CN105243682A - Limb element model, role and two-dimensional animation production method - Google Patents
Limb element model, role and two-dimensional animation production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105243682A CN105243682A CN201510626807.0A CN201510626807A CN105243682A CN 105243682 A CN105243682 A CN 105243682A CN 201510626807 A CN201510626807 A CN 201510626807A CN 105243682 A CN105243682 A CN 105243682A
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Abstract
The invention provides a two-dimensional animation production method. The method comprises the following steps of: drawing a plurality of limb element models of each limb element; selecting suitable limb element models and combining the models into a role; selecting limb presentation of each limb element according to posture requirements of the role, and placing the body presentation of each limb element at a corresponding time point; and generating body presentation of each limb element between any two adjacent role postures through ordered changes to complete continuous changes of role postures, and performing animation demonstration through a playhead. The invention further discloses the limb element model and the role. According to the method, a small number of limb element models and internal states of the limb element models are designed, the limb element models and the internal states of the element models are selected to form the role postures at the time points, and continuity processing is performed on the role postures, so that animation production is implemented; and the design is simple, the workload is greatly reduced, and requirements for designers and computer configurations are not high, thereby facilitating popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to two-dimension cartoon making technical field, particularly a kind of method of limb member model, role and two-dimension cartoon making.
Background technology
So-called animation, just refers to by a series of that have slight change, static picture with certain speed Continuous Play, the illusion of a kind of picture dynamic change produced because of naked eyes persistence of vision effect.The process of existing cartoon making is that computer technology combines with traditional animation manufacturing technology substantially, computer technology is applied in the Making programme of animation, the computer technology be intended to by advanced person frees people from the animation process of lengthy and tedious complexity, reduce the input of manpower and materials to greatest extent, shorten the cartoon making time to improve make efficiency, thus reach the object reducing cost of manufacture.
Existing computer animation roughly comprises: animation between three-dimensional animation, skeleton cartoon, paint animation, element animation and benefit.Wherein:
Three-dimensional animation is the most typical with Maya software, it first sets up a virtual world in a computer, designer in the three-dimensional world that this is virtual according to the geomery Modling model of the object that will show and scene, the movement locus of setting model as requested again, the motion of virtual camera and other animation parameters, last on request for upper specific material composed by model, and stamp light, play up after everything completes and generate last picture, due to its accuracy, authenticity and unlimited operability, three-dimensional animation production is able to application in a big way, but this animation method is first high to the configuration requirement of computing machine, and the design level of designer also will reach very high level, thus cause popularizing.
Skeleton cartoon with Spine software for representative, it sets up the skeleton structure having " bone " that be connected to each other and form, by change bone towards coming for model generation animation with position, therefore, skeleton cartoon is monomorphism structure, there is no polymorphic middle transition, and the change of multi-angle can not be completed, be difficult to give visual impact.
Paint animation with Animo software for representative, first it draw the string diagram of cartoon role, then undertaken carrying out look appointment in scanning recognition to computing machine by high speed scanner to string diagram, finally again to the image colouring after scanning, its process is complicated, and workload is very big.
Element animation is the most typical surely belongs to flash animation soft, and it realizes animation process by building the motion of element, and cost is low, but its element internal can not consecutive variations, can only be poor by smart option change picture continuity, affects visual effect.
Between benefit, animation take CACAni as representative, it generates the intermediate frame of vector quantization by arranging key frame, thus formation animation process, its design is comparatively simple, but the intermediate frame of vector quantization is in generative process, be all not that ordering is formed, some intermediate frame does not also meet the visual custom of human eye, affects visual effect.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of limb member model, it generates the change shape of limb member model by the mode of external morphology namely by changing in order of design lesser amt, thus form the external morphology set of this limb member model, its simplicity of design, workload reduces greatly, all not high to the requirement of designer and allocation of computer, is beneficial to popularization.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
A kind of limb member model, described limb member model exists with the form of limb member, limb member model is made up of several external morphologies, by change conversion mutually in order between any two external morphologies, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model.
Described external morphology is the figure of limb member on each time point, and described figure is formed by stacking by multilayer color lump and sub-element, every layer has and only has a color lump or sub-element.
Between any two external morphologies, the orderly change of conversion mutually meets the following conditions:
Between these two external morphologies and the change shape of the two, equivalent layer is color lump or sub-element;
If described equivalent layer is color lump, then the node total number of the color lump in equivalent layer is all identical, and one_to_one corresponding between node.
Described limb member model at least comprises head model, upper limbs model, lower limb model and human trunk model;
The external morphology of described head model also comprises several expression unit, and each expression unit comprises front form and the side form of head; The figure of head model is divided into eye control part and mouth control part, and in the figure of head model, the color lump of each layer and sub-element all clearly will belong to eye control part or mouth control part;
The external morphology of described upper limbs model comprises several and is rotated the figure formed by forearm around ancon, and forearm completes 0-360 ° of rotation around ancon and constitutes the complete external morphology of this upper limbs model;
The external morphology of described lower limb model comprises several and is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy by calf circumference and rotate the figure formed, and calf circumference is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy and put 0-360 ° of rotation and constitute the complete external morphology of this lower limb model;
The external morphology of described human trunk model comprises the figure that trunk longitudinal stretching and compression are formed, and trunk turns to dextrad from left-hand, trunk turns left 0-90 ° and trunk turns right 0-90 ° and constitute the complete external morphology of this human trunk model.
