CN105049384B - For the channel estimation methods in uplink multi-users mimo system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of channel estimation methods in uplink multi-users mimo system.Present invention setting first sends signal, and there are two planispheres for setting, are provided to sending signal matrix.Then channel is estimated, obtains the reception signal of a certain moment base station；Finally complete the estimation of channel.For the present invention in the case where recipient does not know channel state information, which makes sender not need to send training sequence with regard to that can estimate channel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, more particularly to wirelessly communicate multi-antenna technology field, specifically a kind of
For the channel estimation methods in uplink multi-users mimo system.
Background technology
Multiple cell multi-user multi-aerial system is the key technology of future wireless system development, in multi-antenna systems base station
Large number of antenna is configured, these antenna serves relatively small number of single antenna mobile subscriber simultaneously.In communication process, such as
Fruit recipient knows channel state information, and multiaerial system can very simply realize high data rate and energy efficiency.
But channel state information is unknown, so being in multi-antenna systems extremely important to the estimation of channel state information.
A kind of method that tradition obtains channel state information is the channel estimation based on training sequence.Wherein optimal one kind
Design is to ensure that training sequence is mutually orthogonal, for this purpose, when there are many base station number that number of users and generating interferes with each other, need
It takes a lot of time to send these orthogonal training sequences, so as to influence the transmission rate of system.In fact, there are two here
Problem：On the one hand, training time cost is very big, and channel estimation is accurate, but reduces message transmission rate；On the other hand, if
Training sequence is not orthogonal, especially when training sequence is reused, can generate Pilot Interference, the performance pole of channel estimation
It is big to decline.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of letters in uplink multiple cell multi-user MIMO system
Channel estimation method.
It is assumed that system model is：
Wherein, system has L cell, and each cell has K user, and the antenna for base station number of receiving terminal is M.Again assume that channel
Coherence time for T, then the transmission signal matrix X of KL × T can be expressed as by sending signal, certain cell base station receives signal and can represent
Into the receipt signal matrix Y of M × T.ρ is signal-to-noise ratio, B=diag { β11,β12,…β1K,β21,…βLKFor diagonal matrix, βij(1
≤ i≤L, 1≤j≤K) j-th of user of i-th of cell is represented to the large-scale decline factor of base station, H is that dimension is M × KL
Accidental channel matrix, W represent random noise, it is assumed that each element in W be obey zero-mean, variance be 1 gaussian random
Distribution, and be independent from each other between element.
The present invention the specific steps are:
1. send the setting of signal
It is assumed that there are two planisphere QAM1,QAM2, wherein QAM1For m member quadrature amplitude modulations, such as 4-QAM or 16-
QAM etc., then QAM2Expression formula it is as follows：QAM2=QAM1+[1 1 … 1]1×m, i.e., by QAM1To one unit of right translation.
Transmission signal matrix X in the present invention is defined as following form：
X=[x1,x2,…,xKL]t, xi tBe X i-th (1≤i≤KL) row, i.e., the transmission signal of i-th user.It enables
T0=T/KL, it is assumed that T0For integer.The transmission signal of 1st user is:
The transmission signal of 2nd user is：
And so on, then the transmission signal of the KL user is：
2. channel estimation
Remember G=HB, giI-th for G arranges,For giEstimation, i=1,2 ... KL.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：In the case where recipient does not know channel state information, which makes hair
The side of sending does not need to send training sequence with regard to that can estimate channel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the present invention in the case of the embodiment, about decoding bit error rate analogous diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described
System model in the present invention is assumed to：
Wherein, system has L cell, and each cell has K user, and the antenna for base station number of receiving terminal is M.Again assume that channel
Coherence time for T, then the transmission signal matrix X of KL × T can be expressed as by sending signal, certain cell base station receives signal and can represent
Into the receipt signal matrix Y of M × T.ρ is signal-to-noise ratio, B=diag { β11,β12,…β1K,β21,…βLKFor diagonal matrix, βij(1
≤ i≤L, 1≤j≤K) j-th of user of i-th of cell is represented to the large-scale decline factor of base station, H is that dimension is M × KL
Accidental channel matrix, W represent random noise, it is assumed that each element in W be obey zero-mean, variance be 1 gaussian random
Distribution, and be independent from each other between element.
