CN105209577A - Biomass reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

A biomass fractionator and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds along with syngas and biochar. One such biomass fractionate comprises: means for receiving ground biomass into the system; and a plurality of biomass processing stations including means for heating the biomass and subjecting the biomass to biofractioning, and means for collecting residual carbon and biochar.

Description

Biological matter reactor

the cross reference of related application

This application claims the U.S. Patent application the 13/797th submitted on March 12nd, 2013, the rights and interests of No. 985 and right of priority, U.S. Patent application the 13/797th, No. 985 is the U.S. Patent application the 13/398th submitted on February 16th, 2012, the partial continuous case of No. 596, U.S. Patent application the 13/398th, No. 596 is the U.S. Patent application the 12/688th submitted on January 15th, 2010, the divisional application of No. 523, U.S. Patent application the 12/688th, No. 523 require the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 611146 submitted on January 21st, 2009, the rights and interests of 079, its full content is incorporated to herein by reference.

Technical field

The present invention is directed to clean energy, and more particularly, embodiments more of the present invention are provided for the system and method for biomass fractionation.

Background technology

At the beginning of 21 century, Global warming and become one of main technological challenge with the widely used mutual relationship of fossil oil.Finding more effectively uses the method for renewable biomass to be address these problems very important approach.Before the Industrial Revolution starts, timber and vegetables oil are the main energy sources of pre-industrial civilization, and pre-industrial civilization uses this energy to be mainly used in heating, culinary art and illumination.At this commitment, biomass burn to produce light and heat simply in the open.Before thousands of year, the mankind find, if air supply is limited in combustion, can extract dense black residue (we are called coke now) from the timber of burning.This hot coke can use water quenching, dry and reburn, hotter to produce, finer and close fire.The appearance of coke is carried out with metallurgical development simultaneously, this depend on its hotter and more clean fire and it from ore extraction metal and the reducing power of the product that they are formed.The process of toasting combustible material under the oxygen atmosphere reduced or oxygen-free environment is called pyrolysis now.Other forms of the biomass of pyrolysis timber or mixing produce the mixture of coke (being sometimes called charcoal) and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas, are sometimes called synthetic gas.First in oxygen-free environment, toast fossil oil hydro carbons causes the decomposition of hydrocarbons of more long-chain to become the hydro carbons of more short chain, finally causes more basic form as methane (CH ₄), hydrogen and elemental carbon.In fact, pyrolysis is the fundamental mechanism of petroleum chemicals cracking, and it is the pillar of oil refining process.More extreme pyrolysis is used in oil refining process to produce hydrogen and high purity carbon.

Similarly, when experiencing pyrolytic process, biomass (it is by Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, starch and lipid composition) are decomposed by multistep and are carried out.Usually, when experiencing long high temperature (such as, 800 DEG C), pyrolysis finally produces synthetic gas.Along with temperature and open-assembly time interval decline, leave the charcoal residue of the amount of increase.Under lower temperature and time interval, increasing complicated hydro carbons and oxygen-containing hydrocarbon class are present in the air-flow from the biomass of pyrolysis.Low extreme under, simple culinary art every day is normally driven water away and is started biomass to dewater, and causes our blackening always together with cooked food connection and coking.

Various forms of laboratory and small-scale commercial biomass pyrolyzer are developed, to produce useful chemical products by the control pyrolysis of the biological material of scope from wood chip to sewage sludge.Although some pyrolyzer concentrate on simply produce synthetic gas, in the development of mild pyrolysis condition, have sizable effort, mild pyrolysis condition is often called the concentrated solution of bio oil usually.On laboratory level, developed the pyrolyzer of many forms to produce these midbody compounds, it is collectively referred to as bio oil or pyrolysis oil.Configuration comprises various forms of fluidized bed pyrolyzer that simple tube furnace, wherein timber that wherein biomass toast in ceramic ship mixes with hot sand relative to ablation pyrolyzer, wherein biomass that hot surface rub and more simply configures based on the various of Coke-oven Design of comparatively morning.