For upper limbs model, the external morphology of upper limbs model comprises several and is rotated the figure formed by forearm around ancon, here figure refers to the basic external morphology of the upper limbs model of design in advance, such as, upper limbs model comprises the angle formed between its forearm and ancon and is 0 ° respectively, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, the basic external morphologies such as 180 ° and 270 °, can be changed by the mode of change in order between any two of these basic external morphologies, the change shape that arbitrarily change is formed in order therebetween realizes forearm and completes rotation in Partial angle around ancon together with these basic external morphologies, namely the set of the rotation in multiple continuous print Partial angle constitutes the complete external morphology of this upper limbs model (complete external morphology comprises basic external morphology and change shape).Such as, 0 °, upper limbs model and 45 ° of basic external morphologies are by changing the rotation that can realize 0-45 °, upper limbs model in order, form the external morphology within the scope of 0-45 °, this upper limbs model, between other angles, change is similar with it in order, thus formation upper limbs model forearm is around the rotation of ancon 0-360 °.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of role, its attitude presents and presents formation by multiple limbs, the design of role can be completed by the external morphology selecting different limbs to present corresponding limb member model, its simplicity of design, workload reduces greatly, all not high to the requirement of designer and allocation of computer, be beneficial to popularization.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
A kind of role, described role is made up of several limb member, role presents to be presented by the limbs of these several limb member in the attitude of certain time point and forms, described limbs are rendered as each limb member at the outer trace of this time point and external morphology, the outer trace of described limb member is each limb member in corresponding coordinate, size and the angle of this time point, by change conversion mutually in order between the external morphology of each time point of described limb member.
The external morphology of described each limb member is chosen from the external morphology (comprising basic external morphology and change shape) the limb member model of its correspondence, change conversion mutually by orderly between any two external morphologies (being the basic external morphology of the limb member model of design in advance) in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model.
The method chosen from the external morphology the limb member model of its correspondence from the external morphology of each limb member is: if the external morphology will choosing limb member is the basic external morphology of limb member model, then directly choose this basic external morphology, otherwise, the external morphology choosing limb member is when not belong in basic external morphology a kind of, then choose in the multiple change shapes generated by the orderly variation pattern of two basic external morphologies.
Such as to choose the internal state of upper limbs element, then first find out the upper limbs model corresponding with this upper limbs element, suppose that this upper limbs model comprises the angle formed between its forearm and ancon and is 0 ° respectively, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, the basic external morphologies such as 180 ° and 270 °, if and the external morphology will choosing upper limbs element is forearm and hand when being the external morphology of 45 °, then directly to choose from the basic external morphology of upper limbs model, if the external morphology choosing upper limbs element is forearm and hand when being the external morphology of 70 °, so just need the basic external morphology first choosing 45 °, upper limbs model and 90 °, again the basic external morphology of these 45 ° and 90 ° is carried out change formation change shape therebetween in order, last forearm and the hand of finding in these change shapes is the internal state of change shape as the upper limbs element that will choose of 70 ° (or close to 70 °).
The limbs of each limb member on any two time points present by changing mutual conversion in order, and the two intermediate change limbs presents to be changed by the track linear change of each limb member and external morphology and forms.
Limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and external morphology change all have multilayer color lump and sub-element superposition to be formed, every layer has and only has a color lump or sub-element, the limbs of described each limb member on any two time points present by changing conversion mutually in order satisfied:
Between limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and the external morphology of the two change, equivalent layer is color lump or sub-element;
If described equivalent layer is color lump, then the node total number of the color lump in equivalent layer is all identical, and one_to_one corresponding between node.
The present invention also provides a kind of two-dimension cartoon making method, it is by the design limb member model of lesser amt and (substantially) internal state of each limb member model, and the internal state choosing limb member model and limb member model forms the character pose of each time point, carry out continuously to these character pose again, thus realizing the making of animation, its simplicity of design, workload reduces greatly, all not high to the requirement of designer and allocation of computer, be beneficial to popularization.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
A kind of two-dimension cartoon making method, it comprises the following steps:
Draw multiple limb member models of each limb member, each limb member model has again multiple external morphology, change by change is mutual in order between any two external morphologies in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model;
Select suitable limb member model, be combined to form role;
According to character pose requirement, the limbs choosing each limb member present, and the limbs of each limb member are presented on corresponding time point put, and described character pose comprises the expression of role and attitude presents;
Presented by the limbs changing each limb member generated between any two adjacent angular look postures in order, complete the consecutive variations of character pose, carry out flash demo by playback head.
Described character pose requires to express one's feelings realization by putting role framework and mark role in different time points, and wherein, the limbs of each limb member that the role framework that each time point is put is put with this time point present corresponding.
