CN105206449A - Device and method for disconnecting current of power transmission line or power distribution line and current limiting arrangement - Google Patents
Device and method for disconnecting current of power transmission line or power distribution line and current limiting arrangement Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
- H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
- H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
A device (13) for disconnecting current flowing across a power transmission line or a power distribution line (14) comprises a main circuit breaker (8) and a nonlinear resistor (11) which are connected in parallel. The main circuit breaker (8) comprises at least one power semiconductor switch in the first current direction. The device (13) further comprises a high-speed switch (10) and an auxiliary circuit breaker (9) which are connected in series, wherein the high-speed switch (10) comprises at least one mechanical switch. The auxiliary circuit breaker (9) has smaller on resistance than that of the main circuit breaker (8) and comprises at least one power semiconductor switch (1) in the first current direction (4). The series connection is connected to the parallel connection in parallel. In the method of using the device (13), firstly, the auxiliary circuit breaker (9) is disconnected, so that the current is transformed to the main circuit breaker (8), then the high-speed switch (10) is disconnected, the main circuit breaker (8) is disconnected, and thus the current is transformed to the nonlinear resistor (11). The device (13) can also be used in current limiting arrangement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device making the current interruption flowing through transmission line or distribution line, comprising being connected in parallel of main circuit breaker and nonlinear resistor, main circuit breaker comprises at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current.In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of method using this device, wherein this device is connected with transmission line or distribution line and is connected.The present invention further relates to a kind of current limliting and arranges, comprising at least two said apparatus.
Background technology
At first, be relevant to the field of high voltage DC circuit breaker, the i.e. switching device that can make the current interruption flowing through transmission line to carry out the present invention, wherein circuit is in the voltage level higher than 50kV.But, the present invention also may be used on for middle pressure DC distribution, namely for the circuit breaker of the DC voltage scope between about 1kV and 50kV, and some embodiments of the present invention even may be used on the circuit breaker of the AC transmission and disttrbution for any voltage level, are described below.
In EP0867998B1, propose to use at least one power semiconductor switch and surge shunt be connected in parallel interrupt the electric current by high voltage direct current (HVDC) network.Its based on thinking be to provide solid-state DC circuit breaker, solid-state DC circuit breaker is reacted to trip signal quickly more than usually known mechanical DC breaker, and reduces the risk forming destructive high electric current under failure condition in the hvdc network thus.
In fact, however solid-state DC circuit breaker, namely can make DC current interruption and the circuit breaker comprising at least one power semiconductor switch due to the high current loss of this kind of circuit breaker not used for HVDC transmission system.This is due to the following facts: that the lower rated voltage of single power semiconductor switch that high working voltage on the one hand and existing market are on the other hand sold makes to need solid-state DC circuit breaker to be built by the power semiconductor switch be connected in series of quite large quantity.This quantity can be easy to reach hundreds of when the HVDC voltage level of hundreds of kV.During the normal running of HVDC transmission system, DC circuit breaker and thus its whole power semiconductor switch will be connected, thus make power semiconductor switch be subject to continuous current stress.The steady-state loss produced be reached through the energy that DC circuit breaker transmits 0.2 and 0.3% between.When the solid-state DC circuit breaker of the standard rated current of the line voltage and 2kA that are suitable for 640kV, these steady-state losses equal 3MW, and this reaches the only about half of of the loss of the known HVDC power converter of 640kV.These losses cause remarkable cost in the length of life of solid circuit breaker, particularly when using many solid circuit breakers in DC power grid application the future such as with some DC switch yards.
In EP1377995B1, provide a kind of mechanical switch, this mechanical switch is especially applicable to use, to reduce the steady-state loss of circuit breaker in parallel with solid circuit breaker.Mechanical switch has the multiple trip points be mutually arranged in series, and these trip points side by side and at full speed, namely operate within the time range of about 1ms compared with other mechanical switch.When solid circuit breaker is in closure state, the also closed and conduction current of mechanical switch, and the power semiconductor of circuit breaker is currentless and it is loss-free to be thus.If will open-circuit operation be performed, then first disconnect mechanical switch, and make to commutate the current to circuit breaker, and after this cut-off breaker.
This layout has two major defects.On the one hand, mechanical switch initiatively makes current interruption, to be transformed to solid circuit breaker.This causes electric arc, and electric arc occurs at the trip point place of switch and causes the premature abrasion of corresponding contact, only after switching manipulation several times, just requires maintenance switch thus.On the other hand, it should be noted that mechanical switch estimates the voltage range being used for 12-36kV.Correspondingly, for the high-voltage applications of hundreds of kV, being connected in series of multiple mechanical switch will be necessary.Be distributed in order to ensure voltage uniform the switch be connected in series, particularly for the situation that service speed is slightly different between switch, require the capacitor be connected in parallel.This increases equipment cost considerably.