The basic problem of the pyrolysis oil obtained is that it is made up of to allow thousands of compounds hundreds of, and this is because biomass starting material integrally experiences the result of the temperature of wide region, time and pressure distribution.When during this process is by initial biological raw material, thousands of kinds of primary biological compounds are complicated, result is the almost reluctant a collection of compound obtained all mixed.Pyrolysis oil from this process is not thermodynamic stable usually.They contain the active oxygen radical by organic acid and base catalysis, make these oil usually within several days periods, develop into dark mixture from light color liquid, with tar and resinous substance in mixture.And the trial regasifying pyrolysis oil causes extra chemical reaction usually, it produces extra charcoal and the transformation to lower molecular weight component in the gas stream obtained.Although can realize quite high pyrolysis oil productive rate by bench scale pilot, larger technical scale pilot project produces much lower productive rate usually.This may be the temperature of more wide region in the three-dimensional volume due to the much bigger heating of this structure for amplifying, hold-time and local pressure.

invention summary

Various embodiments of the present invention are provided for the system and method for biomass fractionation, and the subject matter which solving biomass pyrolytic as detailed above still utilizes the fundamental mechanism of heating biological pledge material under the oxygen reduced, neutrality or reducing environment simultaneously.Embodiments more of the present invention can be called as biomass fractionator.

One embodiment of the invention comprise the system for biomass fractionation, comprising: for the biomass of grinding being received the device into system; With multiple biomass processes station, it comprises for heating biological matter and makes biomass experience the device of biological fractionation, and for collecting the device of residual carbon and charcoal.In some embodiments, comprise wimble reactor for heating biological matter and the device making biomass experience biological fractionation, wherein, described wimble reactor comprises the device for extracting the flow of process gas containing one or more volatile constituents.In further embodiment, comprise for heating biological matter and the device making biomass experience biological fractionation: for biomass being supplied the device of the feeder of wimble reactor; For biomass being conveyed through the device of wimble reactor; With the device of heating biological matter during for being conveyed through wimble reactor when biomass.Device for transmitting biomass can comprise the transmission screw rod driven by exterior motor.

In said system, can comprise for the device receiving the biomass of grinding: for storing the biomass of grinding and collecting the device of biomass of grinding; For distributing the device of the biomass of the grinding from hopper; For receiving the device of the biomass of the grinding from divider; With the device of the biomass for loading mobile grinding in dumping stations in biomass.In addition, multiple biomass processes station can comprise the device of the biomass for compressing grinding further, the pulverization process station of such as heating.In some embodiments, multiple biomass processes station is embodied as one or more disk.In further embodiment, multiple biomass processes station is embodied as a series of interconnective plate be configured in oval configuration.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the method for biomass fractionation, comprising: the biomass receiving grinding; In multiple biomass processes station heating biological matter and make biomass experience biological fractionation; With collection residual carbon and charcoal.Heating biological matter and the step making biomass experience biological fractionation can comprise: biomass are conducted through wimble reactor.Described method can comprise the flow of process gas extracted containing one or more volatile constituents further.In addition, heating biological matter and the step that biomass experienced biological fractionation can comprise: feeder biomass being supplied wimble reactor; Biomass are conducted through wimble reactor; With heating biological matter when being conducted through wimble reactor when biomass.

In the above-mentioned methods, transmit biomass and can comprise the transmission screw rod transmission biomass using the rotation driven by exterior motor.In addition, the step receiving the biomass of grinding can comprise: store biomass and collect biomass; Distribute the biomass from the grinding of hopper; Receive the biomass from the grinding of divider; With the biomass loading mobile grinding in dumping stations in biomass.In some embodiments, described method is included in the biomass compressing grinding in the pulverization process station of heating further.

Embodiments more of the present invention relate to and the biomass of grinding are distributed into thin slice are used for further process.When doing like this, create the environment being similar to bench scale pilot; But described environment is changeable because it both ways easily extensible be that the turnout of any actual job keeps constant thickness for entering the thermal treatment of material simultaneously.

Other embodiments of the present invention relate to single compartment (compartment) experience of biomass sheet is carefully controlled temperature to the time, the slope of pressure and local working gas component, optionally to extract various compound in groups from the biomass of process.By this way, biomass pyrolysis product is decomposed into various workflow effectively, just as the fossil crude separation entered is become various workflow by crack crude tower.

In another embodiment of the present invention, modular physical structure is used for promote multiple fractionation station, all in pressurized vessel, described pressurized vessel can under barometric point, in the open, and up to and run under comprising the pressure of supercritical water as the raising of the temperature and pressure needed for working medium.Such embodiment comprises multi-stage type input and output air-lock to promote large quantities of input biomass and to discharge charcoal and various fractionation stream, on effective basis from temperature and pressure internal medium that may be very high.Some embodiments provide the variable heat isolation between various module pyrolysis processing station described herein and air-flow to isolate further.This is by temperature in various treatment station, and the noticeable change of pressure and local gaseous fraction allows the fractionator productive rate improved.

