CN105224677B - A kind of database operation method and device - Google Patents
A kind of database operation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105224677B CN105224677B CN201510673209.9A CN201510673209A CN105224677B CN 105224677 B CN105224677 B CN 105224677B CN 201510673209 A CN201510673209 A CN 201510673209A CN 105224677 B CN105224677 B CN 105224677B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
Abstract
A kind of database operation method and device, the database are non-relational key value database；The method includes：The ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block is calculated, the ideal key assignments space is than the ratio for keypad and value area's actual storage data occupied space；Idle systems block is chosen, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied into the idle systems block；The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；Discharge the selecting system block.The method and device can efficiently utilize resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to database field more particularly to a kind of database operation methods and device.
Background technology
Nosql (not only sql, not only sql) is a kind of non-relational database, is primarily used to solve half
The storage problem of structural data and unstructured data.Demand to the read-write of database high concurrent, relevant database can
Up to ten thousand read requests per second are dealt with, but up to ten thousand write requests per second cannot be born, or the mixing of read-write is asked.
The demand of efficient storage and access to mass data, Nosql databases can handle the data of magnanimity, Neng Gouyun
Row is on a large amount of cheap common server clusters.The demand of High Availabitity and Highly Scalable to database, the number of relationship type
It is difficult to according to library extending transversely, Nosql databases can carry out performance by increasing the data of hardware and the quantity of service node
It is extending transversely with load capacity.
In the web2.0 epoch, importance of the Nosql products in internet industry is with internet and its mobile Internet
Development and Japanese TV play increases, in the application of Large-Scale Interconnected net, accessed to cope with extensive, high concurrent, all introduce Nosql mostly
Product.
But the level of resources utilization of the existing operating method to non-relational database is to be improved.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of database operation methods of high resource utilization.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of database operation method, the database is non-
Relationship type key value database；The database operation method includes：
The ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block is calculated, ideal key assignments space ratio is that keypad and value area are practical
Store the ratio of data occupied space；
Idle systems block is chosen, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；
The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied into the idle systems block；
The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；
The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；
Discharge the selecting system block.
Optionally, further include before the selection idle systems block：Determine that the keypad inside the selecting system block is empty
The ratio in the areas Jian Yuzhi space is different from ideal key assignments space ratio.
Optionally, when the data of selecting system block storage belong to a certain business datum table, and the business datum table is still
When having the data of other systems block to be deposited, with the keypad and value of the ideal key assignments space than dividing the other systems block
Corresponding keypad and value area is written in the data of the other systems block to be deposited by area.
Optionally, the database purchase is in solid state disk；The key assignments data by selecting system block storage are answered
It makes the corresponding write operation of idle systems block and corresponding keypad is written in the data by the other systems block to be deposited
Write operation corresponding with value area, is completed as follows：The data being written into are temporarily stored into memory, and memory is temporarily stored into when described
Size of data when being equal to the size of the solid state disk flash block, will be solid described in the data write-once for being temporarily stored into memory
The flash block of state hard disk.
Optionally, further include before the ideal key assignments space ratio inside the calculating selecting system block：With it is fixed when
Between interval calculation select system block as the selecting system block.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of database manipulation device, and the database is non-relational key value database,
The database manipulation device includes：Ideal key assignments space is more single than computing unit, key regions division unit, the movement of key assignments data
Member, identification number updating unit, pointer updating unit and releasing unit；Wherein：
The ideal key assignments space is suitable for calculating the ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block, institute than computing unit
Ideal key assignments space is stated than the ratio for keypad and value area actual storage data occupied space；
The key regions division unit is suitable for choosing idle systems block, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments sky
Between than divide keypad and value area；
The key assignments Data Movement Unit is suitable for the key assignments data that the selecting system block stores copying to free time system
System block；
The identification number updating unit, the identification number for being suitable for more idle systems block described in meta information are the selected system
The identification number of system block；
The pointer updating unit, suitable for the pointer for being directed toward the selecting system block in memory is directed toward the idle systems
Block；
The releasing unit is suitable for discharging the selecting system block.
Optionally, the database manipulation device further includes：Business datum table storage unit is suitable in the selecting system
The data of block storage belong to a certain business datum table, and when the business datum table still has the data of other systems block to be deposited, with
Keypad and value area of the ideal key assignments space than dividing the other systems block, by the data of the other systems block to be deposited
Corresponding keypad and value area is written.
