CN104852560B - The optimization method of stress equilibrium and the Switching Power Supply of this method is applicable in Switching Power Supply - Google Patents
The optimization method of stress equilibrium and the Switching Power Supply of this method is applicable in Switching Power Supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The optimization method of stress equilibrium in a kind of Switching Power Supply, energy match relation including setting up the first electric capacity, inductance and transformer by the first diode, i.e. when switching tube turns on, the energized circuit of inductance and the energized circuit of transformer are separated by the first diode, when switching tube turns off, inductance and transformer are connected by the first diode, with in half of power frequency period, first electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, do not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on period；And first electric capacity charging period mean power and the first electric capacity discharge period mean power be considered as it is identical；According to the energy match relation of inductance and the first electric capacity and transformer, with conservation of energy principle, the parameter selection range of inductance is calculated by the capacitance of the first electric capacity, transformer turns ratio and source side winding sensibility reciprocal.Relative to prior art, the present invention balances the voltage stress of each component, so as to reduce the electromagnetic interference caused by big voltage change ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of design method of power circuit, more particularly to a kind of primary side is third-order system (main power
In the presence of two magnetic elements and a capacitive element) Switching Power Supply in the optimization method of stress equilibrium and opening for applicable this method
Powered-down source.
Background technology
Power supply is to convert electrical energy into the various forms of circuit arrangements as needed for electrical equipment, and it is all to lean on electric energy work
The power producer of the device of work.Direct-current switch power supply is that the transformation of electrical energy that a kind of on-off circuit using Duty ratio control is formed fills
Put, be widely used in the every field such as life, production, scientific research, military affairs.
What the electric capacity for Switching Power Supply prime was typically chosen is alminium electrolytic condenser, and alminium electrolytic condenser has that cost is low, body
Product it is small, rated insulation voltage is high the advantages that and by wide selection.However, because alminium electrolytic condenser is using the suction for being soaked with paste electrolyte
Water folder winds among two aluminium foils and formed, when stored between too long, leakage current increase after its internal electrolyte volatilization, etc.
Imitate series resistance (ESR：Equivalent Series Resistance) it is consequently increased, therefore alminium electrolytic condenser service life
General only 2 to three years, and the characteristic of electrolyte can be influenceed in the case of high/low temperature, thus alminium electrolytic condenser to temperature nor
It is often sensitive.
To reduce the pollution of electronic equipment internal Switching Power On Electric Net, International Electrotechnical Commission and some countries and regions
The standards such as IEC1000-3-2 and EN61000-3-2 are proposed, limitation regulation has been made to current harmonics.To meet input current
Harmonic requirement, maximally effective technological means is with regard to APFC, and be born a series of raising power factor
Circuit (PFC：Power Factor Correction write a Chinese character in simplified form), the active PFC technologies widely used at present are two-step schemes,
These circuits solve the problems, such as that power supply PF values are low well, and the PF values of circuit can reach more than 0.9, but this is undoubtedly added
Circuit system and the complexity of control, add cost, and have impact on the conversion efficiency of power supply, little particularly in power
Occasion, shortcoming are more prominent.
Current exchange turns all essential electrochemical capacitor for having a high-voltage large-capacity in direct current topology and carries out low frequency filter
Ripple, but this electrochemical capacitor has a series of shortcoming, such as：Life-span, property at high and low temperature etc., and have an effect on the PF of Switching Power Supply
It is worth (power factor：Power Factor write a Chinese character in simplified form), etc. these all govern the development of Switching Power Supply.
It is well known that flyback topologies are the isolated forms of Buck-boost circuits, middle low power is typically widely used in
Occasion, it has circuit structure simple, and component is few, the advantages that being easy to multiple-channel output, and Fig. 1 shows traditional flyback topologies electricity
Road, including rectifier bridge, input filter capacitor C1, transformer T1, switching tube Q1, the drive circuit of switching tube, output filter capacitor
Co, output commutation diode D1.After input voltage is by rectifier bridge, high level part is connected with input capacitance C1 positive poles, typically
High level part is referred to as busbar voltage, and low level part is connected with input capacitance C1 negative pole, and low level part is generally referred to as to become
Parallel operation primary side, busbar voltage is connected with transformer T1 inputs, and transformer T1 inputs Same Name of Ends and is connected with switching tube Q1 drain electrodes,
Switching tube Q1 source electrode is connected with converter primary side, and transformer output Same Name of Ends is connected with the anode of output diode, exports
Diode cathode connect output capacitance positive pole, the output of converter another output end is connected with transformer, the electric capacity other end
It is connected with output.The course of work of circuit is as follows：
When switching tube Q1 is turned on, transformer T1 primary currents are in the presence of input voltage, linear rise.Primary
Voltage induced is to secondary so that commutation diode reversely ends, and the output voltage of power supply provides supply by output filter capacitor Co.
When switching tube Q1 is turned off, transformer primary current is forced to turn off, and because inductive current can not be mutated, therefore produces one in primary side
Individual induced electromotive force.According to the law of electromagnetic induction, when the induced electromotive force of secondary reaches output voltage, secondary commutation diode
Conducting.The energy that primary inductance stores when switching tube is opened, secondary inductance is coupled to by magnetic core, then passes through secondary coil
It is discharged into output capacitance Co.
