CN105242737B - A kind of ripple current production method and circuit - Google Patents
A kind of ripple current production method and circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of ripple current production method circuit, including dc source U, inductance L, two windings of transformer T are Double-wire parallel wound, diode D, FET Q, control circuit for pulse-width modulation P, and measured capacitance, with power sources in parallel after transformer T one magnetic core with air gap of existence adjustable air gap, measured capacitance and inductance L series connection；The winding 1 of FET Q and transformer T is in parallel with measured capacitance after connecting；The winding 2 of transformer T and diode D are in parallel with measured capacitance after connecting；Control circuit P drives FET Q, is operated on off state, and maximum duty cycle is less than 0.5；When utilizing Q to turn on, winding 1 excitation being produced discharge current, when Q turns off, winding 1 afterflow degaussing produce charging current, and have reclaimed energy, so obtain the ripple current of measured capacitance, have low cost, consume energy feature low, that wiring is simple, volume is little.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the generation of high frequency ripple current, particularly to the generation of the high frequency ripple current for testing electrochemical capacitor.
Background technology
At present, Switching Power Supply application is a lot, for input power at below 75W, to power factor (PF) (PF, Power Factor,
Also referred to as power factor) occasion that is not required, inverse-excitation type (Fly-back) Switching Power Supply has charming advantage: circuit topology is simple,
Wide input voltage range.Inverse-excitation type switch power-supply is few due to element, and the reliability of circuit is the highest, so application is very wide, for
Convenience, a lot of documents are referred to as reverse exciting switching voltage regulator.Common topology is as it is shown in figure 1, this figure prototype is from doctor Zhang Xingzhu
Written book number is " Switching Power Supply power converter topologies and the design " page 60 of ISBN978-7-5083-9015-4, this book
Referred to herein simply as: bibliography one.By rectifier bridge 101, filter circuit 200 and basic flyback topologies element circuit
300 compositions, practical circuit before rectifier bridge also added with protection circuits such as EMI (Electromagnetic Interference),
To guarantee that the Electro Magnetic Compatibility of reverse exciting switching voltage regulator reaches to use requirement.
Filter circuit 200 is typically made up of electrochemical capacitor CL, along with the popularization of intellectualizing system in industrial circle, small-power flyback
Formula Switching Power Supply is permeated to every field, and its weak point embodies the most therewith, because employing electrochemical capacitor CL, and is somebody's turn to do
The characteristic of electrochemical capacitor and hence, limit the purposes of Fig. 1 inverse-excitation type switch power-supply, it is well known that electric capacity CL is often 400V
Pressure electrochemical capacitor, and the pressure electrochemical capacitor more than 250V, its low temperature typically can only work-25 DEG C.I.e. at-40 DEG C
Under environment, such as three provinces in the northeast of China, the new and countries and regions of high latitude, the use of small-power inverse-excitation type switch power-supply becomes
Thorny, of course, it is possible to use CBB thin-film capacitor as this in CBB to filter, but volume is excessive, and high cost.
During one Switching Power Supply of design, often face the life problems of this electrochemical capacitor, and its life-span is typically by pressure, equivalent
Series resistance (ESR is the abbreviation of Equivalent Series Resistance), ripple current (Ripple current),
The factors such as loss angle (tg δ) are determined that particularly largest ripple current is also called maximum allowable ripple current, i.e. rated ripple
Electric current (IRAC), it is defined as: the AC ripple current effective value that capacitor maximum can bear under the conditions of maximum operating temperature.
And the sinusoidal wave absolute value that the ripple current specified is standard frequency (generally 100Hz-120Hz).
In use, there is special ripple current in electrochemical capacitor, during charging, reaches to produce close to during voltage peak for alternating current
Charging current, this has sufficient explanation in 0008 section of the specification of Authorization Notice No. CN102594175B；The electric current of charging
Frequency is the twice of the frequency of alternating current, for low frequency pulsating direct current；And when electric discharge, be high frequency ripple current, substantially
The exciting curent of the power stage of inverse-excitation type switch power-supply, if discontinuous conduct mode, waveform is triangular wave.Above-mentioned " switch electricity
Active power converter topology and design " Figure 10-9 (b) of page 162 has and represents, due to for known technology, the most no longer with scheming
Shape is shown.
That is, when electrochemical capacitor uses as input rectifying filter capacitor in inverse-excitation type switch power-supply, its ripple current is: charging
For low frequency pulsating DC current, discharge and discharge for high frequency ripple current.