In the present invention, the data of animation process or flow process have distinct hierarchical structure, by limbs model element → role → role's attitude, illustrate: the limb member of composition role A has limb member B, C, D and E, and suppose limb member B, C, (limb member B is by limb member Model B 1 by several limb member models for D and E, B2, B3 .... composition), meanwhile, each limb member model is made up of multiple external morphology again (supposes that limb member Model B 1 is by external morphology B11, B12, B13 forms), so, for role A, it is by various ways, ensure that the variation of role, such as limb member Model B 1, C1, D1 and E1 constitutes role A1, limb member Model B 2, C1, D1 and E1 constitutes role A2 ..., and can be variation in the attitude of certain time point role, such as, present for A11 for the attitude of role A1, it can be the external morphology B11 of limb member Model B 1, the external morphology C11 of limb member MODEL C 1, the external morphology D11 of limb member model D1, the external morphology E11 of limb member model E 1, add the outer trace of these limb member and role to express one's feelings composition simultaneously, and we are when designing, namely the several basic external morphology only needing to make the limb member model of each limb member and each limb member model is combined to form different roles and role's attitude presents by different.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1, high efficiency
Outstanding advantage of the present invention is high cartoon making efficiency, because any one role's picture is all generated by presenting of limb member, so do not need manually to draw any picture.For the production method that current 2D animation circle is popular, the workload that skilled worker's animation teacher draws role is the 40/day for human beings, approximately can make the role animation of 2 seconds, this method is adopted only to need the posture being well placed each time point, computing machine can generate picture automatically, roughly can make role animation 2 minutes every day.
2, simplification
As mentioned above, character pose put the core becoming action making work, put the mark put and express one's feelings that character pose comprises body posture, the outstanding feature of these two work is directly perceived, clear and definite, avoid the Freehandhand-drawing infrastructure and experiences required for traditional approach, it also avoid software knowledge and the concept of the large amount of complex of 3D computer animation GPRS.Briefly, simple as speak as animation.
3, the advantage of multi-level combination
From the above, the present invention mainly comprises 3 steps (or being 3 levels of data structure), and the drafting of limbs model, the combination of role are built, the generation of action animation.These three steps the former be the basis of the latter, can separate, work be separated again.This means that making cartoon only needs a good art designing to draw limb member, a high-caliber art designing in other words, can copy all producers is in the present invention all high-caliber art designing.The animation producing work of remaining most work amount does not need art designing or has the professional person of art accomplishment, animation producing personnel or title Performance Animation personage only need to set suitable posture at reasonable time point, the work of role's performance can be absorbed in like this, better can hold the rhythm of action, exaggeration, expression.And the common fault of action, the lively not fine and smooth current domestic animation exactly of expression.
In the present invention, the work of Freehandhand-drawing is uniquely needed to be the drafting of limbs model, namely under the requirement of three principles, draw the multiple inner representative configuration of limbs, efficiency is drawn in this Freehandhand-drawing under being operated in the help of special computer-aided tool very high, remains a ring relatively loaded down with trivial details in three steps.But the workload effectively can saving this step reused by limbs model.As the limbs model utilized before can using in building in the combination of a character, by selecting different arms, leg, human trunk model and different relative scales, changed colour by specific purpose tool and make role's one integrated mass, each role has the distinct bodily form and image.
Equally, although each role is different, but the form of the data parameters of record posture is unified, so the action of a role can be transplanted on another role, so the present invention comprises some action models (do not make claim, conventional action model is by walking, running, jump, look smug or conceited), the segment table of role drills the result that some action models are often combined.While so effective saving workload, can by best most elaboration Reusability.
Can be abstract say, in the process of limb member, each step is all a kind of combination collocation such as role builds, attitude is put, and the matched combined of different levels constitutes the unlimited possibility of virtual world.
4, the animate of actual situation combination
In the 3D animation that investment is not high, the character occurred often has the sensation of rubber doll, this is main because details is not in place, 3D animation can be described as an analogue system, desirable 3D animation needs all details simulating real world, as texture, each wrinkle, creasing etc. of every root hair, different parts skin, obvious workload is astronomical figure.And in the present invention, animation producing can be described as a matching process, its basic expressions unit is color lump, and color lump in other words lines often can play, shirk the heavy work and choose the light vividly succinct effect real with empty generation.Such as, an in disorder hair does not need to draw every root hair, only needs to add several pieces of deep mixed color lumps within the scope of hair style color lump, then adds several sharp keen color lumps at bang temples place, can complete this image.Therefore be in the present invention of basic expressions form with color lump, enjoyable lines or color lump can be adopted to replace realistic complexity loaded down with trivial details.Accomplish this point, true and the lucid and lively of 2D of the innervation of 3D vividly can effectively combine.
5, effectively the overcoming of shortcoming of limbs combination
Because role is combined by each limb member, have the sensation of machinery unavoidably, each limbs are combined in all sensations often lacking a kind of total tune, briefly, some resembles robot, overcomes this shortcoming, is that each limbs are connected part and want flexible change.Such as, a role lifts arm, has the protuberance of the triceps muscle of arm, because in the present invention, the change of color lump is controlled, therefore, after choosing the respective inner form matching limbs model, the color lump form of adjustment junction, effectively can overcome the sensation of robot.From actual effect of the present invention, the sensation of total tune is equal to pure Freehandhand-drawing completely.
6, the great potential in internet, applications
As everyone knows, internet is changing the life mode of production of human society, based on the cartoon making mode of the multi-level combination of limb member, has suited that internet is shared, succinct feature.Just think, a people without any art activities, as long as choose suitable limb member, form a role, even do not need to choose limb member, can directly choose one or several role, him just can be allowed () to perform one section of story, express one section of emotion, perhaps cartoon making can become writes the equally simple popular daily behavior of blog.Meanwhile, limb member makes, role combinations is arranged in pairs or groups, stage property setting work, due to its simplification, has the participation of numerous user, magnanimity model will be provided available.Optimistic says, the present invention likely becomes the ecologic environment on an internet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of two-dimension cartoon making method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the change procedure figure of limb member model;
Fig. 3 is the procedure chart that square converts rectangle to;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of color lump;
Fig. 5 is the mathematical model figure that color lump changes in order;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram in kind of two-dimension cartoon making method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, content of the present invention is described in further details.