Known by above-mentioned analysis, the magnetic core of the high frequency transformer of common reverse exciting switching voltage regulator is operated in the of hysteresis curve
One quadrant, during switching tube turns on, transformer only stores energy, and will just be stored up during cut-off in primary coil
The energy transmission deposited is to secondary, therefore it is both transformer, is energy storage inductor again.It is worth noting that, lead in this process
Cross that the sense of current of transformer is constant, stem opens certain air gap and can reduce remnant field, improve the DC fields of magnetic core wherein
By force, magnetic core saturation is prevented.And leakage field phenomenon can be caused by so holding air gap, so as to add the leakage inductance of transformer, energy is caused to damage
Consumption.The input capacitance capacitance of common circuit of reversed excitation requires very big, inevitably introduces defect caused by electrochemical capacitor.And
And the output of power supply is only transmitted by the energy storage of flyback transformer, the primary side DC component of transformer is larger, it is therefore desirable to magnetic core
Certain air gap is opened, so as to which transformer leakage inductance is just very big, loss is very big.
Current no electrolytic capacitor technology is mostly used for LED driving lighting fields, and LED drive power can not meet work
The performance requirement of industry power supply, industrial load will be higher by much to the performance requirement of power supply than LED to the performance requirement of power supply, and
LED illumination is constant current output with power supply, and industrial power requirement exports for constant pressure, the output voltage meeting when inputting steamed bun ripple trough
There is larger fluctuation, i.e. converter can not eliminate so big Hz noise, and output has larger ripple.Furthermore current
The input range of no electrolytic capacitor power supply does not reach the requirement of industrial power yet.
Design Switching Power Supply is a process full of contradictions, fish and bear's paw is unable to have both at one and the same time, it is necessary to the various indexs of balanced compromise,
Such as the folding of the compromise of the compromise of steady-state behaviour and dynamic property, power density and reliability, small-signal performance and large-signal performance
Compromise of the compromise between design trade-off, electrical property and hot property, critical component under middle and high low temperature etc., there is it certainly
Compromise in terms of him, all these most basic or critical component compromises of compromising, the selection of some main power devices are closed
Be to whole Switching Power Supply can normal work and Switching Power Supply performance optimization, for example the voltage that main power device is born should
Power, current stress and magnetic stress etc..In the design of common Switching Power Supply, such as the design of power transformer, first have to optimize
The turn ratio of transformer, the turn ratio of transformer are related to the voltage stress of input switch pipe and the voltage stress of output diode,
The voltage stress of switching tube is also relevant with the leakage inductance of transformer, is leaked it is desirable to the leakage inductance of transformer is the smaller the better, but realizing
While feeling minimum, often increase the distribution capacity between winding, this would generally increase common mode EMI interference and reduce safety
Property.In addition, the compromise such as driving force.In order to reduce device for power switching (MOSFET) switching loss, it is desirable to which it was switched
Cheng Jinliang is short, and this can drive resistance to realize by reducing gate leve, but while switching speed improves, often increase power supply
Common mode EMI so that EMI characteristics be deteriorated.
It is 201410822779.5 in number of patent application《A kind of power circuit》Chinese patent prospectus is shown
A kind of brand-new topology of Switching Power Supply, its topological circuit structure are as shown in Figure 2.In patent《A kind of power circuit》In the electricity that shows
In the topology of road, there is two perceptual devices --- inductance and transformer in its main loop of power circuit, with a capacitive device.It is existing at present
The design method of Switching Power Supply topology be not suitable for brand-new topology in above patent, and rational inductance, electric capacity with
The design of transformer can widen the input voltage range of Switching Power Supply, reduce output ripple.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of design that can solve the problem that two inductive elements and a capacitive element to balance,
Power output meets to reduce the capacitance of input stage electric capacity on the basis of requiring as far as possible so that this is new topological to be designed with theory
According to that can follow, the design difficulty of the first electric capacity, inductance, transformer can be also reduced, it is often more important that balance each component
Voltage stress, so as to reduce the electromagnetic interference caused by big voltage change ratio, stress is reduced to improve overall efficiency
The optimization method of stress equilibrium in Switching Power Supply.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures：
The optimization method of stress equilibrium in a kind of Switching Power Supply, including flyback electricity is calculated according to the requirement of the stress of switching tube
Transformer turns ratio in road；The primary side winding sensibility reciprocal of transformer in circuit of reversed excitation is calculated according to the first electric capacity, in addition to by first
Diode sets up the energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and transformer, i.e., when switching tube turns on, passes through the first diode
The energized circuit of inductance and the energized circuit of transformer are separated, when switching tube turns off, inductance is connected with becoming by the first diode
Depressor, so that in half of power frequency period, the first electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, is not charged period in the first electric capacity,
That is, first diode be not turned on period；And first electric capacity charging period mean power and the first electric capacity do not charge being averaged of period
Power is considered as identical；According to the energy match relation of inductance and the first electric capacity and transformer, with conservation of energy principle, by the first electricity
Capacitance, transformer turns ratio and the primary side winding sensibility reciprocal of appearance calculate the parameter selection range of inductance；The parameter for calculating inductance
The relationship of selection range is as follows, according to the AC-input voltage value range [Vinmin, Vinmax] of design requirement, according to formulaThe average voltage that the first electric capacity both ends are calculated is Vcdc_ave, wherein VminFor the first electric capacity two
The minimum voltage at end；The energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and the transformer established according to the first diode, half of power frequency week
In phase, the first electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, is not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on
Period, according to formula
Showing that the mean power Pave in period of not charged in the first electric capacity, wherein t are the time of the first electric capacity charging, f is power frequency period,
E1Do not charged the energy that period transmits to transformer for the first electric capacity, CDCFor the capacitance of the first electric capacity；First electric capacity charges period
Mean power and the first electric capacity do not charge period mean power be considered as it is identical, according to formula E2=Pave× t, draws first
The ENERGY E 2 that electric capacity charging period transmits to transformer；According to formulaDraw in half of power frequency period and become
The power P in_c of depressor transmission；According to formulaDraw average duty ratio Dave；According to formulaIt is calculated the sensibility reciprocal of inductance, wherein η is the first electric capacity to the efficiency of transformer transmission energy, fs
For the working frequency of Switching Power Supply, LpFor transformer primary side sensibility reciprocal, PinFor input power.