Owing to coming management and control or checking electrochemical capacitor rated ripple current currently without effective method of testing, instrument, thus the most anti-
Excitation type switch power-supply does not reaches service life, such as, is nominally the import electrochemical capacitor of 450BXC47MEFC18 × 25, and nominal is resistance to
Pressure 450V, ripple current is 1200mA, and 105 DEG C of life-spans are the electrochemical capacitor of 12000 hours, is applied to the flyback of 15W output
In formula Switching Power Supply, efficiency is 85%, operating voltage 220VAC, and actual measurement ripple current is 59mA, under 85 DEG C of environment of high temperature,
Result only works 93 days, and i.e. 2230 hours, this electrochemical capacitor lost efficacy.Change this electrochemical capacitor and associated damage device
After, Switching Power Supply still can normally work.
Even if in other application scenario, such as the high power switching power supply with PFC function, first risen to 380V by BOOST circuit,
Electrochemical capacitor is charged, the direct current more smoothed, then double tube positive exciting or LLC converter are powered, equally, to this electricity
Solve the management and control of ripple current of electric capacity, understanding, contribute to grasping the desired design life-span of product.
Owing to carrying out management and control electrochemical capacitor rated ripple current currently without effective method of testing, instrument, major part designer is
It is operating position electrochemical capacitor being loaded Switching Power Supply, in actual its life-span of test, often surveys an electrochemical capacitor it is necessary to waste one
Switching Power Supply, when the electric capacity life-span is close to when ending, is easily damaged Switching Power Supply, causes cost increase further.Described above
450BXC47MEFC18 × 25, are generally used on the inverse-excitation type switch power-supply of 15W output.But when testing or being aging, such as exist
Under the direct current of 311V, ripple current reaches rated ripple current 1200mA, then the power consumption of Switching Power Supply will reach 311V
× 1.2A=373.2W, the cost of such power supply own is the lowest, if output is 48V, efficiency is 90%, and the way of current industry is,
This 48V, another mistake becomes 220VAC and returns civil power, but efficiency is about 90%, and overall efficiency is about 81%, and wiring is complicated,
Use extremely inconvenient.In order to shorten test period, being typically all put in insulating box and test under hot conditions, this electrolysis is electric
Containing the method into Switching Power Supply, take up room big, wiring is the most complicated, and when occurring losing efficacy, due to Switching Power Supply also at height
Under temperature environment, it is impossible to differentiation is who result in inefficacy.And, change the electrochemical capacitor of a kind of model it is necessary to again find correspondence
Switching Power Supply come corresponding, use extremely inconvenient.
Existing method has a lot of weak point: cost is high, power consumption is very big, wiring is complicated, volume is big, it is extremely inconvenient to use.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention solves the problems that the deficiency of existing ripple current production method and circuit, it is provided that a kind of ripple current produces
Generation method and circuit, low cost, low energy consumption ground provide high frequency ripple current, have the advantages that wiring is simple, easy to use.
The present invention provide a kind of ripple current production method, including dc source, an inductance, a transformer, a diode,
One FET, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect two pins of measured capacitance lead-out terminal, including plus end with
Negative terminal, described transformer includes that the first winding and the second winding, the first winding and the second winding are Double-wire parallel wound, and transformer
There is a magnetic core with air gap, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole, connects into ripple electricity as follows
The raw circuit of miscarriage:
The lead-out terminal of measured capacitance and inductance are in parallel with dc source after connecting；
After first windings in series of FET and transformer in parallel with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
After second winding of transformer and Diode series, the lead-out terminal with measured capacitance is in parallel；
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation drives FET, is operated on off state, and the maximum duty cycle of control circuit for pulse-width modulation is little
In 0.5；
And connect and to ensure the following course of work: during FET conducting, the terminal voltage of measured capacitance, defeated by measured capacitance
Go out terminal and the most fully on FET excitatory to the first winding of transformer, in scene effect pipe turn on process, diode
It is not turned on；
Then, during FET cut-off, the freewheel current of the second winding of transformer passes through diode, the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance
Charging to measured capacitance, diode is in the conduction state；
The output duty cycle of adjusting pulsewidth modulation control circuit, obtains different high frequency ripple current in measured capacitance.
