CN1052177A - 低压循环阀 - Google Patents

低压循环阀 Download PDF

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CN1052177A
CN1052177A CN90104049A CN90104049A CN1052177A CN 1052177 A CN1052177 A CN 1052177A CN 90104049 A CN90104049 A CN 90104049A CN 90104049 A CN90104049 A CN 90104049A CN 1052177 A CN1052177 A CN 1052177A
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CN1020943C (zh
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乔治·卢斯
霍勒·J·马克斯韦尔
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0005Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves
    • F04D15/0011Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves by-pass valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/005Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles, e.g. dismountable auxiliary seats
    • B60N2/015Attaching seats directly to vehicle chassis
    • B60N2/01508Attaching seats directly to vehicle chassis using quick release attachments
    • B60N2/01516Attaching seats directly to vehicle chassis using quick release attachments with locking mechanisms
    • B60N2/01558Attaching seats directly to vehicle chassis using quick release attachments with locking mechanisms with key and slot
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/32Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles convertible for other use
    • B60N2/36Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles convertible for other use into a loading platform
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0473Multiple-way safety valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2574Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
    • Y10T137/2579Flow rate responsive
    • Y10T137/2582Including controlling main line flow
    • Y10T137/2584Relief or bypass closes as main opens
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2574Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
    • Y10T137/2579Flow rate responsive
    • Y10T137/2587Bypass or relief valve biased open
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2574Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
    • Y10T137/2605Pressure responsive
    • Y10T137/2617Bypass or relief valve biased open
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/85978With pump
    • Y10T137/86171With pump bypass

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Abstract

一种用于冷却离心泵的低压循环阀。它包括一 个分隔成第一阀室和第二阀室的整体阀壳,该阀壳具 有第一孔口和第二孔口。第一阀室具有一个使液体 改道返回上述离心泵的循环孔口;一个位于第一阀室 和第二阀室之间的多片止回阀元件;一个与上述止回 阀元件耦合并通过第一阀室延伸的可滑动阀杆;一个 耦合在上述阀杆上将滑动阀杆和止回阀装置朝着其 关闭位置施加偏压的装置,一个与上述阀杆耦合以打 开和关闭上述循环孔口的循环阀装置。