For convenience of description, following explanation is done in the following noun occurred in the present invention, set forth in detail and clearly better to do protection scope of the present invention.
Element: one of elementary cell in animation software, it deposits one or several figures or pattern, can be placed on any point of two dimensional surface, and scalable, mobile, rotation, namely it has the attributes such as coordinate, size, angle.Its inside sometimes countershaft and multiple layer two dimensions is formed.Each layer can be drawn color lump or place sub-element, and the color lump of each layer and sub-element superpose formation figure or pattern.On time shaft, each point is referred to as frame or time point, and the figure of different time points or pattern can be different.The element be placed on two dimensional surface has playback head, determine element demonstrate inner sometime on figure.
Sub-element: certain layer of an element A inside can place another element B, then B is the sub-element of A, such as role's element is made up of multiple limb member, then limb member is called the sub-element of role's element, right arm element is as a limb member, suppose that it is made up of right upper arm sub-element, right forearm sub-element and right hand sub-element, so right upper arm sub-element, right forearm sub-element and right hand sub-element are the sub-element of this right arm element, and in claim of the present invention, sub-element refers in particular to certain limb member or sub-element corresponding to limb member model.
Color lump a: closed curve (outline line) and inner filling formation color lump thereof, closed curve is made up of some nodes, and the line segment between node is straight line or Bezier.If a color lump removes, outline line is only surplus fills, and is still color lump.
Outer trace a: element is placed on (i.e. component instance) on two dimensional surface, and its coordinate, size, angle are referred to as outer trace.
External morphology: element internal, the change that the figure that each layer color lump and sub-element are formed by stacking is put in time and changing, the figure on each time point is referred to as external morphology.When an element is positioned over two dimensional surface, its playback head can be controlled, present different external morphologies, in the present invention, refer in particular to the external morphology of limb member or the external morphology of limb member model.
Role: the main body of Performance Animation.In the present invention, can be animal or the object of a people or class people, it has action, expression, has performance function.Role exists with role's element versions, and be made up of several limb member, different time points has different postures, the posture on each time point forms an action.
Limbs: the inner sub-element of role's element.Limb member is divided into head, trunk, left arm, right arm, left leg, right leg 6 kinds of limb member, and 6 kinds of limb member form complete role's element.
Posture: posture refers in particular to expression and the body posture of role in the present invention.Role is at point sometime, and the difference of the different and external morphology of the outer trace due to each limb member, constitutes different postures.Being noted that the expression of head especially or turning to difference and other are identical, is also different postures.
Limb member model, exist with limb member form, each limb member can by multiple limb member model, there are several basic external morphologies the inside of each limb member model, orderly change between any two basic external morphologies forms the change shape of these two basic external morphologies, and change shape forms the complete external morphology of this limb member model together with basic external morphology.
Orderly change a: when color lump is another kind of shape by a kind of change of shape, its change procedure must meet people's visual custom in daily life, can obviously judge the rotation of color lump, stretching, compression, bending, recessed aobvious, protruding, amplify, reduce change.As a square is changing into rectangle, should be a drawing process, and can not be become circular by square, become rectangle.
Present: an element is positioned over two dimensional surface, and what spectators saw is presenting of an element.It is presented by attitude and presents two kinds with limbs, limbs present and are made up of the outer trace of limb member and external morphology two aspect, attitude presents the attitude of refering in particular to role and presents, attitude presents to be presented by the limbs of each limb member forming role and forms, attitude presents to express one's feelings with role and together form the posture of role, and attitude presents or the change of role's expression all can cause the change of character pose.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of method for making of 2 D animation, it comprises the following steps:
One, multiple limb member models of each limb member of composition role are drawn.
Limb member model exists with limb member form, each limb member of composition role (i.e. role's element) all has multiple limb member model, this a few limb member model is for designing in advance or designing accordingly as required, such as, right arm element is as a limb member of role, and the right upper arm of its different length and the right forearm of different length add that the right hand of different size can form a lot of right arm elements.
Each limb member model has multiple external morphology, and these external morphologies, for design in advance, are referred to as basic external morphology here.Change by change is mutual in order between any two basic external morphologies in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology (being referred to as broad sense external morphology) of described limb member model, therefore, broad sense external morphology is made up of basic external morphology and change external morphology.
Limb member model at least comprises head model, upper limbs model (comprising right arm model and left arm model), lower limb model (comprising right leg model and left leg model) and human trunk model, and limb member corresponding is respectively head elements, upper limbs element (comprising right arm element and left arm element), lower limb member (comprising right leg element and left leg element) and trunk element.