Above-mentioned method, referred to as method one, can allow the charge and discharge of measured capacitance, all obtains high frequency ripple current, if allowing
Measured capacitance obtains low frequency charging current, the electric discharge ripple current of high frequency, then, the invention provides method two:
A kind of ripple current production method, including dc source, the first electric capacity, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, one
FET, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance, including plus end with negative
Terminal, described transformer includes that the first winding and the second winding, the first winding and the second winding are Double-wire parallel wound, and transformer is deposited
At a magnetic core with air gap, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole, connects into ripple current as follows
Generation circuit:
Described dc source and the first electric capacity are in parallel, in parallel with the first electric capacity after the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance and inductance series connection；
After first windings in series of FET and transformer in parallel with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
After second winding of transformer and Diode series in parallel with the first electric capacity；
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation drives FET, is operated on off state, and the maximum duty cycle of control circuit for pulse-width modulation is little
In 0.5；
And connect and to ensure the following course of work: during FET conducting, the terminal voltage of measured capacitance, defeated by measured capacitance
Going out terminal and the most fully on FET excitatory to the first winding of transformer, during this, diode is not turned on；
Then, during FET cut-off, the freewheel current of the second winding of transformer is charged to the first electric capacity by diode, two poles
Manage in the conduction state；
The output duty cycle of adjusting pulsewidth modulation control circuit, obtains different high frequency ripple current in measured capacitance.
Preferably, in said method one and two, the output voltage of dc source is adjustable；
Preferably, in said method one and two, the first winding and second winding of described transformer synchronously have more than one taking out
Head；
Preferably, in said method one and two, the distance of described magnetic core air gap is adjustable.
Preferably, in said method one and two, described FET is N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the drain electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor
Being connected with the different name end of the first winding of transformer, the source electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor connects the negative terminal of lead-out terminal, N-channel type
The grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor connects the output of control circuit for pulse-width modulation.
Described FET is N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, then the ripple current of method one correspondence produces circuit and is:
A kind of ripple current produces circuit, including dc source, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, a FET,
For N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation is, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance, including just
Terminal and negative terminal, described transformer includes that the first winding and the second winding, the first winding and the second winding are Double-wire parallel wound, and
There is a magnetic core with air gap in transformer, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole, and annexation is:
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is connected with one end of inductance, and the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance connects
The negative pole of dc source, the other end of inductance connects the positive pole of dc source；
The drain electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of the first winding of transformer, and the source electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor connects quilt
Surveying the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of electric capacity, the Same Name of Ends of the first winding of transformer connects the plus end of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is also connected with the different name end of the second winding of transformer, the second winding of transformer
Same Name of Ends connects the negative electrode of diode, and the anode of diode connects the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance, pulse width modulation controlled
The output of circuit connects the grid of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the ground of control circuit for pulse-width modulation connects the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance
Negative terminal.
Described FET is N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, then the ripple current of method two correspondence produces circuit and is:
A kind of ripple current produces circuit, including dc source, the first electric capacity, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, one
FET, for N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and the output of connection two pins of measured capacitance
Son, including plus end and negative terminal, described transformer includes that the first winding and the second winding, the first winding and the second winding are double
Line and around, and there is a magnetic core with air gap in transformer, and the output of described dc source has positive pole and a negative pole, connects and closes
System is:
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is connected with one end of inductance, and the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance connects
The negative pole of dc source, it is in parallel that the other end of inductance connects the positive pole of dc source, dc source and the first electric capacity；
The drain electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of the first winding of transformer, and the source electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor connects quilt
Surveying the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of electric capacity, the Same Name of Ends of the first winding of transformer connects the plus end of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
The positive pole of dc source is also connected with the different name end of the second winding of transformer, and the Same Name of Ends of the second winding of transformer connects two
The negative electrode of pole pipe, the anode of diode connects the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance, the output of control circuit for pulse-width modulation
Connecting the grid of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the ground of control circuit for pulse-width modulation connects the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance.
Operation principle will in conjunction with the embodiments, is explained in detail.
The invention have the benefit that
Low cost, power consumption are less than 1st/20th of prior art, wiring is simple, it is long-pending little, easy to use to stop；It addition, also
There is the advantage that prior art does not has: during the different electrochemical capacitor of test, parameter is easy to adjust, highly versatile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the topology that in existing document, reverse exciting switching voltage regulator is common；
Fig. 2 is the first embodiment schematic diagram of the inventive method one correspondence；
Fig. 2-1 is the working waveform figure of the inventive method one correspondence；
Fig. 2-2 is first embodiment principle of equal effects Fig. 1 of the inventive method one correspondence；
Fig. 2-3 is first embodiment principle of equal effects Fig. 2 of the inventive method one correspondence；
Fig. 2-4 is first embodiment principle of equal effects Fig. 3 of the inventive method one correspondence；
Fig. 3 is the second embodiment schematic diagram of the inventive method two correspondence；
Fig. 4 is the working waveform figure of the inventive method two correspondence.
