CN102671410B - Sensible heat recovery device with ash capture for preventing slag bonding and staining - Google Patents

Sensible heat recovery device with ash capture for preventing slag bonding and staining Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102671410B
CN102671410B CN201210172504.2A CN201210172504A CN102671410B CN 102671410 B CN102671410 B CN 102671410B CN 201210172504 A CN201210172504 A CN 201210172504A CN 102671410 B CN102671410 B CN 102671410B
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slag
temperature
gas
ash
heat
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CN102671410A (en
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葛学利
乌晓江
马胜
倪建军
刘煜
李平
张艳伟
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Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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Abstract

The invention provides a sensible heat recovery device with ash capture for preventing slag bonding and staining, which comprises a heat recovery unit. The heat recovery unit comprises a housing, and a high-temperature section radiation heat exchange unit and a low-temperature section convection heat exchange unit are sequentially arranged in the housing along an airstream direction of high-temperature gas. The sensible heat recovery device is characterized by also comprising a slag collecting chamber for effectively capturing fused slag in high-temperature gas; the slag collecting chamber is connected with an air inlet arranged on the housing through a transition section; and a chilling section is arranged between the high-temperature section radiation heat exchange unit and the low-temperature section convection heat exchange unit, and the chilling section cools the gas entering the low-temperature section convection heat exchange unit, so that gaseous alkali metal contained in the gas can not be condensed in the low-temperature section convection heat exchange unit. The sensible heat recovery device capable of effectively preventing a heated surface from being slagged and stained disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for recovery of high-temperature ash gas generated after combustion or gasification of easily-stained or slagged coal.

Description

A kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for producing to after carbonaceous fuel gasifying or burning the device that high temperature dusty gas carries out Exposure degree.
Background technology
(English full name is integrated gasification combined cycle plants: Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle, hereinafter referred to as IGCC) be one of cutting edge technology of current global clean energy resource utilization, it is compared with common coal-fired power generator set, advantage is more efficiently to utilize coal resources, and greatly reduces the discharge of burning pollutant.In IGCC system, energy recycle device is absolutely necessary equipment.Compared with chilling process, heat recovering device is adopted to increase substantially system effectiveness, the recyclable energy being equivalent to 15 ~ 25% of raw coal low heat valve, makes heating gas efficiency reach 90 ~ 95%, IGCC net efficiency and improves 4 ~ 5% (compared with pot destroying process).Industrial used energy recycle device is mainly based on the chilling process (Quench+convection current exhaust-heat boiler) of the waste heat boiler form used in Texaco gasifier (radiation+convection current exhaust-heat boiler) and Shell gasification furnace at present.The heating surface of texaco gasification technology is single or multiple lift water wall structure, and the problem that industry park plan shows is that Boiler Heating Surfaces, dust stratification are serious, has a strong impact on the security of operation.Main cause is that the molten state lime-ash carried in gas bonds on heating surface, reduces the exchange capability of heat of heating surface, and forms stifled slag, causes interruption of service time serious.Shell gasification technology safety in operation is better, but chilling process can reduce the energy figure of synthesis gas to a great extent, reduces whole efficiency, improves the operating cost of system.
For this reason, for easy contamination, slagging scorification coal, Boiler Heating Surfaces, contamination can be effectively prevented in the urgent need to developing one, and there is simple, the easy to operate energy recycle device of structure, to raising IGCC systems generate electricity efficiency, availability and Suitability of Coals is of great practical significance and industrial application value, promote the large-area applications of the industry such as IGCC, Coal Chemical Industry in China further.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of energy recycle device for IGCC system that can prevent Boiler Heating Surfaces, dust stratification.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention there is provided a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination, comprise heat recovery units, heat recovery units comprises housing, high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and low-temperature zone heat convection unit is provided with successively along the airflow direction of high-temperature gas in housing, it is characterized in that: also comprise slag trapping chamber, by slag trapping chamber, the molten ash in high-temperature gas is effectively caught, slag trapping chamber is connected with the air inlet be located on housing by changeover portion, Quench section is provided with between high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and low-temperature zone heat convection unit, by Quench section, the gas entering low-temperature zone heat convection unit is lowered the temperature, thus make the gaseous alkali metal contained in gas cannot condensation in low-temperature zone heat convection unit.
