CN105238442B - The method and apparatus for handling the fuel containing alkali metal compound - Google Patents

The method and apparatus for handling the fuel containing alkali metal compound Download PDF

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CN105238442B
CN105238442B CN201410240070.4A CN201410240070A CN105238442B CN 105238442 B CN105238442 B CN 105238442B CN 201410240070 A CN201410240070 A CN 201410240070A CN 105238442 B CN105238442 B CN 105238442B
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gasification
gas
alkali metal
metal compound
fuel
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CN105238442A (en
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吕清刚
朱治平
宋国良
张海霞
高鸣
于旷世
那永洁
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Abstract

A method of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound includes the following steps:The fuel is gasified at 900 1200 DEG C to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash, contains gaseous alkali metal compound in the gasification gas and carries flying dust;To the gasification gas dedusting, to isolate part flying dust;Below the gasification air cooling to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound after dedusting so that gaseous alkali metal compound is formed as alkaline residue, and wherein at least part gaseous alkali metal compound sublimates into solid to be formed as alkaline residue by the nuclei of condensation of the flying dust in the gas that gasifies;And isolate the alkaline residue from gasification gas.

Description

The method and apparatus for handling the fuel containing alkali metal compound
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods and apparatus of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound.
Background technology
In the boiler, the alkali metal compound of the sodium in fuel, potassium etc. can be changed into gaseous compound in combustion, Boiler heating surface is flowed through with flue gas, and is condensed in flue gas cooling procedure.When the alkali metal compound content in fuel compared with Gao Shi easily causes the slagging, contamination and corrosion of boiler heating surface, is adversely affected to the safe and stable operation of boiler.With For the accurate eastern coal in China, sodium content usually reaches 6-8% generally more than 2% in ash component, also be even as high as 10%.I In the agricultural-forestry biomass of state, also there are many sodium potassium content in biomass is relatively high.
The difficult point of high sodium potassium fuel utilization is that the alkali metal compound of sodium, potassium in fuel etc. can turn in combustion Become gaseous compound, cause the corrosion of heating surface, need before combustion, burning in or burning after carry out processing appropriate.
Currently, for the heat utilization of high sodium potassium fuel, usually there are following several approach:
1, fuel pre-processes, such as using washing solution or high temperature and pressure operating condition, removes the alkali metal in fuel Object is closed, a kind of system of raw coal washing removing sodium as disclosed in Chinese patent application CN102533383A.But to fuel before burning Processing needs sodium and kalium element is extracted from solid matter, the process is more complicated.
2, burnings is mixed with non-high sodium potassium fuel, as biomass fuel and coal mix burning, or in combustion using additive, Such as add kaolin, activated bauxite.But mixed in burning and burn other fuel or use additive, operating cost is increased, it is difficult With the extensive use in electric power stations near coal-mines.
3, it recycles or sprays by low-temperature flue gas, make the high-temperature flue gas quick refrigeration that burning generates to gaseous alkali metal The adiabatic condensation temperature of object is closed hereinafter, preventing it from condensing on boiler heating surface, as disclosed in Chinese patent application CN102840592A A kind of low-temperature smoke recirculation system.
4, first fuel is pyrolyzed, then uses pyrolysis char, one as disclosed in Chinese patent application CN102829473A Kind pyrolysis and combustion dual bed systems.But be first pyrolyzed the method burnt again and be difficult to make the sodium and kalium element in fuel to be fully precipitated, it is pyrolyzed Semicoke afterwards is still rich in sodium and kalium element, is still unfavorable for burning and utilizes.
