CN105256349A - Preparation technology for composite material - Google Patents
Preparation technology for composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105256349A CN105256349A CN201510716581.3A CN201510716581A CN105256349A CN 105256349 A CN105256349 A CN 105256349A CN 201510716581 A CN201510716581 A CN 201510716581A CN 105256349 A CN105256349 A CN 105256349A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation technology for a composite material. The technology is used for the carbon fiber reinforced copper-based composite material, after carbon fibers are subjected to degumming treatment, the surfaces of the carbon fibers are plated with copper, and the bonding strength of plated layers and the carbon fibers is improved. The preparation technology includes the steps of carbon fiber heating degumming, alkaline oil removing, cleaning, clamping, primary copper plating, secondary copper plating, cleaning, passivating, releasing and preparation finishing. The heating temperature for carbon fiber degumming ranges from 300 DEG C to 400 DEG C, heating time ranges from 5 min to 10 min, a 10% NaOH solution is adopted for alkaline oil removing, and temperature of a solution ranges from 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C. According to copper plating, 30-40 g/L of copper sulfate and 60-80 g/L of potassium nitrate are adopted, the temperature of the solution ranges from 45 DEG C to 55 DEG C, PH ranges from 9.0 to 9.5, electroplating time ranges from 60 s to 80 s every time, and the current ranges from 0.4 A to 0.6 A. According to the technology, the thicknesses of the electroplated layers on the surfaces of the carbon fibers are uniform, the mechanical performance of the carbon fibers is not damaged, the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers is greatly improved, technological processes are simple, operation is convenient, and the preparation technology is suitable for volume production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology of matrix material.
Background technology
The mechanism and enhancement mechanism of continuous composite material, it is draw from the concept " mixed criteria equation " of simplicity that the most basic mechanics is considered, we suppose that one group of that align, straight continuous fibre buries and form matrix material in the base, form desirable geometry arrangement, normally regular hexagon or square, and think and to be combined well with matrix.
Interface is considered to affect the key factor of matrix material particularly mechanical property, and interfacial layer makes fiber and matrix form an entirety, and transmits stress by its.The interface of metal-based fibers matrix material has following several types usually:
One class interface, fiber and matrix do not react mutually and do not dissolve mutually yet, as copper/tungsten filament, copper/carbon fiber, copper/sapphire whisker, aluminium/silicon carbide fiber.This kind of interface is smooth, and thickness is only the thickness of molecular layer, except former moiety, substantially not containing other materials on interface.
Two class interfaces, fiber and matrix do not react but mutually dissolve, and as the tungsten filament of copper/chromium plating, nickel/carbon fiber, nickel/tungsten filament, this kind of interface is the dissolving dispersion pattern interface of the interlocking be made up of former moiety.
Three class interfaces, fiber and matrix interreaction form interfacial reaction layer, and as titanium/sapphire whisker, titanium/boron fibre, aluminium/silicon carbide fiber, aluminium/carbon fiber, the surface reaction material (interfacial reaction layer) about submicron order is contained at this kind of interface.
The interface cohesion of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite can be divided into following several form:
Physical bond
The mechanical snap that physical bond refers to roughened state by material surface and produces, and pack tightly by the string stress of matrix the frictional engagement that fiber makes generation, this combination and chemical action have nothing to do.Sheerly physical action, the size of bonding strength and the degree of roughness of fiber surface have much relations.Such as, with the fibre composite made through surface etching treatment, the fibre composite that its strength ratio has smooth surface is about high 203 times, but this combination only has and could realize stronger effect when loading stress is parallel to interface, beautiful when stress very little perpendicular to supporting capacity during interface.
Dissolve and combine with infiltration
The interaction force of fiber and matrix is pole short distance, only has some interatomic distances, because fiber surface often exists oxide film, hinders the infiltration of liquid metal, at this moment just needs to process fiber surface.As utilized supersonic method by the disruptive oxidation thing film of mechanical friction, making the contact angle of fiber and matrix be less than 90 degree, occurring to infiltrate or locally dissolve each other to improve interface binding power.
Reaction bonded
It is characterized in that between fiber and matrix, form new compound layer, i.e. interfacial reaction layer, interfacial reaction layer is not often single compound, as boron fibre strengthens titanium aluminum alloy, has multiple reaction product in interfacial reaction layer.Generally, increase with level of response, interface bond strength also increases.But because interfacial reaction products mostly is crumbly mass, so when interfacial layer is to certain thickness, the unrelieved stress on interface can make interfacial failure, reduces interface bond strength on the contrary.
