CN105245115B - Prevent the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge - Google Patents
Prevent the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to transformation of electrical energy technical field, and in particular to a kind of fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter for preventing active recharge.Comprise the following steps：Calculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin；With umaxAnd uminAs the upper bound and lower bound pair preparation residual voltage u0,inCarry out dynamic slice, generation zero-sequence component u0；According to three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, ucnWith zero-sequence component u0Obtain final modulation wave signal uag, ubg, ucg, final modulation wave signal is normalized and phase-shifting PWM is modulated, generates the switching signal of each power cell." residual voltage shaping " is implemented by feedback control, the fundametal compoment in residual voltage is greatly reduced, restrained effectively active recharge.Simultaneously, set bound and dynamic slice is carried out to residual voltage, so that residual voltage is always limited in suitable scope in whole reforming process, even if command voltage amplitude is increased to the maximum that frequency converter can export, also ovennodulation will not occur, ensure that the maximization of output voltage in linear modulation area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transformation of electrical energy technical field, and in particular to a kind of fault-tolerant tune of high voltage converter for preventing active recharge
Method processed.
Background technology
High-power variable-frequency control technique is significant for saving the energy.Cascade H bridge inverter is high voltage variable
The main flow topology of frequency device.It has the advantages that device used is few when small output harmonic wave, output same level number, fault-tolerant ability is strong.
Because cascaded H-bridges inverter power unit number is more, it may occur however that the probability of failure is also very big, therefore its reliability turns into
The focus much studied.On the other hand, after one or several power cell failures, these trouble units can be by double
It can be continued to run with to IGCT or bypass contactor short circuit, Cascade H bridge inverter by remaining normal cell.
After trouble unit isolation, the power cell number of the remaining normal work of three-phase is different, therefore three-phase each can be real
Existing maximum output voltage is also different.If modulated signal is not adjusted accordingly, then three-phase output line voltage may go out
It is now serious asymmetric.In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to take corresponding fault-tolerant processing measure.Cascade H bridge inverter it is fault-tolerant
Treatment technology can substantially be divided into following five class：
(1) redundant power cells are increased：
It is a kind of hardware fault-tolerant method to increase redundant power cells.N number of unit necessary to every phase during except normal operation
Outside, this method is needed per mutually one redundancy unit of extra increase.It is bypassed after some power cell failure, it is remaining single
Member remains able to export voltage required during normal operation.But this method obviously increases hardware cost.It is extra increased
Redundant power cells and its attached various devices add the probability to break down, are unfavorable for carrying for device reliability on the contrary
It is high.
(2) remaining unit DC voltage is lifted：
After the trouble unit of a certain phase is bypassed, the DC voltage of this phase remaining element can be lifted, so that three-phase
Unit DC voltage sum is equal.This method can make inverter still keep normal voltage output ability in failure,
But being suitable only for DC voltage can be with controlled device, such as STATCOM or the cascaded H-bridges with front end PWM rectifier
Inverter.And this method requires that the voltage that is born during the voltage ratio normal operation that device can be born is much higher, therefore equally
Cost can be increased.
(3) power cell at the same level is bypassed：
This method is in power cell failure, in addition to bypassing the unit that these break down, also to bypass it
Some normal cells of his unit, to ensure that inverter respectively mutually has identical residue unit number.Because this method bypasses
Excessive normal unit, the exportable maximum voltage of inverter can be greatly reduced, and especially be concentrated in most of trouble units
When appearing in same phase.This means volume operation will significantly drop in frequency converter.
(4) Redundanter schalter status techniques
It is used in space vector modulation more.The on off state of cascaded multilevel inverter is too many so that this fault-tolerance approach
It is excessively complicated.