The external morphology of head model also comprises several expression unit, and each expression unit comprises front form and the side form of head; The figure of head model is divided into eye control part and mouth control part, and in the figure of head model, the color lump of each layer and sub-element all clearly will belong to eye control part or mouth control part.The external morphology of upper limbs model comprises several and is rotated the figure formed by forearm around ancon, and forearm completes 0-360 ° of rotation around ancon and constitutes the complete external morphology of this upper limbs model.The external morphology of lower limb model comprises several and is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy by calf circumference and rotate the figure formed, and calf circumference is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy and put 0-360 ° of rotation and constitute the complete external morphology of this lower limb model.The external morphology of human trunk model comprises the figure that trunk longitudinal stretching and compression are formed, and trunk turns to dextrad from left-hand, trunk turns left 0-90 ° and trunk turns right 0-90 ° and constitute the complete external morphology of this human trunk model.
For upper limbs model, the external morphology of upper limbs model comprises several and is rotated the figure formed by forearm around ancon, here figure refers to the basic external morphology of the upper limbs model of design in advance, such as, upper limbs model comprises the angle formed between its forearm and ancon and is 0 ° respectively, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, the basic external morphologies such as 180 ° and 270 °, can be changed by the mode of change in order between any two of these basic external morphologies, the change shape that arbitrarily change is formed in order therebetween realizes forearm and completes rotation in Partial angle around ancon together with these basic external morphologies, namely the set of the rotation in multiple continuous print Partial angle constitutes the complete external morphology of this upper limbs model (complete external morphology comprises basic external morphology and change shape).Such as, 0 °, upper limbs model and 45 ° of basic external morphologies are by changing the rotation that can realize 0-45 °, upper limbs model in order, form the external morphology within the scope of 0-45 °, this upper limbs model, between other angles, change is similar with it in order, thus formation upper limbs model forearm is around the rotation of ancon 0-360 °.
The process that mainly color lump transforms is changed in fact in order, i.e. the orderly change of color lump in the present invention.
1, the meaning of color lump conversion
In the present invention, limb member is the base unit of composition role, and color lump and sub-element are the base units of composition limb member, and the change of a limb member model external morphology is determined by the trail change of the distortion of its inner color lump and sub-element.Therefore, the conversion between the color lump of different time points (also referred to as frame) is the basis that animation realizes.Only have color lump to transform normally complete, meet the vision general knowledge of people, animation just can be made to seem natural and tripping, otherwise presenting of whole cartoon role cannot consecutive variations or unordered change, limb member be rendered as the solid that a pile scarcely knows what one has said, people cannot be understood, and nature can not form animation.As the eyebrow change in Fig. 2.
2, the requirement transformed
The intermediary (i.e. change shape) of the conversion between two color lumps is infinitely various, from the angle that animation realizes, it must be the visual custom meeting people, so what the visual custom of people is, by the exhaustive analysis of type, can reach a conclusion: the color lump change meeting visual custom can obviously be summarized as certain change type, and meets common physics law.As the change between two color lumps can obviously judge the rotation of color lump, stretching, compression, bending, depression, protruding, amplify, reduce change.For example, as shown in Figure 3, a square is changing into rectangle, should be a drawing process, and can not be become circular by square, then becomes rectangle.
In sum, meet visual custom, the conversion of color lump must meet the following conditions:
(1) the conversion process of color lump has uniqueness.Namely intermediate change form is determined and unique, here unique mainly refers to for limb member model, if certain one deck of its basic external morphology is color lump, so intermediate change form equivalent layer also must be color lump, and the color lump of their equivalent layers has and only has one, similarly, sub-element is also unique.
(2) change of shape recruitment absolute value is minimum.Namely intermediate change form change minimum with the increment of front and back color lump (front and back color lump is here the color lump in basic external morphology on equivalent layer).
(3) in the middle of, color lump area is the linear change value of front and back color lump.Namely the area of intermediate change form is between the color lump area of front and back.
(4) any two intermediate change forms can infinite approach, and change is continuously progressive.Namely between any two intermediate change forms, a certain change shape equals the change shape of front and back color lump at this time point.
By testing proof in a large number, the color lump meeting above-mentioned condition transforms, and namely meets visual custom, and in the present invention, the color lump change meeting above-mentioned condition is referred to as the orderly change of color lump.
3, the inscape of color lump
For reaching above-mentioned requirements, the inscape of color lump must be analyzed.So-called color lump, the saying just on drawing on conversational implication, a point with area or line, a circle or ellipse, an irregular solid, be color lump.After summarizing the essence of various color lump type, its concept can be summarized as: the solid of a physical presence or virtual closed curve (outline line) and inner certain color filling formation thereof.Form will have of color lump:
(1) outline line, one and just a closed curve be outline line, outline line can physical presence, also can virtual presence, and when its virtual presence, color lump shows as only has shape to fill, does not have the peripheral edge line wrapped up.
(2) node, outline line is made up of several line segments, and line segment two ends are node, and node arranges in order, and therefore each node has a sequence.Because outline line is closed, so the arrangement of some sequence is circulation.The attribute of node is a sequence and two-dimensional geometry coordinate, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) line segment, between node, connecting line is line segment, and the type of line segment has straight line and curve, in the present invention, is Bezier, and straight-line segment is a Bezier of special parameter, and curved segments is secondary Bezier.Its attribute has forward terminal coordinate, aft terminal coordinate, reference mark coordinate, line sequence.Line sequence equals forward terminal point sequence.It should be noted that, n time Bezier all can be analyzed to n secondary Bezier.
(4) fill color, the Fill Color of outline line inside is fill color, and its inscape has color code, variation pattern, transformation matrices.
4, the mathematical model that changes in order of color lump
For making front and back color lump change in order, as shown in Figure 5, founding mathematical models meets the following conditions.
