CN105241810B - Method and device for preparing mural repair material and determining cohesiveness of mural repair material - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing mural repair material and determining cohesiveness of mural repair material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105241810B CN105241810B CN201510650133.8A CN201510650133A CN105241810B CN 105241810 B CN105241810 B CN 105241810B CN 201510650133 A CN201510650133 A CN 201510650133A CN 105241810 B CN105241810 B CN 105241810B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a mural repair material and determining the cohesiveness of the mural repair material and a device thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of preparing a mural test block; b, filling straw mud in the drawing die; demolding; d, leveling the test block (scraping and polishing); e, drawing a pigment layer by a test block; f, bonding the test blocks; g test block test process. The device is structurally characterized in that a round table and a cylinder of a drawing die are integrated, a positioning groove is formed in the periphery of the round table, a threaded jackscrew is arranged on the surface of the round table, two lugs are respectively arranged on two sides of a semicircular molding clamp of a molding and demolding device, holes are formed in the lugs, and the two semicircular molding clamps are fastened on the periphery of the round table through punching screws on the lugs; the column body is inserted into the circular ring and the base of the leveling device. The repairing material prepared by the method has strong cohesiveness, the measuring device has simple structure and low manufacturing cost, has universality, can measure the cohesiveness of other material type cultural relics repairing materials according to the needs, and plays a certain role in repairing the cultural relics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the determination of the cohesiveness of materials, in particular to a method for preparing a wall painting repair material to determine the cohesiveness of the wall painting repair material
A method and a device thereof.
Background
Various diseases of fresco, such as pigment layer shortness, herpes, powdering and nail rising, and hollowing of ground layer, are mostly related to aging (natural and artificial factors) and loss of cohesiveness of the glue (gelatin, peach gum, bone gum, etc.) added in pigment layer and certain cohesiveness substances in ground layer mud. In the later repair of the mural, the repair material used is required to have a certain adhesion to the pigment layer and the base layer, and preferably has an adhesion equivalent to that of the original material. Too strong cohesiveness can cause the difference of the mechanical properties of the repair area and the surrounding area, further cause internal stress accumulation, and finally destroy the fresco by being released in the modes of cracking, breakage or nail lifting and the like; if the adhesion is too weak, the due adhesion strength and effect cannot be achieved, the repaired wall painting can reappear after a period of time, the wall painting is raised by the wall painting because of the reduced or lost adhesion, and the base layer is empty, so that the wall painting is not protected.
Therefore, before the mural repair materials are selected, studies should be conducted on the materials and structural characteristics (pigment layer, base layer, etc.) of the mural, and the adhesion of the materials to the mural should be evaluated as one of the important indexes for screening the repair materials.
The existing methods for evaluating the cohesiveness of materials (including wall painting, ceramic cultural relics and the like) mainly comprise a manual visual observation method, a manual brush scraping method, a mechanical reciprocating friction method and the like. From the method, or the subjective and artificial nature is strong, objective test data cannot be provided; or directly adopting an industrial method for evaluating the adhesive and the like, and the tested data and the mural protection have a certain gap between the requirement on the cohesiveness of the material and the actual situation.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a mural repair material and determining the cohesiveness thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for preparing a wall painting repair material to determine its cohesiveness. By using the device, the cohesive property of the material to the mural test block (pigment layer, ground layer or pigment layer and ground layer) is directly examined by drawing the well-cohesive mural test block on a universal material testing machine and recording and analyzing the strength and damage condition of the test block when the test block is cracked.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
a method for preparing a mural repair material for determining its cohesiveness, comprising the steps of:
a preparation of mural test block
Selecting Dunhuang Daquan river bed soil, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, washing with purified water for four to five times, and desalting; uniformly stirring soil and wheat straw, wherein the mass ratio of the soil to the wheat straw is 3:1, mixing the mixed soil and wheat straw with water-soil ratio of 0.20-0.30, mixing straw mud for four to five times, and covering with a plastic film for 5-7 hours for later use;
b, filling straw mud into the drawing die
Firstly, the drawing die cylinder is inserted on the die making ring and the base, and is fixed well. The threaded jackscrews on the surface of the round table are wound with hemp back and forth for several times so as to increase the adhesive force between the mud and the steel round table. Two semicircular molding clamps and a rigid polyvinyl chloride inner bushing are arranged on a round table of a drawing die, after the positions of the semicircular molding clamps and the rigid polyvinyl chloride inner bushing are adjusted, two edges of ears are fastened and locked by screws, mashed mud is filled in the round table of the enclosed drawing die, compacted and smoothed, and the mashed mud is dried for a week for later use;
c demolding
After the clay test block with the mould is dried, coating the hard polyvinyl chloride lining on the two semicircular mould making jigs and dismantling the hard polyvinyl chloride lining;
d scraping, polishing and adjusting the level of the test block
The method comprises the steps of inserting a demolded argillaceous test block die into a leveling device, then placing the argillaceous test block die on a die making base, after adjusting the position, enabling the argillaceous surface to be higher than the metal edge of the leveling device by 1mm, screwing up a set screw, taking down the test block die and the leveling device together, placing the test block die and the leveling device on a horizontal table top paved with 400# sand paper after overturning, and lightly polishing the argillaceous surface until the argillaceous surface is flush with the metal edge of the leveling device.