(5) residual voltage is injected
This is a kind of method more practical at present.This method is made by injecting zero-sequence component to three-phase command voltage
Frequency converter can still export the line voltage of balance in the case where three-phase converter module number is unequal, and expand linear modulation
Scope.According to the difference of injection residual voltage, this kind of method is divided into many groups again.It is earliest based on injection residual voltage
The neutral point drifting technology that method sieve guest Kanggong department proposes.Neutral point drifting technology only bypasses the unit to break down, passes through tune
The amplitude and phase of inversion device three-phase voltage make three-phase line voltage remain in that equilibrium, and its essence is injection fundamental wave zero sequence electricity
Pressure.Neutral point drifting technology can realize the output voltage higher than bypass technology at the same level.But neutral point drifting technical requirements
Inverter three-phase phase voltage amplitude is directly proportional to the power cell number of each phase.Limited by this requirement, this method can not
Fully improve the voltage output ability of inverter, and also some are complicated for phase calculation.Another improved neutral point drifting skill
Art uses the method for closed loop feedback to add residual voltage no longer using the method for changing Sine Modulated wave phase, fully carries
High exportable voltage (situation about except single-phase unit being entirely bypassed) of the inverter under various fault types, but closed-loop control
Add the complexity of method.Many documents proposed the method that relatively simple open loop calculates that employs later.
But the above method can all face the problem of common when bringing onto load is run：The zero-sequence fundamental voltage of injection can be with
Output current reciprocation is so as to producing negative active power.This possible a certain phase or two-phase are possible to absorb wattful power
Rate.Can be with the Cascade H bridge inverter of bi-directional for energy, can be by active power feedback telegram in reply net.But in practical application
Many Cascade H bridge inverters have topological as Fig. 1.These topologys provide DC voltage using diode rectifier bridge,
They can not wire back power back off net.It is unacceptable that active power recharge to DC side can cause DC voltage to rise to
Degree is so as to damaging device.Moreover, the power-factor of load is lower, the easier recharge of active power.This serious threat is to cascaded H-bridges
The safe operation of high voltage converter.
Active recharge is derived from the injection of residual voltage, so preventing active recharge from needing to control residual voltage in itself
System.Used using the method for residual voltage control three-phase power assignment in many occasions, such as STATCOM voltage is equal
Weighing apparatus strategy, SOC balance strategy of cascaded H-bridges energy-storage system of accumulator etc..But these methods do not account for fault-tolerant operation
Requirement to residual voltage.Under the conditions of fault-tolerant operation, the purpose for injecting residual voltage is not only to distribute three phases active power, also
Extend exportable voltage range.
Therefore, modulator approach during fault-tolerant operation should while ensureing that frequency converter has maximum output voltage ability,
Avoid injecting the active recharge caused by residual voltage again.This is the emphasis and difficult point of fault-tolerant operation modulator approach.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides one kind to ensure that frequency converter has maximum output voltage simultaneously
Ability, and prevent the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge.
The technical scheme is that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1)：Calculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin；
Step 2)：With umaxAnd uminAs the upper bound and lower bound pair preparation residual voltage u0,inCarry out dynamic slice, generation zero
Order components u0；
Step 3)：According to three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, ucnWith zero-sequence component u0Obtain final modulation wave signal uag,
ubg, ucg, final modulation wave signal is normalized and phase-shifting PWM is modulated, generates the switching signal of each power cell.
Further, the calculating process of the step 1) is：
Utilize formulaTo the DC voltage of A phase, B phase, C phase
Udca, Udcb, UdccSymmetrization processing is carried out, obtains the DC voltage U of symmetrizationdca,sym, Udcb,symAnd Udcc,sym, the formula
In k represent a, b or c；
Utilize formulaCalculate the coboundary c of residual voltage split-phasekWith
Lower boundary c'k；
Utilize formulaCalculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin。
Further, also include in the step 2) to zero-sequence component u0The processing of middle fundametal compoment, its process are：
According to the command voltage value u of three-phase dc side voltage minimum phasekn,dcminWith command voltage amplitude Um,phaseRatio
Calculate reverse unit cosine cos θ0；
By zero-sequence component u0With unit cosine cos θ0Calculated through Fourier space, draw zero-sequence component u0Fundamental voltage amplitude
U0m1, by fundamental voltage amplitude U0m1The normalization residual voltage fundamental voltage amplitude that normalized obtainsWith being controlled after 0 work difference by PI
Device processing processed, output gain k0；
Utilize gain k0To the command voltage value u of DC voltage minimum phasekn,dcminFundametal compoment minimum processing is carried out,
Obtain the low preparation residual voltage u of fundametal compoment content0,in。
Further, the modulation wave signal u in the step 3)ag, ubg, ucgRespectively three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, and
ucnZero-sequence component u0Sum.