Description

本发明涉及一种使循环液返回离心泵的低压循环阀,以便当阀下游端所泵的液体量处于最低需要量期间,用来冷却该泵。本发明尤其涉及一种具有多片止回阀片的循环阀。该阀片可以提供一种允许使用较高弹簧刚度系数的有效阀片,并使该阀具有较大的稳定性。双片式阀片也能对采用较大阀片的整体阀体提供更经济的设计。
离心泵可应用于各种使用场合。通常希望在低需求量期间由一个出口装置将循环液返回离心泵以防止泵发生过热。过热是由运转泵与存在于泵内的静止液体之间的热交换造成的。泵过热降低了蒸汽压力,导致液体空穴现象,这种空穴现象会损坏泵壳体和叶轮。
通常在离心泵内采用循环阀控制过热。一种常用的循环阀是在美国专利4,095,611号中公开的调制流量控制阀。在美国专利4,095,611号中所公开的阀具有一个装入一拼合式阀壳内的圆盘形止回阀元件。在正常的下游端液体需求量的工作过程中,阀两侧的压差促使该阀打开并使液体流动,同时将液体循环通道堵住。相反地,在最低下游端液体流量需求的工作过程中,圆盘形止回阀元件返回其关闭位置,由此打开液体循环通道并使液体循环回到泵内。
在美国专利4,243,064号中公开的另一种循环阀具有在连杆两端部之间轴向设置的一个圆形主阀片和一旁通阀片。在正常的液体流动工作过程中,该连杆运动到一开启位置,使液体流出主出口和旁通出口。当液体流量处于最低要求时,该旁通阀片被搁置在一环形阀座上,使液体从主出口改道到旁通出口并通过离心泵进行循环。
使用这种循环阀所遇到的一个问题是,该阀具有复杂的结构,而且制造成本高,难以维护。目前可从市场上买到的绝大部分这种循环阀,包括上面所述的两种阀,都是拼合式阀壳结构。因为这些阀元件的尺寸太大难以装入该阀壳内,所以要求该阀具有多段外壳结构。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有整体阀壳和多片止回阀元件的循环阀,该止回阀元件能装入该整体阀壳内与它组装在一起,并可调节从离心泵到下游端装置的液体流量。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种具有多片阀元件的循环阀,这些阀元件易于装入一整体阀壳内并易于从该阀壳中拆卸。
本发明再一目的是提供一种新型的能与该阀元件相配合动作的循环阀机构,以便控制返回离心泵的液体循环。
本发明公开了一种用于冷却离心泵的低压循环阀。本发明包括一分隔成第一和第二阀室的阀壳。该阀壳具有一个从离心泵将液体导入第一阀室的第一孔口和一个通过上述第二阀室将液体排到阀壳外面的第二孔口。第一阀室还具有一个供循环液从第一阀室通至该泵的循环孔口。多片止回阀元件位于上述第一和第二阀室之间。该止回阀开启时允许液体从第一阀室流向第二阀室,关闭时阻止液体从第二阀室流入第一阀室。一个弹簧将该止回阀朝着其关闭位置施加偏压。最后,当该止回阀装置关闭时,与该止回阀装置耦合的循环阀打开循环孔口,当该止回阀打开时,则关闭该循环孔口。
结合附图进行阅读能更好地理解对上面的概述和下面的详细描述。为了便于对本发明进行说明,在附图中例举了一个本发明的最佳实施例,但是,应当理解,本发明不受这个具体装置和构件的限制。
图1是本发明的循环阀的一个实施例的纵向剖视图;
图2是该最佳实施例的多片式阀元件的分解图;
图3是一个带有实体阀杆件的循环阀的纵向剖视图;
图4是图3所示的循环阀不带唇部,沿着阀壳下部带有一直侧壁的阀的纵向剖视图;
图5是图1所示实施例的纵向剖视图,图中所示的阀元件是开启的,循环管路是关闭的。
参看附图,图1表示本发明低压循环阀的纵向剖视图。本发明的循环阀10最好是由耐腐蚀材料,如不锈钢制成,并包括一个整体的基本上为圆筒形的阀壳12。阀壳12分隔成阀室14和16。阀室14具有一个与该阀上游端的离心泵相连接的入口18。阀室16位于阀室14的下游端并连接在一个下游端液体出口装置上,该出口装置接受经过出口20泵出的液体的。位于阀室14内的阀壳一侧上的循环孔口22与一循环管路或通道24连接,该通道24将液体改道送回到供给该泵入口的接受容器或贮存罐中。
一个空心的基本上是圆柱形的阀杆23位于阀体14的阀壳内。阀杆23具有一个带螺纹的顶端24,并沿着阀壳12的一纵向中央轴线装入阀壳12的第一阀室内。如图1所示,阀杆23的上侧壁26在正好低于带螺纹的顶部24的部位形成一个凸出部分。在阀壳23上设有多个小孔31。这些小孔31在阀室14和循环孔口22之间确定一个循环阀,并在低的下游端流量要求工作过程中使液体循环返回离心泵。此外,这些小孔(31)提供了一种专门的液体节流口,减少液体的压力能,使循环液体流可以排放到一个连接在泵的入口处的低压接受容器中。