Various embodiments of the present invention are designed to especially run under supercritical environment.Usually, supercritical fluid environment provides the remarkable improvement compared to gaseous environment heat trnasfer and the remarkable increase compared to liquid environment chemical reaction rate due to their much higher many rate of diffusion.Especially, embodiment is designed to use supercritical co, supercritical water, methane, methyl alcohol and other little hydro carbons, their oxygenate, and above-mentioned mixture, such as 60%CO ₂, 30% water, 10% methane and other organism run.Form below lists the supercritical parameter of some key components.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings the present invention according to one or more different embodiments.Accompanying drawing only provides in order to example illustrates, and depict only typical case of the present invention or example embodiment.There is provided these accompanying drawings to help reader understanding the present invention, and should not be interpreted as the restriction of width of the present invention, scope or suitability.It should be noted that these accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn in proportion in order to clear and easily explanation.

Some accompanying drawings comprised herein illustrate various embodiments of the present invention from different visual angles.Although the descriptive text enclosed can relate to such view as " top ", " bottom " or " side " view, but unless expressly stated otherwise, such quoting is only descriptive and does not mean that or require that the present invention implements with specific spatial orientation or uses.

Fig. 1 is the figure of the exemplary biological qualitative response compartment according to embodiments more of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is loading for the example of biomass of grinding and the figure of dumping stations according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is the figure according to the heating of the example of one embodiment of the invention and pulverization process station.

Fig. 4 is the figure of the exemplary biological matter treatment station according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is the figure with the exemplary biological matter fractionating system at six stations according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is the schema that the method bearing carbon fuel according to the preparation of one embodiment of the invention is shown.

Fig. 7 is the schema that the method being carbon containing input is shown according to the wherein biomass of one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 A illustrates according to the wherein biomass of one embodiment of the invention to be that carbon containing inputs and biological fractionation is the schema that the method for the process of carbon fuel is born in generation.

Fig. 8 B is the figure that wimble reactor according to one embodiment of the invention and associated method of use are shown.

Accompanying drawing is not want limit or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms.Should be appreciated that, enforcement of the present invention can have adjustment and change, and the present invention only limited by claim and equivalent substituting thereof.

Specific embodiments

Figure below and explanation present example of the present invention, but never restriction has the application of above-mentioned concept.Design below only illustrates their application.

As used herein, term " biomass " comprises and to be derived from or easily available from any material of plant origin.This material can include but not limited to: (i) plant prod, such as bark, leaf, branch, stub, hardwood sheet, cork sheet, grape float stone (grapepumice), bagasse, withy; (ii) aggregate material such as grass, wood and hay granule, crop product is corn, wheat and gombo hemp such as.This term can also comprise seed, such as plant seed, sunflower seeds, fruit seeds and seeds of leguminous plant.Term " biomass " can also comprise: (i) waste product, comprises animal excrement, the refuse that such as poultry is derivative; (ii) material of commercialization or recovery, comprises plastics, paper, paper pulp, fiber board, sawdust, wood residues, wooden shavings and cloth; (iii) Municipal waste, comprises sewage waste; (iv) agricultural waste, such as Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), pecan shell, Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum, coffee grounds; (v) agriculture feeds product, such as straw, straw, rice husk, corn stalk, maize straw and corn cob.

Fig. 1 is the figure of the exemplary biological qualitative response compartment according to embodiments more of the present invention.As shown in fig. 1, biomass reaction compartments can be processed into or be cast into solid disk (1,2,3).These dishes are by some common driving mechanisms as gear drive, and chain drives, and any one of ratchet sprocket wheel etc. rotates.Described dish can continuous rotation.But in order to simplify the operation of single treatment station, desirably dividing tray, typically rotates the transposition with identical number when there being biomass chamber at every turn.Although embodiment of the present invention can have one or more chamber in dish, in dish, preferably have 4 to N number of chamber.