Optionally, the database purchase is in solid state disk；The database manipulation device further includes：Data are written in single
Control unit is measured, the data suitable for being written into are temporarily stored into memory, when the size of data for being temporarily stored into memory is equal to described solid
When the size of state hard disk flash block, by the flash block of solid state disk described in the data write-once for being temporarily stored into memory.
Optionally, the database manipulation device further includes：Timing selection unit, suitable for calculating at regular intervals
Select system block as the selecting system block.
Compared with prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that：
By calculating the ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block, idle systems block is chosen, to the idle systems block
According to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied into free time system
System block；The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；It will be directed toward in memory
The pointer of the selecting system block is directed toward the idle systems block；The selecting system block is discharged, can to advise in system block
The key assignments space ratio drawn is with practical key assignments space than consistent.Because if the ratio of the keypad and value area that are divided inside system block is not
When, that is, the key assignments space that divides than the data with actual storage key assignments space than inconsistent, it may appear that the keypad of planning
It has been stored completely with one of area in value area, but there be vacant situation in another area, can cause the waste of memory space.Therefore make
The key assignments space ratio planned in system block is obtained with practical key assignments space than unanimously, the resource of database can be saved, improves resource
Utilization rate.
Further, when the key assignments data by selecting system block storage copy to the idle systems block, to institute
Selecting system block read lock is stated, other threads normally can carry out read operation to the selecting system block in a replication process, and
The end that reproduction process need not be waited for so as to reduce the stand-by period, and then can promote the operating efficiency of database entirety.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of database operation method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of database manipulation device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of another database manipulation device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
As previously mentioned, in the web2.0 epoch, importance of the Nosql products in internet industry is with internet and its shifting
The development of dynamic internet and Japanese TV play increases, in the application of Large-Scale Interconnected net, access to cope with extensive, high concurrent, all draw mostly
The product of Nosql is entered.But the level of resources utilization of the existing operating method to non-relational database is to be improved.
Through inventor the study found that in the storing process of non-relational key value database, if the key divided inside system block
The ratio in area and value area is improper, that is, the key assignments space that divides than the data with actual storage key assignments space than inconsistent,
The keypad and one of area in value area that will appear planning have stored completely, but there be vacant situation in another area, can cause to deposit
Store up the waste in space.
For the embodiment of the present invention by calculating the ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block, selection idle systems block is right
The idle systems block is according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are answered
Make the idle systems block；The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；
The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；The selecting system block is discharged, can be made
The key assignments space ratio planned in system block is obtained with practical key assignments space than consistent, to save the resource of database, improves resource
Utilization rate.
It is understandable to enable above-mentioned purpose, feature and the advantageous effect of the present invention to become apparent, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to this
The specific embodiment of invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of database operation method in the embodiment of the present invention.
S11, calculates the ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block, and ideal key assignments space ratio is keypad and value area
The ratio of actual storage data occupied space.
Database (DB) is made of in physical space N number of piece (bucket), i.e., can be right when system initialization
Monoblock disk, which is done, to be divided.System block (HC bucket) is both the concept of logic and physics aspect.Physically it has oneself
Memory space, more like the size of a block, such as 32M or 64M.Each system block has the parts head storage meta data.It removes
The data field of meta is gone to be made of two parts：It, can be directly from key when keypad (Key store area) program loads
Area loads out the index of bucket；Value area (Value store area) only stores corresponding value list (value list).
It can be seen that being to do the index inside system block according to key (key), here directly using mapping map (hash
Map) the lookup structure as index encodes (hash code) to navigate in index according to 64 bit mappings of key.Default system
Index inside block has all been downloaded into memory.
As can be seen that the setting of the respective area size of key assignments is extremely important, if key assignments space ratio is set to fixed value,
It will cause the great wasting of resources.
Before being stored in data, system block can be divided to keypad and value area in advance, after being stored in data, the key that actually occupies
The ratio in area and value area may be different from the key assignments space ratio divided in advance, and ideal key assignments space ratio is practical deposit key
The ratio of the data occupied space in area.
It is understood that the selecting system block can be one or more system block, it can be by a worksheet
The system block of occupancy is as selecting system block, because a worksheet often corresponds to identical key assignments space ratio.
