CN105207301A - Capacitor charge protection circuit for external defibrillator and external defibrillator - Google Patents
Capacitor charge protection circuit for external defibrillator and external defibrillator Download PDFInfo
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 27
- 208000003663 ventricular fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 208000001871 Tachycardia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047281 Ventricular arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001862 defibrillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013195 electrical cardioversion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a capacitor charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator and the external defibrillator. The capacitor charge protection circuit comprises a control circuit power supply, a transformer, a rectifier, a capacitor to be charged, a switch, a switch control steady-state trigger unit, a signal drive unit and a microcontroller. The control circuit power supply is connected with one side of a primary coil of the transformer; the other side of the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the first end of the switch; the second end of the switch is grounded, and the third end of the switch is connected with a switch drive signal; one end of a secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the second input end of the rectifier; the output end of the rectifier is connected with the capacitor to be charged; the output end of the signal drive unit is connected with the third end of the switch, and the input end of the signal drive unit is connected with the output end of the switch control steady-state trigger unit; the output end of the microcontroller is connected with the input end of the switch control steady-state trigger unit. By means of the capacitor charge protection circuit, the working reliability of the external defibrillator can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technology of medical equipment, in particular to a capacitor charging protection circuit for an external defibrillator and the external defibrillator.
Background
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in cardiovascular disease, accounting for over 50% of the total number of deaths in cardiovascular disease. The cause of SCD is mainly a temporary sexual dysfunction and electrophysiological changes occurring on the basis of various cardiovascular pathologies, and causes malignant ventricular arrhythmias, such as Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), and the like. Research shows that once ventricular fibrillation occurs, the defibrillation success rate is reduced by 10% every time when the ventricular fibrillation is delayed for one minute, and the defibrillation success rate is almost zero after the ventricular fibrillation occurs for 10 minutes, so that the fact that the defibrillator is used for electrically defibrillating a patient in time is the key for saving the patient when the ventricular fibrillation occurs.
Electrical cardioversion, also known as defibrillation, is the method of applying high voltage and strong current to the heart in a short time to instantaneously depolarize the myocardium simultaneously and eliminate ectopic tachyarrhythmia to convert it to sinus rhythm. At present, the most widely used clinical application of the cardiac electrical defibrillation method is the defibrillator. The defibrillator includes an internal defibrillator and An External Defibrillator (AED), and the external defibrillator is widely used because it is convenient to use and can defibrillate immediately. For example, after the external defibrillator is powered on, a discharge button is pressed to start a discharge circuit, a human body is shocked by pulse discharge, electrocardiogram automatic analysis can be automatically completed, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular velocity are automatically identified based on an analysis result, defibrillation is timely implemented, the success rate of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation of a patient can be improved due to early defibrillation implementation and high success rate, and the external defibrillator is a portable medical instrument which stimulates the heart to recover to a normal state by electric shock under the condition that heartbeat suddenly stops and ventricular fibrillation occurs.
The capacitance value for charging and discharging is dozens to hundreds of microfarads, the highest stored energy can reach 600 joules, the voltage reaches kilovolt, and the pulse charging and discharging time is only dozens of milliseconds to dozens of milliseconds. Therefore, when the capacitor is charged, the stability and safety reliability of the capacitor charging protection circuit for charging the capacitor are important.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor charging protection circuit in the prior art. Referring to fig. 1, the capacitor charge protection circuit includes: a control circuit power supply 01, a transformer 02, a rectifier 03, a capacitor 04 to be charged and a switch 05, wherein,
the control circuit power supply 01 is connected with one side of a primary coil of the transformer 02;
the other side of the primary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a first end of a switch 05;
the second end of the switch 05 is grounded, the third end is connected with a switch driving signal, and the switch driving signal can be generated and output by a microcontroller or an RC oscillator;
one end of a secondary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a first input end of the rectifier 03, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a second input end of the rectifier 03;
the output of the rectifier 03 is connected to the capacitor 04 to be charged.
Wherein,
the first end is a source electrode, the second end is a drain electrode, and the third end is a grid electrode. Preferably, the switch 05 is a complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS).
