CN105207701B - For the coding/decoding method based on ICA in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system - Google Patents
For the coding/decoding method based on ICA in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
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Abstract
The coding/decoding method based on ICA in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system is used for the present invention relates to a kind of.For the present invention in the case where recipient does not know channel state information, which is based on ICA, using a small amount of non-orthogonal pilot sequence, realizes the decoding in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system.The invention can improve message transmission rate and reduce the distortion brought by pilot pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, more particularly to wirelessly communicate multi-antenna technology field, specifically a kind of
The coding/decoding method of ICA (independent component analysis method) is based in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system.
Background technology
Multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system is the key technology of future wireless system development, in multi-antenna systems base station
Large number of antenna is configured, these antenna serves relatively small number of single antenna mobile subscriber simultaneously.In communication process, such as
Fruit recipient knows channel state information, and multiaerial system can very simply realize high data rate and energy efficiency.
But channel state information is unknown, so being in multi-antenna systems extremely important to the estimation of channel state information.
Before sender sends information, the pilot signal that one group of receiving-transmitting sides is appointed in advance is first sent, recipient is led to
Cross pilot signal estimation channel state information.Pilot requirements are mutually orthogonal, if pilot signal is nonopiate or even is re-used,
Pilot pollution can be caused.For example the user of different community uses same pilot tone, channel status estimation in same frequency range, same time
Performance can be excessively poor, the decoded performance of system also can be excessively poor.
Invention content
In order to reduce the distortion generated in channel status estimation by pilot pollution, present invention proposes a kind of signal more
Coding/decoding method in cell multi-user multi-aerial system, i.e., it is a kind of to make full use of solution of a small amount of non-orthogonal pilot signal based on ICA
Code method.
It is assumed that system model is：
Wherein, which shares L user, and base station side antenna number is M.Again assume that each user sends the information of a length of T
Sequence, wherein each element is equably derived from a certain QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) constellation, and sequence front end includes a length of τ's
Pilot frequency sequence.The transmission signal of L user is denoted as the matrix X=[Φ S] of L × T, and the preceding τ row of wherein X are pilot frequency sequence matrixes
Φ, its i-th row represent the pilot frequency sequence transmitted by i-th of user, and rear (T- τ) is classified as the information matrix S of user, its i-th
Row represents the information transmitted by i-th of user.The reception signal of base station can be expressed as the receipt signal matrix Y of M × T.H is one
Dimension is the channel matrix of M × L.ρ is signal-to-noise ratio,For diagonal matrix, βl(1≤l≤L) table
Show l-th of user to the path loss of base station and shadow fading gain coefficient, N represents random noise matrix, enables G=HB.
Based on above-mentioned system model, the method for the present invention specifically includes design pilot frequency sequence and decoding two parts.
It is 1. specific as follows about the design method of pilot frequency sequence：
According to the number of users L of the system, an integer τ is obtained, it is desirable that τ meets condition 4τ-2<L≤4τ-1.One L of construction ×
The pilot frequency sequence matrix Φ of τ, it is desirable that each element of the first row of Φ is 1, and other elements are taken from 4-QAM, and ensure Φ
Any two row vector be different from.
2. signal matrix X is sent about by being solved in receipt signal matrix Y, it is specific as follows：
2-1 base stations receive signal matrix as Y=[y1 y2 … yT], yiIt is i-th (1≤i≤T) a column vector.Calculate Y
Sample average beCovariance matrix E (yy can be obtainedH| G) sample estimation：
Wherein, the conjugate transposition of subscript H representing matrixes.
2-2. carries out Eigenvalues Decomposition to Σ and causesWhereinIt is the diagonal matrix of a M × M, and diagonal
Element on line arranges in descending order, has It is the unitary matrice of a M × M.
It enables It resolves into
WhereinIt isPreceding L row,It is remaining M-L row.By these decomposition, have0
Represent null matrix.It can be obtained using PCA (Principal Component Analysis)：
Wherein, ILFor the unit matrix of L ranks, VHUnitary matrice for L × L.