In addition, experimental study shows high sodium potassium fuel after low temperature pyrogenation (600-700 DEG C), the eduction rate of sodium potassium is only 20-30%, even by the high temperature pyrolysis (900 DEG C) being thirty minutes long, the eduction rate of sodium potassium also only has 75%, pyrolysis char In also a large amount of alkali metal elements of remaining, therefore while using pyrolysis char boiler heating surface contamination problems can still occur.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide processing the especially high sodium potassium fuel of the fuel containing alkali metal compound method and Equipment, can stablize, reliably, the low sodium potassium of converting for example high sodium potassium fuel to of safety gasify gas, of low cost, economy Good, gasification gas can carry out burning utilization by conventional method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution of the invention is as follows:
According to an aspect of the present invention, it proposes a kind of methods of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, including Following steps:Gaseous alkali metal compound is enriched in gasification gas the fuel gasification containing alkali metal compound;By gas Change air cooling to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound or less so that at least partly gaseous alkali metal compound is in the gas that gasifies Flying dust is that the nuclei of condensation sublimate into solid to be formed as alkaline residue;Alkaline residue is detached from gasification gas.
Optionally, the fuel is gasified at 900-1200 DEG C to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash.Further, exist 950-1050 DEG C executes gasification to generate the gasification gas.Further, atmospheric gasification is executed at 950-1050 DEG C to generate State gasification gas.Further, the atmospheric gasification gasifies for atmospheric air.The atmospheric air gasification can be that atmospheric air recycles Fluidized gasification.
The above method may also include step:To the gasification gas dedusting, to isolate part flying dust, wherein after dedusting Gasification air cooling to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound below.In the above method, optionally, by the gasification gas after dedusting 550 DEG C or less are cooled to so that gaseous alkali metal compound is formed as alkaline residue.
In the above method, can utilize heat exchange wall surface realize the heat exchange of gasification gas and cooling medium and by the gasification after dedusting Air cooling.Further, the surface temperature of the heat exchange wall surface contacted with gasification gas is less than 500 DEG C.Cooling medium can be that temperature is low In 400 DEG C of water.Optionally, flow velocity of the gasification stream through the wall surface that exchanges heat is not higher than 5m/s.
In the above method, optionally, in the step of to the gasification gas dedusting, 40-60%'s flies in removing gasification gas Ash.
The above method may also include carries out gas solid separation to isolating the gasification gas after alkaline residue, more specifically, will isolate Gasification gas after alkaline residue is cooled further to after 150-250 DEG C, carries out gas solid separation.It can be by the gas after progress gas solid separation Change pneumatic transmission and enters burner burning.
The above method may also include step:The part flying dust isolated is sent into burner burning.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of equipment of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, including: Apparatus for gasifying fuel, the fuel gasify in the apparatus for gasifying fuel to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash, the gasification Contain gaseous alkali metal compound in gas and carries flying dust;Cooling device, for cooling gasification gas to alkali metal compound Solidification temperature below so that at least partly gaseous alkali metal compound sublimates into solid using the flying dust in the gas that gasifies as the nuclei of condensation To be formed as alkaline residue;And separator, for isolating the alkaline residue from gasification gas.
Optionally, apparatus for gasifying fuel provides the gasification temperature at 900-1200 DEG C for the fuel.Optionally, the combustion Material gasification installation is atmospheric air recirculating fluidized bed.
Optionally, the equipment further includes high-temperature dust removing device, to the gasification gas dedusting from apparatus for gasifying fuel to divide Separate out part flying dust.Optionally, the high-temperature dust removing device is cyclone separator.
Optionally, the cooling device includes pipe heat exchanger, and the pipe heat exchanger includes cooling tube, is flowed in cooling tube Dynamic cooling medium, the temperature of outside wall surface of the gasification stream through cooling tube, the outside wall surface of the cooling tube are less than 500 DEG C.
Optionally, the equipment further includes auxiliary cooling device, for cooling and isolating the gasification gas of the alkaline residue extremely 150-250℃.Further, the equipment further includes low temperature cleaner, for from being cooled in 150-250 DEG C of gasification gas Isolate solid.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method according to the gas that gasifies from the low sodium potassium of high sodium potassium fuel system of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the gasification air cooling dealkalization method embodiment of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the exemplary of the present invention is described below in detail, the example of embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein identical Or similar label indicates same or analogous element.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings the embodiment described is exemplary, it is intended to be explained The present invention, and be not construed as limiting the claims.