The switch driving signal output by the RC oscillator is a fixed pulse width signal, the pulse width signal has two level states, namely a high level state and a low level state, and the final stable state of the RC oscillator is a high level, so that the high level pulse width signal is output in the stable state of the RC oscillator to enable the switch to be always conducted; the switch driving signal output by the microcontroller is a PWM signal, and the on-off time of the switch is controlled by the PWM signal, but when the microprocessor is powered on, the pin may have a continuous high level, and the switch may be in a conducting state all the time.
Because the external defibrillator is used as emergency equipment and needs to carry out emergency electric shock defibrillation at any time in an emergency state, a capacitor to be charged needs to be charged within a short time (less than 10ms) as much as possible, namely, the capacitor is charged to a high voltage of more than 1000V in the conduction time of a switch, and a large current passes through the conducted switch in high-speed charging, and when a microprocessor or an RC oscillator works abnormally, for example, in a reset state and a fault state, an output switch driving signal influences the conduction time of the switch, if the switch driving signal is controlled improperly, the conduction time of the switch is prolonged, so that the switch is burnt out, the external defibrillator is not usable, and the working reliability of the external defibrillator is reduced; meanwhile, the primary coil of the transformer is saturated by large current passing through the switch for a long time, so that charging energy is wasted, and charging efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a capacitor charging protection circuit for an external defibrillator and the external defibrillator, which improve the operational reliability of the external defibrillator.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a capacitor charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator, including: a control circuit power supply, a transformer, a rectifier, a capacitor to be charged, a switch control steady state trigger unit, a signal drive unit and a microcontroller, wherein,
the control circuit power supply is connected with one side of the primary coil of the transformer;
the other side of the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the first end of the switch;
the second end of the switch is grounded, and the third end of the switch is connected with a switch driving signal;
one end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the second input end of the rectifier;
the output end of the rectifier is connected with the capacitor to be charged;
the output end of the signal driving unit is connected with the third end of the switch, and the input end of the signal driving unit is connected with the output end of the switch control steady-state trigger unit;
the output end of the microcontroller is connected with the input end of the switch control steady state trigger unit, and the switch control steady state trigger unit is in a low-level steady state and outputs a switch driving signal of a pulse with a fixed width in a temporary steady state.
Preferably, the switching control steady-state trigger unit includes: a monostable flip-flop, a first capacitor, and a first resistor, wherein,
the first input end of the monostable trigger is connected with the output end of the microcontroller, the second input end of the monostable trigger is connected with the second output end of the monostable trigger, and the first output end of the monostable trigger is connected with the input end of the signal driving unit;
a third input end of the monostable trigger is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor and one end of the first resistor;
the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to a power supply.
Preferably, the signal driving unit includes a switch driving chip, an input end of the switch driving chip is connected to the first output end of the monostable trigger, and an output end of the switch driving chip is connected to the third end of the switch.
Preferably, the signal driving unit further includes:
the first voltage division circuit comprises a second resistor and a third resistor;
one end of the second resistor is connected with the first output end of the monostable trigger, and the other end of the second resistor is respectively connected with one end of the third resistor and the input end of the switch driving chip;
the other end of the third resistor is grounded.
Preferably, the signal driving unit further includes:
a second voltage divider circuit, wherein the second voltage divider circuit comprises a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor,
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the switch driving chip, and the other end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with one end of the fifth resistor and the third end of the switch;
the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
Preferably, the switch control steady trigger unit includes a steady state and a transient state, wherein the time for maintaining the transient state is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula,
twtime for transient steady state maintenance;
Vcis an input voltage in the circuit, VC(0)＝0，VC(∞)＝VDD；
VTHIs the threshold voltage;
r is a first resistance value;
c is a first capacitance value;
VDDand VTHRespectively, a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the switch comprises: an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistor, a triode or a bipolar transistor.
Preferably, the MOS transistor includes: the first end is a source electrode, the second end is a drain electrode, and the third end is a grid electrode.
An external defibrillator comprising the capacitive charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator of any of the preceding embodiments.