The manufacturing process of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite
Powder metallurgic method
Powder metallurgic method first sprinkles layer of metal powder on the macrofiber of arrangement, cold pressing after fiber and metal-powder is mutually alternately stacked, then sinter: after macrofiber cut short mix with metal-powder after, cold-rolled sintered obtained matrix material again, can improve composite property as entered alloying elements in metal-powder.The advantage of this method is that manufacture temperature is low, is suitable for the combination of multiple matrix and fiber (particularly short carbon fiber), and shortcoming is that fibre-tendering is large, and skewness, content is not high.
Diffusion bonding method
Toughener first impregnating metal after surface treatment is made precursor wire by this method, then is stacked in vacuum condition (or protective atmosphere) with tinsel (and powder) and a little less than Hot pressing diffusion bonding forming at the temperature of melting point metal.This method is less to fibre-tendering, and obtained composite density is higher, but production efficiency is low, and equipment requirements is high.
Extrusion rolling method
Utilize extruding or rolling to be combined with stratiform matrix by fiber, the advantage of this method is that surface reaction is little, orientation rule, and shortcoming easily damages fiber, also restricted to matrix.
Squeeze casting method
This method manufactures the comparatively ideal approach of metal-base composites, and toughener is first made preform by this technique, puts into fixed model and is preheated to certain temperature, pour into metal melt, depressed by formpiston and pressurize, and after cooling, namely the demoulding obtains component rapidly.Because high pressure improves the wetting property of metal melt. also eliminate the defects such as pore, therefore matrix material quality is better, can once shaped simultaneously.
Vacuum one air pressure teeming practice
This method is made by toughener after preform puts into die cavity, heats and vacuumize, then with air pressure, metal melt being pressed into die cavity, rapidly the demoulding after cooling.This method is the same with squeeze casting method obtains fine and close component, adds lower pressure again owing to first vacuumizing simultaneously, therefore less to fibre-tendering, and its mechanical property is better than extrusion process.
Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite studies more, that application is wider a kind of matrix material in fibre reinforced composites.Due to him, to have density little, and specific tenacity, specific modulus are high, and electrical and thermal conductivity is good, and the advantage such as good stability of the dimension under hot strength and high temperature, particularly field of aerospace is used widely in a lot of fields.As manufactured the various parts etc. on cable, piston, water screw, blade and rocket, satellite, aircraft with carbon fiber one aluminum matrix composite.
Properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite is with the conduction of its excellence, heat conduction, anti-attrition and wear resisting property and low thermal expansivity, more and more cause the attention of industry member, such as utilize the feature of its low thermal expansivity and electrical and thermal conductivity excellence, thyristor can be manufactured, support electrode in electronic component and contact material, thus replacement resource-constrained, expensive gold, silver, molybdenum, the materials such as tungsten, make the conduction crawler shoe of electric locomotive, electrode brush etc. can extend the work-ing life of these component greatly, the life cycle of extension device, save a large amount of maintenance costs.Properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite can also be used to manufacture cooling integrated plate.In addition, with continuous carbon fibre or short carbon fiber reinforced copper alloy, the material of various property can also be obtained, as continuous carbon fibre strengthens Cu-base composites, both there is good hot strength, there is again good erosion resistance, be expected to develop into up-and-coming high-temperature structural material.As the graphite Cu-base composites of the aerospace applications of U.S.'s development, its working temperature can reach 870 degree, no less than now widely used nickel base superalloy.Therefore the important directions that properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite is China's metallurgy and material industry development is researched and developed.
In the preparation process of carbon fiber copper matrix reinforced composite. the wettability of copper to carbon fiber is very poor, and copper and carbon fiber solid-state all very little with mutual solubility under liquid state, and chemical reaction do not occur, and do not form carbide.Carbon fiber spread coefficient in copper is almost nil. and the interface of carbon fiber and copper is the physical bond based on mechanical bond, and interface is both without spreading also without chemical reaction.This interface cohesion is more weak, and its lateral shear intensity is only 30MPa, limits the raising of the strength of materials, and good solution carries out copper plating treatment to carbon fiber surface, and conventional is electroless plating and plating.Carbon fiber plates the layers of copper of one deck even compact.There is bibliographical information can use the method for duplex plating, first plate one deck copper, then plate one deck nickel or titanium, diffuse to carbon fiber surface by layers of copper and react, thus improve the intensity of matrix material.The copper atom of separating out during copper facing is very easily assembled at carbon fiber surface, and first deposits in the groove of carbon fiber, and therefore carbon fiber surface surface roughness have impact on combining closely of carbon fiber copper matrix composite to a great extent.Terms of settlement carries out surface oxidation treatment, as nitric acid oxidation method to carbon fiber.Air oxidation process, secures a large amount of oxygen in the form of a functional group, and makes carbon fiber surface significantly play hole, adds the friendly roughness of table.Current copper facing short carbon fiber generally adopts the method for plating macrofiber then mechanical cutting, and that does like this is highly efficient in productivity, and cost is lower, but due to cut off rear fiber end face on do not have layers of copper coated, cause impact to the combination of matrix and fiber.How current many units all directly plate by the method for electroless plating in discussion on staple fibre.Its feasibility is proved substantially, and that studies at present focuses on a kind of simple, economic optimised process that can be used for producing in enormous quantities of searching.
