CN105241810A - Method and device for preparing fresco restoration material and measuring cohesiveness - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing fresco restoration material and measuring cohesiveness Download PDFInfo
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- CN105241810A CN105241810A CN201510650133.8A CN201510650133A CN105241810A CN 105241810 A CN105241810 A CN 105241810A CN 201510650133 A CN201510650133 A CN 201510650133A CN 105241810 A CN105241810 A CN 105241810A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for preparing a fresco restoration material and measuring the cohesiveness, wherein the method comprises the steps: a, preparation of a fresco test block; b, filling of a drawing mold with grass mud; c, demoulding; d, level adjustment of a test block (scraping and grinding); e, drawing of the test block with a pigment layer; f, test block bonding; and g, test block testing process. The device implementing the method has the structure characteristics that a circular platform of the drawing mold and a cylinder body are integrated into a whole, the periphery of the circular platform is provided with a positioning groove, the surface of the circular platform is provided with jackscrews each with a thread, two sides of each of semicircle mold preparation clamps of a mold preparation and demoulding device are each provided with one lug, the lugs are provided with holes, and the two semicircle mold preparation clamps are fastened at the periphery of the circular platform through perforating screws on the lugs; the cylinder body is inserted to a circular ring and a base of the level adjustment device. The prepared repair material has strong cohesiveness; the measurement device has the advantages of simple structure, low construction cost and generality, is used for measuring the cohesiveness of historical relic repair materials with other material types according to needs, and plays a role in repairing historical relics.
Description
Technical field
[0001] the present invention relates to the close-burning mensuration of material, specifically refer to that one is prepared mural painting repair materials and measured it and cohere
The method of property and device thereof.
Background technology
The multiple diseases of mural painting, the crisp alkali of such as coat of colo(u)r, bleb, efflorescence and a first, ground battle layer hollowing etc., mostly hold in layer mud with the glue added in coat of colo(u)r (gelatin, peach gum, gelatine etc.) and ground and have aging (nature and the human factor) of certain cohesiveness material etc. and cohesiveness thereof to lose relevant.When the later stage repairs mural painting, require the repair materials that uses to coat of colo(u)r, hold layer and have certain cohesiveness, and preferably suitable with the cohesiveness of original material.Cohesiveness is too strong, restoring area and peripheral region can be caused variant in mechanical property, and then cause internal stress to be accumulated, and discharges eventually through cracking, breakage or a first-class mode and destroy mural painting; Cohesiveness is too weak, then do not reach due bond strength and effect, can make to be repaired mural painting and again occur that producing mural painting due to cohesiveness reduction or forfeiture plays first, ground battle layer hollowing, is neither beneficial to the protection of mural painting over time.
Therefore, before selected mural painting repair materials, should study for the materials and structures feature of mural painting (coat of colo(u)r, hold layer etc.), and evaluating material is to the cohesiveness of mural painting, and as one of important indicator of screening repair materials.
The close-burning method of current evaluating material (comprising mural painting and relics etc.), mainly contains artificial visually examine's observation, and artificial hairbrush scrapes embrocation and mechanical reciprocating rubbing manipulation etc.From said method, or subjective artificial property is comparatively strong, cannot provide objective test figure; Or directly adopting the commercial run evaluating tackifier etc., the data of test and mural painting are protected the close-burning requirement of material and are actually had certain gap.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned, the object of the present invention is to provide one to prepare mural painting repair materials and measure its close-burning method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one to prepare mural painting repair materials and measure its close-burning device.Utilize this device, the mural painting test block of having been cohered by drawing on universal testing machine, intensity during by recording and analyze test block cracking and breakage, directly investigate material to mural painting test block (between coat of colo(u)r, hold interlayer or coat of colo(u)r with hold interlayer) cohesiveness.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
One is prepared mural painting repair materials and is measured its close-burning method, and its step comprises:
The preparation of a mural painting test block
Choose great Quan riverbed, Dunhuang soil, cross 100 mesh sieves, with pure water washing four to five times, slough wherein salt; By soil and Wheat Straw uniform stirring, soil and the mass ratio of Wheat Straw are 3 ︰ 1, more this soil that mix and Wheat Straw are mixed and stirred with 0.20 ~ 0.30 soil ratio, and the cob four to five times of mixing, seals 5 ~ 7 hours with plastic foil covering, for subsequent use;
Cob is loaded in b drawing mould
First drawing mould cylinder is inserted on molding annulus and base, fixes.Threaded jackscrew on round platform surface is wound around several times back and forth with fiber crops, to increase the cohesion of mud and steel round platform.By two semicircle molding fixtures and rigid polyvinyl chloride neck bush on the round platform of drawing mould, after adjusting position, with screw by fastening for both sides ear locked, filled out in the drawing mould round platform enclosed by the mud of mixing, compacting is floating, and dry one week for subsequent use afterwards;
The c demoulding
After shale test block with mould is dried, two semicircle molding fixtures are covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner dismounting;
D swipes and polishes, test block level-off
By the shale test block mould of the demoulding, insert in level-off device, then be placed on molding base, after adjusting position, shale surface will exceed level-off device metal along 1mm, screwed in place screw, together take off test block mould and level-off device, being placed on one after upset is covered with on the level table of 400# sand paper, polishes gently to mud face and flushes with level-off device metal edge.