Still with reference to Fig. 1, described biomass room is wider than its thickness and longer.Preferred thickness for the room of the biomass (its polished or chopping to 1/8 " or less) of uncompressed is about 3/4 " thickness.Along with heating also further crushed biomass (as discussed below), emerging charcoal rapid concentration is to about 1/10 " thick layer.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the size of the width of these biomass rooms and the diameter of length and its corresponding driving-disc can be any size of the hope turnout of applicable biomass fractionator.Such as, 1 " thick 316 stainless 34 " diameter dish can have and compiles six chambers (4 " wide X10 " long X3/4 " thick) of position to the girth of dish.The each chamber of this dish effectively can process the dry biomass of about 130 grams.When running under 20 rpms, 20 hour every day is annual for 250 days, and described dish can be produced more than 500,000 gallon of annual useful biology-intermediate chemical and biofuel.Selectively, such driving-disc can be made up of the cast iron and/or pottery of cheap base mateiral as being coated with, being coated with and be coated with corrosion-resistant metal.In addition, described plate can the chamber etc. of various heat insulation structure between the chambers as honeycomb, hole, simple groove, isolation filling be feature, to contribute to the large temperature limitation between adjacent treatment station.Such structure can be placed on the dish plane surface relative with chamber chamber.

Alternatively, the top surface of described dish can the level and smooth or coating with suitable solid lubricant, and to adapt to various types of air seals between adjacent treatment station as gas turbine type labyrinth seal, cylinder seals, shaft seal, or expandable/retractible sealing.

For very large high-throughput embodiment, main dish is subdivided into the interconnective plate of large series, and described interconnective plate is mobile around the track type track (racetrack) of specifying in the ellipse configuration 4 with interconnective hinge 8.Although treatment station can be positioned at along track Anywhere, preferably in a linear fashion along the straight part of elliptical orbit (at 5,5A, 6,6A, 7,7A place) arrange treatment station, instead of the location arrangements of circular portion along elliptical orbit.In some embodiments, treatment station is contained in the only side of track.Other embodiments are to be suitable for the geometry of very high turnout for feature, and the both sides of its middle orbit are all containing treatment station, so that the station of the coupling of every side corresponds to its number and its inferior.

Fig. 2 loads and dumping stations according to the example for the biomass of grinding of one embodiment of the invention, comprises the figure of hopper, divider, air-lock and transport sector.Usually, this loading and dumping stations are included in the first station under the minimum operating temperature of embodiment.Biomass (such as, 1/8 " or less by grinding) be placed in the hopper 9 rested on sliding gate valve 10.Transmission board (11,11A) is scalable to filling position by control strip (12,12A) via conventional control scheme such as cylinder.Slide bar and hopper is described with side-looking Figure 13 and top view Figure 14.When transmission board is positioned at left side or filling position, air lock door 15 is pushed into make-position, contacts airtight bulkhead 16 by guide path 17.Air-lock 15 is driven by common control program such as cylinder.When transmission board is in filling position, transmission filling slot 18 is arranged in hopper fill area 19.Hopper sliding gate valve 10 is retracted rapidly, fills transmission filling slot 18 by the biomass of grinding.Sliding gate valve 10 rapid closing subsequently.Subsequently, when transmission board (11,11A) moves to the right, due to the effect of the airtight bulkhead 16 of bottom and the pressing plate 20 tilted a little at top, biomass are still in transmission slot (18,18A).As depicted in Figure 2, when the close air lock door 15 of transmission board (11,11A), its is retracted, and allows transmission board (11,11A) to proceed to dumping stations.After fixing in dumping stations, valve 21 is closed and around the actuator rod (12,12A) being contacted airtight bulkhead 16 by guide path 22 after transmission board (11,11A) immediately.Alternatively, chamber volume is by port 23 equilibrium pressure.

Still with reference to Fig. 2, valve (15,21) in transmission and retraction operation process can be operated to open simultaneously being suitable for transmission board (11,11A) in the compact design that relatively low pressure to several normal atmosphere runs.Under hyperpressure, run (such as, being used in the supercritical water of 218 air pressure or more), the air-lock interval 24 between valve (15,21) should be enough wide to make the previous door opened at next door close.By this way, air-lock interval 24 is enough wide with the total length adapting to transmission board (11,11A).Under such scheme, it is important that the supercharging via port 23 balances for effectively running.

Use as the transmission board (11 in the dumping stations of Fig. 2 description, 11A), biomass are entrained in transmission slot (18,18A) and also freely fall through transmission opening 25 to dish (1,2,3) or hinged plate arrange 4 biomass compartment.The biomass of carrying secretly are ordered about from above by resting guide 26 and moveable piston 27.Subsequently moveable piston is pushed away for 27 times by transmission slot (18; 18A) to guarantee that substantially biomass transfer to dish (1,2 from biomass transmission board (11,11A) via driving mechanism 28 completely; 3), described driving mechanism can by conventional equipment as cylinder drives.The biomass of transmission rotate the position under airtight bulkhead (16,20) subsequently, and transmission board (11,11A) is retracted to filling position by the reverse of valve order, in this place's repetitive process simultaneously.