The present invention the specific steps are:
1. send the setting of signal
It is assumed that there are two planisphere QAM1,QAM2, wherein QAM1For m member quadrature amplitude modulations, such as 4-QAM or 16-
QAM etc., then QAM2Expression formula it is as follows：QAM2=QAM1+[1 1 … 1]1×m, i.e., by QAM1To one unit of right translation.
Transmission signal matrix X in invention is defined as following form：
X=[x1,x2,…,xKL]t, xi tBe X i-th (1≤i≤KL) row, i.e., the transmission signal of i-th user.
It enables
T0=T/KL, it is assumed that T0For integer.The transmission signal of 1st user is:
The transmission signal of 2nd user is：
And so on, then the transmission signal of the KL user is：
2. channel estimation
Remember G=HB, giI-th for G arranges,For giEstimation, i=1,2 ... KL.
The theoretical foundation of the design method is described below：
Note real channel is H, then the signal model that base station receives can be denoted as：
If T0=T/KL, it is assumed that T0For integer.Then seek T0The mean value of each reception signal in moment can obtain：
Because wiIt is the i-th row of noise matrix, so its mean value should be M dimension null matrix.Therefore in T0It is each in moment
The mean value of reception signal is represented by：
Due to x1,iIt is first user in T0Transmission signal in moment, and it is taken from planisphere QAM2, and QAM2's
Mean value is 1, soAnd other users are in T0Transmission signal in moment is taken from planisphere QAM1, and QAM1's
Mean value is 0, so(j is integer and 2≤j≤KL).Therefore in T0Each reception signal in moment
Mean value is represented by：
So it can obtain：(For g1Estimation)
In the 2nd T0In moment, since the transmission signal at each moment of the 2nd user is taken from QAM2, so it is
2 T0Mean value in moment is 1；And the transmission signal of other users is taken from QAM1, so they are in the 2nd T0In moment
Mean value be 0.It can be obtained according to above-mentioned condition and the calculation formula of front：
(g2The 2nd for G arranges,For g2Estimation) and so on, in the KL T0Moment
It is interior, since the transmission signal at each moment of the KL user is taken from QAM2, so it is in the KL T0Mean value in moment is
1；And the transmission signal of other users is taken from QAM1, so they are in the KL T0Mean value in moment is 0.According to above-mentioned
Condition and the calculation formula of front can obtain：(gKLKL for G is arranged,For gKLEstimate
Meter)
Then it releasesWhereinIt is exactly the estimation to channel matrix H.
Embodiment
Assuming that system has 2 cells, each cell has 2 users and 1 base station, and the antenna number of each base station is 50, hair
It is 400 to send sequence time T, then T0=100.Assuming that B=diag ([1,0.95,0.75,0.6]), QAM1For 4 yuan of quadrature amplitude tune
It makes, i.e. 4-QAM, then QAM2=QAM1+ [1 11 1], i.e., by QAM1To one unit of right translation.
Step 1：A total of 4 users of the system, the transmission signal of the 1st user are：
The transmission signal of 2nd user is：
The transmission signal of 3rd user is：
The transmission signal of 4th user is：
Step 2：If the reception signal in the 1st 100 moment is：Y=[y1 y2 … y100],yiFor
I-th, the reception signal of (1≤i≤100) moment base station.Seeking the mean value of this 100 reception signals can obtain, i.e.,：
Step 3：Respectively according to the reception signal in the 2nd, 3,4 100 moment, can be obtained by the above method
(they are respectively the 2nd, 3,4 row of G)
Step 5：After estimating channel, with least mean-square error (MMSE) coding/decoding method, filtering matrix is：
Then the reception signal in the 100th moment is：Y=[y1 y2 … y100]
The signal at the 1st moment is solved according to reception signal first,
If ymmse=Gmmsey1,
Remember ymmseJ-th of element be ymmse,j, then according to MMSE coding/decoding methods
QAM is taken out successively2In signaling point substitute into above formula, take make above formula minimum point be set as transmission signal, i.e., the 1st
The signal that the 1st moment of user sends.The the 2nd to the 100th moment of 1st user can equally be solved.It is arrived for the 101st
The signal at 400 moment can be solved by following method.