E draws coat of colo(u)r
After test block polishes flat, at shale test block surface brushing one deck lime water as white powder layer, after drying, be 5% azurite, malachite green, cinnabar, lead and yellow-collation mineral pigment by the concentration modulated, add the aqueous solution that concentration is 1% gelatin, brush successively on test block white powder layer, for subsequent use after dry;
F coheres test block
Take the pure third aqueous emulsion 10g that concentration is 5%, divide 3-4 time, evenly drip on test block die surface, every minor tick 25-30 minute; Drip each one group 2, after having processed, after two test block moulds are aligned by the locating slot in drawing mould, cohere, solidification 24-48 hour;
G process of the test
By the cylinder of bonding drawing mould respectively pin-and-hole upper and lower with tension tester be connected, after connecting open lifting testing machine, carry out pull-out test, record test in displacement and force value, record damaged interface and position after off-test.
H data processing
Two test block cohesiveness pull-out tests, with bond strength A
180 °formula (1) represents,
（1）
In formula: A
180 °-180
°bond strength, Pa
F-pulling capacity, N;
S-Area of Sample, m
2.
Implementing to prepare the device that mural painting repair materials measures its cohesiveness method is be made up of drawing mould, molding, stripper apparatus and level-off device, and drawing mould comprises round platform, threaded jackscrew, round platform surface, locating slot and cylinder; Molding, stripper apparatus are semicircle molding fixture, and level-off device comprises annulus and base, annulus and base consolidation.Round platform and the cylinder of drawing mould became one, round platform periphery is provided with locating slot, round platform surface is equipped with threaded jackscrew, the semicircle molding fixture of molding, stripper apparatus is covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner both sides respectively an ear, porose on ear, the circular molding fixture of two halves is fastened on the periphery of round platform by perforated bolt on ear; Cylinder inserts level-off device and comprises in annulus and base.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention sets about from the analysis of mural painting repair materials cohesiveness, and " wooden bone unpainted clay idol " principle that the Dunhuang Caves clay sculpture makes is used for reference in material analysis, devises a set of special drawing mould.Firmly " fix " on steel mould by mural painting test block, again two steel moulds are cohered rear staggered relatively on universal testing machine, test block is cohered in drawing two, intensity during by recording and analyze test block cracking and breakage, directly investigate material to mural painting test block (between coat of colo(u)r, hold interlayer or coat of colo(u)r with hold interlayer) cohesiveness.This device has universality, as required, can measure the cohesiveness of other material type historical relic repair materials, such as earthen ruins, relics and brick stone cultural artifact etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram that mural painting repair materials measures its cohesiveness method.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 round platform and semicircle molding clamp partial schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is annulus and base consolidation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is pull-out test schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-4, one is prepared mural painting repair materials and is measured its close-burning device, is be made up of drawing mould, molding, stripper apparatus and level-off device.Drawing mould comprises diameter 60mm, high 6mm round platform 1, threaded jackscrew 2, round platform surface 3, locating slot 4 and cylinder 5; Molding, stripper apparatus are semicircle molding fixture 6 and are covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner 8; Level-off device comprises annulus 9 and base 10; The round platform surface 3 scraping process of drawing mould, to increase the cohesion of mud and steel surface, and beats 7-8 hole at its surface uniform, installs threaded jackscrew 2; Round platform 1 and cylinder 5 became one, and cylinder 5 end opens a hole, for fixing with the pin-and-hole on universal testing machine.Round platform 1 periphery is provided with locating slot 4, for cohering, aligning installation two drawing moulds.The semicircle molding fixture 6 of molding, stripper apparatus is covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner 8, and liner is conveniently stripped; Respectively there is an ear 7 its both sides, porose on ear, and the circular molding fixture 6 of two halves is fastened on the periphery of round platform 1 by perforated screw on ear, form circular clamp, in order to fixing, facsimile reproduction shale mural painting test block; Annulus 9 internal diameter is identical with drawing mould round platform 1 diameter, and base 10 internal diameter is identical with drawing mould cylinder 5 diameter, and annulus 9 and base 10 consolidation, base 10 is opened a hole, and the drawing mould that available key screw facsimile reproduction is good is fixed on horizontal stand.Cylinder 5 inserts in level-off device annulus 9 and base 10.