The present invention also provides a kind of Switching Power Supply, including rectifier bridge, the first electric capacity, inductance, circuit of reversed excitation and the second electric capacity,
The rectifier bridge has positive output end and negative output terminal, and first electric capacity is parallel to the positive output end and negative output terminal of rectifier bridge
Between；The primary side winding of the primary circuit of the circuit of reversed excitation including transformer, first switch pipe and driving first switch pipe
Drive module, in addition to the first diode and by the anode clamper of the first diode the negative output terminal current potential of rectifier bridge clamper
Circuit, the clamp circuit, it is made up of second switch pipe, the specific annexation of the switching power circuit is, rectifier bridge
One end of positive output end and inductance connects, the other end of inductance respectively with the drain electrode of second switch pipe and the anode of the first diode
Connection, the source electrode of second switch pipe and the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge connect；The negative electrode of first diode respectively with the second electric capacity
The drain electrode connection of one end and first switch pipe, the source electrode of first switch pipe and the Same Name of Ends of primary side winding connect, primary side winding
Different name end is connected with the other end of the second electric capacity；The Same Name of Ends of primary side winding is also connected with the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge；Second opens
Close pipe and use same drive module with first switch pipe；First diode separates/connected the loop of inductance and transformer, i.e.,
When first switch pipe and second switch pipe turn on, inductance forms the energized circuit of inductance through second switch pipe；Meanwhile second is electric
Hold the primary side winding through transformer, first switch pipe form transformer energized circuit, now the first diode separate inductance with
The loop of transformer；When first switch pipe and second switch pipe turn off, the first diode connection inductance and transformer, formed single
One current loop, the energy transfer that inductance and transformer are stored in the excitation stage are exported, i.e., built by the first diode
Erect the energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and transformer.
Preferably, the energy match relation of first electric capacity, inductance and transformer, shows as following mathematical relationship, i.e.,
The span of first electric capacity, transformer and inductance can estimate value successively by equation below, according to the exchange of design requirement
Input voltage range value [Vinmin, Vinmax], according to formulaThe first electric capacity two is calculated
The average voltage at end is Vcdc_ave, wherein VminFor the minimum voltage at the first electric capacity both ends；The first electricity established according to the first diode
The energy match relation of appearance, inductance and transformer, in half of power frequency period, when the first electric capacity is divided into charging period and do not charged
Phase, do not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on period, according to formula Draw the average work(in period of not charged in the first electric capacity
Rate Pave, wherein t are the time of the first electric capacity charging, and f is power frequency period, E1For the first electric capacity do not charge period to transformer pass
Defeated energy, CDCFor the capacitance of the first electric capacity；The mean power in the first electric capacity charging period does not charge period with the first electric capacity
Mean power be considered as it is identical, according to formula E2=Pave× t, draw the first electric capacity ENERGY E 2 for being transmitted to transformer of charging period；
According to formulaDraw the power P in_c that transformer transmits in half of power frequency period；According to formulaDraw average duty ratio Dave；According to formulaThe sense of inductance is calculated
Amount, wherein η are the first electric capacity to the efficiency of transformer transmission energy, fsFor the working frequency of Switching Power Supply, LpFor transformer primary side
Sensibility reciprocal, PinFor input power.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) two perception members for reducing Switching Power Supply input capacitance (bus capacitor) capacitance can accurately be drawn by calculating
The sensibility reciprocal span of device；
(2) device selection is carried out according to the parameter value calculated, it is general effectively reduces the occurrence of starting shooting burner part
Rate；
(3) parameter of each component calculates more close with actual conditions, and convenient to power-efficient etc., other performances are entered
Row optimization；
(4) it can effectively shorten the construction cycle, reduce cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows traditional flyback topologies circuit；
Fig. 2 is the simple topology unit signal for the Chinese patent that number of patent application is 201410822779.5；
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of the Switching Power Supply of first embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the first electric capacity both end voltage waveform and rectification bridge output end voltage waveform；
Fig. 5 is that the Switching Power Supply of first embodiment of the invention is on period, the current direction of circuit in switching tube Q1