1. before and after, color lump a and b has and only has one, and namely a color lump can only be converted into another color lump, and can not become two by a color lump, only have and meet this necessary condition, just can ensure that its middle change shape is unique, on Software for Design realizes, a layer, can only have 1 color lump.
2. before and after, the sequence number of the node of color lump is determined, the node of front and back color lump keeps relation one to one.
3. the change path of node is not simple rectilinear movement, must meet the gradual change of color lump area.
X
c≠X
a+k*(X
b-X
a)
Y
c≠Y
a+k*(Y
b-Y
a)
Ask the step of the node coordinate of middle color lump c as follows:
(1) find out color lump a each node cathetus apart from maximum any two node P
am, P
an
(2) find out color lump b each node cathetus apart from maximum any two node P
bm, P
bn
(3) satisfy condition | P
amp
an|+| P
bmp
bn| be greater than other combination of nodes
(4) line segment P
amp
anform the backbone of color lump a, line segment P
bmp
bnform the backbone of color lump b.
(5), according to the linear change of the mid point of a, b backbone line, angle and length, obtain the mid point of c backbone, angle and length.
(6), according to the difference of each node of ab color lump and backbone, calculate the difference of each node of c color lump and backbone.
△P
ic＝△P
ia+k*(△P
ib-△P
ia)
(7), according to the difference of c backbone and each node, calculate the coordinate of each node.
With determine area for desired value adjusts each node difference make recursive operation, calculate the coordinate of final each node.
4. due to known front and back end point coordinate, as long as the curve shape of each line segment is determined to draw its Bezier control points coordinate, Bezier control points coordinate formula is:
P(j)＝(1-j)
2P
0+2j(1-j)P
1+j
2P
2
Wherein j ∈ (0,1), P
0p
2for front and back end points, P (j) is curvilinear path point, P
1for reference mark.
Work as P
jfor P
0p
2the mid point of straight-line segment and the line at reference mark and P
0p
2during the intersection point of Bezier (during j=0.5), can formula of reduction be:
P
1＝2*P
j-(P
0+P
2)/2
After finding out the reference mark of this line sequence of front and back color lump, according to the variable difference of reference mark and front and back end points, calculate the reference mark of this line sequence of middle color lump
△P
1c＝△P
1a+k*(△P
1b-△P
1a)
Wherein k ∈ (0,1), is amplitude of variation.
5. the calculating of color change intermediate value, the Fill Color of last color lump a is Ca, and the Fill Color of a rear color lump b is Cb, and 16 binary digits of the three-primary colours of color are converted to 10 binary digits, recovers 16 binary digits codes of three-primary colours after linear operation.For the linear change that its color changing value is front and back color lump color.
Cc＝Ca+k*(Cb-Ca)
6. variance values is the intermediate form of front and back color lump, and under normal circumstances, its amplitude of variation is namely synchronous with the amplitude of variation of time point, namely
(Xc-Xa)/(Tc-Ta)＝(Xb-Xa)/(Tb-Ta)
Xc＝Xa+(Xb-Xa)*(Tc-Ta)/(Tb-Ta)
But there is (being called slow-action tw) in the factor having class as-acceleration to affect amplitude of variation like this due to color lump pace of change, therefore the calculating of intermediate value must consider the existence of slow-action.Slow-action with-1 to 1 amplitude proportional for metric, in the time period between the color lump of front and back, the change of putting in time and changing.
When tw ≠ 0, the change formula of intermediate value is:
Xc＝Xa+(Xb-Xa)*(1+tw)*(Tc-Ta)/(Tb-Ta)
By geometry agreement or the calculating of above six, form a complete mathematical model, thus determine the unique value of 4 key elements of intermediate change color lump.
5, codes implement
According to above-mentioned mathematical model, following three prerequisites must be met in animation:
1. a layer can only have a color lump.
2. in a layer, the node total number of the color lump of different time points must be identical.
3. in a layer, each node point sequence of the color lump of different time points is stable.
On these three bases, by reading 4 key elements of front and back color lump, the unique value of the four factor of the middle color lump on certain time point can be determined.
Its code module is roughly
Two, select suitable limb member model, be combined to form role;
Because each limb member forming role all by multiple limb member model, therefore, can select suitable limb member model as required, composition role.
Three, put in different time points and mark character pose, expressing the requirement of character pose.
Conveniently express role's attitude of different time points, the method that this method uses Matchstick Men to mark expresses Gesture, namely different schematic components is had to represent the number of people, left upper arm, left forearm, left hand, right upper arm, right forearm, the right hand, upper trunk, lower trunk, left thigh, left leg, left foot, right thigh, right leg, right crus of diaphragm, be well placed each schematic components, and mark turning to of its number of people, mouth control is expressed one's feelings, eye control expression, turning to of right-hand man's formula and trunk, the schematic components (formation role framework) be well placed expresses the requirement of role's attitude, and annotate portions mainly expresses the requirement of role's expression, thus requirement of role's Gesture and role being expressed one's feelings combines and can express complete role's Gesture.Wherein, express the turning to an of number of people, the turning to of mouth control expression, eye control expression, right-hand man's formula and trunk, can express with numeric literal, also can express with the playback head of schematic components.
It should be noted that, for avoiding the repetition of the work such as limb member modelling and role make, first three step can arbitrary step start, such as, first the requirement of character pose can be expressed, then design the limb member model of each limb member and the basic internal state of each limb member model, then choose wherein suitable limb member model group and become role.