Then the reception signal in the 101 to 400th moment is：Y=[y101 y102 … y400]
The signal at the 101st moment is solved according to reception signal first,
If ymmse=Gmmsey101,
Remember ymmseJ-th of element be ymmse,j, then according to MMSE coding/decoding methods
QAM is taken out successively1In signaling point substitute into above formula, take make above formula minimum point be set as transmission signal, i.e., the 1st
The signal that the 101st moment of user sends.And so on, the signal at other moment can be solved.With similarly method, the 2nd user
Signal within 400 moment can solve successively.
Fig. 1 is the analogous diagram of the decoding bit error rate of previous example.The bright decoding bit error rate in aforementioned manners of the chart
Make in the case where signal-to-noise ratio is very poor and than relatively low, and reduced with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio.
Those of ordinary skill in the art are it should be appreciated that above example is intended merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not intended as
Limitation of the invention, as long as within the scope of the invention, the variation to above example, deformation will be all fallen in guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (1)
1. for the channel estimation methods in uplink multi-users mimo system, initialization system model is：
Wherein, system has L cell, and each cell has K user, and the antenna for base station number of receiving terminal is M；Again assume that the phase of channel
The dry time is T, then the transmission signal matrix X of KL × T can be expressed as by sending signal, certain cell base station, which receives signal, can be expressed as M
The receipt signal matrix Y of × T；ρ is signal-to-noise ratio, B=diag { β11,β12,…β1K,β21,…βLKFor diagonal matrix, βijRepresent the
For j-th of user of i cell to the large-scale decline factor of base station, 1≤i≤L, 1≤j≤K, H are that dimension is the random of M × KL
Channel matrix, W represent random noise, it is assumed that each element in W is to obey zero-mean, and the gaussian random that variance is 1 is distributed, and
It is independent from each other between element；
It is characterized in that this method includes the following steps：
Step 1. sends the setting of signal
It is assumed that there are two planisphere QAM1,QAM2, wherein QAM1For m member quadrature amplitude modulations, then QAM2Expression formula it is as follows：QAM2
=QAM1+[1 1 … 1]1×m, i.e., by QAM1To one unit of right translation；
It sends signal matrix X and is defined as following form：
X=[x1,x2,…,xKL]t, xi tIt is the i-th row of X, 1≤i≤KL, i.e., the transmission signal of i-th user；It enables
T0=T/KL, it is assumed that T0For integer；The transmission signal of 1st user is:
x1 t=[x1,1 x1,2 … x1,T] wherein
The transmission signal of 2nd user is：
x2 t=[x2,1 x2,2 … x2,T] wherein
And so on, then the transmission signal of the KL user is：
xKL t=[xKL,1 xKL,2 … xKL,T] wherein
Step 2. channel estimation：Remember G=HB, giI-th for G arranges,For giEstimation, i=1,2 ... KL；
The first step：Assuming that T0The reception signal of base station is in moment：yiIt is the column vector of M dimensions, is the
The reception signal of i moment base stations, 1≤i≤T0；Then
Second step:According to the 2nd T0Reception signal in moment, i.e.,yiBe M dimension row to
Amount, and for the i-th moment base station reception signal, T0+1≤i≤2T0；It can obtain
And so on, the KL T0Reception signal in moment isyiIt is the row of M dimensions
Vector, for the reception signal of the i-th moment base station, (KL-1) T0+1≤i≤KLT0；It can obtain
Third walks：It can be calculated according to above-mentioned： Estimate for G, then release
WhereinIt is exactly the estimation to channel matrix H.
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