Preferably, described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit comprises gas channeling room, and gas channeling room is positioned at described air inlet place, is provided with radiation heating-surface in the below of gas channeling room; Described low-temperature zone heat convection unit comprises convection heating surface, is provided with discharge chamber in the below of convection heating surface, and gas is discharged via the gas vent arranged on the housing by discharge chamber.
Preferably, described radiation heating-surface is multilayer water wall structure, and water-cooling wall adopts straight tube and/or coil pipe; Described convection heating surface is coil pipe or the coiled pipe water-cooling wall of the multilayer adopting single hop or multistage to arrange.
Preferably, described slag trapping chamber comprises pressure housing, pressure housing is provided with slag trapping chamber's entrance, be provided with in pressure housing and catch slag device, catch the below that slag device is positioned at slag trapping chamber's entrance, high-temperature gas is entered in pressure housing by slag trapping chamber's entrance and enters described heat recovery units via catching after slag caught by slag device by described changeover portion, is provided with in the below of catching slag device the slag bath be placed in pressure housing.
Preferably, described pressure housing, described in catch slag device and described slag trapping chamber entrance is coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the liner of described pressure housing is refractory material, and the sidewall of described slag bath is provided with overfall, and refractory material is arranged in the top of overfall and is supported by the gripper shoe be positioned at above overfall.
Preferably, described in catch the height of lower end higher than the liquid level of described slag bath of slag device, described in catch slag device and be made up of high-temperature alloy or ceramic material.
Preferably, described in catch slag device and comprise by the obtained cylindrical shell of High-temperature resistant alloy material or ceramic prepared material, the middle part of cylindrical shell is formed allows the central passage that high-temperature gas passes through, and the lateral surface and inwall of cylindrical shell are respectively equipped with one deck refractory coating.
Preferably, described changeover portion is controlled more than 750 DEG C by the Outlet Gas Temperature of Water Cooling Technology by described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit.
Preferably, described changeover portion comprises cylindrical compression housing, and the inwall of cylindrical compression housing is furnished with water-cooling wall, in angle α between the axis of cylindrical compression housing and horizontal line, and-60 °≤α≤60 °.
Preferably, the gas entering described low-temperature zone heat convection unit is cooled to less than 550 DEG C by described Quench section.
Preferably, described Quench section comprises the waisting structure between described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and described low-temperature zone heat convection unit, the sidewall of waisting structure is provided with Quench spout, angle β is formed, 30 °≤β≤60 ° between the center line of each Quench spout and described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit axis.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is: the recovery of high-temperature gas energy is divided into high temperature section and low-temperature zone two parts according to the height of temperature.High temperature section heat exchange is based on radiation, and low-temperature zone heat exchange is based on convection current.The subject matter that current industrial high temperature section Exposure degree runs into is that in high-temperature gas, molten ash very easily forms slagging scorification on the surface at heating surface in cooling procedure, thus reduces heat transfer effect, affects the safe operation of equipment, the problem that low-temperature zone Exposure degree runs into contains more Na in the gas produced after high-alkali coal combustion or gasification, the gaseous alkali metal such as K, condensation is there is in these gaseous alkali metal and alkali metal oxide in 550-750 DEG C of temperature range, and present higher viscosity, very easily formed at heating surface condense on surfaces and stain bottom, under reducing atmosphere, by forming the materials such as complex salt with acidic materials generation chemical reaction, this material has stronger viscosity at this temperature, a large amount of flying dust can be caught, thus heating surface occurrence of large-area is stain, have impact on heat exchange efficiency and equipment availability greatly.The present invention adopts high temperature to catch the measure such as slag technology and low temperature Quench technology, by design, the most of lime-ash in high-temperature gas before entering heat recovery units effectively catches by slag trapping chamber, reduce to greatest extent on heat recovery units internal heating surface and slagging scorification occurs, the possibility of staiing, simultaneously, easily there is the convection heating surface entry design Quench section of heating surface contamination, in effective control low-temperature heat exchange parts, the temperature of gas is below 550 DEG C, avoid the temperature range that gaseous alkali metal oxide easily bonds, thus effectively prevent heat recovery units Boiler Heating Surfaces, the generation of staiing, specifically describe as follows:
