CN105241802B - Prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor method of testing and anisotropy quantitative evaluating method - Google Patents
Prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor method of testing and anisotropy quantitative evaluating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor method of testing and anisotropy quantitative evaluating method, the permeability tensor method of testing includes simulating the analog material that actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured prepares different cylinder inclination angles, the permeability of analog material made from measurement, according to the permeability of the analog material measured, the method for giving the permeability tensor and anisotropy of permeability qualitative assessment that calculate prismatical joint rock mass.Principle of invariance of the invention based on tensor, by the permeability for measuring different cylinder inclination angles analog material, obtain the permeability tensor and infiltration principal direction and osmotic pressure main value of prismatical joint rock mass, can be according to different types of actual prismatical joint rock mass, make the analog material being consistent with it, solve the problems, such as that laboratory test measures the dimensional problem of natural rock mass permeability tensor and the result of the test discreteness as caused by the otherness of natural rock mass, measurement cost is low, it is workable, as a result it is accurate, it is applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor method of testing and anisotropy quantitative evaluating method, specifically
It is related to and a kind of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor and the main infiltration coefficient of permeability tensor and master is determined based on tensor principle of invariance
The method in direction and the method for qualitative assessment anisotropy of permeability.
Background technology
Prismatical joint is because cooling meat formation is in irregular or conformation of rules in slag eruption flooding process
Primary extension fracture construction, prismatical joint more come across basalt, widely distributed in Southwestern China area, southwest is many
Built or be located at building large hydropower station on the basalt of prismatical joint, prismatical joint rock mass is as a kind of special structure rock
Body, have mechanical property anisotropy, while also have infiltration anisotropy, due to prismatical joint rock mass include it is multigroup
Joint and columnar volume is larger, the natural rock sample taken by laboratory test size comprises only one group or not comprising joint, can not
Reflect the anisotropy of Seepage of Jointed Rock Mass, and the polytropy of prismatical joint rock mass geometric properties, different ROCK MASS JOINT differences compared with
Greatly, the result of the test for being derived from the natural rock sample of part rock mass does not have adequate representation, and lacks effective measurement prismatical joint
Rock mass permeability tensor and the method for permeability tensor main value and principal direction, thus while the seepage flow property of prismatical joint rock mass is to rock mass
Mechanical property and engineering safety significantly affect, but seldom on the research done of seepage flow property of prismatical joint rock mass.
Zou Lifang etc. carries out logistics organizations using block assembly and have studied the permeability of prismatical joint rock mass, but does not examine
Consider the anisotropy of prismatical joint rock mass permeability, and the research about rock mass anisotropy of permeability characterizing method at present is seldom,
Someone by the ratio between the maximum of rock mass permeability and minimum value by representing anisotropy of permeability, but this method can only be anti-
The ratio of maximum and minimum value is reflected, the anisotropy of infiltration can not be reflected comprehensively.
Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, how effectively to ask for permeability tensor and principal direction and measure column section
Managing the anisotropy of permeability of rock mass turns into the problem of in the urgent need to address.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of testing of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor, this
Second purpose of invention is to provide a kind of prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability quantitative evaluating method.
Technical scheme：A kind of method of testing of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles；
Step 2, the permeability of analog material made from measuring process 1；
Step 3, the permeability of the analog material measured according to step 2 obtains the permeability tensor [K] of prismatical joint rock mass, so
The maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensor is obtained based on tensor consistency theory afterwardsmax, minimum main coefficient of permeability KminAnd principal direction
a。
The present invention makes the analog material being consistent with it by simulating different types of actual prismatical joint rock mass, and measurement is not
With the permeability of cylinder inclination angle analog material, and the permeability tensor of prismatical joint rock mass is obtained based on tensor principle of invariance and oozed
The main infiltration coefficient and principal direction of saturating tensor, solve laboratory test measure natural rock mass permeability tensor dimensional problem and by
Caused by the otherness of natural rock mass the problem of result of the test discreteness.
Wherein, the inclination angle for the prismatical joint Similar Material of Rockmass that step 1 makes for 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° or
90°。
The permeability tensor [K] of the prismatical joint rock mass obtained in above-mentioned steps 3 is：
In formula, Kxx, Kxy, KyyRespectively cylinder inclination angle be 0 °, 45 °, the permeability of 90 ° of analog material.