In specific implementation, the database can also include that system block indexes, system block index association key assignments and
System block；The selecting system block can index associated two system blocks with the same system block.
System block index may include representing a kind of resource isolation in a table (table).It is wrapped in a table
It containing multiple table pieces (table slot), is mapped in each table slot according to key, table slot can be with carry system
Block, to which the association of key assignments and system block may be implemented by system block index.
It is similar with most relevant database, there is the metamessage of table that can facilitate inquiry and modification.In order to keep succinct
Design and performance realizes pattern freely (schema free), if application layer oneself is in need, it is simple can to design some
Format protocol stored, and performance do not have apparent loss.
Fragment processing is carried out to data in table, table slot represent each fragment.Each table slot
It is middle carry one or more system block, when table is founded, the table slot numbers according to initialization are understood to select to add
The quantity of loading system block is defaulted as each slot and loads a system block.Table slot are the units of logic storage, right
In following Data Migration and concurrent operations be all a necessary design.
By searching for the system block index being stored in memory, it can quickly judge that data whether there is and data exist
Position, to save retrieval time, lifting system efficiency.
It, can be to being when the selecting system block is to index associated two system blocks with the same system block
System block is arranged, and system space is saved.
S12 chooses idle systems block, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area.
Idle systems block refers to the system block currently without storage data, pre- according to ideal key assignments space to the idle systems block
Keypad and value area are first divided, convenient for maximally utilizing the resource of the system block.
In specific implementation, before step S12, can also to inside the selecting system block keypad space with value area
The ratio i.e. key assignments space ratio in space are judged, when the key assignments space ratio of selected system block is different from the ideal key assignments
When the ratio of space, step S12 is executed.
The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied to the idle systems block by S13.
Since ideal key assignments ratio is the ratio-dependent according to the key assignments data occupied space stored in the selecting system block
, which divides keypad and value Qu Shishi according to ideal key assignments than division in advance, thus by the selecting system
The key assignments data of block storage copy to the idle systems block so that the key assignments ratio divided in advance and actual storage key assignments data institute
The ratio match to take up space avoids the wasting of resources of memory space.
In specific implementation, the idle systems block is copied in the key assignments data by selecting system block storage
When, to the selecting system block read lock, other threads can in a replication process normally read the selecting system block
Operation, the end without waiting for reproduction process, so as to reduce the stand-by period, and then can promote the behaviour of database entirety
Make efficiency.
S14, the more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information are the identification number of the selecting system block.
Metamessage is the parts head storage meta data, the identification number of the idle systems block is updated to described selected
The identification number of system block can utilize the idle systems block to replace the selecting system block.
The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block by S15.
After the pointer for being directed toward the selecting system block in memory is directed toward the idle systems block, the idle systems block pair
For storage system, the selecting system block has been substituted.
In specific implementation, the pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block described
When, the selecting system block is read and write and is locked.It only is written and read locking in the moment of pointer swap, is substantially reduced to concurrently reading
The influence of operation.
S16 discharges the selecting system block.
After discharging the selecting system block, for Database Systems, more storage resources are obtained.
In specific implementation, when the data of selecting system block storage belong to a certain business datum table, and the business number
When still having the data of other systems block to be deposited according to table, with the keypad of the ideal key assignments space than dividing the other systems block
With value area, corresponding keypad and value area is written into the data of the other systems block to be deposited.
That is, during hard-disc storage is reallocated, system can according to key and value using the case where come after adjusting
Space is distributed.Future is exactly predicted according to history.Because key and value is in this law inventive embodiments Database Systems
It is stored together, can there are problems that allocated size and ratio, under this mechanism, the adaptive adjustment physical store of meeting
Distribution, being optimal utilize hard drive space, reduce the purpose of hard disk fragment.
In specific implementation, the database can be stored in solid state disk；It is described by the selecting system block storage
Key assignments data copy to the corresponding write operation of idle systems block and the data by the other systems block to be deposited are written
Corresponding keypad write operation corresponding with value area, is completed as follows：The data being written into are temporarily stored into memory, when described
Be temporarily stored into memory size of data be equal to the solid state disk flash block size when, the data for being temporarily stored into memory are primary
The flash block of the solid state disk is written.