e drawing pigment layer
Polishing and leveling the test block, coating a layer of lime water on the surface of the muddy test block to serve as a powdery mildew layer, drying, adding prepared mineral pigment with concentration of 5% of lime blue, lime green, cinnabar and lead yellow into the aqueous solution with concentration of 1% of gelatin, sequentially coating the aqueous solution on the powdery mildew layer of the test block, and drying for later use;
f bonding test block
Weighing 10g of pure acrylic emulsion with the concentration of 5%, uniformly dripping the emulsion on the surface of a test block die for 3-4 times, and separating each time for 25-30 minutes; dropwise adding 2 test block molds each time, aligning the two test block molds according to a positioning groove in a drawing mold after finishing treatment, bonding, and solidifying for 24-48 hours;
g test procedure
And (3) respectively connecting the column bodies of the bonded drawing dies with upper and lower pin holes of a tensile testing machine, starting a lifting testing machine after connecting, carrying out a drawing test, recording displacement and force values in the test, and recording a damaged interface and position after the test is finished.
h data processing
Two test pieces were adhesively pulled to test for adhesive strength A 180° The expression of the formula (1) is shown in the specification,
A 180° = （1）
wherein: a is that 180° －180 ° Adhesive strength, pa
F-drawing force, N;
s-sample area, m 2 。
The device for implementing the method for measuring the cohesiveness of the mural repair material comprises a drawing die, a die making device, a demolding device and a leveling device, wherein the drawing die comprises a round table, a threaded jackscrew, a round table surface, a positioning groove and a cylinder; the molding and demolding device is a semicircular molding clamp, and the leveling device comprises a circular ring and a base, and the circular ring is fixedly connected with the base. The round table and the column body of the drawing die are integrated, the periphery of the round table is provided with a positioning groove, the surface of the round table is provided with a threaded jackscrew, two sides of a rigid polyvinyl chloride lining are respectively coated with a semicircular molding clamp of a molding and demolding device, the ears are provided with holes, and the two semicircular molding clamps are fastened on the periphery of the round table through punching bolts on the ears; the cylinder is inserted into the level adjusting device and comprises a circular ring and a base.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention starts from the analysis of the cohesiveness of the wall painting repair material, and the material analysis uses the principle of wood bone clay tire made of Dunhuang grotto clay sculpture to design a set of special drawing die. The wall painting test block is firmly fixed on the steel mold, the two steel molds are oppositely placed on a universal material testing machine after being bonded, the two bonded test blocks are drawn, and the bonding property of the material to the wall painting test block (pigment layer, base layer or pigment layer and base layer) is directly inspected by recording and analyzing the strength and damage condition of the test block when the test block is cracked. The device has universality, and can be used for measuring the cohesiveness of other material type cultural relic repairing materials, such as earthen sites, ceramic cultural relics, masonry cultural relics and the like, according to the needs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for determining the cohesiveness of a wall painting repair material.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the boss and semi-circular molding clamp fastening portion of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the ring and base consolidation.
Fig. 4 is a drawing test schematic.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, a device for preparing the wall painting repairing material and measuring the cohesiveness thereof is composed of a drawing die, a die making device, a demoulding device and a leveling device. The drawing die comprises a round table 1 with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 6mm, a threaded jackscrew 2, a round table surface 3, a positioning groove 4 and a cylinder 5; the molding and demolding device is a semicircular molding clamp 6 and is coated with a hard polyvinyl chloride lining 8; the leveling device comprises a circular ring 9 and a base 10; scraping the round table surface 3 of the drawing die to increase the adhesive force between mud and steel surface, uniformly punching 7-8 holes on the surface, and installing a threaded jackscrew 2; the round table 1 and the column 5 are integrated into a whole, and a hole is formed at the tail end of the column 5 and is used for being fixed with a pin hole on a universal material testing machine. The periphery of the round table 1 is provided with a positioning groove 4 for bonding and aligning two drawing dies. The semicircular molding clamp 6 of the molding and demolding device is coated with a hard polyvinyl chloride lining 8, and the lining facilitates demolding; two sides of the circular fixture are respectively provided with an ear 7, the ears are provided with holes, and two semicircular molding fixtures 6 are fastened on the periphery of the round table 1 through hole screws on the ears to form the circular fixture for fixing and rubbing the clay mural painting test block; the inner diameter of the circular ring 9 is the same as the diameter of the round table 1 of the drawing die, the inner diameter of the base 10 is the same as the diameter of the cylinder 5 of the drawing die, the circular ring 9 is fixedly connected with the base 10, a wire hole is formed in the base 10, and the developed drawing die can be fixed on a horizontal table by using screws. The column 5 is inserted into the leveling device ring 9 and the base 10.