An object of the present invention is to find a kind of alternatives for HVDC circuit breaker, in order to reduce the steady-state loss of power semiconductor switch, avoid above in conjunction with the shortcoming described in EP1377995B1 simultaneously.
This object is realized by apparatus and method as indicated by the independent claim.
According to the present invention, except main circuit breaker and nonlinear resistor known is connected in parallel, wherein main circuit breaker comprises being connected in series of speed-sensitive switch that at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current-(also known as making tripper) will make the device of the current interruption flowing through transmission line or distribution line also comprise wherein to comprise at least one mechanical switch and auxiliary circuit breaker, is wherein connected in series and is connected in parallel.Auxiliary circuit breaker is compared main circuit breaker and is had less conducting resistance, and comprises at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current.Term " conducting resistance " refers to the resistance of the electric current flowing through the power semiconductor switch be switched on.In other words, auxiliary circuit breaker is compared main circuit breaker and is had lower electric conduction pressure drop.
Suggestion uses in the following manner according to device of the present invention: this device will be connected in series with through transmission line or distribution line, the current path that is preferably HVDC transmission line, and under normal operation, the auxiliary circuit breaker of device and speed-sensitive switch will close, for auxiliary circuit breaker, this means that corresponding power semiconductor switch will be connected.Appropriate time point before again disconnecting auxiliary circuit breaker, closed main circuit breaker, that is, its semiconductor switch is connected.If after this receive auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, then disconnect auxiliary circuit breaker, thus by current transformation to main circuit breaker, then, disconnect speed-sensitive switch, and if receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal, then finally disconnect main circuit breaker.Therefore, electric current, from main circuit breaker commutation (commutateover) to nonlinear resistor, wherein reduces current level and limits voltage.Become apparent from this method, need speed-sensitive switch to be separated with circuit by auxiliary circuit breaker, to prevent full voltage to be applied to auxiliary circuit breaker.
Particularly for high voltage DC application, especially there is following advantages according to device of the present invention and the device using method that proposes:
-steady-state loss reduces, because in the normal operation period, electric current no longer flows through main circuit breaker, but the speed-sensitive switch flowed through as the mechanical switch almost complete absence of loss, and flow through and compare main circuit breaker and there is lower conducting resistance and the auxiliary circuit breaker thus with lower electric conduction pressure drop.Because the steady-state loss of main circuit breaker disappears, so main circuit breaker no longer includes the tendency of thermal overload, make the active cooling no longer requiring main circuit breaker.For auxiliary circuit breaker, preferably, compared with main circuit breaker, electric conduction pressure drop is much smaller, and loss is much smaller thus, makes not require active cooling at this arbitrary place.
-in order to will main circuit breaker be commutated the current to, be no longer that mechanical switch must first interruptive current, but change solid-state auxiliary circuit breaker into.Correspondingly, the problem of the wearing and tearing of the mechanical contact caused because of electric arc no longer exists, and this reduces maintenance workload, and increases reliability and the useful life of overall tripper.Correspondingly, speed-sensitive switch is that fast operating isolating switch is just enough.
-owing to just standing full voltage during the finite time section of main circuit breaker only after the conversion to nonlinear resistor, likely in being connected in series of main circuit breaker, other power semiconductor switch is added so become, to guarantee that reliable voltage distributes, and without the need to increasing total losses.
-be relevant to response to fault in one of its power semiconductor switch, simplify the design of main circuit breaker further.In some known power semiconductor switchs, specify not operable switch automatic short-circuit, to allow another redundant power semiconductor switch to take over operation.But in fact this short circuit failure mode can be unstable mode, and its stability only can guarantee finite time section.Pass through proposed device, when main and/or auxiliary circuit breaker all can comprise redundant power semiconductor switch, this no longer brings problem for main circuit breaker, because main circuit breaker is only just in full operation in very short time section, makes not require best short circuit failure mode.
Voltage and current stress on-main circuit breaker and thus on its power semiconductor switch is reduced greatly, reduces the failure rate of power semiconductor switch thus and increases the reliability of main circuit breaker.
-when high voltage, when speed-sensitive switch not only comprises a mechanical switch but also comprises the several mechanical switch be connected in series, the problem distributed across the even voltage of series-connected switches no longer becomes a difficult problem, because disconnect speed-sensitive switch under no current and no-voltage situation.Therefore, by the capacitor not needing to be connected in parallel, this greatly reduces cost.
In a preferred embodiment of device, main circuit breaker is compared auxiliary circuit breaker and is had higher rated voltage block capability.This switch such as by being provided as at least one power semiconductor switch of main circuit breaker realizes, and this switch has the voltage blocking capability of hundreds of kV, and the voltage blocking capability of at least one semiconductor switch of auxiliary circuit breaker is in only a few kV simultaneously.The another kind of possibility realizing this aspect is by dissimilar power semiconductor switch, such as at least one IGBT (igbt) is for main circuit breaker, and by least one MOSFET (mos field effect transistor) for auxiliary circuit breaker, because have the inherent characteristic that the voltage cutout ability less than IGBT is MOSFET.The power semiconductor switch of other type spendable is IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) or GTO (gate level turn-off thyristor).It should be noted that all these described types all belong to the power semiconductor switch group with the ability of turning on and off.