循环阀10具有一个与阀壳12一体成形并位于第一阀室14内的阀杆导套34,该导套引导阀杆23沿着中央轴线或阀壳12轴向运动。阀杆导套34具有一个由位于导套侧壁上的沟槽35,35a构成的通道。当阀杆23处于关闭位置时,该多个小孔31就与沟槽35,35a相对正,并且这些小孔31起一通道作用,通过这些小孔使液体从腔体14排出循环孔口22。
参照图2所示的分解图,对多片止回阀元件36进行描述。多片止回阀元件36轴向放置在阀杆23的螺纹顶端24的上面并靠在该阀杆的顶部。阀元件36作为液体流动系统中用的压力驱动止回阀。阀元件包括一个呈90°角叠置在一带孔的第二阀片29上的带孔第一阀片27。这些阀片都设有键槽30,当它们固定在阀杆上时保持锁紧状态。这两个阀片上相对的两组侧面一组为矩形,而另一组为圆弧形。当叠放在一起时,锁住的叠合阀片形成一个圆形阀元件,避免了采用多段阀壳的必要性。这种阀片的非圆形结构使得它们可以通过一个出口孔20单个地装入。将一锁紧螺母38拧到阀杆23的螺纹顶端24上。螺母38将多片阀元件36固紧在阀杆上。
阀杆23还包括一个连接在阀杆23底部的底座件39。如图所示,底座件39是一个圆形法兰,相对于阀杆23径向设置。底座件39借助一个通过阀杆插入的安装锁40固定在其位置上。阀杆23还装有一个与阀杆导套34和底座件39之间的阀杆23的底部连接的螺圈偏压弹簧42。螺圈弹簧42在一个完全打开位置和完全关闭位置之间对该阀杆提供弹簧加载驱动,并朝着入口和关闭位置将阀杆23和多片止回阀元件36偏压。
阀壳10还包括一个位于第一和第二阀室之间的唇口44。唇口44从阀壳22的侧壁伸出,并在多片止回阀元件36放置在关闭位置处时形成一个密封装置。该唇口将阀室14和16分隔开,并使阀元件36作为止回阀动作,在液体流动系统中防止液体回流进入阀室14。
图3表示本发明的循环阀10的替换型实施例。在该实施例中,阀杆23是实心的。此外,阀杆导套34具有通过底座元件39延伸并与底座元件39有紧密配合的伸出部分44,44a,由此产生一个活塞腔体46。当该阀打开时,随着阀杆23向上运动,底座元件39将所收集的液体排出腔体46,当该阀关闭时将液体吸入腔体46。腔体46的限制性流入和流出其作用是将该阀杆发生振荡的任何趋势阻尼掉。
图4表示另一个可替换型实施例。在该实施例中,阀10只是执行一循环功能。图1所示的唇口44在此实施例中不存在,而且阀元件36不起止回阀的作用。在此实施例中阀杆是通过一个与阀杆导套相配合的台肩33保持在一起始位置上。根据该阀下游端的流量要求,在多片阀元件36的两侧上形成一个压力差,将阀杆23和阀元件36向上推。由此关闭由沟槽35,35a和小孔31形成的通道。当来自下游端出口装置的需要量减少时,由于阀元件36两侧上的压力平衡,偏置的阀杆23和阀元件36返回到一初始位置,由此使沟槽35,35a和小孔31重新对正,允许液体流经循环孔口22,通过离心泵循环。
现在参照附图,尤其是图1和图5对本发明的工作过程进行描述。本发明的循环阀是应用离心泵的液体流动系统中的多片式主止回阀和循环阀的结合体。该循环阀使液体改变方向流回离心泵,防止它在最低下游端流量工作期间产生过热。
从离心泵排出的液体通过入口进行循环阀10,使节一阀室14充满液体。在低的下游端需要量期间,阀室16内的液体压力趋近于阀室14内的压力。阀元件36和阀杆23都由弹簧42保持在一关闭位置上,由泵排出的液体经过沟槽35,35a和小孔31,再流过循环孔口22。
根据由一出口装置所确定的下游端需要量,在多片式阀元件36的两侧形成一个压力差,其中第一阀室14中的液体压力降到第二阀室16的压力以下。当这一压力差超过弹簧42的预载荷时,阀元件36和阀杆23沿纵向朝着完全打开位置运动。螺圈弹簧42压缩直到元件39紧靠在导套34上为止。小孔31脱离与沟槽35,35a的对正位置,由此终止液体流出循环孔口22的改向流动。阀杆23朝着完全找开位置的纵向运动使多片式阀元件36从阀座21移开,由此打开封口,并使液体通过出口孔口20排出。
当下游端出口装置的需要量减少时,阀室16内的液体压力再次上升。阀元件36两侧的压力差减小。由该压力差所产生的力小于弹簧42所产生的力。与阀杆23的底端连接的螺圈偏压弹簧42伸展开,并且该阀杆返回到其关闭位置,使阀元件36再一次搁置在唇口44上。阀杆小孔31与阀杆导套上的沟槽35,35a重新对正,并使液体流再次经过循环孔口22流出,通过离心泵再循环。该多片式止回阀装置很容易装入整体阀壳中并与其组装在一起。
应当认识,对于熟悉本专业技术的人来说,在不违背本发明的广义发明构思的情况下可以对上述本发明的实施例进行改变。因此,应当理解,本发明不受公开的具体实施例的限制,而是将所有由所附权利要求书限定的各种变化都包括在本发明的精神和范围之内。