Detailed description of the invention
First embodiment
Refer to Fig. 2, a kind of ripple current production method, have employed the method one in technical scheme, repeat no more here, this
In explain the first windings in series of FET and transformer: FET and windings in series, by the tradition of industry, field is imitated
Should use as a gate-controlled switch by pipe, its grid is control terminal, is not involved in series connection, and its drain electrode, source electrode participate in series connection.
A kind of ripple current produces circuit, including dc source U, an inductance L, a transformer T, a diode D, an effect
Should pipe Q, for N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation P, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance,
The first winding 1 and the second winding 2, the first winding 1 and second is included including plus end J+ and negative terminal J-, described transformer T
Winding 2 is Double-wire parallel wound, and the specification of enamel-covered wire is identical, and transformer T exists a magnetic core with air gap, described direct current
The output of power supply U has positive pole and negative pole, and annexation is:
One end of the plus end J+ and inductance L of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is connected, the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance
J-connects the negative pole of dc source U, and the other end of inductance L connects the positive pole of dc source U；
The drain electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor Q is connected with the different name end of first winding 1 of transformer T, in the drawings there to be the title of stain
For Same Name of Ends, do not have stain is referred to as different name end, and the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q connects the negative terminal J-of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance,
The Same Name of Ends of first winding 1 of transformer T connects the plus end J+ of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
The plus end J+ of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is also connected with the different name end of second winding 2 of transformer T, the of transformer T
The Same Name of Ends of two windings 2 connects the negative electrode of diode D, and the anode of diode D connects the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance
The output of J-, control circuit for pulse-width modulation P connects the grid of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the ground of control circuit for pulse-width modulation connects
The negative terminal J-of the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance.
Principle is sketched:
First assuming that control circuit for pulse-width modulation P does not works, and reaches stable state after powering on, the terminal voltage of measured capacitance is equal to direct current
The voltage in source, does not has electric current in inductance L；
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation P works, as a example by a cycle:
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation P exports high level, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q saturation conduction, measured capacitance equivalence and the first of transformer T
Winding 1 is the most in parallel, at this moment, exciting current occurs, elapse over time, linear rise in the first winding 1, this electric current,
Constitute the electric discharge high frequency ripple current of measured capacitance；
Waveform between the grid g and source electrode s of control circuit for pulse-width modulation P output level, i.e. metal-oxide-semiconductor Q, is denoted as Ugs, its
Waveform sees U in Fig. 2-1gsWaveform；In figure, DTs to Ts is respectively as follows: Ts and represents a cycle, and the D in DTs represents and accounts for
Empty ratio, the i.e. time of control circuit P output high level；
This process, the first winding 2 induces just lower negative voltage, i.e. in Fig. 2, Same Name of Ends is just, different name end is negative,
Passive switch is diode D, ends because of reverse-biased, and the energy storage that exciting current produces is in the air gap of magnetic core；
The waveform of exciting current sees i in Fig. 2-11Waveform；
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation P output is become low level from high level, this time period of DTs to Ts, metal-oxide-semiconductor in corresponding diagram
Q ends, and the electric current of first winding 1 of transformer T can not suddenly change, and now the first winding 1 turns as the energy stored by inductance
To the second winding 2, electric current originally is that the Same Name of Ends from winding 1 flows to different name end, owing to metal-oxide-semiconductor Q ends, and this electric current
Transferring in winding 2, flowed to different name end, now diode D forward conduction by Same Name of Ends equally, this electric current is to tested electricity
Capacity charge.
Electric current in winding 2, it is simply that to the electric current of measured capacitance charging, be denoted as i2, see i in Fig. 2-12Waveform；
Electric current in measured capacitance, if charging is denoted as positive current, externally electric discharge is denoted as negative current, the rheometer in measured capacitance
Make iout, its waveform sees i in Fig. 2-1outWaveform；
The present processes, have employed inverse-excitation type basic circuit, but is not provided with degausser, explicitly point out in bibliography one
Circuit of reversed excitation does not has degausser to be cisco unity malfunction, in the application, uses the second winding 2 and the first winding 1 two-wire also
Around, the second winding 2 is not only completed exciting current afterflow effect when metal-oxide-semiconductor Q ends, and completes demagnetizing effect simultaneously yet.This
Planting a winding and complete the usages of two effects, the document before the application does not all have.Winding 2 and the number of turn of winding 1
Equal, its afterflow process is almost the contrary of winding 1 excitation process, and waveform is also symmetrical, and institute's time spent is the most equal
, in order to ensure degaussing success, it is ensured that the time of afterflow of winding 2 is slightly larger than winding 1 excitation time, and this also determines winding
1 excitation time is less than 0.5 cycle.