(1) high temperature catches slag technology: adopt high temperature to catch slag technology, by arranging slag trapping chamber before heat recovery units, molten ash in high-temperature gas is effectively caught, thus significantly reduce the lime-ash concentration entering high-temperature gas in heat recovery units, reduce to greatest extent at the slagging scorification of recuperation of heat unit internal heating surface, inclination to soiling, fundamentally solve the possibility of heating surface generation slagging scorification, contamination;
(2) heat recovery units inlet gas temperature control technique: be furnished with changeover portion between slag trapping chamber and heat recovery units, this section adopts Water Cooling Technology, the temperature of heat recovery units import can be regulated when device load variations, to regulate the outlet temperature of radiation heating-surface higher than 750 DEG C, prevent the large-area contamination of heating surface occurred because of alkali metal condensation;
(3) low temperature Quench technology: for the temperature range 550-750 DEG C that the contamination of alkali metal flying dust easily occurs, the present invention adopts Quench technology rapidly gas temperature to be dropped to less than 550 DEG C within short time and space, to protect heating surface.Simultaneously because the existence of Quench gas can increase the gas flow and gas flow rate that enter convection section, effectively increase the coefficient of heat transfer of convection heating surface and the dust stratification on heating surface surface, improve the heat transfer effect of heat exchanger.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, adopt distinctive slag trapping chamber structure, the molten state lime-ash of more than 90% can be caught, and collect in slag bath, the slagging prevention capacity making the present invention have other energy recycle devices not have;
2, Suitability of Coals of the present invention is wide, low to the requirement of ash fusion point and natrium potassium salt content;
3, the amount of Quench gas required for the present invention is few, and operating cost is low.Adopt Quench cooling in low-temperature zone, because cooling extent is little, the method gas consumption of higher temperatures section Quench is few, and GAS QUALITY comparatively additive method is high;
4, structure of the present invention is simple, easy to maintenance, reduces operating cost.Because slag trapping chamber is to the high catch rate of lime-ash, the operating cost of follow-up cleaner can be reduced.
5, heat exchange efficiency of the present invention is high.As everyone knows, radiation heat transfer is when gas componant is determined, temperature is the decisive factor affecting exchange capability of heat.The present invention can, when ensureing the heating surface not slagging scorification of high temperature heat transfer zone, adopt multilayer heating surface to increase heat exchange area.Adopt in heat convection district coil pipe or coiled pipe membrane wall to carry out transversal flow, improve surperficial heat-transmission coefficient, and then improve heat exchange efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of heat recovering device of the Anti-slagging that catches with lime-ash of a kind of in embodiment and contamination;
Fig. 2 is the slag trapping chamber's structural representation in Fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the present invention become apparent, hereby with preferred embodiment, and accompanying drawing is coordinated to be described in detail below.
Following examples 1 and embodiment 2 Anti-slagging that all to have employed as shown in Figure 1 a kind of catches with lime-ash and the heat recovering device of contamination comprise slag trapping chamber 1 and heat recovery units 15, and slag trapping chamber 1 is connected with the air inlet of heat recovery units 15 by changeover portion 6.
Wherein, composition graphs 2, slag trapping chamber 1 comprises pressure housing 2, arranges slag trapping chamber's entrance 4 on the top of pressure housing 2, hangs and catches slag device 3, catch the below that slag device 3 is positioned at slag trapping chamber's entrance 4 in pressure housing 2.Catch slag device 3 to be made up of high-temperature alloy or ceramic material.Catch slag device 3 and comprise the cylindrical shell obtained by High-temperature resistant alloy material or ceramic prepared material, the middle part of cylindrical shell is formed allows the central passage that high-temperature gas passes through, and the lateral surface and inwall of cylindrical shell are respectively equipped with one deck refractory coating.When high-temperature gas is passed through by central passage, cylindrical shell radially forms liquid ash slag blanket and solid-state ash bed from inside to outside successively.Pressure housing 2, catch slag device 3 and slag trapping chamber's entrance 4 is coaxially arranged.The slag bath 5 be placed in pressure housing 2 is provided with in the below of catching slag device 3.Catch the height of lower end higher than the liquid level of described slag bath 5 of slag device 3.Catch slag device 3 to be mainly used to catch the liquid lime-ash entered by slag trapping chamber's entrance 4, collect in slag bath 5 and cool.The liner of pressure housing 2 is refractory material 17, the sidewall of slag bath 5 is provided with overfall 19, refractory material 17 is arranged in the top of overfall 19 and is supported by the gripper shoe 18 be positioned at above overfall 19, prevents refractory material 17 because of the change appearance damage of thermal stress with this.Outside water is injected in slag bath 5 by cooling water inlet.