Further, in addition to step 4)：Adjust triangular carrier phase difference.
Further, the phase shifting angle of step 4) the intermediate cam carrier phase difference is respectively：π/NA, π/NB, π/NC, wherein
NA, NB, NCRespectively three-phase residue unit number.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Relative to other fault-tolerance processing methods, this method has advantages below：
A. relative to the fault-tolerance processing method using redundant power cells, the remaining unit DC voltage of lifting, without increasing
Add power cell or use pressure-resistant higher switching device.
B. relative to bypass technology at the same level, this method can make full use of all remaining power cells, so as to realize more
High frequency converter output voltage.
C. calculate simple relative to the fault-tolerance processing method using Redundanter schalter state, this method, it is easy to accomplish, it is applied to
PWM structure based on carrier wave.
D. in terms of voltage output ability, what frequency converter that this method can be realized in linear modulator zone can export
Limiting Level.Original neutral drift technology can not realize this point.
Although e. for voltage output ability, some improved neutral point drifting technologies are suitable with this method.But same
Under the fault condition of sample, the fundamental wave content in the residual voltage injected by this method is more than the fundamental wave zero that conventional method is injected
Order components are small, therefore can make the lower load of transducer drive power factor without active recharge occurs.This means this
Invention expands the power-factor of load scope of frequency converter permission.
In summary, the present invention implements " residual voltage shaping " by feedback control, by the fundametal compoment in residual voltage
It is greatly reduced, restrained effectively active recharge caused by fundametal compoment in residual voltage.Meanwhile bound is set to zero sequence electricity
It is pressed into Mobile state amplitude limit so that residual voltage is always limited in suitable scope in whole reforming process.Even if instruction electricity
Pressure amplitude value is increased to the maximum that frequency converter can export, and ovennodulation will not also occur, and ensure that and electricity is exported in linear modulation area
The maximization of pressure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of Cascade H bridge inverter of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is DC voltage symmetrization computing schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 be DC voltage minimum phase command voltage and with its anti-phase unit cos operation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that residual voltage generates schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that modulation wave signal generation modulates schematic diagram with phase-shifting PWM；
Embodiment
Below by taking the cascaded H-bridges high voltage converter connected shown in Fig. 1 per 5 units of phase as an example, to proposed by the invention
The principle and actual implementation for preventing the fault-tolerant modulator approach of cascaded H-bridges high voltage converter of active recharge illustrate.
First, it is assumed that there occurs failure, frequency converter to send order to it for B1, B2, C1, C2, C3 this 5 units, pass through it
Bypass relay they are bypassed.Now, this 5 units of the remaining A1-A5 of A phases, B phases tri- units of remaining B3, B4, B5,
C phases two units of remaining C4, C5.