It is known that the copper loss of inverse-excitation type basic circuit and iron loss can be by optimizing, the energy loss making them produce accounts for input
General power less than 2%, even lower, in the technical scheme of the application, the source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q does not has current sense resistor, damage
Consumption reduces further, the metal-oxide-semiconductor that on state resistance is the lowest can be selected as the switching tube of this position of Q, reduce further
Loss, the efficiency of actual measurement model machine is more than 97%, it may be assumed that
Being nominally the electrochemical capacitor of 450BXC47MEFC18 × 25, nominal is pressure 450V, ripple current is 1200mA, direct current
Source U is adjusted to 311V direct current, and inductance L to ensure under switching frequency, and its induction reactance is much larger than the nominal equivalent series of measured capacitance
Resistance, " being much larger than " in engineering, refer generally to ten times and more than；Guarantee that the shunting action of inductance L is the least on the impact of circuit.
The nominal equivalent series resistance of the electrochemical capacitor of 450BXC47MEFC18 × 25 is below 4 Europe, and operating frequency is 65KHz, then,
Inductance L value is more than 100uH, just can ensure that its induction reactance is not less than 40 Europe under 65KHz, herein for convenient, directly uses
The inductance of 1mH, the 0.6mm coiling of line footpath, so obtain minimum insertion loss；The model of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q is FMV06N90E
Two parallel connections, to obtain extremely low loss, FMV06N90E is pressure 900V, on state resistance is 2.5 Ω, and the model of magnetic core is PQ3225,
Center pillar air gap is 0.46mm, and the first winding 1 and the first winding 2 have employed the three layer insulation wire of 0.4mm, 6 branch lines and around, its
In 3 parallel connections as winding 1, other 3 parallel connections are as winding 2, and the most not only obtain between winding 1 and winding 2 is double
Line and around effect, and reduce the Kelvin effect of high frequency electric, reduce copper loss；Modulation control circuit P is by integrated circuit
Forming for ISL6841 and peripheral circuit, peripheral circuit includes the 8V low-voltage regulated power supply providing power supply to ISL6841, this
ISL6841, its maximum duty cycle is 0.5, and diode D is ER1006FCT, the pressure 600V that is nominally, and actual measurement is universal at 680V
Above, being used in Fig. 2 circuit, the pressure twice for dc source U of needs, dc source U is 311V here, then two
The reality that resistance to pressure request is 622V, 680V of pole pipe D is pressure can barely be met.Magnetic core assembling time, the joint of two lateral columns
Place, centre is put magnetic liquid, is not put magnetic liquid in the middle of center pillar.
After circuit connects, with Agilent model be 1147A current probe coordinate DSO-X3024A oscillograph, be directly sandwiched in by
Surveying on a pin of electric capacity, observe the ripple current in tested electrochemical capacitor, the operating voltage of regulation dc source U is first low
Pressure, such as the half or following of operating voltage, takes 120V here, starts modulation control circuit P, and dutycycle is the most smaller by minor adjustment
In 0.5, at this moment the voltage of regulation dc source U is to testing desired 311V direct current, if ripple current exceeds standard, the gas of center pillar
Gap is turned down a little, and so, the inductance value of winding 1 can become big, owing to dutycycle does not become, and same excitation time, exciting current
Can reduce.
Owing to the heating of electrochemical capacitor is the main cause causing the lost of life, according to the computing formula of power: P=I2R, and generate heat
Source be exactly that ripple current acts on equivalent series resistance ESR, it may be assumed that
Heating power=ripple current virtual value2×ESR
It is recognised that during test electrochemical capacitor ripple current index of correlation, be adapted to reduce operating voltage, it is right so to reduce
The requirement of transformer in Fig. 2, as in this example, has selected the direct current of 311V, and this is the DC voltage behind 220VAC commercial power rectification
High limit, ripple current is 1.2A, then in Fig. 2, and the power of transformer T is 311V × 1.2A/2=186.6W, and this is only
The electrochemical capacitor of 47uF, high-voltage capacitance such for 220uF, its nominal ripple current reaches 3.2A, then the merit of transformer T
Rate is close to 500W, and this is the most unpractical.At this moment, operating voltage can be reduced to 100V, even lower, such transformation
The power of device T can reduce, and test is realized with a low cost.
After operating voltage reduces, exciting current correspondingly reduces.