According to the capacitor charging protection circuit for the external defibrillator and the external defibrillator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the switch control stable state trigger unit is added in the capacitor charging protection circuit, the stable state of the switch control stable state trigger unit is a low level, and the RC circuit is arranged in the switch control stable state trigger unit to control the pulse width of the output level, so that when a microprocessor works abnormally, such as a reset state and a fault state, the switch driving signal output to a switch can be ensured to be normal, the switch conduction time is prevented from being prolonged, the switch is prevented from being burnt out, the external defibrillator cannot be used, and the working reliability of the external defibrillator is improved; meanwhile, the RC circuit is arranged to control the pulse width of the output level, so that only short-time large current can be ensured to pass through the switch, the primary coil of the transformer is prevented from being saturated, charging energy is wasted, and charging efficiency is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art capacitor charging protection circuit;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor charging protection circuit for an external defibrillator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor charging protection circuit for an external defibrillator according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the capacitor charge protection circuit includes: the device comprises a control circuit power supply 01, a transformer 02, a rectifier 03, a capacitor 04 to be charged, a switch 05, a switch control steady state trigger unit 06, a signal driving unit 07 and a microcontroller 08, wherein the capacitor 04 to be charged is a high-voltage capacitor;
the control circuit power supply 01 is connected with one side of a primary coil of the transformer 02;
the other side of the primary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a first end of a switch 05;
the second end of the switch 05 is grounded, and the third end is connected with a switch driving signal;
one end of a secondary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a first input end of the rectifier 03, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer 02 is connected with a second input end of the rectifier 03;
the output end of the rectifier 03 is connected with a capacitor 04 to be charged;
the output end of the signal driving unit 07 is connected with the third end of the switch 05, and the input end of the signal driving unit is connected with the output end of the switch control steady-state triggering unit 06;
the output end of the microcontroller 08 is connected with the input end of the switch control steady state trigger unit 06, and the switch control steady state trigger unit 06 outputs a switch driving signal of a pulse with a fixed width in a low level and a temporary steady state.
Wherein, preferably, the switch 05 includes but is not limited to: an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), a triode, a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), or the like. Wherein, the MOS transistor includes but is not limited to: p-channel MOS transistor, N-channel MOS transistor, etc.
Preferably, the first terminal is a source (S), the second terminal is a drain (D), and the third terminal is a gate (G).
As an alternative embodiment, the switch control steady state trigger unit 06 includes: a monostable flip-flop 62, a first capacitor 63 and a first resistor 64, wherein,
a first input end of the monostable trigger 62 is connected with an output end of the microcontroller 08, a second input end of the monostable trigger 62 is connected with a second output end, and a third input end is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor 63 and one end of the first resistor 64;
the other end of the first capacitor 63 is grounded, and the other end of the first resistor 64 is connected with a preset threshold voltage signal;
a first output of the monostable 62 is connected to an input of the signal drive unit 07.
As an alternative embodiment, the signal driving unit 07 is a switch driving chip 71, and the input terminal is connected to the first output terminal of the monostable flip-flop 62, and the output terminal is connected to the third terminal of the switch 05.
As another alternative, the signal driving unit 07 may further include a first voltage dividing circuit 72, wherein the first voltage dividing circuit 72 includes a second resistor 73 and a third resistor 74,
one end of the second resistor 73 is connected to the first output end of the monostable flip-flop 62, and the other end is connected to one end of the third resistor 74 and the input end of the switch driving chip 71 respectively;
the other end of the third resistor 74 is connected to ground.
As still another alternative, the signal driving unit 07 may further include a second voltage dividing circuit 75, wherein the second voltage dividing circuit 75 includes a fourth resistor 76 and a fifth resistor 77,
one end of the fourth resistor 76 is connected to the output end of the switch driving chip 71, and the other end is connected to one end of the fifth resistor 77 and the third end of the switch 05 respectively;
the other end of the fifth resistor 77 is grounded.
In the embodiment of the invention, the switch is taken as an MOS tube as an example, and the main factor influencing the burning of the MOS tube is that the MOS tube is burnt out due to overhigh junction temperature because the MOS tube has large current for a long time, so that the burning of the MOS tube is prevented and the conduction time of the MOS tube needs to be controlled.