The principal direction a obtained in above-mentioned steps 3 based on tensor consistency theory is：
The maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensor obtained in above-mentioned steps 3 based on tensor consistency theorymaxWith minimum master
Coefficient of permeability KminFor：
(1) when principal direction a ∈ [0,90] ∪ [180,270],
(2) when principal direction a ∈ [90,180] ∪ [270,360],
Wherein
In above-mentioned steps 1, the method for preparing analog material comprises the following steps：
Step 11, actual prismatical joint rock mass is simulated based on similarity relation, according to its rock mass composition and spatial shape, it is determined that
Raw material, size and the shape of prepared simulation cylinder；
Step 12, corresponding mould is selected according to the size of prepared cylinder and shape；
Step 13, poured into after the raw material for preparing cylinder is mixed in mould, until mould whole groove will after filling
Mould dries, and dismounting, obtains sufficient amount of cylinder；
Step 14, cylinder is bonded to prismatical joint model, processing forms the prismatical joint rock mass phase at different cylinder inclination angles
Like material.
In above-mentioned steps 2, the method for measuring the permeability of analog material comprises the following steps：
Step 21, the diameter of each analog material is first measured respectively and height and is recorded, and is then wrapped up analog material tight
It is close, ensure that gas can enter from the lower surface of analog material, upper surface is flowed out；
Step 22, the analog material after parcel is loaded into measuring gas permebility device, record is infiltrated through in analog material
Gas flow；
Step 23, according to the infiltration gas measured in the diameter of the analog material measured in step 21, height and step 22
The scale of construction calculates its permeability.
A kind of prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability quantitative evaluating method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles；
(2) permeability of analog material made from measuring process (1)；
(3) permeability of the analog material measured according to step (2), the scatter diagram of permeability and inclination angle relation is made；
(4) interpolating function of discrete point is gone out using interpolation calculation using discrete point as interpolation point, the interpolating function is infiltration
Rate and the relation at cylinder inclination angle；
(5) interpolating function is differentiated, calculates the derived function of interpolating function and to make the figure of derived function, the interpolating function
Derived function for prismatical joint rock mass permeability with cylinder change of pitch angle speed, i.e., prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability with
The relation at cylinder inclination angle.
Analog material of the invention by preparing different cylinder inclination angles, the permeability of all angles is calculated, so as to obtain
Permeability and the functional relation at cylinder inclination angle, the pass of anisotropy of permeability and cylinder inclination angle is characterized by the derived function of the function
System, quantify the anisotropy of permeability size at each inclination angle, reflect the anisotropy of prismatical joint rock mass infiltration comprehensively.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：(1) present invention is different types of by simulating
Actual prismatical joint rock mass makes the analog material being consistent with it, measures the permeability of different cylinder inclination angles analog material, and base
The permeability tensor of prismatical joint rock mass and the main infiltration coefficient and principal direction of permeability tensor are obtained in tensor principle of invariance, and it is right
Prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability qualitative assessment, solves the dimensional problem that laboratory test measures natural rock mass permeability tensor
And as caused by the otherness of natural rock mass the problem of result of the test discreteness；(2) present invention has started prismatical joint rock mass
The new method of anisotropy of permeability qualitative assessment, the anisotropy of permeability size at each inclination angle can be quantified by this method, entirely
The anisotropy of face reflection prismatical joint rock mass infiltration, solves the one-sidedness that anisotropy of permeability characterizes in the prior art；(3)
The method measurement cost of the present invention is low, workable, as a result accurately, applied widely.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor method of testing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is reference axis when permeability tensor main value and principal direction are calculated in the rock mass permeability tensor method of testing of prismatical joint
Transformation Graphs.
Fig. 3 is the permeability and inclination angle relation in the rock mass permeability anisotropy appraisal procedure of prismatical joint obtained by step (3)
Scatter diagram.
Fig. 4 is the permeability and cylinder inclination angle in the rock mass permeability anisotropy appraisal procedure of prismatical joint obtained by step (4)
Matched curve.
Fig. 5 be permeability anisotropy in the rock mass permeability anisotropy appraisal procedure of prismatical joint obtained by step (5) with
Inclination angle relation curve.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention proposes a kind of method of testing using prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor, theoretical based on tensor consistency,
By making and measuring different cylinder inclination angle analog material permeabilities, calculate prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor and permeability tensor
Main value and principal direction.As shown in figure 1, the method for testing comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles.
Specifically, actual prismatical joint rock mass is simulated based on similarity relation, according to its rock mass composition and spatial shape, it is determined that
Raw material, size and the shape of prepared simulation cylinder；Corresponding mould is selected according to the size of prepared cylinder and shape；Will
Poured into after preparing the raw material mixing of cylinder in mould, until mould whole groove dries mould after filling, dismantle, obtain
Sufficient amount of cylinder；Cylinder is bonded to prismatical joint model, processing forms the prismatical joint rock mass phase at different cylinder inclination angles
Like material.