Four, according to character pose requirement, the limbs choosing each limb member present, and the limbs of each limb member are presented on character pose and require that corresponding time point is put, simultaneously require that corresponding role expresses one's feelings at each time point mark to character pose, character pose comprises the expression of role and attitude presents.
Role presents to be presented by the limbs of several limb member forming role in the attitude of certain time point and forms, limbs are rendered as each limb member at the outer trace of this time point and external morphology, and outer trace is each limb member in corresponding coordinate, size and the angle of this time point.The external morphology of each limb member is chosen from the external morphology the limb member model of its correspondence, change by change is mutual in order between any two external morphologies in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model.
The method chosen from the external morphology the limb member model of its correspondence from the external morphology of each limb member is: if the external morphology will choosing limb member is the basic external morphology of limb member model, then directly choose this basic external morphology, otherwise, the external morphology choosing limb member is when not belong in basic external morphology a kind of, then choose in the multiple change shapes generated by the orderly variation pattern of two basic external morphologies.
Such as to choose the internal state of upper limbs element, then first find out the upper limbs model corresponding with this upper limbs element, suppose that this upper limbs model comprises the angle formed between its forearm and ancon and is 0 ° respectively, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, the basic external morphologies such as 180 ° and 270 °, if and the external morphology will choosing upper limbs element is forearm and hand when being the external morphology of 45 °, then directly to choose from the basic external morphology of upper limbs model, if the external morphology choosing upper limbs element is forearm and hand when being the external morphology of 70 °, so just need the basic external morphology first choosing 45 °, upper limbs model and 90 °, again the basic external morphology of these 45 ° and 90 ° is carried out change formation change shape therebetween in order, last forearm and the hand of finding in these change shapes is the internal state of change shape as the upper limbs element that will choose of 70 ° (or close to 70 °).
Similarly, the limbs of each limb member on any two time points present also can change mutual conversion by color lump in order, and the two intermediate change limbs presents to be changed by the track linear change of each limb member and external morphology and forms.The orderly change of limb member and the orderly change of limb member model similar, in fact, the external morphology of limb member is the one in external morphology complete in limb member model, therefore, orderly change in the present invention can be understood as the orderly change of color lump in external morphology, in other words, it is external morphology (more specifically referring to the external morphology that limb member presents) in order to realize generating suitable limb member that the external morphology of limb member model changes in order, and the orderly change that each limb member presents external morphology is linked up at the character pose in different time points, form the consecutive variations of character pose.
Therefore, limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and external morphology change all have multilayer color lump and sub-element superposition to be formed, every layer has and only has a color lump or sub-element, the limbs of each limb member on any two time points present by changing conversion mutually in order satisfied:
Between limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and the external morphology of the two change, equivalent layer is color lump or sub-element;
If described equivalent layer is color lump, then the node total number of the color lump in equivalent layer is all identical, and one_to_one corresponding between node.
Five, presented by the limbs of each limb member in order between any two adjacent angular look postures of change generation, the consecutive variations of composition role attitude, again because each time point has all marked corresponding role expression, therefore, the combination that the consecutive variations of role's attitude and role express one's feelings, complete the consecutive variations of character pose, finally carry out flash demo by playback head, namely complete whole cartoon making.
Six, attachment (optional step) is added
The article such as hand-held stage property, garment trim are considered as attachment by system, the topology location of color lump in the deformation trace tracking limb member model internal state of certain point (normally deformation point) of attachment or the relative position of sub-element.The interior change of attachment element produces according to the pace of change of its track, thus produces the effect of waving or shaking.
For example:
Suppose using the step one in above-described embodiment to five animation process of illustrating as this, so:
First, suppose form role limb member by limb member B, C, D, E, F, G six part form, design the limb member model of each limb member, such as, each limb member all has three limb member models (limb member B is made up of limb member Model B 1, B2, B3), the limb member model different to these carries out basic external morphology design, and the basic external morphology of such as limb member Model B 1 is made up of external morphology B11, B12, B13.
Secondly, select suitable limb member model, composition role, such as, as required, the limb member model of composition role A1 has B1, C1, D1, E1, F1 and G1, this shows, the combination of different limb member model, different roles can be realized, role's variation, then because these limb member models are design in advance, therefore, repeated labor is not needed.
Again, being put and mark character pose, express the character pose requirement on each time point by schematic components at each time point, the design of this step makes to next step operation more easily and convenient.