While trouble unit is bypassed on hardware, also modulating wave and carrier wave are adjusted respectively on software.Modulation
The adjustment process of ripple comprises the following steps：
Step 1)：Calculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin.Process is as shown in Fig. 2 U in Fig. 2dca, Udcb, Udcc
The DC side electricity of the DC voltage sum for the power cell that respectively A phase, B phase, C phase is not bypassed, i.e. A phase, B phase, C phase
Pressure.For the present embodiment, A phases have 5 units not to be bypassed, so UdcaIt is 5 power cell DC voltage sums of A phases；B
Mutually there are tri- units of B3, B4, B5 not to be bypassed, so UdcbFor these three power cell sums；C phases have two units of C4 and C5
It is not bypassed, so UdccFor the two power cell sums.If Udca, Udcb, UdccMiddle maximum, median, minimum value difference
For Udca, Udcb, Udcc, to the DC voltage U of A phase, B phase, C phasedca, Udcb, UdccSymmetrization processing is carried out, obtains symmetrization
DC voltage Udca,sym, Udcb,symAnd Udcc,sym, its calculating process is as follows：
K represents a, b or c in formula.By such calculating,
Udca, Udcb, UdccIn maximum be replaced into median, the coboundary c of residual voltage split-phase can be calculated by following formulak
With lower boundary c'k：
The upper bound u of residual voltage is finally calculated according to following formulamax
With lower bound umin：
It can prove, as long as residual voltage is in section [umin,umax] within, ovennodulation would not occur.And instructing
Voltage magnitudeWhen, there must be umax≥umin.Therefore, as long as limitation residual voltage
In section [umin,umax], it becomes possible to reach the exportable phase voltage amplitude of frequency converter by linear modulationThis is the highest level for the output voltage that can be realized by linear modulation at present.
Step 2)：With umaxAnd uminAs the upper bound and lower bound pair preparation residual voltage u0,inCarry out dynamic slice, generation zero
Order components u0, dynamic slice is before to zero-sequence component u0Middle fundametal compoment is handled, the low preparation zero sequence electricity of generation fundametal compoment
Press u0,in.Its detailed process is as follows：
As shown in figure 3, the command voltage value of selection DC voltage minimum phase, and calculate its anti-phase unit cosine.Its
Middle uan, ubn, and ucnRespectively three-phase command voltage, their usual mutual 120 ° of mutual deviations, amplitude is Um,phase.It is corresponding
This example, C phases only have two units, therefore UdccThe minimum value of three-phase dc side voltage, and C phases be then DC voltage most
Small phase, C phase command voltages are the command voltage value u of DC voltage minimum phasekn,dcmin.The instruction of DC voltage minimum phase
Magnitude of voltage ukn,dcminWith command voltage amplitude Um,phaseRatio negative value be and ukn,dcminAnti-phase unit cosine cos θ0。
As shown in figure 4, by zero-sequence component u0With unit cosine cos θ0Calculated through Fourier space, draw zero-sequence component u0's
Fundamental voltage amplitude U0m1, by fundamental voltage amplitude U0m1Divided by command voltage amplitude Um,phaseObtain normalizing residual voltage fundamental voltage amplitudeResidual voltage fundamental voltage amplitude will be normalizedWith being handled after 0 work difference by PI controllers, output gain k0.Will be controlled
Gain k0With the command voltage value u of the DC voltage minimum phase generated in Fig. 2kn,dcminIt is multiplied, according to ukn,dcminBig ditty
Save controlled gain k0, minimum processing is carried out to fundametal compoment, obtains the low preparation residual voltage u of fundametal compoment content0,in.With
umaxAnd uminAs the upper bound and lower bound pair preparation residual voltage u0,inCarrying out dynamic slice, you can generation fundametal compoment content is low,
And it is limited in the zero-sequence component u in OK range0。
In above process, dynamic slice link ensures zero-sequence component u0All the time it is limited in a rational scope,
Even if command voltage amplitude Um,phaseReachAlso ovennodulation will not occur, it is achieved thereby that defeated
Go out the maximization of voltage；Feedback mechanism using PI controllers as core, can be in zero-sequence component u0When middle fundamental wave content is more than 0,
Automatically adjust gain k0Size, make u0In fundamental wave content level off to 0, it is achieved thereby that u0The minimum of middle fundamental wave content.
Step 3)：According to three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, ucnWith zero-sequence component u0Obtain final modulation wave signal uag,
ubg, ucg, final modulation wave signal is normalized and phase-shifting PWM is modulated, generates the switching signal of each power cell.