2-3. V in (2) formulaHIt is unknown with X, to (2) formula with the ICA algorithm of plural number, a weight square is obtained through iteration
Battle array is denoted as the unitary matrice W of L × LH.It enablesThus it obtains
2-4. it enablesWhereinWithIt is the matrix of L × τ and L × (T- τ) respectively.It willPer a line
The 1st element amplitude quantizing for 1, then remember that the 1st element of l (1≤l≤L) row isAgain willL rows
Each element be multiplied byThis operation is carried out per a line, the matrix obtained after the completion is operated and is denoted asSo
It is right afterwardsOther elements in addition to the 1st arranges, apart from shortest principle, are distinguished according to 4-QAM and used constellation QAM
The matrix made decisions is denoted asThe 1st row of Φ is taken, withEvery a line do inner product operation, inner product it is maximum that
Solution of the row as the 1st rows of X where row.The 2nd row of Φ is taken again, withEvery a line do inner product operation, that a line of inner product maximum
Solution of the row at place as the 2nd rows of X, by parity of reasoning, finally obtains solutions of the X per a line.With multiple cell multi-user in the present invention
Coding/decoding method based on ICA in multiaerial system solves from the receipt signal matrix Y that base station receives and sends signal matrix X.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：In the case where recipient does not know channel state information, which is based on
ICA using a small amount of non-orthogonal pilot sequence, realizes the decoding in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system.The invention can carry
The distortion that high data rate and reduction are brought by pilot pollution.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the present invention in the case of the embodiment, about decoding bit error rate analogous diagram.
Specific embodiment
The theoretical foundation of the design method is described below：
Base station can be denoted as in T continuous slot, the signal model received：
Wherein, number of users is L in system, in T continuous slot, sends the matrix that signal matrix X is L × T, is represented by
X=[x1 x2 … xT], xi(1≤i≤T) is i-th of column vector of X, and each element is equably derived from a certain constellation
QAM.Base station side is furnished with M root antennas, and receipt signal matrix are the matrix Y of M × T, are represented by Y=[y1 y2 … yT], yiIt is Y
I-th of column vector.H is the channel matrix that a dimension is M × L, and it is zero that its each element, which is all mean value, and variance is 1
Multiple Gauss stochastic variable, and two-by-two independently of each other.N is the noise matrix of a M × T, and it is zero that its each element, which is all mean value,
Variance is 1 multiple Gauss stochastic variable, and two-by-two independently of each other, is represented by N=[n1 n2 … nT], niIt is i-th of row of N
Vector.It is diagonal matrix, βiIt damages in the path for representing l (1≤l≤L) a user to base station
Consumption and shadow fading gain coefficient, it is signal-to-noise ratio to enable G=HB, ρ.In above system model, it is assumed that at a time t is sent
Signal is x, and reception signal is y, noise n.Had according to signal model：
The multiple Gauss stochastic variable that x and w is zero-mean, variance is 1, it is clear that have：E(xxH)=ILWith E (nnH)=IM。
Assuming that in certain time period, G is constant.Theoretic signal subspace in order to obtain first has to the association side of y in peer-to-peer (3)
Poor matrix carries out theoretical decomposition：
E(yyH| G)=ρ GE (xxH)GH+E(nnH)
=ρ GGH+IM (4)
Singular value decomposition G=UDV is carried out to the G in above formulaH, D is the diagonal matrix of a M × L, the element on diagonal
It is the singular value of G and arranges in descending order, it is assumed that base station side antenna number is more than community user number (M >=L), and the preceding L rows of D are denoted as square
Battle array DS=diag (d1,d2,…,dL), have0 represents null matrix.U and V is the unitary matrice of M and L ranks respectively, then
U resolves into U=[US UN], USPreceding L for U is arranged, UNIt is remaining M-L row.By these decomposition, have：
By PCA it is found that the corresponding dominant eigenvalue of signal subspace isElement on diagonal, USIn row to
The corresponding principal eigenvector of amount, remaining corresponds to noise subspace.
Next, the practical signal that receives is utilized to E (yyH| G) estimated.It is assumed that in T continuous slot, base station
Observation sample y1,y2…,yT, yiIt is the reception signal on i-th (1≤i≤T) a time slot.It is sample average：y
Sample covariance is denoted as Σ, can be calculated by following formula：
When sample number is sufficiently large, i.e., when T is sufficiently large, from statistical theory：
Σ≈E(yyH|G) (7)
Next, Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out to ΣWherein,It is the diagonal matrix of a M rank, on diagonal
Element arranges in descending order, hasWherein
It is the unitary matrice of a M × M.It resolves intoWhereinIt isPreceding L row,It is remaining M-L
Row.By these decomposition, Σ can be write as：
By equation (5), (7) and (8) can obtain：Therefore have：
Transmission-reception equation is writeable is：
For antenna for base station side, the V in above formulaHX and N is unknown, implements MMSE (least mean-square error) to formula (10)
Estimation criterion, estimative object are VHX, it is as follows：
It sends the independence of the element in signal X, be equably derived from QAM, be feasible in equation (11) application plural number ICA therefore
's.Remember on the right side of formula (11) equal sign for matrix Z, solved using the Fast ICA algorithm of plural number, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches square of a L × L can be obtained
Battle array W so that
It is the solution of equation (12), i.e., to the estimation of X.Herein, ICA methods carry basic uncertainty, here it isThe phase and sequence of middle independent element can not determine.It describes to be exactly with mathematical linguistics, it is understood that there may be the displacement of a L × L
Have on arbitrary a line or any one row in matrix P, wherein P and only there are one beNonzero element so thatWherein,In element be estimation to element independent in X, but obtainWith the independence in X
Element is compared, and is that sequence is different, followed by phase differs a θ firstl.Therefore, it to determineMiddle element correctly sequence and
Phase.In order to determine correctly sequence and phase, will propose to send a small amount of pilot frequency sequence by user, what is received used in base station
These signals come determine sequence and phase.
