CN105240090A - Technique method used for removing automobile tail gas particles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a technical method that can be used for removing particulate matter in automobile tail gas. The method uses electrostatic dust removal technology as the main technical means, which can be used to remove tiny particles in automobile exhaust, and has a good removal effect on PM2.5 particles in particular. Compared with other particle capture technologies, electrostatic capture technology does not require the use of adsorbents and catalysts, so it has strong adaptability to flue gas components, has no special requirements for fuel sulfur content, and does not generate adsorption due to the accumulation of particulate matter The system is relatively stable in operation, has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, and strong adaptability, which can reduce or eliminate the problems existing in the actual use of the current exhaust particle purification system, and reduce the It can be used as the main technical means for commercial application promotion.

Description

A technical method for removing particulate matter from automobile exhaust

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of automobile exhaust emission pollution control and air pollution treatment, and its technical content relates to a comprehensive solution method for removing particle pollutants in automobile exhaust.

Background technique

In recent years, smog has repeatedly appeared in major cities in my country, and the culprit of this problem is the particulate matter (PM) in the air. Generally speaking, particulate pollutants can be divided into different grade types such as PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and PM0.5 according to their diameters. Among them, PM2.5 inhalable particulate matter is the main particulate pollutant that causes atmospheric smog and respiratory diseases due to its large number. Among the many emission sources of atmospheric particulate pollutants, automobile exhaust emission is one of the most important emission sources. Pollution problems are also getting worse. Studies have shown that automobile exhaust particles discharged into the air not only cause atmospheric smog, but also have adverse effects on the respiratory system, seriously endangering human health.

Generally speaking, there are two main ways to fundamentally reduce vehicle exhaust particulate matter emissions. One is to achieve the purpose of reducing emissions by improving the combustion quality of fuel and finding cleaner alternative fuels; the other is to improve vehicle engines. To improve fuel combustion efficiency, thereby reducing exhaust emissions of particulate matter. However, whether it is the improvement of fuel quality, the research and development of alternative fuels, or the improvement of engines, it takes a lot of manpower, material resources and time, and it is difficult to solve the problem of automobile exhaust emissions in the short term. Moreover, for the vehicles currently in operation, the exhaust emission problem cannot be solved by improving the engine. Because of this, the automobile exhaust particle purification device has been valued by all parties because of its simple technical process, easy installation, remarkable purification effect, and its ability to solve the problem of automobile exhaust particle emissions in a short period of time.

However, for the purification of automobile exhaust particulate pollutants, the currently known technical method is to use a "particle trap" based on the principle of adsorption-combustion. Although this method has the advantages of easy installation and significant effect, it also has a large exhaust resistance. , The adsorption layer is easy to block, the combustion process affects the operation, the catalyst is expensive, and a series of defects such as high requirements on fuel sulfur content make it still unable to be widely used. In order to make the automobile exhaust purification system have the characteristics of high efficiency, low price, strong adaptability, etc., and truly meet the needs of large-scale popularization and application, the present invention aims at the shortcomings of the current automobile exhaust particle purification technology, adopts an original technical solution, and constructs A vehicle exhaust particle removal system is developed to solve the existing problems of the current vehicle exhaust particle purification technology, such as large exhaust emission resistance, easy clogging of the adsorption layer, impact on operation during combustion and ash cleaning, high cost, and high requirements for fuel sulfur content, making it unique It has the characteristics of high efficiency, low price, and strong adaptability, so as to reduce or eliminate the problems existing in the actual use of the exhaust particle purification system, lower the threshold of its actual application, and meet the requirements of large-scale commercial promotion and application.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies and problems existing in the existing automobile exhaust particle purification technology, the invention provides a technical solution for removing the automobile exhaust particle. This method has the characteristics of efficient operation, relatively low cost of operating equipment, and strong adaptability. It is very suitable as a technical solution for automotive exhaust particulate purifiers. Once this technical solution is implemented, it will be possible to solve the problems of automotive exhaust particulate purifiers Due to the existing problems, this technology can be rapidly promoted and applied on a large scale, thereby producing good commercial and social benefits.

The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are: (1) Electrostatic dust removal technology is used as the main technical means to remove tiny particles in the exhaust gas of automobiles. Compared with other particle capture technologies, electrostatic precipitator technology does not require the use of adsorbents and catalysts, so it has strong adaptability to flue gas components, has no special requirements for fuel sulfur content, and will not cause adsorbent blockage due to the accumulation of particulate matter , resulting in problems such as increased exhaust emission resistance, the system operates relatively stably, and can be used as the main technical means to remove automobile exhaust particles. (2) The on-board generator is used as the power supply of the electrostatic removal system for automobile exhaust particles, and a silicon rectifier transformer is used to convert low-voltage alternating current into high-voltage direct current of 15-20kv. (3) Set up an exhaust buffer tank to slow down the flow velocity of automobile exhaust gas and increase the residence time of exhaust gas in the electric field, so that more particles can be captured by the dust collector, thereby improving the removal efficiency. (4) Wrap the electric heating wire outside the dust collection plate to heat the particles to burn them, and the burned particles are converted into carbon dioxide and other gases for clean emission.