One is prepared mural painting repair materials and is measured its close-burning method, and its step comprises:
The preparation of a mural painting test block
Choose great Quan riverbed, Dunhuang soil, cross 100 mesh sieves, with pure water washing four to five times, slough wherein salt; By soil and Wheat Straw uniform stirring, soil and the mass ratio of Wheat Straw are 3 ︰ 1, more this soil that mix and Wheat Straw are mixed and stirred with 0.20 ~ 0.30 soil ratio, and the cob four to five times of mixing, seals 5 ~ 7 hours with plastic foil covering, for subsequent use;
Cob is loaded in b drawing mould
First the cylinder 5 of drawing mould is inserted on molding annulus 9 and base 10, fixes.Threaded jackscrew 2 on round platform surface 3 is wound around several times back and forth with fiber crops, to increase the cohesion of mud and steel round platform 1.By two semicircle molding fixtures be covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner 8 and be enclosed within the round platform of drawing mould, after adjusting position, with screw by circular for two halves molding fixture and rigid polyvinyl chloride liner 8 both sides ear 7 fastening locked, the mud of mixing is filled out in the drawing mould round platform enclosed, compacting is floating, for subsequent use after dry one week;
The c demoulding
After shale test block with mould is dried, two semicircle molding fixtures and rigid polyvinyl chloride liner 8 are removed;
D swipes and polishes, test block level-off
By the shale test block mould of the demoulding, insert in level-off device, then be placed on molding base 10, after adjusting position, shale surface will exceed level-off device metal along 1mm, screwed in place screw, together take off test block mould and level-off device, being placed on one after upset is covered with on the level table of 400# sand paper, polishes gently to mud face and flushes with level-off device metal edge.
E draws coat of colo(u)r
After test block polishes flat, at shale test block surface brushing one deck lime water as white powder layer, after drying, be 5% by the concentration modulated, comprise azurite, malachite green, cinnabar, lead and yellow-collation mineral pigment, add the aqueous solution that concentration is 1% gelatin, brush successively on test block white powder layer, for subsequent use after dry;
F coheres test block
Take the pure third aqueous emulsion 10g that concentration is 5%, divide 3-4 time, evenly drip on test block die surface, every minor tick 25-30 minute; Drip each one group 2, after having processed, after two test block moulds are aligned by the locating slot 4 in drawing mould, cohere, solidification 24-48 hour;
G process of the test
By the cylinder 5 of bonding drawing mould respectively pin-and-hole upper and lower with tension tester be connected, open lifting testing machine after connecting, carry out pull-out test, pulling capacity is 4-13kN, displacement in record test and force value, record damaged interface and position after off-test.
H data processing
Two test block cohesiveness pull-out tests, with bond strength A
180 °formula (1) represents,
（1）
In formula: A
180 °-180
°bond strength, Pa
F-pulling capacity, N;
S-Area of Sample, m
2.
5. data analysis
Pure third aqueous emulsion of table 1:5% coheres-coat of colo(u)r interface
Table 1 shows: 5% pure third aqueous emulsion coheres-coat of colo(u)r interface, is 4.463 × 10 in intensity
4pa-12.275 × 10
4under the effect of Pa pulling capacity, adhesive surface ftractures, and shale test block is not ftractureed, and illustrates that test block is more firm.
Pure third aqueous emulsion of table 25% coheres-and coat of colo(u)r holds layer (mud layer) interface with ground
Table 2 shows: and 5% pure third aqueous emulsion coheres-and coat of colo(u)r holds layer (mud layer) interface with ground, is 11.11 × 10 in intensity
4pa-12.75 × 10
4under the effect of Pa pulling capacity, most adhesive surface does not ftracture, shale test block is ftractureed, the requirement that its cohesiveness of mural painting repair materials meets mural painting test block (between coat of colo(u)r, hold interlayer or coat of colo(u)r and interlayer hold on ground) is prepared in explanation, its can between coat of colo(u)r, hold interlayer or coat of colo(u)r and to hold interlaminar bonding firm.
Pure third aqueous emulsion of table 35% coheres-and ground battle layer holds layer (mud layer) interface with ground
Table 3 shows: and 5% pure third aqueous emulsion coheres-and ground battle layer holds layer (mud layer) interface with ground, is 4.10 × 10 in intensity
4pa-9.52 × 10
4under the effect of Pa pulling capacity, most of adhesive surface cracking.