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the Switching Power Supply of first embodiment of the invention is off period, the current direction of circuit in switching tube Q1
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the output ripple oscillogram of the Switching Power Supply of first embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the Switching Power Supply of second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
First embodiment
Fig. 3 show the circuit theory diagrams of first embodiment of the invention Switching Power Supply, a kind of Switching Power Supply, including rectifier bridge
101st, the first electric capacity C1, Boost circuit, first switch pipe Q1, the second electric capacity CDC, circuit of reversed excitation, Boost circuit bag
Include inductance L1, second switch pipe Q2, the first diode D1；Circuit of reversed excitation includes the first transformer T1, output diode Do (outputs
Commutation diode), the 3rd electric capacity Co (output capacitance).Described rectifier bridge 101 AC rectification into Rectified alternating current, first
Electric capacity C1 both ends are connected respectively to the positive output end and negative output terminal of rectifier bridge 101；Described Boost circuit is by rectification
The output voltage rise of bridge 101, the positive output end of rectifier bridge 101 connect one end of inductance L1 in Boost circuit, inductance L1
The other end be connected to second switch pipe Q2 drain electrode, and be connected with the first diode D1 anode, second switch pipe Q2 source
Pole is connected with the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge 101；First switch pipe Q1 drain electrode is connected with the first diode D1 negative electrode, and with
Two electric capacity CDCOne end be connected, first switch pipe Q1 source electrode is connected with the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge 101；Described circuit of reversed excitation
In, the second electric capacity CDCThe other end be connected with transformer T1 primary side winding different name end, transformer T1 primary side winding Same Name of Ends
It is connected with the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge 101, transformer T1 vice-side winding different name end is with described output commutation diode Do's
Anode is connected, after described output commutation diode Do negative electrode is connected with described output filter capacitor Co positive poles, as electricity
The positive pole of source output, described output filter capacitor Co negative pole is connected with transformer T1 vice-side winding Same Name of Ends, as power supply
The negative pole of output.
The operation principle of first embodiment of the invention Switching Power Supply：
It is single to use word description principle, those skilled in the art can be allowed to understand difficult, so, use principle figure please be allow,
The signal stream commonly used in electronic engineering is coordinated always to illustrate the operation principle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is by above-mentioned technical scheme, and the simple topology unit and component units schematic diagram drawn out, one kind switch
Power supply, including rectifier bridge 101, voltage-multiplying circuit 102, drive circuit 103, circuit of reversed excitation 104, rectifier bridge 101 is AC rectification
Into Rectified alternating current, the waveform of Rectified alternating current is as shown in Figure 4；Drive circuit 103 by some characteristics of control circuit simultaneously
Switch tube Q1 and switching tube Q2 carries out Duty ratio control, that is, switching tube Q1 and the public control signal of Q2；Voltage-multiplying circuit
102 include diode D1, inductance L1 and switching tube Q2, and inductance storage energy is controlled with releasing energy by the break-make of switching tube,
The electric capacity C energy supposition input voltage of release being sent in circuit of reversed excitation 104DCOn；Circuit of reversed excitation includes bus capacitor
CDC, switching tube Q1, transformer, output commutation diode Do, output filter capacitor.
It is assumed that two described switching tubes Q1, Q2 are N-MOS pipes, with the inductance L1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 and flyback electricity
Transformer T1 in road is operated under discontinuous mode progress principle explanation, then Switching Power Supply of the present invention a cycle in the steady state
Operation principle be：
(1) N-MOS pipes Q1 turns on Q2：
When N-MOS pipes Q1 turns on Q2, N-MOS pipes Q1 and equivalent to one wire of Q2, Fig. 5 show the stream of now electric current
To being returned to whole from the inductance L1 → the switching tube Q2 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 → of output just → voltage-multiplying circuit 102 of rectifier bridge 101
The output negative pole of bridge 101 is flowed, specific current direction is as shown in dotted line 301 in Fig. 5.In addition, power supply primary side also has an electricity
Road is flowed back to, from bus capacitor CDCThe transformer primary side winding of N-MOS pipes Q1 → circuit of reversed excitation 104 of positive pole → circuit of reversed excitation 104
→ return to the bus capacitor C of circuit of reversed excitation 104DCNegative pole, specific current direction is as shown in dotted line 302 in Fig. 5.Now transformer
Carry out energy stores, power supply vice-side winding relies on the electric energy that stores in output capacitance Co, dotted line in specific current direction such as Fig. 5
Shown in 303.