In a particular development of this embodiment, main circuit breaker comprises at least two power semiconductor switchs be connected in series of first sense of current, at least one power semiconductor switch that auxiliary circuit breaker comprises first sense of current, that there is the voltage blocking capability identical with the power semiconductor switch of main circuit breaker, and main circuit breaker compares the power semiconductor switch that auxiliary circuit breaker comprises larger quantity all the time.
This embodiment is particularly suitable for wherein voltage level requirements main circuit breaker and is applied by the high voltage built that is connected in series of power semiconductor switch.For auxiliary circuit breaker, use the power semiconductor switch of identical type, but because auxiliary circuit breaker is without the need to tolerating full voltage, so only require several power semiconductor switch be connected in series, roughly between 1 and maximum 10.For the high voltage applications of hundreds of kV, when main circuit breaker comprises up to being connected in series of hundreds of power semiconductor switchs, the difference of the conducting resistance between main circuit breaker and auxiliary circuit breaker becomes quite large, because for auxiliary circuit breaker, still only need one or several power semiconductor switch.Compared with above-mentioned 0.2 to 0.3% of main circuit breaker, the steady-state loss of auxiliary circuit breaker is estimated as in this case and reaches few to being less than 0.002% of the energy transmitted by device.Be relevant to redundant power semiconductor switch and be only only for auxiliary circuit breaker relevant in a device in accordance with the invention to the above-mentioned design problem of the response of fault in one of semiconductor switch, wherein electric current for good and all flows through auxiliary circuit breaker in normal operation condition.But, owing to only needing several power semiconductor switch for auxiliary circuit breaker, so such as can keep lower by the cost of the reliable redundancy solution one or two redundant power semiconductor switch and at least one power semiconductor switch are connected in series.
In the preferred embodiment of method using described device, generated before generation and transmission main circuit breaker cut-off signal and send auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal.Generation and the transmission of auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal and main circuit breaker cut-off signal can be performed by one or more different sensing and/or guard block; the state of these parts monitoring transmission line and/or such as electric power converter, transformer, other tripper or other other electric device of circuit and so on, and wiring ground or wirelessly send cut-off signal to device in case of a fault.In this alternative; one or two cut-off signal can innerly in a device generate; depend on the sensing result and/or guard signal that receive from outside sensing and/or guard block; this means; cut-off signal can not necessarily send via the data communication bus of device inside and receive physically, but also in internal storage, can be expressed as variable simply.In the case of the latter, the process reading any one variable of these variablees from memory will be understood to receive corresponding cut-off signal.
The advantage generating and send auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal before main circuit breaker cut-off signal is, this function can be used for carrying out by disconnecting auxiliary circuit breaker before finally carrying out open circuit judgement the response speed that modifying device judges actual open circuit.In fact; carrying out open circuit judgement and before sending main circuit breaker cut-off signal, must process from the state of separate sources and sensing signal to determine whether that actual generation requires that the guard block of the fault of the current interruption made in circuit needs up to several milliseconds.Respond after the time point of known circuit breaker when receiving this main circuit breaker cut-off signal, that is, possible, auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal also only sends after open circuit judges to be carried out.By the method according to this embodiment, auxiliary circuit breaker and in addition speed-sensitive switch will preferably disconnect before open circuit judges to be carried out, the response time judged open circuit is made just to be reduced to the extremely short opening time of the main circuit breaker of only a few microsecond, because electric current was previously transforming to main circuit breaker.Correspondingly, the current interruption action that is exceedingly fast only spending a few microsecond can be performed, and there is no the shortcoming of the known solution based on solid circuit breaker.
Such as, as in one of the embodiment of method, auxiliary circuit breaker can be disconnected immediately preceding in transmission line or distribution line more than after the first current limitation.For current known circuit breaker, corresponding cut-off signal is not generate immediately after exceeding current limitation, but only just generates after the further process of measuring and assessment.As mentioned above, this further process cost is up to several milliseconds.In contrast, in this embodiment, immediately more than generating after the first current limitation, sending and final reception auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, and because auxiliary circuit breaker can be disconnected within a few microsecond, so the several microseconds of electric current after overstepping the extreme limit transform to main circuit breaker.Therefore, can the actual unique temporal limiting factor disconnected before main circuit breaker be opening time of speed-sensitive switch, this be approximately 1ms for current available switch.But, as mentioned above, because the generation of main circuit breaker cut-off signal itself spends at least 1ms, so respond to main circuit breaker cut-off signal in the short time period roughly the same with known separate solid DC circuit breaker according to device of the present invention, avoid its problem simultaneously.