The main technical features of the present invention are: (1) Compared with the current tail gas particulate matter removal technology, the entire particulate matter removal process does not use adsorption and catalytic combustion methods, and does not need to use adsorbents and catalysts, which can avoid clogging, poor fuel adaptability and Problems such as high cost caused by expensive catalyst. (2) The exhaust buffer device is installed to reduce the flow velocity of the exhaust gas and increase the residence time of the flue gas in the electrostatic field, so that the particles in the flue gas can be fully charged, and the charged particles can move between the two plates sufficiently Time, so that the particulate matter is captured as much as possible, thereby improving the removal efficiency. (3) An electric heating wire is installed in the collection pole to burn the particulate matter in the dust collection pole. On the one hand, it can reduce the influence of excessive accumulation of dust collection pole particles on the electric field strength, and on the other hand, it can convert the particulate matter into gas for harmless treatment. emission.

detailed description

1. The electric field dust collection part of the automobile exhaust particle electrostatic removal system is composed of a silicon rectifier transformer, a tubular thorn cathode wire, a metal anode particle collecting plate and an outer insulator. The silicon rectifier converts the low voltage transmitted by the automobile generator into 15 ～20kv high voltage to generate corona on the cathode line. After the exhaust particles are charged in the electric field, they move to the anode under the action of the electric field and are captured. Due to the high voltage electric field, the outside of the device needs to be wrapped and sealed with insulating materials. To prevent leakage.

2. The flue gas buffer part of the electrostatic removal system for automobile exhaust particles is composed of an oval buffer tank, which is made of metal. The air inlet is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the air outlet is connected to the dust collection part of the electric field.

3. The combustion of particulate matter in the electrostatic removal system for automobile exhaust particles is realized by heating with electric heating wires. The combustion of particulate matter in the dust collecting electrode is heated by the electric heating wire wound around the periphery of the anode plate, and the cathode combustion device is composed of a metal sleeve on the cathode wire and Composed of heating wire wound on the sleeve, when the heating wire heats the temperature above 800°C, the particles can be burned and converted into gas. The power required by the heating wire still comes from the on-board generator, and the intermittent power supply is adopted through the controller Burning particulate matter.

4. The electric field dust collection device adopts a plurality of horizontally arranged cylindrical cylinders as dust collectors, and a cathode line is arranged in the middle of each cylinder, and the distance between the cathode line and the cylinder wall is 20-30mm. The exhaust gas is diverted through the diversion pipe and enters each cylinder respectively, and the electric heating wire is wound on the outer wall of the cylinder.

5. The entire particle removal system is a cylindrical body with a length of 20-30cm and a diameter of 10-15cm, which can be directly connected with the exhaust pipe of the automobile for easy installation.

Claims (1)

1. the present invention relates to a kind of technological method for removing Vehicle Exhaust Particulate, the technical characteristics of the method comprises following content:

(1) the electric field control of dust part of vehicle exhaust particle electrification removal system is made up of silicon rectifying transformer, tubular type barb cathode ray, metal anode particle dust collector pole and outer insulator, by silicon rectifier, the low tension that automobile current generator transmits is converted to 15 ~ 20kv high-tension electricity and produces corona to make cathode line, after exhaust particulate is charged in the electric field, under electric field force effect, anode moves and is captured, due to high voltage electric field, therefore device outside need seal by wrapped with insulation, with anticreep;

(2) vehicle exhaust particle electrification removal system flue gas buffer portion is made up of an oval knock out drum, and knock out drum material is metal material, and its suction port is connected with outlet pipe, and air outlet is divided with electric field dust collecting section and is connected;

(3) burning of vehicle exhaust particle electrification removal system particles thing is realized by electric-heating-wire-heating mode, wherein, dust collector pole burning particulate matter is by being wound in the electric-heating-wire-heating of positive plate periphery, negative electrode firing unit is then made up of the metal sleeve be enclosed within cathode line and the electric heating wire be wrapped on sleeve, when electric heating wire by heating temperatures to more than 800 DEG C time, particulate matter can burning conversion be gas, electric heating wire required electric power still comes from portable generator, and adopts interruptedly supplying power mode burning particles thing by controller;

(4) electric field dust collect plant adopts multiple horizontal cylindrical tube as dust collector pole, each cylindrical shell intermediate arrangement cathode line, wherein cathode line is 20 ~ 30mm to the spacing of barrel, the tail gas flowed out from knock out drum enters each cylindrical shell respectively after shunt conduit shunting, and electrical heating wire is then wrapped in cylinder body outer wall;

(5) whole particulate matter remove system be one long be 20 ~ 30cm, diameter is the cylindrical integral of 10 ~ 15cm, directly can be connected with vehicle-exhaust exhaust pipe, so that install.