In the embodiment of the invention, the switch control steady state trigger unit is added, the steady state of the monostable trigger in the switch control steady state trigger unit is low level, and only the short transient steady state is inverted into high level, so that the MOS tube is conducted. Therefore, the pulse width of the signal output by the microprocessor is fixed through the monostable trigger, so that the conduction time of the MOS tube is controlled by adjusting the signal period (frequency), and the conduction time of the MOS tube can be ensured not to be overlong when the microprocessor works abnormally, thereby effectively preventing the MOS tube from being burnt out and improving the charging efficiency.
The monostable flip-flop includes a steady state and a transient state. When the monostable trigger is in a stable state, the MOS tube is in a cut-off state, the monostable trigger can be turned from the stable state to a transient state under the action of an external pulse, the MOS tube is conducted, the transient state is maintained for a period of time and returns to the original stable state due to the action of an RC (first resistor and first capacitor) delay link in the circuit, and the time for maintaining the transient state depends on the time constant parameter value of the RC.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the time constant is calculated according to the following formula:
τ＝RC
in the formula,
τ is a time constant;
r is a first resistance value;
c is the capacitance value of the first capacitor.
The pulse width of the monostable output, i.e. the time (high level) width of the transient steady state maintenance, is calculated as follows:
in the formula,
twfor the purpose of temporarily stabilizing the high level pulse width,i.e. the time of transient steady state maintenance;
Vcis an input voltage in the circuit, VC(0)＝0，VC(∞)＝VDD；
VTHIs the threshold voltage;
when V isC(tw)＝VTHThe resistor R is 5.1K, and the capacitor C is 2200pF, so that the transient-steady high-level pulse width t can be obtainedwApproximately 8 mus, i.e. each charge lasts 8 microseconds.
In the formula, VDDAnd VTHThe preset threshold values can be set according to actual needs, and the detailed description is omitted.
In the embodiment of the invention, the current of the primary coil of the transformer is continuously increased, the primary coil of the transformer is charged for many times through the high-frequency switch, the secondary coil of the transformer can generate reverse voltage, but no current passes through the secondary coil because the rectifier (rectifier diode) is in an off state, a detection circuit can be added in the capacitor charging protection circuit, and the energy storage state of the primary coil of the transformer can be detected through a magnetic energy storage detection mode or a current sampling mode. When the energy storage reaches a preset peak value, the signal driving unit is directly informed to close the switch, and the parameter values of the first capacitor and the first resistor can be determined through multiple detections.
Through the mode, the conduction time of the MOS tube can be effectively shortened, the energy storage time of the transformer is shortened, the energy conversion frequency is improved, the energy storage requirement of electrical defibrillation can be met, the MOS tube is effectively prevented from being burnt out, meanwhile, the possibility of magnetic saturation of the transformer is reduced, the charging efficiency is improved, and the stability and the reliability of the capacitor charging protection circuit are improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pulse width of the signal output by the microcontroller is fixed through the monostable trigger, and the pulse width period is adjusted to control the on-off time of the MOS tube to charge the transformer. The monostable trigger can generate a rectangular output pulse with a certain width, and the rectangular pulse is used for controlling the on and off of the MOS tube. The monostable trigger has a steady state (a stable state) and a transient state, when the monostable trigger is triggered once rising edge, the circuit enters the transient state from the stable state, at the moment, the MOS tube is conducted, the charging voltage is applied to the primary coil of the transformer, the transformer stores energy, because the time of the transient state is only determined by the circuit parameter R, C, when the monostable trigger returns to the stable state from the transient state, the MOS tube is turned off, and the energy stored in the secondary coil is released to charge the capacitor to be charged.
The output level during the transient state is independent of the input signal state of the slave microcontroller, so that the circuit is more stable and reliable.
Table 1 is a functional table of the monostable flip-flop according to the embodiment of the invention.
TABLE 1
In the context of table 1, the following,
h denotes a high level, L denotes a low level, x denotes a high or low level, ↓ denotes a rising edge, and ↓ denotes a falling edge;
an output pulse representing a high level is present,representing a low level output pulse.
In the embodiment of the invention, the monostable trigger is added, so that the MOS tube is not influenced when the microprocessor works abnormally, the conduction time of the MOS tube can be effectively controlled not to be very long, the MOS tube is ensured to work normally in the charging process, the circuit performance is ensured to be stable and reliable, and the AED can be used normally.