High-temperature gas is entered by slag trapping chamber's entrance 4 and catches slag device 3 and catch slag, owing to there is slag bath 5 in the below of catching slag device 3, catches the high-temperature gas after slag and turns to, thus enter the circular passage being positioned at and catching slag device 3 side, then enter changeover portion 6 through slag trapping chamber gas outlet.Changeover portion 6 comprises cylindrical compression housing, and the inwall of cylindrical compression housing is furnished with water-cooling wall.Changeover portion 6 enters the temperature of heat recovery units high temperature dusty gas by Water Cooling Technology regulation and control, and the Outlet Gas Temperature of high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit in heat recovery units 15 is controlled more than 750 DEG C.In angle α between the axis of cylindrical compression housing and horizontal line ,-60 °≤α≤60 °.
Heat recovery units 15 comprises housing 9, in housing 9, be provided with high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit, Quench section 10 and low-temperature zone heat convection unit successively along the airflow direction of high-temperature gas.Wherein, high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit comprises gas channeling room 7, and gas channeling room 7 is positioned at the air inlet place of housing 9, is provided with radiation heating-surface 8 in the below of gas channeling room 7.The effect of buffer gas and the adjustments of gas flow direction is played in gas channeling room 7.Radiation heating-surface 8 is multilayer water wall structure, and water-cooling wall adopts straight tube or coil pipe or both combinations, plays the effect of adjustment gas direction and small size climate comfort.
By Quench section 10, the gas entering low-temperature zone heat convection unit is cooled to less than 550 DEG C, wherein, Quench section 10 comprises the waisting structure 12 between described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and described low-temperature zone heat convection unit, the sidewall of waisting structure 12 has been evenly arranged Quench spout 11, angle β is formed, 30 °≤β≤60 ° between the center line of each Quench spout 11 and described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit axis.
Low-temperature zone heat convection unit comprises convection heating surface 14, is provided with discharge chamber 13 in the below of convection heating surface 14, and gas is discharged via the gas vent 16 be arranged on housing 9 by discharge chamber 13.Convection heating surface 14 is coil pipe or the coiled pipe water-cooling wall of the multilayer adopting single hop or multistage to arrange.
Embodiment 1
A daily handling ability is the dry powder gasification furnace of 3000 tons of coals, and vapor pressure is 4.0MPa, and after gasification synthesis gas, slag trapping chamber's inlet temperature is 1300 DEG C, and going out vaporizer total gas flow rate is 26706Nm3/h.Slag trapping chamber's internal diameter is 3.6m, catching slag device 3 internal diameter is 2.5m, catch slag device and adopt high-temperature alloy steel, surface is provided with refractory coating material, and synthesis gas enters gas channeling room 7 after changeover portion 6 chilling temperature will be 1250 DEG C, and radiation heating-surface 8 adopts trilamellar membrane formula water wall structure, gas outlet temperature is 780 DEG C, after Quench section 10 cools, gas temperature is 530 DEG C, and convection heating surface 14 adopts membrane type coil wall structure, gas vent 260 DEG C.Its coal analysis is as shown in the table:
Title Unit Numerical value
Low heat valve MJ/kg 22.76
As-received ash content 11
Car 60.33
Har 3.62
Oar 9.95
Nar 0.69
Sar 0.41
SiO2 36.71
Al2O3 13.99
Fe2O3 13.85
CaO 22.92
K2O 0.72
Na2O 1.23
DT 1130
ST 1160
FT 1210
Embodiment 2
A daily handling ability is the dry powder gasification furnace of 3000 tons of coals, and vapor pressure is 4.0MPa, and after gasification synthesis gas, slag trapping chamber's inlet temperature is 1400 DEG C, and gasification synthesis gas total amount is 27402Nm3/h.Slag trapping chamber's internal diameter is 3.7m, catching slag device 3 internal diameter is 2.5m, catch slag device and adopt high-temperature alloy steel, surface is provided with refractory coating material, and synthesis gas enters gas channeling room 7 after changeover portion 6 chilling temperature will be 1360 DEG C, radiation heating-surface 8 adopts monolayer film type water wall structure, gas outlet temperature is 730 DEG C, and Quench section does not adopt shock gas, directly enters convection heating surface 14, convection heating surface 14 adopts membrane type coil wall structure, gas vent 260 DEG C.