Base station determines sequence and phase by the pilot matrix Φ of L × τ.τ is one and meets 4τ-2<L≤4τ-1Integer,
Under given L, τ is unique existing.Cell number L is bigger, and τ's increases slower.Also, as L >=3, τ<L.Then, Φ is enabled
Each elements of the 1st row be 1, reason for this is that, if per first element of a line being all 1 when sending, this
The initial phase of a little elements is 0, then receiving the variation of certain a line phase can obtain from the phase change of the 1st element of the row
It arrives.The element of position (i, j) is all equably derived from 4-QAM, wherein 1≤i≤L, 2≤j≤τ.And, it is ensured that arbitrary two in Φ
A row vector is all unequal, it is desirable that unequal each row vector is in order to find matching using inner product maximum method after the decoding
Row.
It summarizes above-mentioned.User's sending metrix is X=[Φ S], by operating PCA and plural number ICA, can obtain a L ×
The unitary matrice W of L compares equation (11) and (12), can be WHAs VHSolution.Thus the solution of channel matrix G is obtained, is denoted asHave：
To above formula, estimated with MMSE estimation criterionsHave：
Wherein WithIt is the matrix of L × τ and L × (T- τ) respectively.
In order to correctPhase, by the amplitude quantizing of the 1st element of its every a line be 1, Ran Houji
The 1st element of l (1≤l≤L) row beThen each element of l rows is multiplied byHere, one can be obtained
A new matrixIn addition toThe 1st row, remaining element is made decisions according to shortest distance principle.For example,
Element in S is derived from 4-QAM, then ifIn certain element real part or imaginary part be more than zero, then the element real part or imaginary part
It adjudicates and isOtherwise it adjudicates and isThus a new matrix is obtained
In order to correctSequence, take the 1st row of Φ, withEvery a line do inner product.Assuming thatL1Row meter
Calculation obtains inner product and does big value, thenL1Solution of the row as the 1st rows of X.Then, the 2nd row of Φ is taken, withIt is each
Row does inner product.Assuming thatL2Row is calculated inner product and does big value, thenL2Solution of the row as the 2nd rows of X.By
This analogizes, and finally obtains solutions of the X per a line.
Embodiment
Assuming that in antenna system, antenna for base station number is 128, has 8 users in system, this 8 users from identical or
Different cells sends the information sequence of T=200.B takes fixed battle array Β respectively1=diag ([1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3
0.2 0.1]) and B2=I8。
Assuming that each element of information sent is equably taken from 4-QAM, particularly, the element of pilot frequency sequence is (in addition to the 1st
Row) 4-QAM is derived from, method of estimation according to the present invention is embodied according to the following steps：
Step 1. user sends signal matrix X=[Φ S], and preceding 3 are classified as pilot matrix Φ：
The wherein transposition of subscript T representing matrixes.The useful information battle array of user is S, is 4 to 200 row of X, dimension for 8 ×
197, wherein each element is equably derived from 4-QAM.
The signal matrix that step 2. base station receives is Y=[y1 y2 … y200], yiBe i-th (1≤i≤200) it is a arrange to
Amount.Calculating sample average isIt can obtain in channel G, covariance matrix E (yyH| G) estimation：
Σ is carried out Eigenvalues Decomposition, 8 eigenvalue clusters diagonally battle array, and meeting of Σ maximums by step 3.