In this process, the electric current for flowing through inductance L1 is started from scratch linear rise, and inductance L1 starts energy storage；Flyback simultaneously
Bus capacitor C in circuitDCDischarged by N-MOS pipes Q1 to transformer T1 primary side, the electric currents of transformer T1 primary side windings from
Zero starts linear rise, the sense of current of transformer T1 primary side windings：Primary side different name end is flowed to from primary side Same Name of Ends, and to transformation
Device T1 primary side winding is excitatory and stores energy by transformer T1 primary side winding；At this moment transformer T1 vice-side winding induces
Positive induced voltage under above bearing, as symbol logo in Fig. 5, the turn ratio, primary side winding of this induced voltage and transformer T1
Voltage is relevant, and under the effect of this voltage, diode Do is reverse-biased, is not turned on.
Because the energized circuit of two inductive elements separates, the electric current for flowing through each switching device is reduced, therefore can be selected
With the lower switching device of power grade, so just reduce the loss of switching device, improve the efficiency of complete machine power supply.
(2) N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q2 is then turned off：
Finished when N-MOS pipes Q1 turns on Q2, then during rapid shut-off, now N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q2 is equivalent to open circuit, figure
6 show current direction now, from inductance L1 → voltage-multiplying circuit 102 of output just → voltage-multiplying circuit 102 of rectifier bridge 101
Bus capacitor C in diode D1 → circuit of reversed excitationDC→ the transformer primary side winding of circuit of reversed excitation 104 → returns to rectifier bridge 101
Output negative pole, specific current direction is as shown in dotted line 304 in Fig. 6.Now transformer carries out energy release, transformer T1 pair
Side winding induces just lower negative induced voltage, and electric current is from the different name end of transformer T1 vice-side windings outflow → through circuit of reversed excitation
Commutation diode Do in 104 → being released energy to load and output capacitance Co → returns to the of the same name of transformer T1 vice-side windings
End, specific current direction is as shown in the dotted line 305 in Fig. 6.
In this process, the inductance L1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 induces left negative right positive induced electricity due to current break
Kinetic potential, such as symbol logo in Fig. 6, therefore the induced electromotive force of the output voltage of rectifier bridge 101 and inductance L1 can be regarded as
Bus capacitor C of the sum into circuit of reversed excitation 104DCCharged with transformer T1 primary side, now transformer T1 primary side winding electricity
Direction is flowed from primary side different name end to Same Name of Ends, therefore transformer T1 vice-side winding induces just lower negative induced voltage, such as Fig. 6
As middle symbol represents.
Simultaneously as transformer T1 stores energy in N-MOS pipe Q1 turn on period, during N-MOS pipes Q1 is turned off to
Load provides energy, equivalent to the transformer in the inductance in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 and circuit of reversed excitation 104, is turned off in N-MOS pipes Q1
Period provides energy for load simultaneously.
Circuit just enters resonant condition after inductance L1 and transformer T1 energy release, the switching tube added
Q2 mainly separates inductance L1, transformer T1 and the resonant tank of diode D1 junction capacity, and the resonant tank of inductance includes：
Input capacitance C1, inductance L1 are in itself and switching tube Q2, the resonant tank of transformer T1 primary sides include：Switching tube Q1, transformer T1
Primary side winding and bus capacitor CDC.If there is no switching tube Q2, born when the inductance L1 resonance in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 a to left side is just right,
And input voltage, when being less than its induced voltage, just there is negative pressure in the anode of the diode D1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102, then two poles
Just there is high stress in pipe D1 both ends.After switching tube Q2 is added, the anode of the diode D1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 will be clamped
Position the high stress problem at diode D1 both ends would not so occur in zero volt.In other words, the inductance L1 energy in current loop
After amount release, clamp circuit is by the minimum voltage clamper of diode D1 anodes in rectifier bridge negative output terminal current potential so that two
Pole pipe D1 voltage stress is identical with switching tube Q1 voltage stress, wherein, switching tube Q1 voltage stress refers to its drain-source
The voltage that interpolar is born.
In order to realize overpower control, current sampling resistor is sealed under N-MOS pipes Q1 source electrode, sampled signal is sent into
Drive circuit controls drive signal；In order to realize closed-loop control, sample output voltage in output end and drive is sent into by feedback circuit
Dynamic circuit, control the dutycycle of drive signal.
The Thoughts on Optimized Design of each Primary Component is in Switching Power Supply of the present invention：Required first according to the stress of switching tube
(including the application of drop volume) calculates the transformer turns ratio in circuit of reversed excitation, is then calculated in circuit of reversed excitation and become according to the first electric capacity
The primary side winding sensibility reciprocal of depressor, the parameter selection range of inductance and the first electric capacity is then calculated according to the conservation of energy.Wherein become
The turn ratio of depressor is identical with the computational methods of common flyback with the computational methods of transformer primary side sensibility reciprocal, calculating transformer primary side sense
Amount needs to define the voltage ripple of the first electric capacity, will not be repeated here, the calculating process of inductance in main explanation topology.