As shown in figure 5, uag, ubg, ucgFor the three-phase inverter phase voltage of desired output, i.e. modulation wave signal, they are respectively that three-phase refers to
Make voltage uan, ubn, and ucnZero-sequence component u0Sum.By modulation wave signal uag, ubg, ucgDivided by the respective DC voltage of three-phase
Udca, Udcb, UdccIt can obtain their normalization modulation wave signals relative to respective DC voltage
Normalize modulation wave signalThe switching signal of each power cell can be produced by phase-shifting PWM modulation again.
The switching device of each power cell implements switch motion under the driving of these switching signals, exports corresponding PWM voltages, most
Make the three-phase inverter phase voltage u that whole frequency converter output voltage is desired output eventuallyag, ubg, ucg。
Step 4)：Adjust triangular carrier phase difference.While modulating wave is adjusted, phase-shifting PWM link withThe triangular carrier compared will also adjust.In normal operation, each power cell triangular carrier phase difference of pi/N (N
It is 5), so that equivalent switching frequency is 2Nfs here for every phase power cell number (fs is switching frequency).When certain is mutually active
When rate unit is bypassed, dump power unit number is less than N.Now, to reduce harmonic wave, each unit triangular carrier phase difference will be accordingly
Adjustment.If three-phase residue unit number is respectively NA, NB, NC, then the phase shifting angle between three-phase each unit should be adjusted to π/N respectivelyA,
π/NB, π/NC。
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, it is noted that any those skilled in the art exist
Disclosed herein technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, should all cover protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter for preventing active recharge, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1)：Calculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin；
Step 2)：With umaxAnd uminAs the upper bound and lower bound pair preparation residual voltage u0,inDynamic slice is carried out, generates zero-sequence component
u0；
Step 3)：According to three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, ucnWith zero-sequence component u0Obtain final modulation wave signal uag, ubg, ucg,
Final modulation wave signal is normalized and phase-shifting PWM is modulated, generates the switching signal of each power cell；
The calculating process of the step 1) is：
Utilize formulaTo the DC voltage U of A phase, B phase, C phasedca, Udcb,
UdccSymmetrization processing is carried out, obtains the DC voltage U of symmetrizationdca,sym, Udcb,symAnd Udcc,sym, the k generations in the formula
Table a, b or c；
Utilize formulaCalculate the coboundary c of residual voltage split-phasekAnd lower boundary
c'k；
Utilize formulaCalculate the upper bound u of residual voltagemaxWith lower bound umin；
Wherein, Udc,midAnd Udc,maxRespectively Udca, Udcb, UdccIn median and maximum；
ukn(t) three-phase command voltage u is representedan, ubn、ucnFunction on time t；
umax(t) upper bound u of residual voltage is representedmaxOn time t function, umin(t) the lower bound u of residual voltage is representedminClose
In time t function.
2. the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
2) also include in zero-sequence component u0The processing of middle fundametal compoment, its process are：
According to the command voltage value u of three-phase dc side voltage minimum phasekn,dcminWith command voltage amplitude Um,phaseRatio calculation
Reverse unit cosine cos θ0；
By zero-sequence component u0With reverse unit cosine cos θ0Calculated through Fourier space, draw zero-sequence component u0Fundamental voltage amplitude
U0m1, by fundamental voltage amplitude U0m1The normalization residual voltage fundamental voltage amplitude that normalized obtainsWith being controlled after 0 work difference by PI
Device processing processed, output gain k0；
Utilize gain k0To the command voltage value u of DC voltage minimum phasekn,dcminFundametal compoment minimum processing is carried out, is obtained
The low preparation residual voltage u of fundametal compoment content0,in。
3. the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
3) the modulation wave signal u inag, ubg, ucgRespectively three-phase command voltage uan, ubn, ucnWith zero-sequence component u0Sum.
4. the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge is prevented as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include step
It is rapid 4)：Adjust triangular carrier phase difference.
5. the fault-tolerant modulator approach of high voltage converter of active recharge is prevented as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the step
4) phase shifting angle of intermediate cam carrier phase difference is respectively：π/NA, π/NB, π/NC, wherein NA, NB, NCRespectively three-phase residue unit
Number.
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