It is 128 × 8 unitary matrice,In i-th (1≤i≤8)
A column vector be withIth feature is worth corresponding characteristic vector on diagonal, can obtain：
Step 4. V in above formulaHIt is unknown with X, it is near to negentropy in algorithm to the plural fast ICA Algorithm algorithm of above formula utilization
Like when using iteration function beA takes 0.1.A weight matrix W is obtained by algorithmH, it is 8 × 8 tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches square
Battle array.Thus the solution of channel matrix G is obtained, is denoted as
To system modelN is noise matrix, is estimated with MMSE estimation criterions
Step 5. enablesWhereinWithIt is 8 × 3 and 8 × 197 matrix respectively.It willPer a line
The 1st element amplitude quantizing for 1, then remember that the 1st element of l (1≤l≤8) row isThen will
Each element of l rows is multiplied byIt is rightEvery a line perform this operation, obtain a new matrixThen
It is rightOther elements make decisions to obtain in addition to the 1st arrangesIn this example, the element in S is taken from 4-QAM,
Then ifIn certain element real part or imaginary part be more than zero, then the element real part or imaginary part judgement isOtherwise it adjudicates
ForThus a new matrix is obtainedThen, the 1st row of Φ is taken, withEvery a line do inner product operation, it is interior
Solution of the row as the 1st rows of X where that a line of product maximum.The 2nd row of Φ is taken again, withEvery a line do inner product operation, inner product
Solution of the row as the 2nd rows of X where that maximum a line, by parity of reasoning, finally obtains solutions of the X per a line.
Decoded bit error rate about example is as shown in Figure 1, B2Compare B1The bit error rate it is lower, i.e., the interference between user is stronger, solution
Code performance is better, illustrates that the present invention can not only reduce the interference of user between different community, and can reduce same intra-cell users
Between interference.In the case where number of users L gives, the present invention uses a small amount of non-orthogonal pilot sequence, improves data transmission
The distortion that rate and reduction are brought by pilot pollution.
Those of ordinary skill in the art are it should be appreciated that above example is intended merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not intended as
Limitation of the invention, as long as within the scope of the invention, the variation to above example, deformation will be all fallen in guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (1)
1. being used for the coding/decoding method based on ICA, initialization system model in multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system is：
Wherein, which shares L user, and base station side antenna number is M；The information sequence that each user sends a length of T is reset,
Wherein each element is equably derived from a certain qam constellation, and sequence front end includes the pilot frequency sequence of a length of τ；The hair of L user
The number of delivering letters is denoted as the matrix X=[Φ S] of L × T, and the preceding τ row of wherein X are pilot frequency sequence matrix Φ, its i-th row represents i-th
Pilot frequency sequence transmitted by user, rear (T- τ) are classified as the information matrix S of user, its i-th row is represented transmitted by i-th of user
Information；The reception signal of base station can be expressed as the receipt signal matrix Y of M × T；H is the channel matrix that a dimension is M × L；
ρ is signal-to-noise ratio,For diagonal matrix, βlRepresent l-th of user to base station path loss and
Shadow fading gain coefficient, N represent random noise matrix, and 1≤l≤L enables G=HB；
It is characterized in that this method includes the following steps：
Step 1. designs pilot frequency sequence, specifically：
According to the number of users L of the system, an integer τ is obtained, it is desirable that τ meets condition 4τ-2<L≤4τ-1；One L × τ's of construction
Pilot frequency sequence matrix Φ, it is desirable that each element of the first row of Φ is 1, and other elements are taken from 4-QAM, and ensures appointing for Φ
Two row vectors of meaning are different from；
Step 2. estimates X by Y, specific as follows：
2-1. base stations receive signal matrix as Y=[y1 y2 … yT], yiIt is i-th of column vector, 1≤i≤T；Calculate the sample of Y
This mean value isCovariance matrix E (yy can be obtainedH| G) sample estimation：
Wherein, the conjugate transposition of subscript H representing matrixes；
2-2. carries out Eigenvalues Decomposition to Σ and causesWhereinIt is the diagonal matrix of a M × M, and on diagonal
Element arrange in descending order, have It is the unitary matrice of a M × M；
It enables It resolves intoIts
InIt isPreceding L row,It is remaining M-L row；By these decomposition, have0 table
Show null matrix；It is obtained using PCA：
Wherein, ILFor the unit matrix of L ranks, VHUnitary matrice for L × L；
2-3. V in (2) formulaHIt is unknown with X, to (2) formula with the ICA algorithm of plural number, a weight matrix is obtained through iteration, is remembered
Unitary matrice W for L × LH；It enablesThus it obtains
It enablesWhereinWithIt is the matrix of L × τ and L × (T- τ) respectively；It willThe 1st member per a line
The amplitude quantizing of element is 1, then remembers that the 1st element of l rows isAgain willEach element of l rows is multiplied byThis operation is carried out per a line, the matrix obtained after the completion is operated and is denoted asThen it is rightIn addition to the 1st arranges
Other elements, according to, apart from shortest principle, the matrix made decisions respectively is remembered with 4-QAM and used constellation QAM
ForThe 1st row of Φ is taken, withEvery a line do inner product operation, the row where that a line of inner product maximum is as the 1st rows of X
Solution；The 2nd row of Φ is taken again, withEvery a line do inner product operation, the row where that a line of inner product maximum is as the 2nd rows of X
Solution, by parity of reasoning, finally obtains solutions of the X per a line.
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