First current limitation such as can be defined as the rated thermal current a little more than transmission line or distribution line, or a little more than being connected to the rated thermal current of converter station of circuit.In the disconnection of auxiliary circuit breaker and during will commutating the current to main circuit breaker, if electric current rises just temporary transient and not caused by fault, then certain reduction of the current level caused because of the change of the condition of environment can occur.If after this main circuit breaker cut-off signal does not generate because previous critical state of appearance (formerlycriticallooingsituation) relaxes; then as an attendant advantages, this embodiment contributes to protecting transmission line or distribution line from thermal stress.
In another embodiment of method, when have passed through first time period from disconnection auxiliary circuit breaker, disconnect speed-sensitive switch.This time is preferably chosen to be long enough to make auxiliary circuit breaker have enough time to disconnect completely, but is short to and is enough to not waste any time, if that is, auxiliary circuit breaker is known as and needs about 10 microseconds to disconnect, then first time period may be selected to be 20 microseconds.
In the first alternative, when electric current is more than the second current limitation, disconnect speed-sensitive switch.Second current limitation is advantageously higher than the first current limitation, because in fault conditions, current stabilization in circuit rises, until main circuit breaker finally disconnects and by circuit and fault reconstruction.
In the second alternative, when receiving indicator current and successfully transforming to the signal of main circuit breaker, disconnect speed-sensitive switch.
As previously described, in some cases, even if auxiliary circuit breaker and speed-sensitive switch disconnect, main circuit breaker cut-off signal may not be generated and thus not be received.This such as can owing to being caused by short-term interference but not having the transient current of serious consequences to increase.In such cases, propose in an embodiment of method, check and whether do not receiving main circuit breaker cut-off signal within the second time period disconnected auxiliary circuit breaker.After the second time period, speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker close again, make it possible to proceed normal running.
The not reception of main circuit breaker cut-off signal is also attributable to the slow formation fault be not immediately recognized equally.Therefore, propose in another development of above-described embodiment, when speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker closed after still receive or again receive auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, auxiliary circuit breaker disconnects first again, after this speed-sensitive switch disconnects, and after this, if receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal, then disconnect main circuit breaker.The step of disconnection and closed auxiliary circuit breaker and speed-sensitive switch can repeat, until finally receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal, or in alternative, does not receive other auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal.
According to a specific embodiments, the so-called on-line monitoring of final controlling element.Under normal operation, main circuit breaker is in no current state, and this makes likely can to test its existing at least one power semiconductor switch and any other power semiconductor, operability as fly-wheel diode.At least according to not having auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal and main circuit breaker cut-off signal to identify the fact of normal operating condition, but certainly other sensor information can be used for determining whether time point is suitable for performing this on-line monitoring.After the test success of main circuit breaker, main circuit breaker can close after further processing immediately or after a while.Main points are, main circuit breaker is closed before auxiliary circuit breaker will disconnect at the latest.
Except the test of main circuit breaker, also can auxiliary circuit breaker be made in normal operation condition to enter no current state, so that tested.Comprise the following steps: according to the method for the on-line monitoring for auxiliary circuit breaker of embodiment
-disconnect auxiliary circuit breaker, thus by current transformation to main circuit breaker,
-after this disconnect speed-sensitive switch, test the operability of speed-sensitive switch thus,
If-the operability of after this testing at least one power semiconductor switch of auxiliary circuit breaker and the words of at least one fly-wheel diode that there is auxiliary circuit breaker also test the operability of at least one fly-wheel diode of auxiliary circuit breaker,
-after a successful test, closed speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker again.
By above-mentioned on-line monitoring, can all switch elements, the i.e. main circuit breaker of test both opens device, auxiliary circuit breaker and speed-sensitive switch operability, and do not disturb the normal running of connected transmission line.This on-line monitoring is impossible for conventional circuit breaker, because them cannot be made to be currentless when not having interruptive current.This also means, cannot continue the operability guaranteeing conventional circuit breaker, because monitored off-line only performs once in a while due to actual cause.Therefore, if the last time of this circuit breaker be maintained in certain time before occur, then in fact whether uncertain circuit breaker can carry out work as expected, until in fact circuit breaker drops into operation, to make current interruption in fault conditions.This not satisfied situation is greatly improved by tripper described here, because it by follow-on test, and can be guaranteed with high reliability because of its operability thus.