Manufacture properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite, powder metallurgy process more, with powder metallurgical technique production of copper based composites have that fortifying fibre is evenly distributed, product performance are stable, production technique is reliable, low cost and other advantages, this is that other method cannot be compared.Therefore, with powder metallurgic method production of copper based composites, tool is of great significance and very high economic worth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the preparation technology proposing a kind of matrix material.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation technology of matrix material, this technique is properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite, carry out except after glue process to carbon fiber, in carbon fiber surface copper facing, the bonding strength of raising coating and carbon fiber, comprising: carbon fiber heating is except glue, and---alkaline degreasing------being installed,---------------unload card---and prepared in cleaning in secondary copper facing in a copper facing in cleaning by passivation.The Heating temperature that carbon fiber removes glue is 300---400 degree, and heat-up time 5---10min, alkaline degreasing is the NaOH solution of 10%, and temperature is 40---50 degree.Copper facing comprises copper sulfate 30---40g/L, saltpetre 60---80g/L, and the temperature of solution is 45---55 degree, PH is 9.0---9.5, each electroplating time is 60---80s, electric current is 0.4---0.6A.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation technology of matrix material, this technique is properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite, carry out except after glue process to carbon fiber, in carbon fiber surface copper facing, the bonding strength of raising coating and carbon fiber, comprising: carbon fiber heating is except glue, and---alkaline degreasing------being installed,---------------unload card---and prepared in cleaning in secondary copper facing in a copper facing in cleaning by passivation.Carbon fiber is polypropylene cyano group carbon fiber, carbon fiber except the Heating temperature of glue be 300 degree, heat-up time 10min, alkaline degreasing is the NaOH solution of 10%, and temperature is 50 degree.Copper facing comprises copper sulfate 40g/L, saltpetre 80g/L, and the temperature of solution is 55 degree, and PH is 9.5, and each electroplating time is 80s, and electric current is 0.6A.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation technology of matrix material, this technique is properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite, carry out except after glue process to carbon fiber, in carbon fiber surface copper facing, the bonding strength of raising coating and carbon fiber, comprising: carbon fiber heating is except glue, and---alkaline degreasing------being installed,---------------unload card---and prepared in cleaning in secondary copper facing in a copper facing in cleaning by passivation.Carbon fiber is PAN short carbon fiber, carbon fiber except the Heating temperature of glue be 400 degree, heat-up time 15min, alkaline degreasing is the NaOH solution of 10%, and temperature is 45 degree.Copper facing comprises copper sulfate 50g/L, Tripotassium Citrate 60g/L, and the temperature of solution is 55 degree, and PH is 9.0, and each electroplating time is 70s, and electric current is 0.4A.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation technology of a matrix material, this technique is properties of carbon fiber reinforced copper composite, it is characterized in that carrying out except after glue process to carbon fiber, in carbon fiber surface copper facing, the bonding strength of raising coating and carbon fiber, comprising: carbon fiber heating is except glue, and---alkaline degreasing------being installed,---------------unload card---and prepared in cleaning in secondary copper facing in a copper facing in cleaning by passivation.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Heating temperature that described carbon fiber removes glue is 300---400 degree, and heat-up time 5---10min, alkaline degreasing is the NaOH solution of 10%, and temperature is 40---50 degree.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described copper facing comprises copper sulfate 30---40g/L, saltpetre 60---80g/L, the temperature of solution is 45---55 degree, PH is 9.0---9.5, each electroplating time is 60---80s, and electric current is 0.4---0.6A.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106498456A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏梦得新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of carbon fiber surface copper-plating technique |
| CN107488819A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-19 | 无锡市永兴金属软管有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
| CN111499338A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-07 | 江苏优格曼航空科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite material blade for high-specific-strength ventilator |
| CN115595635A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学（Cn） | Preparation method of reticular carbon fiber sawtooth composite carbon fiber-aluminum-copper composite electrode |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107488819A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-19 | 无锡市永兴金属软管有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
| CN111499338A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-07 | 江苏优格曼航空科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite material blade for high-specific-strength ventilator |
| CN115595635A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学（Cn） | Preparation method of reticular carbon fiber sawtooth composite carbon fiber-aluminum-copper composite electrode |
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Application publication date: 20160120 |