Device, based on the present invention design the reactor with 1 layer of anaclasis medium or exsiccator and based on the present invention design with 2 layers Light communication process in the reactor or exsiccator of anaclasis medium is calculated, and finally obtains 3 kinds of reactors or drying Light distributing position on device internal cavity, as shown in Figure 2：The circumferential light receiver angle of conventional reactor or exsiccator is 180°；The light receiver of the reactor with 1 layer of anaclasis medium or exsiccator internal cavity circumference based on present invention design Angle is 296 °；The light of the reactor with 2 layers of anaclasis medium or exsiccator internal cavity circumference based on present invention design Line receiving angle is 351.4 °.Thus prove, based on the method for the present invention, the new type solar energy pipe based on refraction that design is obtained Formula reactor or exsiccator, can be effectively increased the circumferential light receiver angle of solar energy tubular reactor or exsiccator, make light It is circumferentially distributed more uniform in reactor or exsiccator.Additionally, in the case of caliber determination inside and outside reactor or exsiccator, leading to Cross and design more anaclasis medium numbers of plies, be capable of achieving to light in the circumferentially distributed further optimization of reactor or exsiccator, The light receiver angle for finally making solar energy tubular reactor or exsiccator circumferential further increases, light in tubular reactor or Exsiccator is circumferentially distributed more uniform.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of based on the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy for reflecting or exsiccator, it is characterised in that：By multiple with certain folding Penetrate rate, certain thickness cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium and mutually suit composition, the transparent sky of outermost cylindrical Anti-reflection film is covered between heart anaclasis media inside surface and adjacent cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, to reduce light The reflection loss of line；It is internal-response or drying chamber in the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis media interior wall of innermost layer Body；Ecto-entad, cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium increases successively with the relative index of refraction of air.

2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy for reflecting or exsiccator, its feature exists In：The material of the anti-reflection film is Afluon (Asta), titanium oxide, vulcanized lead or lead selenide.

3. described in claim 1 it is a kind of based on refraction the equal light pipe type reactor of solar energy or exsiccator method for designing, its It is characterised by：The outer diameter D of outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, the cylindrical transparent hollow light of innermost layer The internal diameter d of refractive medium, number of plies N of anaclasis medium, refractive index n_j, monolayer anaclasis dielectric thickness d_j, the maximum total deviation of light Angle [alpha] need to meet following design criteria：

$\frac{d}{D}=\frac{1}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Π}}{n}_{i,i-1}}---\left(1\right)$

$d_j=\frac{D(n_{j,j-1}-1)}{2\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{j}{\Π}}{n}_{i,i-1}}---\left(2\right)$

$\mathrm{\α}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}arccos\left(\frac{1}{n_{i,i-1}}\right)---\left(3\right)$

Wherein,For the relative of opposed, inwardly directed the i-th -1 layer anaclasis medium of inside i-th layer of anaclasis medium Rate, n_i,0For the refractive index of inside i-th layer of anaclasis medium relative atmospheric, n_i-1,0It is relatively empty for inside the i-th -1 layer anaclasis medium The refractive index of gas；

Additionally, when the outer diameter D in outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, the transparent sky of cylindrical of innermost layer It is to obtain the circumferentially bigger light of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity to connect in the case that the internal diameter d of heart anaclasis medium determines Angle is received, makes light circumferentially distributed evenly, then design the more anaclasis media of the number of plies, realized to reactor or exsiccator design Further optimization, N is bigger, and the circumferential light receiver angle of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity is bigger, light in reactor or Exsiccator internal cavity is circumferentially distributed more uniform.

4. method for designing according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The calculating process of the design criteria includes following step Suddenly：

After light deflects in inside jth layer refractive medium, into+1 layer of anaclasis medium of inside jth, and with introversion When interface between jth layer refractive medium and interior from+1 layer of refractive medium to jth is tangent, the deviation degree of light is maximum；The like, When light is all tangent with adjacent anaclasis medium interface, the circumferential light receiver angle of reactor or exsiccator internal cavity reaches Maximum, thus obtains maximum refraction angle θ of the light in inside jth layer_jMeet：

$n_{j,j-1}=\frac{sin(\mathrm{\π}/2)}{{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_j}=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{sin\θ}}_j}---\left(4\right)$

Thus can obtain： ${\mathrm{sin\θ}}_j=\frac{1}{n_{j,j-1}}---\left(5\right)$

From the geometrical relationship in right angled triangle, maximum refraction angle θ of the light in inside jth layer_jWith inside jth layer light Line refractive medium outer radius r_j,+1 layer of light refractive medium outer radius r of inside jth_j+1Meet following relation：

${\mathrm{sin\θ}}_j=\frac{r_{j+1}}{r_j}---\left(6\right)$

Obtain $\frac{r_{j+1}}{r_j}=\frac{1}{n_{j,j-1}}---\left(7\right)$

For the design of N shell anaclasis medium, the outer diameter D of outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium, most The internal diameter d of the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of internal layer meets relationship below：

$\frac{d}{D}=\frac{d}{2\·r_N}\·\frac{r_N}{r_{N-1}}\mathrm{....}\frac{2\·r_2}{D}=\frac{1}{n_{N,N-1}}\·\frac{1}{n_{N-1,N-2}}\mathrm{....}\frac{1}{n_{1,0}}=\frac{1}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Π}}{n}_{i,i-1}}---\left(1\right)$

Now, the anaclasis dielectric thickness d of inside jth layer_jMeet：

$d_j=r_j-r_{j+1}=r_j\·\frac{n_{j,j-1}-1}{n_{j,j-1}}=r_{j-1}\·\frac{1}{n_{j-1,j-2}}\·\frac{n_{j,j-1}-1}{n_{j,j-1}}=\mathrm{...}=\frac{D(n_{j,j-1}-1)}{2\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{j}{\mathrm{\Π}}}{n}_{i,i-1}}---\left(2\right)$

The maximum deflection angle [alpha] of light in inside jth layer_jMeet：

${\mathrm{cos\α}}_j=\frac{r_{j+1}}{r_j}---\left(8\right)$

Obtain the maximum deflection angle [alpha] of light in inside jth layer_j：

${\mathrm{\α}}_j=arccos\frac{r_{j+1}}{r_j}---\left(9\right)$

Therefore the maximum total deviation angle [alpha] of N shell anaclasis Light in Medium line is：

$\mathrm{\α}={\mathrm{\α}}_1+...+{\mathrm{\α}}_N=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}arccos\left(\frac{r_{i+1}}{r_i}\right)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\Σ}}arccos\left(\frac{1}{n_{i,i-1}}\right)---\left(3\right)$

Additionally, being understood when the outer diameter D, most interior in outermost cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium by formula (1)-(3) In the case that the internal diameter d of the cylindrical transparent hollow anaclasis medium of layer determines, N is bigger, and α is bigger.