Then, according to the character pose requirement that each time point is expressed, the role's attitude each limbs being presented formation is put, and meanwhile, marks corresponding role expression.Be made up of external morphology and formalness because limbs present, and formalness is only each limb member in the linear change of corresponding coordinate, size and the angle of different time points, comparatively simple when putting, therefore, limb member presents and only illustrates the external morphology of limb member here.Such as, the attitude of the role of role A1 on time point X is rendered as A11, role's expression is H1, so first, from each limbs present, choose corresponding external morphology, limbs present and are choose from the external morphology of limb member model, the limbs of limb member B such as will be selected to be rendered as BN1 (external morphology of limb member B), if limbs present the one that BN1 is just in time the basic external morphology for limb member Model B 1, then directly choose (such as basic external morphology B11), the limbs of limb member C are selected to be rendered as CN1 (external morphology of limb member C), if limbs present the one that CN1 is not the basic external morphology for limb member MODEL C 1, then first the basic external morphology (presenting the basic external morphology of the limb member MODEL C 1 that two are connected before and after CN1 with these limbs) of limb member MODEL C 1 is changed in order, generate multiple change shape, choose from these change shapes, such as, it is finally the change shape C111 of basic external morphology C11 and the C12 generation of limb member MODEL C 1 that limbs present CN1, it is similar that other choose mode, finally, it is basic external morphology B11 that the attitude of the role of role A1 on time point X is rendered as A11, change shape C111, basic external morphology D11, change shape E111, basic external morphology F11, change shape G111 forms the role's attitude formed, add the role be labeled on time point X to express one's feelings F1, character pose on formation time point X, in like manner complete to other times point carries out similar operation the process of putting, in the process, the internal state that mainly limbs present chooses process.
Finally, by changing in order each time point (mainly adjacent any two time points), here orderly change mainly each limbs presents the orderly change of the color lump in external morphology, make character pose continuous distribution on a timeline, carry out control by playback head again to play, complete the manufacturing process of whole animation.Certainly, the operation of some attachments can also be had as required.
From above citing and accompanying drawing 6, the data of animation process of the present invention or flow process have distinct hierarchical structure, by limb member model → role → role's attitude, and we are when designing, namely the several basic external morphology only needing to make the limb member model of each limb member and each limb member model is combined to form different roles and role's attitude presents by different.
Above-described embodiment, just in order to technical conceive of the present invention and feature are described, its objective is and is one of ordinary skilled in the art can be understood content of the present invention and implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.The change of every equivalence made according to the essence of content of the present invention or modification, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a limb member model, it is characterized in that, described limb member model exists with the form of limb member, limb member model is made up of several external morphologies, by change conversion mutually in order between any two external morphologies, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model.
2. limb member model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described external morphology is the figure of limb member on each time point, and described figure is formed by stacking by multilayer color lump and sub-element, every layer has and only has a color lump or sub-element.
3. limb member model according to claim 2, is characterized in that, between any two external morphologies, the orderly change of conversion mutually meets the following conditions:
Between these two external morphologies and the change shape of the two, equivalent layer is color lump or sub-element;
If described equivalent layer is color lump, then the node total number of the color lump in equivalent layer is all identical, and one_to_one corresponding between node.
4. limb member model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described limb member model at least comprises head model, upper limbs model, lower limb model and human trunk model;
The external morphology of described head model also comprises several expression unit, and each expression unit comprises front form and the side form of head; The figure of head model is divided into eye control part and mouth control part, and in the figure of head model, the color lump of each layer and sub-element all clearly will belong to eye control part or mouth control part;
The external morphology of described upper limbs model comprises several and is rotated the figure formed by forearm around ancon, and forearm completes 0-360 ° of rotation around ancon and constitutes the complete external morphology of this upper limbs model;
The external morphology of described lower limb model comprises several and is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy by calf circumference and rotate the figure formed, and calf circumference is stayed with one's parents in order to make them happy and put 0-360 ° of rotation and constitute the complete external morphology of this lower limb model;
The external morphology of described human trunk model comprises the figure that trunk longitudinal stretching and compression are formed, and trunk turns to dextrad from left-hand, trunk turns left 0-90 ° and trunk turns right 0-90 ° and constitute the complete external morphology of this human trunk model.
5. a role, it is characterized in that, described role is made up of several limb member, role presents to be presented by the limbs of these several limb member in the attitude of certain time point and forms, described limbs are rendered as each limb member at the outer trace of this time point and external morphology, the outer trace of described limb member is each limb member in corresponding coordinate, size and the angle of this time point, by change conversion mutually in order between the external morphology of each time point of described limb member.
6. role according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the external morphology of described each limb member is chosen from the external morphology the limb member model of its correspondence, change by change is mutual in order between any two external morphologies in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model.
7. role according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the limbs of each limb member on any two time points present by changing mutual conversion in order, and the two intermediate change limbs presents to be changed by the track linear change of each limb member and external morphology and forms.
8. role according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and external morphology change all have multilayer color lump and sub-element superposition to be formed, every layer has and only has a color lump or sub-element, the limbs of described each limb member on any two time points present by changing conversion mutually in order satisfied:
Between limb member external morphology corresponding on these two time points and the external morphology of the two change, equivalent layer is color lump or sub-element;
If described equivalent layer is color lump, then the node total number of the color lump in equivalent layer is all identical, and one_to_one corresponding between node.
9. a two-dimension cartoon making method, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Draw multiple limb member models of each limb member, each limb member model has again multiple external morphology, change by change is mutual in order between any two external morphologies in limb member model, wherein the two change shape formed in mutual transfer process also forms the external morphology of described limb member model;
Select suitable limb member model, be combined to form role;
According to character pose requirement, the limbs choosing each limb member present, and the limbs of each limb member are presented on corresponding time point put, and described character pose comprises the expression of role and attitude presents;
Presented by the limbs changing each limb member generated between any two adjacent angular look postures in order, complete the consecutive variations of character pose, carry out flash demo by playback head.
10. two-dimension cartoon making method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described character pose requires to express one's feelings realization by putting role framework and mark role in different time points, wherein, the limbs of each limb member that the role framework that each time point is put is put with this time point present corresponding.
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