The solid state disk (SSD) of mainstream, the storage particle used are NAND FLASH at present, mainly by following several keys
Component composition：
Protocol conversion layer (optional) mainly asks disk read-write protocol conversion for the read and write access for NAND FLASH
It asks；
FLASH chip control layer is the most important parts entire SSD, directly determines all of SSD.There are some realizations
In, it needs SDRAM and is supported to do caching, and have oneself independent CPU；
NAND FLASH chips, the place of deposit data.
Since solid state disk cannot carry out original place update, it is therefore desirable to be updated the data by way of erasing+write-in.And
SSD write performances at least drop an order of magnitude than reading performance, therefore in extreme circumstances, the insertions of each data be all erasing+
The temporal summation of write-in, delay increase nearly an order of magnitude than singly writing.The data being actually written into write-in amplification factor=flash memory
Amount/user asks the data volume of write-in.
The data being written into are temporarily stored into memory, when the size of data for being temporarily stored into memory is dodged equal to the solid state disk
When the size of counterfoil, by the flash block of solid state disk described in the data write-once for being temporarily stored into memory.According to solid state disk
Physical characteristics, according to the block size of ssd, be completely written after carrying out address align because its minimum read/write unit is block.No
It can go to cause because of small amount of data or some data across different hard disk blocks additional to write amplification.
As can be seen that step S11 to S16 can be the process that system database arranges, by the whole of system database
Reason, can promote the level of resources utilization of Database Systems.
In specific implementation, database positioning can also be judged before step S11, to confirm that the database is in non-numerous
Busy condition.Database is arranged when judging that the database is in non-busy state, it can be with the system in equalization data library
Resource reduces influence of the arrangement process to the efficiency of data base read-write.
In specific implementation, also calculating at regular intervals selects system block as the selecting system block, also
It is that can preset regular time point to arrange database.
For the embodiment of the present invention by calculating the ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block, selection idle systems block is right
The idle systems block is according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are answered
Make the idle systems block；The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；
The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；The selecting system block is discharged, can be made
The key assignments space ratio planned in system block is obtained with practical key assignments space than consistent.If because of the keypad and value that are divided inside system block
The ratio in area is improper, that is, the key assignments space divided than the data with actual storage key assignments space than inconsistent, it may appear that
One of area has stored full in the keypad of planning and value area, but there be vacant situation in another area, can cause memory space
Waste.So that the key assignments space ratio planned in system block is consistent with practical key assignments space ratio, the money of database can be saved
Resource utilization is improved in source.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of database manipulation device, and structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Database in the embodiment of the present invention is non-relational key value database, and the database manipulation device includes：Reason
Think key assignments space than computing unit 21, key regions division unit 22, key assignments Data Movement Unit 23, identification number updating unit
24, pointer updating unit 25 and releasing unit 26, wherein：
The ideal key assignments space is suitable for calculating the ideal key assignments space inside selecting system block B1 than computing unit 21
Than the ideal key assignments space is than the ratio for keypad and value area's actual storage data occupied space；
The key regions division unit 22 is suitable for choosing idle systems block B2, to idle systems block B2 according to ideal
Key assignments space is than dividing keypad and value area；
The key assignments Data Movement Unit 23 is suitable for the selecting system block B1 key assignments data stored copying to the sky
Not busy system block B2；
The identification number updating unit 24, the identification number suitable for the more B2 of idle systems block described in meta information are the choosing
Determine the identification number of system block B1；
The pointer updating unit 25, suitable for the pointer for being directed toward the selecting system block B1 in memory is directed toward the free time
System block B2；
The releasing unit 26 is suitable for discharging the selecting system block B1.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Comparing unit 27 (referring to Fig. 3), is adapted to determine that institute
The ratio for stating keypad space and value area space inside selecting system block is different from ideal key assignments space ratio.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Read lock unit 28 (referring to Fig. 3) is suitable in institute
It states when the key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied to the idle systems block, to the selecting system block read lock.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Lock cell 29 (referring to Fig. 3) is read and write, is suitable for
It is described by be directed toward in memory the selecting system block pointer be directed toward the idle systems block when, to the selecting system block read and write
Locking.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Business datum table storage unit is suitable in the choosing
The data for determining system block storage belong to a certain business datum table, and the business datum table still has the data of other systems block to be deposited
When, keypad and value area with the ideal key assignments space than dividing the other systems block, by the other systems block to be deposited
Data corresponding keypad and value area is written.