Table 1, table 2 and table 3 show: 5% pure third aqueous emulsion cohesiveness is good, under the effect that table 2 pulling capacity intensity is high, can between coat of colo(u)r, hold interlayer or coat of colo(u)r and ground hold interlaminar bonding firm, reach the object that the present invention designs.
Claims (2)
1. prepare mural painting repair materials and measure its close-burning method, its step comprises:
The preparation of a mural painting test block
Choose great Quan riverbed, Dunhuang soil, cross 100 mesh sieves, with pure water washing four to five times, slough wherein salt; By soil and Wheat Straw uniform stirring, soil and the mass ratio of Wheat Straw are 3 ︰ 1, more this soil that mix and Wheat Straw are mixed and stirred with 0.20 ~ 0.30 soil ratio, and the cob four to five times of mixing, seals 5 ~ 7 hours with plastic foil covering, for subsequent use;
Cob is loaded in b drawing mould
First drawing mould cylinder (5) is inserted on molding annulus (9) and base (10), fixes;
Threaded jackscrew (2) on round platform surface (3) is wound around several times back and forth with fiber crops, to increase the cohesion of mud and steel round platform (1);
Two semicircle molding fixtures (6) are covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner (8), the periphery of the round platform (1) of fastening drawing mould, after adjusting position, with screw by fastening locked for both sides ear (7), the mud of mixing is filled out in the drawing mould round platform enclosed, compacting is floating, for subsequent use after dry one week;
The c demoulding
After shale test block with mould is dried, two semicircle molding fixtures (6) and rigid polyvinyl chloride liner (8) are removed;
D swipes and polishes, test block level-off
By the shale test block mould of the demoulding, insert in level-off device, then be placed on molding base (10), after adjusting position, shale surface will exceed level-off device metal along 1mm, screwed in place screw, together take off test block mould and level-off device, being placed on one after upset is covered with on the level table of 400# sand paper, polishes gently to mud face and flushes with level-off device metal edge;
Coat of colo(u)r is drawn in e test block
After test block polishes flat, at shale test block surface brushing one deck lime water as white powder layer, after drying, be 5% azurite, malachite green, cinnabar, lead and yellow-collation mineral pigment by the concentration modulated, add the aqueous solution that concentration is 1% gelatin, brush successively on test block white powder layer, for subsequent use after dry;
F coheres test block
Take the pure third aqueous emulsion 10g that concentration is 5%, divide 3-4 time, evenly drip on test block die surface, every minor tick 25-30 minute; Drip each one group 2, after having processed, after two test block moulds are aligned by the locating slot (4) in drawing mould, cohere, solidification 24-48 hour;
G test block test process
By the cylinder (5) of bonding drawing mould respectively pin-and-hole upper and lower with tension tester be connected, after connecting open lifting testing machine, carry out pull-out test, record test in displacement and force value, record damaged interface and position after off-test;
H data processing
Two test block cohesiveness pull-out tests, with bond strength A
180 °formula (1) represents,
（1）
In formula: A
180 °-180
°bond strength, Pa
F-pulling capacity, N;
S-Area of Sample, m
2.
2. implement the claims one described in 1 to prepare mural painting repair materials and measure its close-burning device, be made up of drawing mould, molding, stripper apparatus and level-off device, drawing mould comprises round platform (1), threaded jackscrew (2), round platform surface (3), locating slot (4) and cylinder (5); Molding, stripper apparatus are semicircle molding fixture (6), and level-off device comprises annulus (9) and base (10), annulus (9) and base (10) consolidation; It is characterized in that: round platform (1) and the cylinder (5) of drawing mould became one, round platform (1) periphery is provided with locating slot (4), round platform surface (3) is equipped with threaded jackscrew (2), the semicircle molding fixture (6) of molding, stripper apparatus is covered with rigid polyvinyl chloride liner (8), respectively there is an ear (7) both sides, porose on ear (8), circular molding fixture (6) of two halves is fastened on the periphery of round platform (1) by perforated bolt on ear; Cylinder (5) inserts level-off device and comprises in annulus (9) and base (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650133.8A CN105241810B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | Method and device for preparing mural repair material and determining cohesiveness of mural repair material |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650133.8A CN105241810B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | Method and device for preparing mural repair material and determining cohesiveness of mural repair material |
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| CN105241810A true CN105241810A (en) | 2016-01-13 |
| CN105241810B CN105241810B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114279976A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 北京建筑大学 | Mural soluble salt content detection method based on reflection spectrum |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114279976A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 北京建筑大学 | Mural soluble salt content detection method based on reflection spectrum |
| CN114279976B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-09-19 | 北京建筑大学 | Method for detecting content of soluble salt in wall painting based on reflection spectrum |
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| CN105241810B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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