Step 2：The permeability of analog material made from measuring process 1.
Specifically, first measuring the diameter of each analog material respectively and height and recording, then analog material is wrapped up tight
It is close, ensure that gas can enter from the lower surface of analog material, upper surface is flowed out；Analog material after parcel is loaded into gas to ooze
Saturating rate test device, records the gas flow infiltrated through in analog material；According to the diameter of the analog material measured in step 21, height
The infiltration gas flow measured in degree and step 22 calculates its permeability.
Step 3：Based on tensor principle of invariance, the permeability tensor main value and principal direction of measuring and calculating prismatical joint rock mass.
Specifically, be 0 ° by the cylinder inclination angle measured, 45 °, the permeability of 90 ° of analog material be denoted as K respectivelyxx, Kxy,
Kyy, calculate the two-dimentional permeability tensor of prismatical joint rock mass isBecause of the symmetry K of permeability tensorxy=Kyx,
It is as follows as the permeability tensor main value and principal direction, specific method of theoretical foundation calculating prismatical joint rock mass using tensor consistency：
With KxxDirection is x-axis, with KyyDirection is that y-axis establishes coordinate system, is known by the transformation law of tensor coordinate system, led to
The infiltration principal direction that coordinate system its change in coordinate axis direction is prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor must can be found by crossing rotatable coordinate axis,
Rotatable coordinate axis xoy, it is assumed that it is the new of infiltration principal direction that coordinate system xoy can be obtained into change in coordinate axis direction around origin rotation alpha degree
Coordinate system wor, its permeability K along w direction of principal axiswwWith the permeability K along r direction of principal axisrrPrincipal permeability, then Kwr=0.Wherein,
KwwAs maximum coefficient of permeability Kmax, KrrFor minimum main coefficient of permeability Kmin
Calculation formula is rotated according to plane coordinate point：
Ax=x+ (ax-x) cos α-(ay-y) sin α (1)
Ay=y+ (ax-x) sin α-(ay-y) cos α (2)
In formula：As shown in Fig. 2 (ax, ay) is plane any point A coordinate, α is that A is rotated by rotary middle point (x, y)
Angle, (Ax, Ay) be A rotation after obtain the coordinate of A' points.
If A points rotate around origin, x=0, y=0
Formula is converted into：
Ax=ax cos α-ay sin α (3)
Ay=ax sin α-ay cos α (4)
K is pushed away to obtain by formulaxx, Kxy, KyyWith Kmax, Kmin, KwrRelation be：
Kmax=cos α2Kxx+sinα2Kyy+sin2αKxy (5)
Kmin=sin α2Kxx+cosα2Kyy-sin2αKxy (6)
Because of Kwr=0, so
Obtained by fortran：
With reference to trigonometric function formula：
Solve Kmax, KminValue be：
(1) as a ∈ [0,90] ∪ [180,270]
(2) as a ∈ [90,180] ∪ [270,360]
Wherein
Therefore the maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensor is obtainedmaxWith minimum main coefficient of permeability KminAnd principal direction a value.
The invention also provides a kind of prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability quantitative evaluating method, comprise the following steps that：
(1) actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles；
(2) permeability of analog material made from measuring process (1)；
(3) permeability of the analog material measured according to step (2), the scatter diagram of permeability and inclination angle relation is made；
(4) interpolating function of discrete point is gone out using interpolation calculation using discrete point as interpolation point, the interpolating function is infiltration
Rate and the relation at cylinder inclination angle；
(5) interpolating function is differentiated, calculates the derived function of interpolating function and to make the figure of derived function, the interpolating function
Derived function for prismatical joint rock mass permeability with cylinder change of pitch angle speed, i.e., prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability with
The relation at cylinder inclination angle.
Embodiment
By taking prismatical joint basalt at some hydropower station riverbed dam foundation as an example, test its permeability tensor, permeability tensor main value and
Principal direction, and to its anisotropy of permeability qualitative assessment.
Some hydropower station is developed at the riverbed dam foundation prismatical joint rock mass, and cylinder section shows as pentagon more, hexagon,
Or irregular polygon, cylindrical elongate, average headway about 0.2m, aspect ratio focus primarily upon 2~10, show significantly to ooze
Anisotropy is flowed, engineering safety is influenceed significantly, therefore the anisotropy for studying the infiltration of prismatical joint rock mass is that the power station is set
Meter, building-up work need one of subject matter solved.