A method for preparing a mural repair material for determining its cohesiveness, comprising the steps of:
a preparation of mural test block
Selecting Dunhuang Daquan river bed soil, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, washing with purified water for four to five times, and desalting; uniformly stirring soil and wheat straw, wherein the mass ratio of the soil to the wheat straw is 3:1, mixing the mixed soil and wheat straw with water-soil ratio of 0.20-0.30, mixing straw mud for four to five times, and covering with a plastic film for 5-7 hours for later use;
b, filling straw mud into the drawing die
Firstly, the cylinder 5 of the drawing die is inserted on the die making ring 9 and the base 10, and the die is fixed. The threaded jackscrews 2 on the surface 3 of the round table are wound with hemp back and forth for several times so as to increase the adhesion force of mud and the steel round table 1. Sleeving two semicircular molding clamps and a round table coated with a hard polyvinyl chloride lining 8 on a drawing die, after adjusting the positions, fastening and locking ears 7 at two sides of the two semicircular molding clamps and the hard polyvinyl chloride lining 8 by using screws, filling mashed mud into the round table of the round drawing die, compacting and trowelling, and drying for a week for later use;
c demolding
After the clay test block with the mould is dried, the two semicircular mould making jigs and the hard polyvinyl chloride lining 8 are removed;
d scraping, polishing and adjusting the level of the test block
The demolded argillaceous test block mold is inserted into the leveling device, then placed on the molding base 10, after the position is adjusted, the argillaceous surface is higher than the metal edge of the leveling device by 1mm, the set screw is screwed down, the test block mold and the leveling device are taken down together, the test block mold is placed on a horizontal table surface paved with 400# sand paper after being turned over, and the argillaceous surface is lightly polished until the argillaceous surface is flush with the metal edge of the leveling device.
e drawing pigment layer
Polishing and leveling the test block, coating a layer of lime water on the surface of the muddy test block to serve as a powdery mildew layer, drying, adding a prepared mineral pigment with the concentration of 5% including stone green, cinnabar and lead yellow, adding an aqueous solution with the concentration of 1% of gelatin, sequentially coating the aqueous solution on the powdery mildew layer of the test block, and drying for later use;
f bonding test block
Weighing 10g of pure acrylic emulsion with the concentration of 5%, uniformly dripping the emulsion on the surface of a test block die for 3-4 times, and separating each time for 25-30 minutes; dropwise adding 2 test block molds each time, aligning the two test block molds according to the positioning grooves 4 in the drawing molds after finishing treatment, bonding, and solidifying for 24-48 hours;
g test procedure
And (3) respectively connecting the column body 5 of the bonded drawing die with upper and lower pin holes of a tensile testing machine, starting the lifting testing machine after connecting, carrying out a drawing test, recording displacement and force values in the test, and recording a damaged interface and position after the test is finished, wherein the drawing force is 4-13 kN.
h data processing
Two test pieces were adhesively pulled to test for adhesive strength A 180° The expression of the formula (1) is shown in the specification,
A 180° = （1）
wherein: a is that 180° －180 ° Adhesive strength, pa
F-drawing force, N;
s-sample area, m 2 。
5. Data analysis
Table 1: 5% pure acrylic emulsion bond-pigment layer interface
Table 1 shows: 5% pure acrylic emulsion bond-pigment layer interface at a strength of 4.463 ×10 4 Pa - 12.275×10 4 Under the action of Pa drawing force, the bonding surface is cracked, and the clay test block is not cracked, so that the test block is firm.
TABLE 2 5% pure acrylic emulsion bond-pigment layer and base layer (mud layer) interface
Table 2 shows: 5% pure acrylic emulsion bonding-pigment layer and base layer (mud layer) interface, at 11.11×10 strength 4 Pa - 12.75×10 4 Under the action of Pa drawing force, most of bonding surfaces are not cracked, and the muddy test block is cracked, which indicates that the preparationThe adhesion of the prepared mural repair material meets the requirements of mural test blocks (pigment layers, ground layers or pigment layers and ground layers), and can firmly adhere the pigment layers, the ground layers or the pigment layers and the ground layers.