Apparatus and method described here can be advantageously used in a kind of comprise at least one other device of identical type layout, in such as switch yard.If this other device is connected to the current path identical with transmission line or distribution line, then other device can be used as so-called back-up breaker, that is, be used as the tripper disconnected when primitive apparatus cannot disconnect.The invention provides following advantage: when making primitive apparatus enter operation, but before the fault of primitive apparatus being detected, other device can activated in advance.In a specific embodiments of method, following additional step is performed: first disconnect the auxiliary circuit breaker in other device after auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal is received for primitive apparatus, after this speed-sensitive switch in other device is disconnected, then check whether the electric current in primitive apparatus successfully transforms to nonlinear resistor, and if not, then break main circuit breaker at other device.Otherwise if in primitive apparatus, electric current successfully transforms to nonlinear resistor, then the speed-sensitive switch in other device and auxiliary circuit breaker close again.The advantage activating this mode of tripper for subsequent use is in advance, shortens to the time that just sensing and/or guard block generate needed for main circuit breaker cut-off signal add until finally recognize the time that original tripper cannot disconnect in the out of order situation of original tripper by the switch yard time period of removing before fault.Then, the main circuit breaker of tripper for subsequent use only needs its a few microsecond to make current interruption, that is, be the insignificant time period compared with the remainder of time.Due to the shorter time period, earlier interrupt so fault current is compared to conventional tripper, that is, the fault current level finally reached is less.Therefore, such as the optional equipment of the switch yard of reactor and lightning arrester group (arrestorbanks) and so on can determine size with small-scale, thus causes cost to reduce.
Apparatus and method described here can also be advantageously used in during current limliting arranges, wherein current limliting arranges that comprising at least two is connected in series and the device be connected in series with the current path by transmission line or distribution line mutually.Electric current in current path exceedes the overcurrent limit, the device of the first specific quantity at least two devices described in operation, makes to commutate the current to corresponding nonlinear resistor, reduces electric current thus.Use term " operation ", to represent that first one of said method for disconnecting auxiliary circuit breaker subsequently, then disconnecting speed-sensitive switch and the corresponding main circuit breaker of last disconnection.From the general principle that the known this current limliting of EP0867998B1 is arranged, but layout wherein uses the above-mentioned separate solid DC circuit breaker with the problem of high loss.When using according to device of the present invention, overcome this problem.
The alternative that current limliting is arranged comprises
At least two of-main circuit breaker and nonlinear resistor are connected in parallel, and wherein these are connected in parallel and are mutually connected in series, and wherein these main circuit breakers respectively comprise at least one power semiconductor switch of identical one or more senses of current, and
Being connected in series of-speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker, wherein speed-sensitive switch comprises at least one mechanical switch, and wherein auxiliary circuit breaker compare main circuit breaker any one there is less conducting resistance, and comprise at least one power semiconductor switch of the one or more senses of current identical with at least one power semiconductor switch of main circuit breaker
-wherein this is connected in series and is connected in parallel with at least two.
Correspondingly, the sole difference arranged with above-mentioned current limliting is, speed-sensitive switch and being connected in series of auxiliary circuit breaker here only exist once, and in above-mentioned layout, it exists the number of times with main circuit breaker and nonlinear resistor as much.
There is function that a speed-sensitive switch and the current limliting of auxiliary circuit breaker arrange and to have multiple speed-sensitive switch identical with the layout of auxiliary circuit breaker.Correspondingly, this layout is suitable for first disconnecting an auxiliary circuit breaker, then a speed-sensitive switch is disconnected, and after this disconnect the main circuit breaker of the first specific quantity, make the main circuit breaker first being commutated to the first specific quantity by the electric current of speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker, and then commutate to corresponding nonlinear resistor, the electric current wherein in the transmission line of this layout series connection with it connection or the current path of distribution line exceedes the overcurrent limit, perform this conversion.
According to an embodiment, degree according to exceeding the overcurrent limit determines the first specific quantity, and preferably, the first specific quantity is determined again drop to lower than the overcurrent limit for reducing this electric current to make it and at least remain on predetermined current level in certain time period.
In current limliting is arranged, use the advantage be connected in parallel of at least two above-mentioned trippers or main circuit breaker and nonlinear resistor as follows respectively.Electric current remains on predefine level and correspondingly the not further time period of rising is actually the gain of the algorithm of sensing and/or guard block.Whether algorithm makes this additional period section in fact exist for assessment of fault state.Therefore, it is possible to for providing more high accuracy and reliability about electric current the need of interrupted final judgement, make to avoid unnecessary current interruptions.In addition, because limit current level, so the main circuit breaker of current limliting layout and thus one or more power semiconductor switch only need to be rated for less breaking current, this greatly reduces cost.
When the electric current of interruptive current path judgement finally by sense and/or the algorithm of guard block to carry out, two current limlitings are arranged all as tripper itself.In that case, operation all the other trippers all that wherein corresponding main circuit breaker is still closed or be connected in parallel, all nonlinear resistors that the current transformation in current path is arranged to current limliting, make the current interruption in current path thus.
Above-mentioned two current limlitings are arranged can Limited Current, as long as the heat energy in its nonlinear resistor does not become too high.
According to an embodiment, monitor the heat energy in the nonlinear resistor corresponding with disconnecting main circuit breaker, and when it exceedes predefine the first energy limit, disconnected main circuit breaker again to close, and operate at least two devices of previously closed identical first specific quantity of its main circuit breaker or at least two be connected in parallel and disconnect its corresponding main circuit breaker thus.