Claims (9)

1、一种用于冷却离心泵的低压循环阀,其特征在于它包括:
一个整体阀壳,它具有一个与一离心泵装置连接的第一阀室和一个与一液体出口连接的第二阀室,该第一阀室具有一个将来自上述第一阀室的液体改道引向上述离心泵的循环孔口;
一个位于上述第一和第二阀室之间用于使液体流从第一阀室流到第二阀室的多片式止回阀装置,当第一阀室内的液体压力超过第二腔体内的液体压力时,该止回阀装置打开使该第二阀室内压力接近第一阀室压力;
一个与上述阀装置耦合的循环阀装置,用于控制由上述第一阀室通过上述循环孔口的液体流动,当上述止回阀装置打开时,该循环阀关闭,当上述止回阀关闭时,允许这种流动进行。
2、如权利要求1所述的循环阀,其特征在于:它还包括将该止回阀装置朝着其关闭位置施加偏压的装置。
3、如权利要求1所述的循环阀,其特征在于:所述止回阀装置包括多个叠合阀片。
4、如权利要求2所述的循环阀,其特征在于:所述偏压装置包括一个螺圈弹簧。
5、如权利要求1所述的循环阀,其特征在于  所述止回阀装置包括:一个第一平直阀片,其一组相对的侧面为平行侧面,另一组相对侧面为圆弧形侧面;一个横向叠置在上述第一阀片上的相同的第二阀片,由此使上述两阀片配合并组装在上述整体阀壳内。
6、如权利要求1所述的循环阀,其特征在于:所述止回阀装置由一紧固装置保持在其位置上。
7、一种用于冷却离心泵的低压循环阀,其特征在于它包括:
一个分隔成第一和第二阀室的整体阀壳,该阀壳具有一个从一离心泵将液体引入上述第一阀室的第一孔口和一个通过上述第二阀室将液体排出该阀壳的第二孔口,上述第一阀室具有一将液体从上述第一阀室朝着上述离心泵改道的循环孔口;
一个位于上述第一和第二阀室之间的多片止回阀元件,该止回阀元件打开时,使流体流从第一阀室流入上述第二阀室,而在关闭时能阻止液体流从上述第二阀室流入上述第一阀室;
一个将上述止回阀元件朝其关闭位置施加偏压的装置;
一个与上述止回阀元件耦合的循环阀装置,当该止回阀元件关闭时打开上述循环孔口,并当该止回阀元件打开时,关闭该循环孔口。
8、如权利要求7所述的循环阀,其特征在于:所述止回阀元件和所述循环阀由一个通过上述第一阀室延伸的阀杆连接在一起。
9、一种用于冷却离心泵的低压循环阀,其特征在于它包括:
一个分隔成第一阀室和第二阀室的整体阀壳,该阀壳具有一个将液体引入上述第一阀室的第一孔口和一个将液体排出上述第二阀室的第二孔口,该第一阀室具有一个将液体改道使其返回上述离心泵的循环孔口;
一种位于上述第一阀室和上述第二阀室之间的多片止回阀元件,使该液体从上述第一阀室流入上述第二阀室并阻止该液体从上述第二阀室流入上述第一阀室;
一个与上述止回阀元件耦合并通过上述第一阀室延伸的可滑动阀杆,该阀杆将上述止回阀从打开位置移到关闭位置;
一个与上述阀杆耦合,将上述可滑动阀杆和止回阀元件朝着其关闭位置施加偏压的装置;
一个可操纵地与上述阀杆耦合,打开和关闭上述循环孔口的循环阀装置,当上述止回阀元件关闭时,该循环阀装置是打开的,当该止回阀元件打开时,该循环阀是关闭的。
CN90104049A 1989-05-31 1990-05-31 低压循环阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1020943C (zh)

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US07/359,134 US4941502A (en) 1989-05-31 1989-05-31 Low pressure recirculation valve
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DE69031167T2 (de) 1997-12-04
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EP0474749A1 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0474749B1 (en) 1997-07-30
MX167705B (es) 1993-04-06
HU904790D0 (en) 1992-04-28
NO914681D0 (no) 1991-11-28
NO914681L (no) 1992-01-29
BR9007406A (pt) 1992-06-16
JPH04505952A (ja) 1992-10-15
AU639700B2 (en) 1993-08-05
DE69031167D1 (de) 1997-09-04
WO1990015252A1 (en) 1990-12-13
DK0474749T3 (da) 1998-03-16
HU209607B (en) 1994-09-28
EP0474749A4 (zh) 1994-01-12
ATE156244T1 (de) 1997-08-15
AU5831790A (en) 1991-01-07
NO178509C (no) 1996-04-10
ES2107426T3 (es) 1997-12-01
FI915636A0 (fi) 1991-11-29
CA2016448A1 (en) 1990-11-30
NO178509B (no) 1996-01-02
US4941502A (en) 1990-07-17
KR920701686A (ko) 1992-08-12
CN1020943C (zh) 1993-05-26
KR0138773B1 (ko) 1998-07-01

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