By grinding biomass at it from transmission board (11, loading position 11A) is to rolling in the moving process of dump position, compression and the possible tendency blocking (jam) arrange the transmission slot (18 in Fig. 2,18A) and the number of their corresponding structures (26,27).(under 10% water content) 1/8 for dry " biomass of grinding, about 2 to 1 well widths can be used the aspect ratio of chamber height, such as, for 3/4 " transmission board thickness l ' h " width.For different biomass materials, the water content of change and the working medium condition of change, as overcritical water base operation, can be suitable to the configuration adjustment of groove (18,18A) and corresponding construction (26,27,28).

Fig. 3 depicts the example at the pulverization process station of the one or more heating according to one embodiment of the invention.Especially, Fig. 3 illustrates the top view Figure 29 of rotating disk (1,2,3) and the corresponding biomass processes chamber 30 run by two covers shown in side-looking Figure 32 or many cover pressure textures 31.Pressure texture 31 is run through power grid distributor (35,36) by a set of actuator of coupling (33,34).Each pressure texture 31 can be equipped with pore groove 37, enter in biomass along with each compression plug 31A is pushed down, and pore groove 37 becomes exposure and function.

In operational process, the loading that the biomass entered are described by dish (1,2,3) from such as Fig. 2 and dumping stations move to the heating as described in Fig. 3 and pulverize station.By dish (1 in this rotary motion, 2,3) base plate, the sidewall of pressurized vessel and top are by fixing for biomass in position until it arrives the first heating and pulverizes station (such as Fig. 2), and wherein compression plug 31A is in the rest position flushed with chamber roof.This position is by electrical heating element, directly flame or by the working gas of heating or the directly injection heating of supercutical fluid.The object of the first workstation drives the water that retains away and the first stage dehydration carrying out biomass compresses it for later stage more effective heat transfer simultaneously.When biomass are heated at this station, it by two covers or up/down active compression and the pulverizing of overlapping compression plug 31A more.Water vapour is extracted mainly through groove 37 and structure (31,35 and 36) some spurious leakage around.The moving downward of power bar (35,36) can be limited to makes dehydration compressed biomass to the thickness of specifying as 3 " thick.For the dish 2 at six stations, under the example process speed of 20 turns of per minutes, the treatment time of often standing is 0.5 second, and less index time is about 0.1 second or 0.4 second.This crush cycle that will almost allow under the dish rotating speed that this is relatively high up to 10.High transfer rate also means that high-temperature-thermal source makes the biomass in biomass processes chamber 30 reach dehydration and the dehydration of the first stage in 150 DEG C of districts.

According to some embodiments, at least one extra pulverizing station as described in Fig. 3 is used as the 3rd station in the fractionation sequence after biomass input station and dehydrating station.This second heating is in the sequence pulverized in station, heating and briquetting biomass will be having the biological midbody compound degasification of commercial benefits further.In another embodiment, multiple station like this can be added at increasing dish (1,2,3) or via series connection around the even longer processing chain of elliptical orbit 4.Can use temperature curve, the various combinations of pressure and work gas phase or supercritical medium are to extract various compound as (i) long-chain anhydrosugars; (ii) aromatic substance that xylogen is derivative; (iii) fat base oil; (iv) carbohydrate-based furans; V hydro carbons that () is shorter; (vi) oxygenate is as butane, butanols, acetone, acetyl aldehyde (acetylaldehyde), acetaldehyde, methane, methyl alcohol etc.; (vii) final synthesis gas components (hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas).Each continuous print treatment stage, by the various heat protocol described in detail, described station is heated to higher temperature above, by material compression to thinner layer, there is increasing elemental carbon level in residual biomass.

In order to preserve the carbon of some levels and realize specific carbon productive rate, some embodiments carry out the thermal treatment in one or more stage subsequently, and it can be eliminated compressing mechanism (31,33,34,35,36) and replace gas or supercutical fluid simply.The production of such station maximizing high purity carbon.