This can repeat, until current limliting arrange nonlinear resistor at least one in heat energy exceed predefine second energy limit.If that situation occurs, then the judgement of the electric current completely in interruptive current path under any circumstance all must be carried out, and has nothing to do with the intermediate object program of the algorithm of sensing and/or guard block.
By the different piece of main circuit breaker disconnected in an alternating manner and closed current limliting is arranged, the increase of the heat energy in corresponding nonlinear resistor and being thus increased between nonlinear resistor of its current stress more uniformly distribute, and make the current stress of each independent nonlinear resistor within tolerable limit, keep section for more time.Correspondingly, because the necessity of the electric current more than the second energy limit in interrupt transfer circuit occurs after a while, extend the time of the algorithm that can be used for sensing and/or guard block thus further.
In the further developing of embodiment, determine that at least one nonlinear resistor that current limliting arranges is until the current stress of whole nonlinear resistor, and the current level such as taking to flow through nonlinear resistor and corresponding time period are multiplied and ly amass, each opening operation of corresponding main circuit breaker carried out to the form of suing for peace or take the form of temperature curve to be in time stored in storage arrangement by current stress.According to current stress, can determine to estimate useful life to corresponding nonlinear resistor, and this information can be used in the over-over mode of the main circuit breaker of adapting operation current-limiting components, to increase at least one nonlinear resistor until the expectation useful life of whole nonlinear resistor.
Except the second energy limit, although another upper limit causing clear and definite current interruption to judge is current limliting arrange be in movable electric current also increase and reach the main circuit breaker that current limliting is arranged is defined as can the maximum current level of open circuit time situation.
In a specific embodiments, first be in off-position at transmission line or distribution line or be first pre-charged to from when being in power supply state and this circuit will be coupled at least one other transmission line of at least one other circuit or the different voltage level of distribution line, current limliting arranges that being used for that the surge current that can occur in transmission line or distribution line is restricted to current limliting arranges connected current path.Under regard to deenergizing circuit so that this embodiment to be described, but it is applicable to the circuit being pre-charged to different voltage level equally.
Surge current occurs because of the additional capacitor added suddenly via previous deenergizing circuit, and it can become high to the disconnection immediately making again to cause previous deenergizing circuit.In current practice, use and so-calledly insert resistor in advance, this resistor is temporarily connected in series and limit inrush currents with previous deenergizing circuit.According to this specific embodiments, current limliting arranges that the function of resistor is inserted in adapter in advance, reduces costs thus.Before transmission line or distribution line are coupled at least one supply line, current limliting is arranged and is in off-state.The term " off-state " that tripper described here or current limliting are arranged means, all auxiliary and main circuit breaker and all speed-sensitive switches of that device or layout all disconnect.
During deenergizing circuit is coupled at least one supply line, the part of main circuit breaker that current limliting is arranged closes, and another part of main circuit breaker and one or more speed-sensitive switch and one or more auxiliary circuit breaker remain disconnection.After being successfully coupled, another part of main circuit breaker, one or more speed-sensitive switch and one or more auxiliary circuit breaker close, and the current transformation in current limliting being arranged thus is to one or more speed-sensitive switch and one or more auxiliary circuit breaker.After successful transformation, main circuit breaker can disconnect again, until one or more auxiliary circuit breaker disconnects next time.The part that will first close in main circuit breaker is chosen as the quantity of the as much fully needed for limit inrush currents, makes the disconnection avoiding previous deenergizing circuit.
The other embodiment of device itself is also proposed.In an embodiment of device, main circuit breaker and/or auxiliary circuit breaker comprise at least one power semiconductor switch be connected in parallel with at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current.This embodiment is applicable to increasing the rated current of respective circuit breakers, is relevant to breaking current level to determine the size of main circuit breaker wherein, here, and the grade being relevant to continuous current transmission is to determine the size of auxiliary circuit breaker.An advantage of this embodiment is, the increase of continuous current transmission is only possible with minimum cost, because auxiliary current circuit breaker only comprises one to several power semiconductor switch, its smallest number must be doubled.In addition, the size that must adjust speed-sensitive switch is determined.Before the tripper only with a solid-state main circuit breaker in a kind of stand-alone solution, the increase of continuous current transmission cause cost intensive many release unit because must increase in parallel up to hundreds of power semiconductor switchs.Another advantage is, compared with the stand-alone solution shared with being relevant to electric current, the design of main circuit breaker can be simplified, because electric current only flows through main circuit breaker in the extremely short time period between the conversion and the disconnection of main circuit breaker of auxiliary circuit breaker, the possible uneven electric current between parallel branch is distributed and only occurs momently.
In another embodiment of device, main circuit breaker and auxiliary circuit breaker include and to be connected in parallel with at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current and to have at least one power semiconductor switch of second sense of current.By this embodiment, this device becomes the two-way device being suitable for interruption first sense of current and the second contrary sense of current.The switch that the power semiconductor switch of connection parallel with one another can be each independent switch or be integrated in same semiconductor packages.