Inventor is had found by experimental study:After high sodium potassium fuel gasification, there are about 90% for the alkali metal compound in fuel In gaseous state, remaining about 10% is in solid-state, therefore the alkali metal compound content in the gasification gas of high sodium potassium fuel is higher.It can be first Gasify high sodium potassium fuel, generation gasification gas, the characteristic for recycling alkali metal compound to be enriched in the gas that gasifies, and removing is enriched to gas Change the alkali metal compound in gas, the alkali metal compound content in gasification gas can be made to be reduced to normal level, meets in routine The requirement used in combustion apparatus, to realize that the indirect burning to high sodium potassium fuel utilizes.
Although needing special, it is noted that in an embodiment of the present invention, being illustrated by taking high sodium potassium fuel as an example, It is that technical scheme of the present invention is also applied for handling the fuel containing alkali metal compound.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of method of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, include the following steps:It will Fuel gasification containing alkali metal compound makes gaseous alkali metal compound be enriched in gasification gas;Gasification air cooling is made At least partly gaseous alkali metal compound sublimates into solid to be formed as alkaline residue by the nuclei of condensation of the flying dust in the gas that gasifies;By alkaline residue It is detached from gasification gas.
Correspondingly, the present invention proposes a kind of equipment of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, including:Fuel gasification Device, the fuel gasify to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash in the apparatus for gasifying fuel, contain in the gasification gas Gaseous alkali metal compound and carry flying dust;Cooling device, the solidification temperature for cooling gasification gas to alkali metal compound Below degree so that gaseous alkali metal compound is formed as solid alkaline residue, and wherein at least gaseous alkali metal compound in part is with gas It is that the nuclei of condensation sublimate into solid to be formed as alkaline residue to change the flying dust in gas;And separator, for being isolated from gasification gas The alkaline residue.
If the gasification of high sodium potassium fuel is carried out under the gasification condition of the high temperature pure oxygen usually used, although efficiency of carbon con version It is higher, but alkali metal compound slag may generate serious corrosion to gasification furnace bottom, middle part and tail portion, to jeopardize gas Change the safe and stable operation of stove.It is therefore advantageous that avoiding the gasification condition of high temperature pure oxygen and using more mild gasification item Part come the high sodium potassium fuel that gasifies to generate gasification gas, for example, the temperature of gasification is controlled at 900-1200 DEG C or further 950-1050 DEG C of range.
Mild gasification may include atmospheric gasification, and especially atmospheric air gasifies, and gasification in-furnace temperature is relatively low, although carbon Conversion ratio is less than high temperature pure oxygen gasification, but the gasification of high sodium potassium fuel in a mild condition, is especially controlled at 900-1200 DEG C Or further 950-1050 DEG C of range when, be quite safe to gasification furnace body itself, the gasification of high sodium potassium fuel can be made Process becomes feasible.Gasified using atmospheric air recirculating fluidized bed, then can remained to obtain relatively high under mild gasification condition Efficiency of carbon con version.
Gasification air cooling dealkalize principle be:Alkali metal compound exists in a gaseous form in high-temperature gasification gas, but When gasification gas is cooled to 600-800 DEG C, gaseous alkali metal compound can be condensed into liquid, be then frozen at 600 DEG C or less Solid, if gasification gas is directly cooled to 600 DEG C hereinafter, gaseous alkali metal compound can directly sublimate to solid.Transformation After solid-state, so that it may to be separated it from gasification gas by gas solid separation.
Heat exchange wall surface can be utilized to realize the heat exchange of gasification gas and cooling medium and by the gasification air cooling after dedusting.Example Such as, by the gasification air cooling after dedusting to 550 DEG C or less so that gaseous alkali metal compound is formed as alkaline residue.However, in order to It is bonded in when alkali metal compound being prevented to be changed into solid-state on heat exchange wall surface, the temperature of heat exchange wall surface can be controlled, stablized Control alkali metal compound and/or solidification will not be made as possible or sublimated to be happened in the temperature range of heat exchange wall surface condensation In space rather than on heat exchange wall surface.