Fig. 4 depicts the example of the final treatment station according to one embodiment of the invention.Turn back to before biomass fill hopper at dish and place described treatment station.The biomass chamber of residual carbon or charcoal empties in the sealing gland hopper being used for collecting by this station of not heating.Because this charcoal has the tendency be molten on chamber panel or wall, use scraper activity that this residual carbon is transferred to output skewed slot.The vertical general survey of this mechanism is described in view 51, and usage level cross section is described in view 52.Main driving-disc (1,2,3) shows for having by pressurized vessel (55,55A) and the element (53,53A) of toppling over the biomass chamber (54,54A) that skewed slot 38 surrounds.Scraper (39,39A) is depicted as has scraper plate (40,40A) in rest position.As cylinder it to be pushed away downwards via any conventional means by cylinder or slide unit (41,41A) and pressure bar 42 and toppled in skewed slot 38 to sluice valve 44 as another cylinder is retracted to dotted line position 43 residual carbon or charcoal to be transferred to by any conventional means.In the embodiment with relatively low pressure configuration, simple sluice valve can be used to be discharged outside system by charcoal.In the alternative with high-voltage applications, the double-gate family of power and influence 45 comprising pressure equalization port 46 should be used for effective operation.

Continue with reference to Fig. 4, once scrape de-carbon from chamber, when cutter rises to its upper rest position and extends to its starting position, dish starts to turn back to filling position.Charcoal is regularly toppled over via by the program of the minimise loss of pressure from system by one or more sluice valve (44,45).

Fig. 5 describes the example with the holonomic system at six stations according to one embodiment of the invention.Shown in system use 34 " diameter dish (2,53) up to using the carbonated overcritical working medium of main bag to produce up to 500 under 20rpm, 000 gallon of annual useful biological intermediate and biofuel.Mainly will coil (2,53) by transposition step-by-step motor (indexingsteppingmotor) 47 to be urged on its central axis.It is placed in pressurized vessel 48.The biomass of chopping are dispensed in input hopper 49 by the transmission board mechanism 50 via Fig. 2.Described plate is indexed into position 57 subsequently, and biomass are dewatered by the pulverization process station of the heating described in this is as Fig. 3.Meanwhile, hopper and biomass transfer station (49,50) load the biomass reaction compartments of next order.Described dish is indexed into station 58 subsequently, is further heated and pulverizes to discharge lower boiling biology-compound and pyrolysis fragment in the biomass of this original upload.Meanwhile, the second biomass loaded are moved to station #2 (58) by slave station #1 (57), and at this, it is dehydrated, and the 3rd biomass loaded are by from hopper to corresponding biomass reaction chamber.This process continues to turn-take until allly to have packed, and continues subsequently to run until last standing in closing process empties.Like this, the station no longer combined below is repeated the description of this continuous stepping process, but be implicitly included in their operation.

Continue with reference to Fig. 5, the first biomass chamber loaded proceeds to station 59 subsequently, and at this, the even hotter pulverizing station as described in Fig. 2 drives furans that heavier pieces of biomass derives as sugar and the derivative aromatic substance of xylogen away.

Subsequently, along with dish (2,53) is promoted, the first biomass load and move to the station 60 comprising heater system and exhaust vent system 61, charcoal (being generally the form of synthetic gas) complete pyrolytic process by being driven away by residual carbon.

The station 62 to the charcoal dumping stations comprised as described in Fig. 4 promoted subsequently by described dish, and charcoal is scraped in inlet/outlet hopper 63 by it.The biomass chamber transposition subsequently of turned letter gets back to initial packing station and sequentially around dish, as run through biomass fractionator herein normal operation described by.If necessary, selectable cooling stations 64 can be incorporated to, to reduce the wall temperature of biomass reaction chamber before upper once filling, to ensure the temperature curve of constant increase to the biomass entered.

Under system closing, turn off hopper or material is exhausted, and empty remaining biomass processes station by charcoal skewed slot.In case of a system failure, any part process or untreated station easily can be removed in charcoal cleaning cutter station.The material of this inappropriate process is by the replacement collector that only pours into bottom charcoal collection chute 38.

Fig. 6 is the schema that the method bearing carbon fuel according to the preparation of one embodiment of the invention is shown.Described process by comprise with reference to Fig. 1-5 describe any biomass reaction compartments and or station system carry out.In addition, one or more biomass reaction compartments and/or station can comprise the biological matter reactor of the biological matter reactor 325 as Fig. 8 B.According to described method, in process 250, process carbon containing input 200 with the carbon 270 producing the ignitable fuel of unpolluted and unpack format substantially and chemical 290 and can seal up for safekeeping simultaneously.Ignitable fuel and chemical 290 can be negative carbon, and carbon containing input simultaneously 200 can include but not limited to, biomass, containing biomass material, hydro carbons, oxygen-bearing organic matter is as alcohols, aldehydes, ketone and ethers.Process 250 refers to step carbon containing input 200 being converted into any order of the output 290 and 270 as separate entity of substantially unpolluted form.These processes can include but not limited to biological fractionation process, and it will input at increased temperature heat-chemistry ground under stress and transform.The carbon 270 that can seal up for safekeeping refers to the carbon of standing storage, carbon that is that be included in underground storage or that be used as soil improvement agent.Ignitable fuel and chemical 290 can include but not limited to, gasoline, gasoline-composition, rocket engine fuel, diesel oil, white oil of camphor, oxygenated fuel as methyl alcohol and dme, hydrogen, methane, light gas oil and vacuum gas oil.