Claims (10)

1. the Anti-slagging caught with lime-ash and the heat recovering device of contamination, comprise heat recovery units (15), heat recovery units (15) comprises housing (9), high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and low-temperature zone heat convection unit is provided with successively along the airflow direction of high-temperature gas in housing (9), it is characterized in that: also comprise slag trapping chamber (1), by slag trapping chamber (1), the molten ash in high-temperature gas is effectively caught, slag trapping chamber (1) is connected with the air inlet be located on housing (9) by changeover portion (6), Quench section (10) is provided with between high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and low-temperature zone heat convection unit, by Quench section (10), the gas entering low-temperature zone heat convection unit is lowered the temperature, thus make the gaseous alkali metal that contains in gas cannot condensation in low-temperature zone heat convection unit,
Described slag trapping chamber (1) comprises pressure housing (2), pressure housing (2) is provided with slag trapping chamber's entrance (4), be provided with in pressure housing (2) and catch slag device (3), catch the below that slag device (3) is positioned at slag trapping chamber's entrance (4), high-temperature gas is entered in pressure housing (2) by slag trapping chamber's entrance (4) and enters described heat recovery units (15) via catching after slag caught by slag device (3) by described changeover portion (6), is provided with the slag bath (5) be placed in pressure housing (2) in the below of catching slag device (3);
Described slag device (3) of catching comprises the cylindrical shell obtained by High-temperature resistant alloy material or ceramic prepared material, and the middle part of cylindrical shell is formed allows the central passage that described high-temperature gas passes through, and the lateral surface and inwall of cylindrical shell are respectively equipped with one deck refractory coating; The described height of lower end higher than the liquid level of described slag bath (5) of catching slag device (3);
Described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit comprises gas channeling room (7), and gas channeling room (7) are positioned at described air inlet place, is provided with radiation heating-surface (8) in the below of gas channeling room (7); Described radiation heating-surface (8) is multilayer water wall structure, and water-cooling wall adopts straight tube and/or coil pipe;
Described Quench section (10) comprises the waisting structure (12) between described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit and described low-temperature zone heat convection unit, and the sidewall of waisting structure (12) is provided with Quench spout (11).
2. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low-temperature zone heat convection unit comprises convection heating surface (14), be provided with discharge chamber (13) in the below of convection heating surface (14), gas is discharged via the gas vent (16) be arranged on described housing (9) by discharge chamber (13).
3. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described convection heating surface (14) is coil pipe or the coiled pipe water-cooling wall of the multilayer adopting single hop or multistage to arrange.
4. a kind of Anti-slagging of catching with lime-ash and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described pressure housing (2), described in catch slag device (3) and described slag trapping chamber entrance (4) is coaxially arranged.
5. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the liner of described pressure housing (2) is refractory material (17), the sidewall of described slag bath (5) is provided with overfall (19), and refractory material (17) is arranged in the top of overfall (19) and is supported by the gripper shoe (18) being positioned at overfall (19) top.
6. a kind of Anti-slagging of catching with lime-ash and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described in catch slag device (3) and be made up of high-temperature alloy or ceramic material.
7. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described changeover portion (6) is controlled more than 750 DEG C by the Outlet Gas Temperature of Water Cooling Technology by described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit.
8. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described changeover portion (6) comprises cylindrical compression housing, the inwall of cylindrical compression housing is furnished with water-cooling wall, in angle α between the axis of cylindrical compression housing and horizontal line ,-60 °≤α≤60 °.
9. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas entering described low-temperature zone heat convection unit is cooled to less than 550 DEG C by described Quench section (10).
10. a kind of with the Anti-slagging of lime-ash seizure and the heat recovering device of contamination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: between the center line of each described Quench spout (11) and described high temperature section radiation heat transfer unit axis, form angle β, 30 °≤β≤60 °.
CN201210172504.2A 2012-05-29 2012-05-29 Sensible heat recovery device with ash capture for preventing slag bonding and staining Active CN102671410B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102977931B (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-08-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Integrated rotary radiation preheating mixing type heat recovery device with smoke chilling function
CN102977925B (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-08-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Mixed energy utilization device for integrated rotary radiant boiler preheating boiler
CN103013581B (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-08-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Integrated rotation type radiant boiler and preheating boiler mixed heat recovery unit
CN105202535B (en) * 2015-10-15 2017-10-24 上海锅炉厂有限公司 A kind of burner suitable for high basic metal content fuel

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CN102213409A (en) * 2011-04-02 2011-10-12 华东理工大学 Double-barrel water cooled wall type radiation waste boiler with adjusting function and industrial application thereof

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