By selecting the inlet temperature and flow of suitable cooling medium, the temperature for the wall surface that exchanges heat can be controlled at 500 DEG C Below.By the separative efficiency of control separating at high temperature, such as using cyclone separator, it can pass through and control whirlwind The entrance granule density of separator, gas flow rate, cyclone separator central tube shape and size come band in the gas that gasify There are the suitable flying dust of quantity, such as the flying dust of 40-60%, to provide the nuclei of condensation to solidify and sublimating, exists for alkali metal compound It solidifies or sublimates in gas-phase space and create better condition.Flow velocity when gasification stream crosses heat exchange wall surface can also be controlled, it can Selection of land, flow velocity of the gasification stream through the wall surface that exchanges heat is not higher than 5m/s, to prevent alkali metal compound particle from being glued under high velocity effect It is attached on heat exchange wall surface, further avoids the contamination of heat exchange wall surface.Cooling medium can be the water that temperature is less than 400 DEG C.
Go out in the gasification gas of alkaline residue that alkali metal compound content is relatively low by gas solid separation, conventional method can be used and carry out profit With such as the fuel gas as routine uses.
In addition, to further being cooled down by the gasification gas of cooling dealkalization, gasification temperature degree is made to be down to 150-250 DEG C Afterwards, then gas solid separation is carried out, is adapted to the requirement of conventional dust removal device, such as the requirement of bag filter.
This gasification process generate lime-ash include:The gasification bottom ash being discharged from gasification furnace, by high-temperature dust removal from High Temperature Gas Change the flying dust isolated in gas, and during cooling dealkalization, using flying dust as the nuclei of condensation, wraps up the alkali of alkali metal compound Slag.Gasification bottom ash, flying dust, alkaline residue total amount is determined by the dust burdening and sodium potassium content of fuel, wherein in gasify bottom ash and flying dust Alkali metal content it is relatively low, can be used conventional method burning utilize;It is rich in alkali metal element in alkaline residue, conventional solution can be used Method etc. is leached, is recycled, and since alkali metal content is far above original fuel, phase is handled with directly removing sodium is carried out to original fuel Than validity higher, the cost recycled is less expensive.
Using above-mentioned principle, although the flue gas for the generation that can also directly burn to high sodium potassium fuel is handled, burning The exhaust gas volumn of generation is about 2.5 times of gasification tolerance.Therefore, first gasify dealkalize again compared with carrying out dealkalize to flue gas after burning, It handles narrow-minded, at low cost.
To sum up, by first gasification to high sodium potassium fuel, so that alkali metal is enriched in gasification gas, then gasification gas is taken off Alkali, then burning utilize the lower gasification gas of alkali metal content, and the stabilization to high sodium potassium fuel, reliable, safety may be implemented It utilizes, and of low cost, the appropriate economic processing of the prior art can be used in the lime-ash of gasification.
The step of forming alkaline residue can be carried out at the same time with the step of detaching alkaline residue from gasification gas.
In addition, it is necessary to, it is noted that the above-mentioned form using heat exchange wall surface is not limited to the cooling for the gas that gasifies, as long as can Gaseous alkali metal compound is cooled to solid i.e. alkaline residue.For example, lower temperature (such as 150 can will be will be cooled to DEG C) the gasification gas of appropriate amount be passed directly in the gasification gas containing gaseous alkali metal compound to reduce gaseous alkali metal Close the temperature of object.
Distance describes technical scheme of the present invention in an illustrative manner below.