After the circuit of first embodiment is put up, the size of gaps of regulation magnetic core so that the electrochemical capacitor of 450BXC47MEFC18 × 25
Ripple current be 1.2A, at this moment, the output electric current of dc source U is 30.28mA, i.e. the power output of dc source U is
311V × 30.28mA=9.42W.
I.e. the application achieves, only with the power of 9.42W, it is achieved that electrochemical capacitor is under the direct current of 311V, and work ripple current
For 1.2A, it is achieved that low cost, low energy consumption ground provide high frequency ripple current, and the circuit connection of Fig. 2 is simple, volume is little.If
With traditional method, 186.6W to be consumed energy, the present invention is its power consumption of 5.0%, it is true that the most optimized, first embodiment is only
Power consumption 17.4mA, the 2.9% of at this moment power consumption just 5.41W, only prior art.
When the another kind of electrochemical capacitor amount of needs test, ripple current is different, it is contemplated that conceivable exciting current is the most different, then,
The first winding and the second winding at transformer synchronously have more than one tap, by selecting different taps, obtain difference
The coiling number of turn, i.e. change inductance value, thus it is possible to vary exciting current, regulate the output voltage of dc source, also simultaneously suitably
It is to change exciting current；The distance of magnetic core air gap is adjustable simultaneously, the size of gaps of regulation magnetic core, it is also possible to change in little scope
Power transformation sensibility reciprocal obtains different ripple currents.
The formula of inductance is defined as:
Wherein, U is the excitation voltage at inductance two ends, and t is excitation time, and I is the electric current flowing through inductance at the end of excitation；So,
The maximum of exciting current is:
By above formula it will be seen that change time t can also change exciting current, then, change control circuit for pulse-width modulation P
Output duty cycle, be i.e. the time t in change formula (2), thus it is possible to vary exciting current；Equally, operating voltage U is changed, i.e.
The output voltage of dc source U, thus it is possible to vary exciting current；Change the inductance value of the first winding 1, thus it is possible to vary exciting current.
Utilize formula (2) it is contemplated that property ground predetermined DC supply voltage, dutycycle, inductance value, combined circuit, directly obtain and want
Ripple current.
By changing the output voltage of dc source U；By selecting different tappings, by changing the distance of magnetic core air gap
Change inductance value；By changing the dutycycle of modulation control circuit P, exciting current can be changed to change ripple current.
Or dutycycle is constant, is slightly less than 0.5, under the state of 0.5, at this moment change operating frequency, see Fig. 2-1, frequency
Raising, DTs shortens accordingly, then, exciting current reduces change exciting current the most accordingly and changes ripple current.
Visible, the present invention can realize goal of the invention.
Fig. 2-2 is another embodiment, another kind in parallel with dc source after the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance and inductance series connection
Mode, is also another way in parallel with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance after the second winding of transformer and Diode series, with
Sample realizes goal of the invention；
Fig. 2-3 is another embodiment, with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance after the first windings in series of FET and transformer
Another way in parallel, is also in parallel with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance another after the second winding of transformer and Diode series
A kind of mode, realizes goal of the invention equally, and only modulation control circuit P has become and drives floatingly；
Fig. 2-4 is another embodiment, another kind in parallel with dc source after the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance and inductance series connection
Another way in parallel with the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance after first windings in series of mode, FET and transformer, equally
Realize goal of the invention.
First embodiment in fact shows four kinds of embodiments, realizes goal of the invention equally.
Measured capacitance is not just for electrochemical capacitor, and other electric capacity equally can normally work, in Fig. 2-1, and ioutWaveform in,
Charging and discharging is high frequency ripple current, in background technology, mentions: electrochemical capacitor is conduct in inverse-excitation type switch power-supply
When input rectifying filter capacitor uses, its ripple current is: be charged as low frequency pulsating DC current, discharges for high frequency ripple current
Electric discharge.
In this case, method two can be used to obtain ripple current, see the second embodiment.