Assuming that the working frequency of Switching Power Supply is fs, power frequency period f, AC-input voltage scope is [Vinmin,Vinmax],
The capacitance C of first electric capacityDC, input power Pin, the first electric capacity is η to the efficiency of transformer transmission energy, and electric capacity both ends are most
Low-voltage is Vmin, the transformer primary side sensibility reciprocal calculated is Lp.Known by Fig. 2 topological circuit, the dutycycle of power work
Only relevant with the voltage at the first electric capacity both ends, the average duty ratio of Switching Power Supply is D when setting power input low pressureave, the first electricity
Hold the voltage waveform at both ends as shown in figure 4, the voltage waveform at the first electric capacity both ends is top half approximate sine wave in figure, lower half
Partly approximate sawtooth waveforms, sawtooth waveforms is conveniently regarded as calculating herein, the average voltage at the first electric capacity both ends is
Vcdc_ave, then have：
Voltage waveform after the voltage waveform and rectifier bridge at the first electric capacity both ends is as shown in figure 4, in half of power frequency period
Interior, the first electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, and the time of the first electric capacity charging is represented by：
Therefore, do not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on period, electric capacity transmits to transformer
Energy is represented by：
The mean power in period of not charged in the first electric capacity can be drawn：
First electric capacity charging period mean power and the first electric capacity do not charge period mean power be considered as it is identical, then
It can show that the first electric capacity energy for being transmitted to transformer of charging period is：
E2=Pave×t (5)
The power of transformer transmission is in half of power frequency period：
It can thus be concluded that going out average duty ratio and being
The sensibility reciprocal of inductance is：
According to the Optimization Design of Switching Power Supply of the present invention, the working frequency of configuration switch power supply is 65KHz, and power frequency is all
Phase is 20mS, and AC-input voltage scope is [85V, 264V], the capacitance 1uF of the first electric capacity, input power 4W, the first electric capacity
CDCIt is 0.75 to the efficiency of transformer transmission energy, the minimum voltage at the first electric capacity both ends is 50V, passes through common circuit of reversed excitation
Computational methods, the primary side sensibility reciprocal for drawing transformer is 1.5mH, brings above-mentioned parameter into formula 1 --- formula 8, inductance L1 can be drawn
Value.
Actually the final value of parameter is that transformer sensibility reciprocal is 1.5mH, and inductance sensibility reciprocal is 968uH, now in low pressure 85VAC
On the basis of input, the minimum voltage of the bus capacitor measured is in 50V or so, result of calculation and Theoretical Design result very phase
Seemingly.Compared to leaning on commissioning experience and examination parameter to make great progress before, theoretical and actual combination is accomplished.
Through being 85VAC~264VAC to input service voltage range, output voltage 15V, power output is that 3W has electricity
Solve electric capacity industrial power and tested using the sample of first embodiment of the invention scheme, what is measured under low pressure input condition is defeated
Go out ripple waveform as shown in fig. 7, peak-to-peak value is within 100mV, meet industrial power requirement.
Second embodiment
Circuit shown in Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the Switching Power Supply of second embodiment of the invention, a kind of Switching Power Supply, with
It is in place of the difference of first embodiment：Change the switching tube Q2 in first embodiment into diode D2, specific connected mode
It is expressed as follows：
The secondary of embodiment two is identical with first embodiment, and the rectification circuit and circuit of reversed excitation structure of primary side are also identical, therefore
It will not be repeated here, in place of mainly illustrating the two difference --- voltage-multiplying circuit, inductance L1 one end connection is whole in voltage-multiplying circuit
The positive output end of bridge is flowed, the inductance L1 other end connects the second diode D2 negative electrode in voltage-multiplying circuit, and connects the one or two pole
Pipe D1 anode, the negative output terminal of the second diode D2 anode connection rectifier bridge, the first diode D1 negative electrode connection first
The drain electrode of switching tube and the second electric capacity CDC one end, the second electric capacity CDC other end and the different name end phase of transformer primary side winding
Even.
It is assumed that component is ideal component in described circuit, with the inductance L1 in voltage-multiplying circuit and circuit of reversed excitation
Transformer T1 is operated under discontinuous mode progress principle explanation, then the operation principle of a cycle in the steady state：
(1) N-MOS pipes Q1 is turned on：
When N-MOS pipes Q1 is turned on, equivalent to one wire of N-MOS pipes Q1, the now flow direction of electric current：From rectifier bridge 101
Output just → voltage-multiplying circuit 103 inductance L1 → voltage-multiplying circuit 103 in diode D1 → voltage-multiplying circuit 103 in switching tube
The output negative pole of Q1 → return to rectifier bridge 101.In addition, main primary also has a current loop, from bus capacitor CDC just
The N-MOS pipes Q1 → the transformer T1 primary side windings of circuit of reversed excitation 104 → of pole → circuit of reversed excitation 104 returns to circuit of reversed excitation 104
Bus capacitor CDC negative pole.Now transformer T1 carries out energy stores, and power supply vice-side winding relies on what is stored in output capacitance Co
Electric energy.