The method of the gas that gasified by the low sodium potassium of high sodium potassium fuel system as shown in Figure 1, is sodium in 20%, ash component to dust burdening The eastern coal of standard that potassium content is 10% gasifies:Accurate eastern coal is sent into atmosphere circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, at 900-1000 DEG C Lower carry out air gasification, generates 950 DEG C or so of high-temperature gasification gas, gasification bottom ash and flying dust, and bottom ash is discharged from gasification furnace bottom;Band There is the gasification gas of flying dust through cyclone separator high-temperature dust removal, isolate about 50% flying dust, remaining flying dust enters cooling with gasification gas Dealkalize process, gasification gas is cooled, and alkali metal compound is condensed or sublimated from gasification gas, and formation is enriched alkali metal compound Alkaline residue;Gasification gas after cooling carries out low temperature dedusting again, isolates alkaline residue, the low temperature gas of clean, low sodium potassium obtained from Change gas, is utilized for burning.To improve the calorific value of gasification gas, oxygen-rich gasification can also be used, but gasification temperature should be controlled in 900- Within the scope of 1000 DEG C, in order to avoid generate alkali metal slag.
Per 1000g the lower bottom ash of about 44g sodium potassium contents is generated after accurate eastern coal gasification;Remaining ash content is changed into flying dust, with The gas that gasifies is discharged, unburned carbon in flue dust about 20%, then common property gives birth to flying dust about 200g, wherein about 50%, i.e. 100g is in high-temperature dust removal It is separated, remaining becomes the nuclei of condensation of alkali metal compound in cooling dealkalization, forms about 100g alkaline residues.In this way, 1000g After quasi- east coal gasification, the lower bottom ash of about 140g sodium potassium contents and flying dust are generated, while it is higher to generate about 100g sodium potassium contents Alkaline residue.The former can be sent directly into after-flame carbon residue in combustion apparatus;The latter is enriched alkali metal compound, compared with original fuel, Sodium potassium content is improved by 2% to nearly 20%, can be used for extracting alkali metal compound, and treating capacity falls sharply from 1000g to 100g.
Wherein, cooling dealkalization process is such:
High sodium potassium fuel gasification is generated and 950 DEG C or so of the gasification gas G through high-temperature dust removal is passed through serpentine heat exchange Device S, flows outside pipe, and cooling medium C is passed through in pipe, such as 200 DEG C of water, and by adjusting flow velocity of the water in pipe, controls snake The wall surface temperature of shape pipe at 500 DEG C hereinafter, will gasification gas be cooled to 550 DEG C hereinafter, gaseous alkali metal compound to gasify Flying dust in gas is that the nuclei of condensation sublimate into solid, forms alkaline residue A.
Again by a conventional chilling device, so that gasification gas is cooled further to 200 DEG C, then collected by bag filter Alkaline residue A obtains clean low sodium potassium gasification gas.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can be changed these embodiments.The applicable model of the present invention It encloses and is defined by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (25)

1. a kind of method of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, includes the following steps:
Gaseous alkali metal compound is enriched in gasification gas the fuel gasification containing alkali metal compound;
Below gasification air cooling to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound so that at least partly gaseous alkali metal compound is with gas It is that the nuclei of condensation sublimate into solid to be formed as alkaline residue to change the flying dust in gas;
Alkaline residue is detached from gasification gas,
Wherein, the heat exchange of gasification gas and cooling medium is realized by using heat exchange wall surface to cool down gasification gas, by alkaline residue from gasification It is detached in gas, including at least one of the following:
By selecting the inlet temperature and flow of suitable cooling medium, the temperature for the wall surface that will exchange heat to control at 500 DEG C or less;
By controlling the separative efficiency of separating at high temperature, to carry the suitable flying dust of quantity in the gas that gasify, to promote as in gas It solidifies and sublimates in phase space and the nuclei of condensation are provided;With
Flow velocity when exchanging heat wall surface is crossed to prevent alkali metal compound particle from being adhered under high velocity effect by controlling gasification stream On heat exchange wall surface.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein:
The fuel is gasified at 900-1200 DEG C to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein:
Gasification is executed at 950-1050 DEG C to generate the gasification gas.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein:
Atmospheric gasification is executed at 950-1050 DEG C to generate the gasification gas.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein:
The atmospheric gasification gasifies for atmospheric air.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, wherein:
The atmospheric air gasification is that atmospheric air recirculating fluidized bed gasifies.