The first step, prismatical joint rock mass at the Hydropower Station river dam foundation is simulated, simulation cylinder, root are prepared based on similarity relation
According to the rock mass composition and spatial shape of prismatical joint rock mass at the Hydropower Station river dam foundation, it is determined that simulating the raw material of cylinder, finally
Determine cylinder by Portland cement, natural river sand and water example 1 in mass ratio:0.5:0.4 mixes, wherein river sand footpath grain
Less than 1mm, add account for permeability-reducing admixture and the water reducer of gross mass 0.5% with the mobility of the barrier performance of reinforcement material and cement,
Reduce porosity, add a little defoamer and reduce caused bubble in cement hydration process.According to the size of engineering site cylinder
It is determined that from length of side 5mm, cylinder length 160mm regular positive hexagonal column is simulated actual cylinder, made using die device
Positive hexagonal column.Mould is scrubbed first, uniformly smears vaseline in mould two parts inwall to be stripped in the future, is led to
Rubber band is crossed correspondingly to entangle two parts mould firm；By syringe after the raw material for preparing analog material is mixed evenly according to proportioning
Extraction is poured into mould, after a groove for filling mould, then syringe is moved into mould another groove, is repeated this step
Until mould whole groove is filled；Mould is moved into constant temperature ventilation to dry, every other day by mould release, it is straight to repeat above step
To obtained sufficient amount of positive hexagonal column.Obtained positive hexagonal column is put under room temperature environment, supported with certain humidity
After protecting 30d, with mass ratio 1:Positive hexagonal column is bonded to prismatical joint model by 0.4 white cement and water after stirring,
Sealed with plastic film wrapped, conserve 30d at room temperature, by cut and be polished to from the horizontal by 0 °, 15 °, 30 °,
The diameter 50mm at 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 ° inclination angles, height 50mm cylinder prismatical joint analog material sample.
Second step, utilize the permeability of analog material made from gas permeation test measurement device.The test device is main
By rock core balancing gate pit, confined pressure adjustment equipment, osmotic pressure adjustment equipment, upstream and downstream pressure control panel, pressure display unit and high accuracy
Gas gauge forms.In order to prevent that with gas chemical reaction occurs for analog material so as to be missed to test tape during experiment
Difference, this experiment are used as percolating medium using argon gas.Each analog material top is first measured respectively before test, middle part, the diameter of bottom,
Each part measurement two, average as sample final diameter, then by its height of the azimuthal measurement of analog material four, take
Average value is as final height；Analog material is put into rubber sleeve parcel closely, ensures that gas enters from analog material lower surface,
Upper surface is flowed out, and is then charged into rock core balancing gate pit, and hydraulic oil is added in rock core balancing gate pit and is sealed, passes through confined pressure adjustment equipment
Applied to rock core balancing gate pit application confined pressure after confined pressure steady by upstream pressure control panel and osmotic pressure adjustment equipment to sample
Osmotic pressure, while high-precision gas pressure gauge is arranged on rock core balancing gate pit outlet side, after steady seepage is formed in analog material,
Close high-precision gas pressure gage valve, record high-precision gas pressure gauge reading change, and according to the diameter of analog material and
Highly calculate its permeability；After measurement terminates, analog material is removed, measures different cylinder inclination angles phase successively according to above step
Like the permeability of material sample.
The cylinder inclination angle measured is 0 ° by the 3rd step, 45 °, the permeability of 90 ° of analog material be recorded as K respectively1、K2、
K3, wherein, K1=8.16E-17m2, K2=3.90E-17m2, K3=2.01E-17m2；Calculate prismatical joint rock mass two dimension infiltration
Rate tensorThe infiltration of prismatical joint rock mass is calculated using tensor consistency as theoretical foundation
Amount main value and principal direction obtain：
Permeability tensor principal direction
The maximum main infiltration coefficient of permeability tensor：
The minimum main infiltration coefficient of permeability tensor：
Wherein
Therefore the maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensormax=10.051E-17m2, minimum main coefficient of permeability Kmin=
0.1186E-17m2, a=114.446 ° of principal direction.
Qualitative assessment is carried out to prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability, comprised the following steps that：
(1) permeability of the different angle analog material measured according to second step, dissipating for permeability and inclination angle relation is made
Point diagram, such as Fig. 3.
(2) using discrete point as interpolation point, the interpolating function of discrete point is gone out using interpolation calculation：
Y=2.01-0.0456x+0.00818x2-0.000290911x3+0.000004771626x4-3.6545E-8x5+
1.102E-10x6, such as Fig. 4, interpolating function represents permeability and the relation at cylinder inclination angle.