In this process, the electric current for flowing through inductance L1 is started from scratch linear rise, and inductance L1 starts energy storage；Flyback simultaneously
Bus capacitor in circuit is discharged by N-MOS pipes Q1 to transformer primary side, and the electric current of transformer T1 primary side windings is started from scratch
Linear rise, the sense of current of transformer T1 primary side windings：Primary side different name end is flowed to from primary side Same Name of Ends, and to transformer T1's
Primary side winding is excitatory and stores energy by transformer T1 primary side winding；At this moment transformer T1 vice-side winding induce it is negative under
Positive induced voltage, this induced voltage and transformer the T1 turn ratio, primary side winding voltage are relevant, under the effect of this voltage,
Diode Do is reverse-biased, is not turned on.
(2) N-MOS pipes Q1 is then turned off：
When N-MOS pipes Q1 conductings finish, then during rapid shut-off, now N-MOS pipes Q1 is equivalent to open circuit, electric current now
Flow direction：Diode D1 → flyback from inductance L1 → voltage-multiplying circuit 103 of output just → voltage-multiplying circuit 103 of rectifier bridge 101
Bus capacitor CDC in circuit → the transformer primary side winding of circuit of reversed excitation 104 → returns to the output negative pole of rectifier bridge 101.This
When transformer T1 carry out energy release, transformer T1 vice-side winding induces just lower negative induced voltage, and electric current is from transformation
The different name end outflow → through commutation diode Do in circuit of reversed excitation 104 → of device T1 vice-side windings is released to load and output capacitance Co
The Same Name of Ends of exoergic amount → return to transformer T1 vice-side windings.
In this process, the inductance L1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 103 induces left negative right positive induced electricity due to current break
Kinetic potential, therefore mother of the output voltage of rectifier bridge 101 with inductance L1 induced electromotive force sum into circuit of reversed excitation 104 can be regarded as
Line capacitance CDC and transformer T1 primary side charge, and now the transformer T1 primary side winding sense of current is from primary side different name end to same
Name end, therefore transformer T1 vice-side winding induces just lower negative induced voltage.
Simultaneously as transformer T1 stores energy in N-MOS pipe Q1 turn on period, during N-MOS pipes Q1 is turned off to
Load provides energy, equivalent to the transformer T1 in the inductance L1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 103 and circuit of reversed excitation 104, in N-MOS pipes Q1
There is provided energy simultaneously for load during shut-off, therefore when transformer T1 and inductance L1 can be less than working independently under same power
Design standard, this is that existing topology can not accomplish.Circuit just enters after inductance L1 and transformer T1 energy release
Resonant condition is entered, the diode D2 added is mainly by the anode potential clamper of diode D1 in voltage-multiplying circuit 102 zero
Volt left and right, without negative pressure, therefore diode D1 stress is still identical with N-MOS pipes Q1 stress, is not in two
Pole pipe D1 high stress phenomenon.In other words, in current loop after the release of inductance L1 energy, clamp circuit is by diode
The minimum voltage clamper of D1 anodes is in rectifier bridge negative output terminal current potential so that diode D1 voltage stress and switching tube Q1 electricity
Compression is identical, wherein, switching tube Q1 voltage stress refers to the voltage that its drain-source interpolar is born.
The calculation and all parameter all sames of second embodiment and first embodiment, by first embodiment
Switching tube Q2, which changes diode D2 into, does not influence the design of circuit parameter, so the result of calculation of circuit parameter and first embodiment phase
Together, will not be repeated here.
It the above is only some embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
The limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Enter and retouch and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the optimization method of stress equilibrium in a kind of Switching Power Supply, including circuit of reversed excitation is calculated according to the requirement of the stress of switching tube
In transformer turns ratio；The primary side winding sensibility reciprocal of transformer in circuit of reversed excitation is calculated according to the first electric capacity, it is characterised in that：Also
Including
The energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and transformer is set up by the first diode, i.e., when switching tube turns on, is led to
Cross the first diode and separate the energized circuit of inductance and the energized circuit of transformer, when switching tube turns off, pass through the one or two pole
Pipe connects inductance and transformer, so that in half of power frequency period, the first electric capacity is divided into charging period and do not charged period, first
Electric capacity does not charge period, that is, the first diode is not turned on period；And first electric capacity charging period mean power with first electricity
Hold do not charge period mean power be considered as it is identical；
According to the energy match relation of inductance and the first electric capacity and transformer, with conservation of energy principle, by the appearance of the first electric capacity
Value, transformer turns ratio and primary side winding sensibility reciprocal calculate the parameter selection range of inductance；
The relationship of the parameter selection range for calculating inductance is as follows,
According to the AC-input voltage value range [Vinmin, Vinmax] of design requirement, according to formula
The average voltage that the first electric capacity both ends are calculated is Vcdc_ave, wherein VminFor the minimum voltage at the first electric capacity both ends；
The energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and the transformer established according to the first diode, in half of power frequency period, the
One electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, is not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on period,
According to formula
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Show that the mean power Pave in period of not charged in the first electric capacity, wherein t are the time of the first electric capacity charging, f is power frequency
Cycle, E1Do not charged the energy that period transmits to transformer for the first electric capacity, CDCFor the capacitance of the first electric capacity；
First electric capacity charging period mean power and the first electric capacity do not charge period mean power be considered as it is identical, according to formula
E2=Pave× t, draw the first electric capacity ENERGY E 2 for being transmitted to transformer of charging period；
According to formulaDraw the power P in_c that transformer transmits in half of power frequency period；
According to formulaDraw average duty ratio Dave；
According to formulaThe sensibility reciprocal of inductance is calculated, wherein η is that the first electric capacity transmits energy to transformer
The efficiency of amount, fsFor the working frequency of Switching Power Supply, LpFor transformer primary side sensibility reciprocal, PinFor input power.