Table 3 5% pure acrylic emulsion bond-base layer and base layer (mud layer) interface
Table 3 shows: 5% pure acrylic emulsion bond-layer (mud layer) interface at strength of 4.10X10 4 Pa - 9.52×10 4 Most of the bonding surfaces are cracked under the action of Pa drawing force.
Tables 1, 2 and 3 show that: the 5% pure acrylic emulsion has good cohesiveness, and can firmly bond pigment layers, ground layers or pigment layers and ground layers under the action of high drawing force strength in table 2, thereby achieving the purpose of the design of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing a mural repair material and determining the cohesiveness thereof, wherein the method utilizes a device consisting of a drawing die, a die making device, a demolding device and a leveling device, wherein the drawing die comprises a round table (1), a threaded jackscrew (2), a round table surface (3), a positioning groove (4) and a cylinder (5); the molding and demolding device is a semicircular molding clamp (6), the leveling device comprises a circular ring (9) and a base (10), and the circular ring (9) is fixedly connected with the base (10); the round table (1) and the column body (5) of the drawing die are integrated, a positioning groove (4) is formed in the periphery of the round table (1), a threaded jackscrew (2) is arranged on the surface (3) of the round table, a hard polyvinyl chloride lining (8) is coated on a semicircular molding clamp (6) of a molding and demolding device, two lugs (7) are respectively arranged on two sides of the round table, holes (11) are formed in the lugs, and the two semicircular molding clamps (6) are fastened on the periphery of the round table (1) through punching bolts on the lugs; the column body (5) is inserted into the level adjusting device which comprises a circular ring (9) and a base (10); the method comprises the following steps:
a preparation of mural test block
Selecting Dunhuang Daquan river bed soil, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, washing with purified water for four to five times, and desalting; uniformly stirring soil and wheat straw, wherein the mass ratio of the soil to the wheat straw is 3:1, mixing the mixed soil and wheat straw with water-soil ratio of 0.20-0.30, mixing straw mud for four to five times, and covering with a plastic film for 5-7 hours for later use;
b, filling straw mud into the drawing die
Firstly, a drawing die cylinder (5) is inserted into a die making circular ring (9) and a base (10) and is fixed;
the threaded jackscrew (2) on the surface (3) of the round table is wound with hemp back and forth for several times so as to increase the adhesive force between the mud and the steel round table (1);
coating hard polyvinyl chloride inner liners (8) on two semicircular molding clamps (6), fastening the periphery of a round table (1) of a drawing die, fastening and locking two lugs (7) by screws after adjusting positions, filling mashed mud into the round table of the round drawing die, compacting and trowelling, and drying for a week for later use;
c demolding
After the clay test block with the mould is dried, the two semicircular mould making jigs (6) and the hard polyvinyl chloride lining (8) are removed;
d scraping, polishing and adjusting the level of the test block
Inserting the demolded argillaceous test block mould into a leveling device, then placing the argillaceous test block mould on a mould base (10), after adjusting the position, taking the argillaceous surface higher than the metal edge of the leveling device by 1mm, screwing up a set screw, taking down the test block mould and the leveling device together, turning over, placing the test block mould on a horizontal table surface paved with 400# sand paper, and lightly polishing the argillaceous surface until the argillaceous surface is flush with the metal edge of the leveling device;
e test block drawing pigment layer
Polishing and leveling the test block, coating a layer of lime water on the surface of the muddy test block to serve as a powdery mildew layer, drying, adding prepared mineral pigment with concentration of 5% of lime blue, lime green, cinnabar and lead yellow into the aqueous solution with concentration of 1% of gelatin, sequentially coating the aqueous solution on the powdery mildew layer of the test block, and drying for later use;
f bonding test block
Weighing 10g of pure acrylic emulsion with the concentration of 5%, uniformly dripping the emulsion on the surface of a test block die for 3-4 times, and separating each time for 25-30 minutes; dropwise adding 2 test block molds each time, aligning the two test block molds according to a positioning groove (4) in the drawing mold after finishing treatment, and then bonding and curing for 24-48 hours;
g test block testing procedure
Respectively connecting the column bodies (5) of the bonded drawing dies with upper and lower pin holes of a tensile testing machine, starting a lifting testing machine after the connection is finished, carrying out a drawing test, recording displacement and force values in the test, and recording a breakage interface and position after the test is finished;
h data processing
Two test pieces were adhesively pulled to test for adhesive strength A 180° The expression of the formula (1) is shown in the specification,
wherein: a is that 180° -180 ° bond strength, pa;
f-drawing force, N;
s-sample area, m 2 。
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