Second embodiment
Refer to Fig. 3, a kind of ripple current production method, have employed the method two in technical scheme, repeat no more here, one
Kind of ripple current produces circuit, including dc source U, an electric capacity C, an inductance L, a transformer T, a diode D, one
FET Q, for N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation P, and the output of connection two pins of measured capacitance
Terminal, includes the first winding 1 and the second winding 2, the first winding 1 including plus end J+ and negative terminal J-, described transformer T
It is Double-wire parallel wound with the second winding 2, and transformer T exists a magnetic core with air gap, the output of described dc source U
Having positive pole and negative pole, annexation is:
The plus end J+ of measured capacitance lead-out terminal is connected with one end of inductance, and the negative terminal J-of measured capacitance lead-out terminal connects
The negative pole of dc source U, it is in parallel that the other end of inductance L connects the positive pole of dc source U, dc source U and electric capacity C；
The drain electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of first winding of transformer T, and the source electrode of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor connects
The Same Name of Ends of first winding of the negative terminal J-of measured capacitance lead-out terminal, transformer T connects the anode of measured capacitance lead-out terminal
Sub-J+；
The positive pole of dc source U is also connected with the different name end of second winding 2 of transformer T, second winding 2 of transformer T same
Name end connects the negative electrode of diode D, and the anode of diode D connects the negative terminal J-of measured capacitance lead-out terminal, pulsewidth modulation control
The output of circuit P processed connects the grid of N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the ground of control circuit for pulse-width modulation P connects measured capacitance output
The negative terminal J-of son.
Operation principle:
The electric current of the second winding 2 afterflow, after electric capacity C filters, smooths through inductance L, with DC current to measured capacitance
Charging, thus obtains and is charged as DC current, discharges and discharges for high frequency ripple current.
If dc source directly being changed into alternating current power supply after rectification circuit, can directly imitate out real electrochemical capacitor and making
With environment: be i.e. charged as low frequency pulsating DC current, discharge and discharge for high frequency ripple current.
Its working waveform figure sees Fig. 4, ioutWaveform in, be charged as the direct current more smoothed, electric discharge is still high frequency ripple current,
Realize goal of the invention equally.
For convenience, in the application, the lead-out terminal connecting two pins of measured capacitance is referred to as the lead-out terminal of measured capacitance；
First winding 1 and the second winding 2, owing to being Double-wire parallel wound, simply define difference, and both actual windings exchange, not shadow
Ring any function of circuit；
Equally, Same Name of Ends is a definition, and another terminal, the most existing different name end is defined as Same Name of Ends, this replacement
Still can realize the goal of the invention of the present invention.
Below it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as the present invention
Restriction.
For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is also possible to if making
Dry improvements and modifications, as in method two, seal in inductance and change dc source to reduce electric capacity C terminal voltage in dc source
Impact, use P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor, dc source, measured capacitance, diode polarity in turn, these improve and profit
Decorations also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention, the most no longer repeats by embodiment, and protection scope of the present invention should be with claim
Limited range is as the criterion.
Claims (8)
1. a ripple current production method, including dc source, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, a FET, one
Control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance, including plus end and negative terminal, described
Transformer includes the first winding and the second winding, and the first described winding and the second described winding are Double-wire parallel wound, and described
There is a magnetic core with air gap in transformer, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole, connects into as follows
Ripple current generation circuit:
The lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance and described inductance are in parallel with described dc source after connecting；
After first windings in series of described FET and described transformer in parallel with the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance；
After second winding of described transformer and described Diode series in parallel with the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance；
The described FET described in control circuit for pulse-width modulation driving, is operated on off state, described pulse width modulation controlled
The maximum duty cycle of circuit is less than 0.5；
And connection to ensure the following course of work: when described FET turns on, the terminal voltage of described measured capacitance, pass through
First winding of described transformer is swashed by lead-out terminal and the most fully on described FET of described measured capacitance
Magnetic, in described FET turn on process, described diode is not turned on；
During then described FET cut-off, the freewheel current of the second winding of described transformer by described diode,
The lead-out terminal of measured capacitance is to described measured capacitance charging, and described diode is in the conduction state；
The output duty cycle of the control circuit for pulse-width modulation described in regulation, obtains different high frequency ripple electricity in described measured capacitance
Stream.
2. a ripple current production method, including dc source, the first electric capacity, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, one
Effect pipe, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance, including plus end and negative terminal
Son, described transformer includes the first winding and the second winding, and the first described winding and the second described winding are Double-wire parallel wound,
And described transformer exists a magnetic core with air gap, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole, by following side
Method connect into ripple current produce circuit:
Described dc source and the first described electric capacity are in parallel, the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance and the series connection of described inductance
In parallel with the first described electric capacity afterwards；
After first windings in series of described FET and described transformer in parallel with the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance；
After second winding of described transformer and described Diode series in parallel with the first described electric capacity；
The described FET described in control circuit for pulse-width modulation driving, is operated on off state, described pulse width modulation controlled
The maximum duty cycle of circuit is less than 0.5；
And connection to ensure the following course of work: when described FET turns on, the terminal voltage of described measured capacitance, pass through
First winding of described transformer is swashed by lead-out terminal and the most fully on described FET of described measured capacitance
Magnetic, during this, described diode is not turned on；
During then described FET cut-off, the freewheel current of the second winding of described transformer by described diode to
The first described electric capacity charging, described diode is in the conduction state；
The output duty cycle of the control circuit for pulse-width modulation described in regulation, obtains different high frequency ripple electricity in described measured capacitance
Stream.