2. Switching Power Supply, including rectifier bridge, the first electric capacity, inductance, circuit of reversed excitation and the second electric capacity, the rectifier bridge has just defeated
Go out end and negative output terminal, first electric capacity are parallel between the positive output end of rectifier bridge and negative output terminal；The circuit of reversed excitation
Primary circuit including transformer primary side winding, first switch pipe and the drive module for driving first switch pipe, its feature exists
In：
Also include the first diode and by the anode clamper of the first diode the negative output terminal current potential of rectifier bridge clamp circuit,
The clamp circuit, it is made up of second switch pipe, the specific annexation of the switching power circuit is the positive output of rectifier bridge
End is connected with one end of inductance, and the other end of inductance is connected with the drain electrode of second switch pipe and the anode of the first diode respectively,
The source electrode of second switch pipe and the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge connect；The negative electrode of first diode respectively with one end of the second electric capacity and
The drain electrode connection of first switch pipe, the source electrode of first switch pipe and the Same Name of Ends of primary side winding connect, the different name end of primary side winding
It is connected with the other end of the second electric capacity；The Same Name of Ends of primary side winding is also connected with the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge；Second switch pipe with
First switch pipe uses same drive module；
First diode separates/connected the loop of inductance and transformer, i.e.,
When first switch pipe and second switch pipe turn on, inductance forms the energized circuit of inductance through second switch pipe；Meanwhile the
Primary side winding of two electric capacity through transformer, first switch pipe form the energized circuit of transformer, and now the first diode separates electricity
Sense and the loop of transformer；
When first switch pipe and second switch pipe turn off, the first diode connection inductance and transformer, form single electric current and return
Road, the energy transfer that inductance and transformer are stored in the excitation stage export, i.e., set up first by the first diode
The energy match relation of electric capacity, inductance and transformer；
The energy match relation of first electric capacity, inductance and transformer, show as following mathematical relationship, i.e. the first electric capacity, transformer
Value can be estimated successively by equation below with the span of inductance,
According to the AC-input voltage value range [Vinmin, Vinmax] of design requirement, according to formula
The average voltage that the first electric capacity both ends are calculated is Vcdc_ave, wherein VminFor the minimum voltage at the first electric capacity both ends；
The energy match relation of the first electric capacity, inductance and the transformer established according to the first diode, in half of power frequency period, the
One electric capacity is divided into charging period and not charged period, is not charged period in the first electric capacity, that is, the first diode is not turned on period,
According to formula
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Show that the mean power Pave in period of not charged in the first electric capacity, wherein t are the time of the first electric capacity charging, f is power frequency
Cycle, E1Do not charged the energy that period transmits to transformer for the first electric capacity, CDCFor the capacitance of the first electric capacity；
First electric capacity charging period mean power and the first electric capacity do not charge period mean power be considered as it is identical, according to formula
E2=Pave× t, draw the first electric capacity ENERGY E 2 for being transmitted to transformer of charging period；
According to formulaDraw the power P in_c that transformer transmits in half of power frequency period；
According to formulaDraw average duty ratio Dave；
According to formulaThe sensibility reciprocal of inductance is calculated, wherein η is that the first electric capacity transmits energy to transformer
The efficiency of amount, fsFor the working frequency of Switching Power Supply, LpFor transformer primary side sensibility reciprocal, PinFor input power.
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| CN105491728B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-05-24 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Direct filtering type switching power supply |
| CN108647420B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-11-19 | 南昌大学 | Method for evaluating actual load carrying capacity of flyback switching power supply |
| CN111030501B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-09-07 | 西南交通大学 | Control method and control device of capacitor charging power supply |
| CN111257612B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-02-25 | 南京瑞控电气有限公司 | Isolation circuit for realizing linear pulse electric quantity based on electromagnetic sensor |
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| CN101051789A (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-10 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Uniderectional DC-DC converter |
| CN101841165A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-22 | 英伟力新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Soft switching control method for flyback single-stage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN101976962A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-02-16 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | AC-DC power switching circuit and repairing and adjusting method thereof |
| CN103516196A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Switching power-supply device |
| CN104578844A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Switching mode power supply circuit |
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| CN101051789A (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-10 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Uniderectional DC-DC converter |
| CN101841165A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-22 | 英伟力新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Soft switching control method for flyback single-stage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN101976962A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-02-16 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | AC-DC power switching circuit and repairing and adjusting method thereof |
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