Known in the art, power semiconductor switch respectively can provide the fly-wheel diode be connected with to inductive switch inverse parallel.In that case, the alternative being proposed to be used in two-way device main circuit breaker and there is the second opposite current flow direction in auxiliary circuit breaker, at least one power semiconductor switch of being connected in series with at least one power semiconductor switch of first sense of current, wherein this at least one power semiconductor switch of second sense of current is also connected with fly-wheel diode inverse parallel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Now with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention and embodiment are described, accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 illustrates the first example of the primary element of solid circuit breaker,
Fig. 2 illustrates the device of one embodiment of the present of invention,
Fig. 3 illustrates the second example of the primary element of solid circuit breaker,
Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the device taking two-way device form,
Fig. 5 illustrates the 3rd example of the primary element of solid circuit breaker,
Fig. 6 illustrates the first embodiment of the switch yard connecting HVDC converter and four DC transmission lines,
It is mutual that Fig. 7 illustrates between the device of Fig. 2 and apparatus control portion part and switch yard control assembly,
Fig. 8 illustrates the timing sequence of the step of an embodiment according to method of the present invention,
Fig. 9 illustrates the timing sequence for operating tripper and tripper for subsequent use,
Figure 10 illustrates the first embodiment that current limliting is arranged,
Figure 11 illustrates the second embodiment that current limliting is arranged,
Figure 12 illustrates the second embodiment of the switch yard connecting HVDC converter and four DC transmission lines.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the first primary element 6 of the solid circuit breaker for using in embodiments of the invention, and wherein solid circuit breaker is the main circuit breaker and auxiliary circuit breaker that further illustrate below.The power semiconductor switch 1 that first primary element 6 comprises first sense of current 4 and the fly-wheel diode 2 be connected with power semiconductor switch 1 inverse parallel.
Shown in Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of device of the present invention in use the first primary element 6.The tripper 13 of Fig. 2 is suitable for 50kV and above high-voltage applications, can make the current interruption up to about 10kA, and be connected in series with power transmission line 14.Power transmission line 14 is preferably HVDC power transmission line.Tripper 13 comprises: main circuit breaker 8, comprises dozens of until being connected in series of hundreds of primary elements 6 ,-depend on voltage level-; Nonlinear resistor 11, is parallel-connected to main circuit breaker 8; And being connected in series of speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9, be parallel-connected to main circuit breaker 8 and nonlinear resistor 11.Auxiliary circuit breaker 9 only comprises a primary element 6.Speed-sensitive switch 11 shows to be a mechanical switch, but in this illustration, it is made up of being connected in series of at least two mechanical switchs operated simultaneously.In series place reactor 12 with tripper 13 to limit for current rate.Can understand from Fig. 2, tripper 13 can interrupt the electric current only flowing through transmission line 14 along first sense of current 4.Correspondingly, it is not suitable for use in AC tie breaker, but it can be used as starting from roughly, and 1kV and quota (rating) are until the DC tie breaker of 1000kV and above large voltage range, that is, it can use in distribution and transmission of electricity two fields.
In Fig. 3, can see the second primary element 7 for solid circuit breaker, it comprises being connected in parallel of the power semiconductor switch 1 of first sense of current 4 and the power semiconductor switch 3 of the second opposite current flow direction 5.
Shown in Fig. 4 according to an embodiment of device of the present invention in use the second primary element 7.The tripper 17 of Fig. 4 is two-way tripper, because it can make the current interruption along first sense of current 4 and second sense of current 5 in transmission line 14.The Design and Features of two-way tripper 16 is similar to tripper 13 in other side, namely, it is suitable for identical voltage and current scope, and it comprises identical element, wherein sole difference is, main circuit breaker 15 and auxiliary circuit breaker 16 comprise the second primary element 7 and replace the first primary element 6.In addition, because tripper 17 is two-way trippers, so it can be used as two-way DC tie breaker, that is, as first sense of current 4 and second sense of current 5 DC circuit breaker and be used as AC tie breaker.