As can be seen from the above, in the capacitor charging protection circuit for an external defibrillator according to the embodiments of the present invention, the switch control steady-state trigger unit is added to the capacitor charging protection circuit, the steady state of the switch control steady-state trigger unit is a low level, and the RC circuit is provided in the switch control steady-state trigger unit to control the pulse width of the output level, so that when the microprocessor is abnormally operated, for example, in a reset state or a fault state, it can be ensured that the switch driving signal output to the switch is kept normal, thereby preventing the switch from being turned on for a long time, and thus burning out the switch, so that the external defibrillator is unusable, and improving the operational reliability of the external defibrillator; meanwhile, the RC circuit is arranged to control the pulse width of the output level, so that only short-time large current can be ensured to pass through the switch, the primary coil of the transformer is prevented from being saturated, charging energy is wasted, and charging efficiency is effectively improved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A capacitive charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator, the capacitive charge protection circuit for the external defibrillator comprising: a control circuit power supply, a transformer, a rectifier, a capacitor to be charged, a switch control steady state trigger unit, a signal drive unit and a microcontroller, wherein,
the control circuit power supply is connected with one side of the primary coil of the transformer;
the other side of the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the first end of the switch;
the second end of the switch is grounded, and the third end of the switch is connected with a switch driving signal;
one end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the first input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the second input end of the rectifier;
the output end of the rectifier is connected with the capacitor to be charged;
the output end of the signal driving unit is connected with the third end of the switch, and the input end of the signal driving unit is connected with the output end of the switch control steady-state trigger unit;
the output end of the microcontroller is connected with the input end of the switch control steady state trigger unit, and the switch control steady state trigger unit is in a low-level steady state and outputs a switch driving signal of a pulse with a fixed width in a temporary steady state.
2. The capacitive charge protection circuit for external defibrillators of claim 1, wherein the switch-controlled steady state trigger unit comprises: a monostable flip-flop, a first capacitor, and a first resistor, wherein,
the first input end of the monostable trigger is connected with the output end of the microcontroller, the second input end of the monostable trigger is connected with the second output end of the monostable trigger, and the first output end of the monostable trigger is connected with the input end of the signal driving unit;
a third input end of the monostable trigger is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor and one end of the first resistor;
the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to a power supply.
3. The capacitive charge protection circuit for external defibrillators of claim 1 in which the signal driver unit includes a switch driver chip having an input connected to the first output of the monostable flip-flop and an output connected to the third terminal of the switch.
4. The capacitive charge protection circuit for external defibrillators of claim 3, wherein the signal drive unit further comprises:
the first voltage division circuit comprises a second resistor and a third resistor;
one end of the second resistor is connected with the first output end of the monostable trigger, and the other end of the second resistor is respectively connected with one end of the third resistor and the input end of the switch driving chip;
the other end of the third resistor is grounded.
5. The capacitive charge protection circuit for external defibrillators of claim 3, wherein the signal drive unit further comprises:
a second voltage divider circuit, wherein the second voltage divider circuit comprises a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor,
one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the switch driving chip, and the other end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with one end of the fifth resistor and the third end of the switch;
the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
6. The capacitive charge protection circuit for external defibrillators of claim 2, wherein the switch-controlled steady state trigger unit comprises a steady state and a transient state, wherein the time for which the transient state is maintained is calculated using the following equation:
in the formula,
twtime for transient steady state maintenance;
Vcis an input voltage in the circuit, VC(0)＝0，VC(∞)＝VDD；
VTHIs the threshold voltage;
r is a first resistance value;
c is a first capacitance value;
VDDand VTHRespectively, a preset threshold value.
7. The capacitive charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the switch comprises: an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistor, a triode or a bipolar transistor.
8. The capacitive charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator of claim 7 wherein the MOS transistor comprises: the first end is a source electrode, the second end is a drain electrode, and the third end is a grid electrode.
9. An external defibrillator comprising the capacitive charge protection circuit for an external defibrillator of any of claims 1-8.
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Application publication date: 20151230 |