Further include step 7. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-6:
To the gasification gas dedusting, to isolate part flying dust,
It wherein, will be below the gasification air cooling to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound after dedusting.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein:
By the gasification air cooling after dedusting to 550 DEG C or less so that gaseous alkali metal compound is formed as alkaline residue.
9. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein:
Using the heat exchange of heat exchange wall surface realization gasification gas and cooling medium by the gasification air cooling after dedusting.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein:
The surface temperature of the heat exchange wall surface contacted with gasification gas is less than 500 DEG C.
11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein:
Cooling medium is the water that temperature is less than 400 DEG C.
12. according to the method described in any one of claim 9-11, wherein:
Flow velocity of the gasification stream through the wall surface that exchanges heat is not higher than 5m/s.
13. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein:
In the step of to the gasification gas dedusting, the flying dust of 40-60% in gasification gas is removed.
14. according to the method described in claim 1, further including following steps:
Gas solid separation is carried out to isolating the gasification gas after alkaline residue.
15. the method according to claim 11, wherein:
It will isolate after the gasification gas after alkaline residue is cooled further to 150-250 DEG C, carry out gas solid separation.
16. the method according to claims 14 or 15 further includes following steps:
Gasification pneumatic transmission after progress gas solid separation is entered into burner burning.
17. according to the method described in claim 7, further including following steps:
The part flying dust isolated is sent into burner burning.
18. a kind of equipment of fuel of the processing containing alkali metal compound, including:
Apparatus for gasifying fuel, the fuel gasifies in the apparatus for gasifying fuel to generate gasification gas and gasification bottom ash, described Contain gaseous alkali metal compound in gasification gas and carries flying dust;
Cooling device, below cooling gasification gas to the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound so that at least partly gaseous bases gold Belong to compound and sublimates into solid by the nuclei of condensation of the flying dust in the gas that gasifies to be formed as alkaline residue;And
Separator, for isolating the alkaline residue from gasification gas,
Wherein, the cooling device realizes the heat exchange of gasify gas and cooling medium by using heat exchange wall surface to cool down gasification gas extremely Below the solidification temperature of alkali metal compound so that at least partly gaseous alkali metal compound is condensation with the flying dust in the gas that gasifies Core sublimates into solid to be formed as alkaline residue, including passes through at least one of the following:
By selecting the inlet temperature and flow of suitable cooling medium, the temperature for the wall surface that will exchange heat to control at 500 DEG C or less;
By controlling the separative efficiency of separating at high temperature, to carry the suitable flying dust of quantity in the gas that gasify, to promote as in gas It solidifies and sublimates in phase space and the nuclei of condensation are provided;With
Flow velocity when exchanging heat wall surface is crossed to prevent alkali metal compound particle from being adhered under high velocity effect by controlling gasification stream On heat exchange wall surface.
19. equipment according to claim 18, wherein:
Apparatus for gasifying fuel provides the gasification temperature at 900-1200 DEG C for the fuel.
20. equipment according to claim 19, wherein:
The apparatus for gasifying fuel is atmospheric air recirculating fluidized bed.
21. according to the equipment described in any one of claim 18-20, further include:
High-temperature dust removing device, to the gasification gas dedusting from apparatus for gasifying fuel to isolate part flying dust.
22. equipment according to claim 21, wherein:
The high-temperature dust removing device is cyclone separator.
23. equipment according to claim 18, wherein:
The cooling device includes pipe heat exchanger, and the pipe heat exchanger includes cooling tube, and cooling Bottomhole pressure cools down medium, The temperature of outside wall surface of the gasification stream through cooling tube, the outside wall surface of the cooling tube is less than 500 DEG C.
24. equipment according to claim 18, further includes:
Auxiliary cooling device, for cooling and isolating the gasification gas of the alkaline residue to 150-250 DEG C.
25. equipment according to claim 24, further includes:
Low temperature cleaner, for isolating solid from the gasification gas for being cooled to 150-250 DEG C.
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