Fig. 7 illustrates that wherein carbon containing input comprises the schema of one embodiment of the invention of biomass.Biomass 300 are supplied in process 350 as input, and it exports as the ignitable fuel of not comtaminated and separate entities substantially and chemical 390 and the carbon 370 that can seal up for safekeeping simultaneously.

Fig. 8 A illustrates that wherein biomass are that carbon containing inputs and biological fractionation is the schema that the method for the process of carbon fuel is born in generation.This process makes biomass experience decompose by thermal source.In some embodiments, biomass experience temperature ramp under stress.In total U.S. Patent Application No. 13/103,905 and 13/019, have a detailed description in 236, its full content is incorporated to herein by reference.As shown in Figure 8 A, biomass 405 are inputted biomass fractionation process 420 with the carbon 425 producing explosive fuel and chemical 500 and can seal up for safekeeping simultaneously.

Fig. 8 B illustrates the wimble reactor 325 at one of the station or compartment of the biomass fractionation process 350 of the biomass fractionation process 250, Fig. 7 that can comprise for carrying out Fig. 6 or the biological fractionation process 420 of Fig. 8.Especially, wimble reactor 325 comprises the feeder 330 for receiving biomass 405, wimble 335 for the biomass 405 that receive from feeder and the transmission screw rod 340 comprised for transmitting biomass, for driving the electric motor 345 of transmission screw rod 340, outlet 355 and condenser 360.Wimble reactor 325 can comprise well heater 375, when biomass are conveyed through wimble 335 for heating biological matter 405.In some embodiments, well heater 375 can comprise one or more heating unit for sending temperature ramp under stress.In other embodiments, wimble reactor 325 can by the heat-transfer fluid heating biological matter by wimble 335.In further embodiment, but transmission screw rod 340 self heated.In another embodiment, in operational process, hot sand is by wimble, thus heating biological matter.

With further reference to Fig. 8 B, transmission screw rod 340 is installed with at wimble 335 internal rotating, transmits screw rod 340 and driven by the exterior motor 345 be connected.Wimble 335 has the entrance 365 being connected to feeder 330.Be in operation, biomass 405 be loaded in feeder 330, biomass 405 are fed in wimble 335 by entrance 365 by feeder 330.Transmission screw rod 340 transmits biomass 405 with the speed of regulation by wimble 335 with constant.The heating of biomass experience causes it to decompose in by wimble transportation.This decomposition produces BMF charcoal 425 and pyrolysis air-flow.

Condenser 360 can comprise vertical condenser, and its entrance and wimble export 380 and be connected.Condenser 360 is configured for the cut of condensation partial thermal decomposition air-flow.The air-flow that can carry out one or more volatile constituents while keeping gas temperature extracts until it arrives vertical condenser 360.The carbon 425 (being sometimes referred to herein as BMF charcoal 425) that can seal up for safekeeping is reclaimed from outlet 355.

Although described above is various embodiments of the present invention, should be understood that they present by means of only example instead of limit.Similarly, various figure can describe configuring with other in exemplary construction of the present invention, and it understands the Characteristic and function that can comprise in the present invention to help.The invention is not restricted to shown exemplary construction or configuration, but, various alternative structure and configuration can be used to implement the feature of wishing.Really, that how to implement to substitute is functional, logic or the subregion and being configured to of physics realize the feature that the present invention wishes and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that.In addition, a large amount of is not that those different construction part module names described herein can be used for various subregion.In addition, for schema, operation instructions and claim to a method, the order of the step presented herein should not require each embodiment to be implemented as to realize described function with identical order, unless separately had instruction in literary composition.

Although the present invention with the formal description of various exemplary and embodiment above, but should understand, the various features, aspect and the function that describe in one or more independent embodiment are not limited to describe its particular in its suitability, but can separately or with various Combination application to other embodiments one or more of the present invention, no matter whether this type of embodiment is described and no matter whether this category feature is shown as a part for described embodiment.Therefore, width of the present invention and scope should not be subject to the restriction of above-mentioned exemplary.

Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term used in presents and phrase and version thereof should be interpreted as open end instead of restrictive.As aforesaid example: term " comprises " and should be read as expression and " include but not limited to " or similar meaning; Term " example " is for providing the example scenario of the entry of discussion, instead of its exhaustive or restrictive list; Term " one " (a or an) should be read as expression " at least one ", " one or more " or similar meaning; And the adjective of the term of such as " routine ", " tradition ", " normally ", " standard ", " known " and similar meaning should not be interpreted as described term to be restricted to given period or cut-off preset time obtainable entry, and the routine, tradition, the normal or standard technique that contain at present or can obtain or know any time in the future should be read as.Equally, when the technology to those of ordinary skill in the art are obvious or known mentioned by presents, this type of technology contain technician at any time point at present or in the future clear or know those.

Unless expressly stated otherwise, to conjunction " with " relevant group of entries is not to be read as and requires that each or each these entry appear in group, and should be read as "and/or".Similarly, unless expressly stated otherwise, the group of entries relevant to conjunction "or" is not to be read as and requires exclusiveness in group, and also should be read as "and/or".And although entry of the present invention, element or component can be described or claimed by odd number, unless had clear and definite restriction to odd number, plural number also should be thought of as within the scope of it.

In some cases, the existence of relaxing property word and phrase such as " one or more ", " at least ", " but being not limited to " or other similar phrases is not to be read as the narrower situation of expression is expect or needs when not there is this type of relaxing property phrase.The use of term " module " not meaning that describes or request is all configured in common assembly as the parts of a part for module or function.Really, no matter the various parts of module arbitrary or whole, be steering logic or miscellaneous part, can combine or keep respectively and can be distributed to further in multiple groups or assembly or through multiple position with single component.

In addition, various embodiment in this paper is with the formal description of block diagram, schema and other figure.As obvious for reading the those of ordinary skill in the art after presents, can the embodiment that illustrates of realization example and variously to substitute, and be not limited to the exemplified example illustrated.Such as, block diagram and additional description thereof should not be interpreted as requiring particular configuration or configuration.

Claims (13)

1., for a system for biomass fractionation, comprising:

For biomass being delivered to the feeder in system;

Wimble reactor, it comprises:

Multiple biomass processes station, at least one biomass processes station is for receiving the biomass from described feeder;

The transmission screw rod driven by exterior motor, it is for being conducted through described wimble reactor by biomass, and

Well heater, it also provides temperature ramp under stress for the biomass heated in described wimble reactor; With

For receiving the outlet hopper of residual carbon and charcoal.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein, described wimble reactor comprises outlet, and it is for guiding containing the flow of process gas from one or more volatile constituents of described wimble reactor.

3. system according to claim 1, wherein, for by biomass, the feeder be delivered in system comprises:

For storing and collect the device of biomass of grinding;

For distributing the device of the biomass of the grinding from hopper;

For receiving the device of the biomass of the grinding from divider; With

For loading the device of the biomass of mobile grinding in dumping stations in biomass.

4. system according to claim 1, wherein, the wimble reactor at described multiple biomass processes station comprises the device of the biomass for compressing grinding.

5. system according to claim 2, comprises condenser further, and its entrance is connected to the outlet of wimble reactor.

6., for a method for biomass fractionation, comprising:

Receive the biomass of grinding;

In multiple wimble reactor heating biological matter and make biomass experience biological fractionation; With

Collect residual carbon and charcoal.

7. method according to claim 6, wherein, heating biological matter and make biomass experience biological fractionation to comprise biomass are conducted through wimble reactor.

8. method according to claim 7, comprises the flow of process gas extracted containing from one or more volatile constituents of multiple wimble reactor further.

9. method according to claim 6, wherein, heating biological matter and make biomass experience biological fractionation comprise:

Biomass are fed in the feeder of wimble reactor;

Biomass are conducted through wimble reactor; With

The heating biological matter when biomass are conducted through wimble reactor.

10. method according to claim 9, wherein, conveying biomass comprise the transmission screw rod transmission biomass using the rotation driven by exterior motor.

11. methods according to claim 6, wherein, the biomass receiving grinding comprise:

Store and collect the biomass of grinding;

Distribute the biomass from the grinding of hopper;

Receive the biomass from the grinding of divider; With

The biomass of mobile grinding in dumping stations are loaded in biomass.

12. methods according to claim 6, comprise the biomass of compression grinding further.

13. methods according to claim 8, comprise the volatility air-flow of condensation portion further.