Ripple current production method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the output voltage of described dc source
Adjustable.
Ripple current production method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the first winding of described transformer and institute
The second winding stated synchronously has more than one tap.
Ripple current production method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the distance of described magnetic core air gap is adjustable.
Ripple current production method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described FET is N-channel type
Metal-oxide-semiconductor, the drain electrode of described N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of the first winding of described transformer, described N
The negative terminal of the lead-out terminal described in source electrode connection of channel-type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the grid of described N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor connects described
The output of control circuit for pulse-width modulation.
7. ripple current produces a circuit, including dc source, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, a FET, for
N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance, including anode
Son and negative terminal, described transformer includes that the first winding and the second winding, the first described winding with the second described winding are
Double-wire parallel wound, and described transformer one magnetic core with air gap of existence, the output of described dc source has positive pole and negative pole,
Annexation is:
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance is connected with one end of described inductance, described measured capacitance defeated
Going out the negative pole of the dc source described in negative terminal connection of terminal, the dc source described in other end connection of described inductance is just
Pole；
The drain electrode of described N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of the first winding of described transformer, described N-channel
The source electrode of type metal-oxide-semiconductor connect described in the negative terminal of lead-out terminal of measured capacitance, the first winding of described transformer of the same name
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of the measured capacitance described in end connection；
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance is also connected with the different name end of the second winding of described transformer, described
The Same Name of Ends of the second winding of transformer connect described in the negative electrode of diode, the anode of described diode connect described in tested
The negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of electric capacity, the N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor described in output connection of described control circuit for pulse-width modulation
Grid, the negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of the measured capacitance described in ground connection of described control circuit for pulse-width modulation.
8. ripple current produce a circuit, including dc source, the first electric capacity, an inductance, a transformer, a diode, one
Effect pipe, for N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor, a control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and connect the lead-out terminal of two pins of measured capacitance,
Including plus end and negative terminal, described transformer includes the first winding and the second winding, the first described winding and described the
Two windings are Double-wire parallel wound, and described transformer exists a magnetic core with air gap, and the output of described dc source just has
Pole and negative pole, annexation is:
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of described measured capacitance is connected with one end of described inductance, described measured capacitance defeated
Going out the negative pole of the dc source described in negative terminal connection of terminal, the dc source described in other end connection of described inductance is just
Pole, described dc source and the first described electric capacity are in parallel；
The drain electrode of described N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the different name end of the first winding of described transformer, described N-channel
The source electrode of type metal-oxide-semiconductor connect described in the negative terminal of lead-out terminal of measured capacitance, the first winding of described transformer of the same name
The plus end of the lead-out terminal of the measured capacitance described in end connection；
The positive pole of described dc source is also connected with the different name end of the second winding of described transformer, the second of described transformer
The negative electrode of the diode described in Same Name of Ends connection of winding, the output of the measured capacitance described in anode connection of described diode
The negative terminal of son, the grid of the N-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor described in output connection of described control circuit for pulse-width modulation, described
The negative terminal of the lead-out terminal of the measured capacitance described in ground connection of control circuit for pulse-width modulation.
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| CN105676936B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-03-22 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Ripple current generating circuit |
| CN105676937B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-03-22 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Ripple current generating circuit |
| CN106292820B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-09-08 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | A kind of ripple current generation circuit |
| CN110275124B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-04-13 | 西安交通大学 | Direct-current superposition ripple generation circuit for MMC submodule capacitor test |
| CN109217428A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-15 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | A kind of current control method and the battery fast charge circuit using this method |
| CN109613365B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-01-29 | 中南大学 | Electrolytic capacitor state online evaluation method and system |
| AT523095A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Coupling device for coupling in a ripple current, test system and coupling method |
| CN113685996B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-05-16 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Control method of air conditioner compressor and air conditioner |
| WO2022040908A1 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-03 | Astec International Limited | Bulk capacitor heating circuits in electrical power converters |
| CN112803935A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | High-frequency current circuit |
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| CN1740935A (en) * | 2004-08-28 | 2006-03-01 | 顾飞 | Switch type DC voltage-stabilizing circuit |
| US20080025052A1 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2008-01-31 | Sony Corporation | Switching power supply circuit |
| US8310172B2 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2012-11-13 | Linear Technology Corporation | Current ripple reduction circuit for LEDs |
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