(3) interpolating function is differentiated, calculate interpolating function derived function, the physical significance of interpolating function derived function is post
Shape jointed rock mass permeability is with the speed of change of pitch angle, therefore the reflection prismatical joint rock mass that can intuitively quantify is in different cylinders
The size of anisotropy of permeability during inclination angle, and make the figure of interpolating function derived function, such as Fig. 5.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of testing of prismatical joint rock mass permeability tensor, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles；
Step 11, actual prismatical joint rock mass is simulated based on similarity relation, according to its rock mass composition and spatial shape, determined made
Raw material, size and the shape of standby simulation cylinder；
Step 12, corresponding mould is selected according to the size of prepared cylinder and shape；
Step 13, poured into after the raw material for preparing cylinder is mixed in mould, by mould after mould whole groove fills
Dry, dismounting, obtain sufficient amount of cylinder；
Step 14, cylinder is bonded to prismatical joint model, processing forms the similar material of prismatical joint rock mass at different cylinder inclination angles
Material；Wherein, the inclination angle of analog material is 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° or 90 °；
Step 2, the permeability of analog material made from measuring process 1；
Step 3, the permeability of the analog material measured according to step 2 obtains the permeability tensor [K] of prismatical joint rock mass, Ran Houji
The maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensor is obtained in tensor consistency theorymax, minimum main coefficient of permeability KminAnd principal direction a.
2. the method for testing of rock mass permeability tensor in prismatical joint according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3
To the permeability tensor [K] of prismatical joint rock mass be：
In formula, Kxx, Kxy, KyyRespectively cylinder inclination angle be 0 °, 45 °, the permeability of 90 ° of analog material.
3. the method for testing of rock mass permeability tensor in prismatical joint according to claim 2, it is characterised in that base in step 3
It is in the permeability tensor principal direction a that tensor consistency theory obtains：
4. the method for testing of rock mass permeability tensor in prismatical joint according to claim 3, it is characterised in that base in step 3
In the maximum main coefficient of permeability K of permeability tensor that tensor consistency theory obtainsmaxWith minimum main coefficient of permeability KminFor：
(1) when principal direction a ∈ [0,90] ∪ [180,270],
(2) when principal direction a ∈ [90,180] ∪ [270,360],
Wherein
5. the method for testing of rock mass permeability tensor in prismatical joint according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2, institute
The method for stating measurement analog material permeability comprises the following steps：
Step 21, the diameter of each analog material is first measured respectively and height and is recorded, then wraps up analog material close, is protected
Demonstrate,proving gas can be from the entrance of the lower surface of analog material, upper surface outflow；
Step 22, the analog material after parcel is loaded into measuring gas permebility device, records the gas infiltrated through in analog material
The scale of construction；
Step 23, according to the infiltration gas flow measured in the diameter of the analog material measured in step 21, height and step 22
Calculate its permeability.
6. a kind of prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability quantitative evaluating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) actual prismatical joint rock mass to be measured is simulated, prepares the analog material at different cylinder inclination angles；
(2) permeability of analog material made from measuring process (1)；
(3) permeability of the analog material measured according to step (2), the scatter diagram of permeability and inclination angle relation is made；
(4) go out the interpolating function of discrete point using interpolation calculation using discrete point as interpolation point, the interpolating function be permeability with
The relation at cylinder inclination angle；
(5) interpolating function is differentiated, calculates the derived function of interpolating function and to make the figure of derived function, the interpolating function is led
Function is speed of the prismatical joint rock mass permeability with cylinder change of pitch angle, i.e. prismatical joint rock mass anisotropy of permeability and cylinder
The relation at inclination angle.
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| CN105510207B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-02-06 | 河海大学 | Determine method of the crack rock different directions permeability to porosity sensitivity |
| CN105806764B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-08-17 | 河海大学 | The anisotropic test device of Asphalt mix for open-graded friction course permeance property and method |
| CN106226218B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-10-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of method of determining tight sand circumferential direction permeability principal direction |
| CN108627441B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-08-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Testing device capable of measuring multi-angle permeability coefficient of layered gravel soil body |
| CN109049273A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 成都理工大学 | The production method of agglomerate opposite sex Similar Material of Rockmass |
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| CN103115820A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-05-22 | 北京科技大学 | Method for confirming anisotropism of jointed rock mass |
| CN104500050A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-04-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fractured reservoir permeability tensor and anisotropy quantitative prediction method |
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