In specific implementation, the database can be stored in solid state disk；The database manipulation device further includes：It is single
Secondary write-in data volume control unit, the data suitable for being written into are temporarily stored into memory, when the size of data for being temporarily stored into memory
Equal to the solid state disk flash block size when, by the sudden strain of a muscle of solid state disk described in the data write-once for being temporarily stored into memory
Counterfoil.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：System block indexing units, suitable for being associated with key assignments and being
System block；The selecting system block is to index associated two system blocks with the same system block.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Database positioning judging unit is suitable for judging data
Library state confirms that the database is in non-busy state.
In specific implementation, database manipulation device can also include：Timing selection unit is suitable for between regular time
Select system block as the selecting system block every calculating.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the various methods of above-described embodiment is can
It is completed with instructing relevant hardware by program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, storage
Medium may include：ROM, RAM, disk or CD etc..
Although present disclosure is as above, present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art are not departing from this
It in the spirit and scope of invention, can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with claim institute
Subject to the range of restriction.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of database operation method, which is characterized in that the database is non-relational key value database；
The database operation method includes：
The ideal key assignments space ratio inside selecting system block is calculated, ideal key assignments space ratio is keypad and value area's actual storage
The ratio of data occupied space；
Idle systems block is chosen, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments space than dividing keypad and value area；
The key assignments data that the selecting system block stores are copied into the idle systems block；
The more identification number of idle systems block described in meta information is the identification number of the selecting system block；
The pointer that the selecting system block is directed toward in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；
Discharge the selecting system block.
2. database operation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before the selection idle systems block also
Including：Determine that the ratio in keypad space and value area space inside the selecting system block is different from the ideal key assignments space
Than.
3. database operation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the data of selecting system block storage
Belong to a certain business datum table, and when the business datum table still there are the data of other systems block to be deposited, with the ideal key assignments
Corresponding key is written in the data of the other systems block to be deposited by keypad and value area of the space than dividing the other systems block
Area and value area.
4. database operation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the database purchase is in solid state disk；
The key assignments data by selecting system block storage copy to the corresponding write operation of idle systems block and it is described will be described
Corresponding keypad write operation corresponding with value area is written in the data of other systems block to be deposited, completes as follows：It will wait for
The data of write-in are temporarily stored into memory, when the size of data for being temporarily stored into memory is equal to the size of the solid state disk flash block
When, by the flash block of solid state disk described in the data write-once for being temporarily stored into memory.
5. database operation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that inside the calculating selecting system block
Further include before ideal key assignments space ratio：Calculating at regular intervals selects system block as the selecting system block.
6. a kind of database manipulation device, which is characterized in that the database is non-relational key value database, the database
Operating device includes：Ideal key assignments space is than computing unit, key regions division unit, key assignments Data Movement Unit, identification number
Updating unit, pointer updating unit and releasing unit；Wherein：The ideal key assignments space is suitable for calculating choosing than computing unit
Determine the ideal key assignments space ratio inside system block, ideal key assignments space ratio is that keypad and value area's actual storage data occupancy are empty
Between ratio；
The key regions division unit is suitable for choosing idle systems block, to the idle systems block according to ideal key assignments space ratio
Divide keypad and value area；
The key assignments Data Movement Unit is suitable for the key assignments data that the selecting system block stores copying to the idle systems block；
The identification number updating unit, the identification number for being suitable for more idle systems block described in meta information are the selecting system block
Identification number；
The pointer updating unit, suitable for the pointer for being directed toward the selecting system block in memory is directed toward the idle systems block；
The releasing unit is suitable for discharging the selecting system block.
7. database manipulation device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include：Business datum table storage unit,
Data suitable for being stored in the selecting system block belong to a certain business datum table, and the business datum table still have it is to be deposited other
When the data of system block, keypad and value area with the ideal key assignments space than dividing the other systems block wait depositing by described
Corresponding keypad and value area is written in the data for entering other systems block.
8. database manipulation device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the database purchase is in solid state disk；
The database manipulation device further includes：Data volume control unit is written in single, and the data suitable for being written into are temporarily stored into memory,
When the size of data for being temporarily stored into memory is equal to the size of the solid state disk flash block, by the number for being temporarily stored into memory
According to the flash block of solid state disk described in write-once.
9. database manipulation device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include：Timing selection unit, be suitable for
Fixed time interval calculating selects system block as the selecting system block.
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