Can understand from Fig. 8 and how can operate in case of a fault according to tripper of the present invention.Unidirectional tripper 13 will be used exemplarily the method to be described, but it is applicable to two-way tripper, such as tripper 17 equally.In the x-axis of the coordinate system of Fig. 8, with millisecond, time t is shown, and in y-axis, the electric current I by transmission line 14 is shown.At moment t
1before, main circuit breaker 8 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9 and speed-sensitive switch 10 close, wherein auxiliary circuit breaker 9 and speed-sensitive switch 10 close all the time during the normal running of transmission line 14, and main circuit breaker 8 such as just can close after performing its certain on-line monitoring functional.Rated current I
rateflow through speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9, and main circuit breaker 8 is currentless.At moment t
1, line fault occurs in transmission line 14, and this causes electric current I from rated current I
ratestart to increase continuously.Be moment t in this illustration
1the moment t of 1ms afterwards
2, exceed the first current limitation I of the rated thermal current be set to a little more than transmission line 14
lim, thus cause generating auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal immediately and auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal is sent to auxiliary circuit breaker 9.Auxiliary circuit breaker 9 receives auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, and instantaneous disconnection within several microsecond, thus by electric current I
limtransform to main circuit breaker 8.From the transmission of auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, wait for first time period, until auxiliary circuit breaker clearly disconnects.If such as auxiliary circuit breaker needs 10 μ s to disconnect usually, then first time period can be chosen as 20 μ s.Due to very short compared with the ms scope shown in this first time period with Fig. 8, so not shown.After first time period, speed-sensitive switch 10 disconnects, and this will spend in this illustration a little more than 1ms, makes speed-sensitive switch 10 at moment t
3finally be in off-state.Moment t
5illustrate that the algorithm in sensing and/or guard block judges to be carried out and main circuit breaker cut-off signal is generated and sends to the end of the maximum time interval needed for the various input signal of the pre-treatment of main circuit breaker 8 in open circuit.From moment t
1the fault at place is to moment t
5this maximum time interval calculated is approximately 4ms in this illustration.At this maximum moment t
5, electric current has reached that main circuit breaker is defined as can the maximum current level I of open circuit
bmax, that is, at that time point, main circuit breaker cut-off signal will all be generated in any situation and send to main circuit breaker 8.But, the algorithm in sensing and/or guard block can any moment after fault occurs, namely at t
1any time point afterwards produces and sends main circuit breaker cut-off signal.In this illustration, main circuit breaker cut-off signal by main circuit breaker 8 at moment t
4receive.If signal alternatively at speed-sensitive switch at moment t
3available before having disconnected, or until at speed-sensitive switch at moment t
3disconnect just available, then moment t
4and t
3mark identical time point, that is, the method is directly at moment t
3continue, be described below.Main circuit breaker 8 is instantaneous disconnection within a few microsecond, makes to disconnect and current transformation is engraved in moment t time during nonlinear resistor 11 at main circuit breaker 8
4closely so that in fig. 8 cannot illustrate afterwards.The current level I of main circuit breaker is flowed through thus at that moment t4 current through line 14
breakit is the current level of main circuit breaker in fact necessary open circuit here.What receive publicity is notice that voltage surge may occur when main circuit breaker disconnects.Because the produced voltage level of increase is applied to speed-sensitive switch, so it will be designed accordingly and quota.
May it should be noted that in general, any ultrafast console switch all can be used as auxiliary circuit breaker.Main thought of the present invention is, in parallel with main circuit breaker being connected in series, auxiliary circuit breaker adapter switch has increased current level I
limwith transform to main circuit breaker and (increased current level I
limstill far below actual breaking current I
break) task, and the task of tolerating overall height voltage level is fulfiled by mechanical high-speed switch.Assuming that the ultrafast mechanical switch such as can fulfiling the function identical with solid-state auxiliary circuit breaker becomes available, that is, ultrafast switch can make the current level I of such as 2kA within the very short time section being significantly less than 1ms
limopen circuit, and the same voltage level that can tolerate such as 2kV.In that case, auxiliary circuit breaker also may be mechanical switch, replaces solid-state switch.
In Fig. 5, the 3rd primary element 19 is shown, it comprises being connected in series of the power semiconductor switch 1 of first sense of current and the power semiconductor switch 3 of the second contrary sense of current.Each power semiconductor switch has the fly-wheel diode 2 and 18 that inverse parallel connects respectively.Primary element 19 is in figure 6 for representing the two-way tripper be arranged in switch yard 20, wherein two-way tripper is built by the element identical with two-way tripper 17, and wherein sole difference is that main circuit breaker and auxiliary circuit breaker include the 3rd primary element 19 and replace the second primary element 7.Because the general utility functions of tripper 17 and the tripper constructed by the 3rd primary element 19 are identical, so they can be used for identical voltage and current scope and DC, two-way DC or AC current interruption application.
The switch yard of Fig. 6 is that the HVDC converter 30 of the voltage source converter comprising the power semiconductor switch with turn-off capacity is connected with four DC transmission line 26-29 of DC electrical network by showing here.Assuming that line fault occurs in DC transmission line 28.In that case, tripper 22 and 21 must disconnect, circuit 28 and other circuit 26,27 and 29 to be disconnected, and disconnect with the remainder of DC electrical network thus.On rare occasions, the situation that tripper cannot disconnect may be there is.In order to still the as many circuit of DC electrical network and faulty line 28 be disconnected, define so-called back-up breaker or tripper for subsequent use in switch yard, they disconnect when the original tripper of its correspondence cannot disconnect.In the example of fig. 6, assuming that tripper 22 successfully disconnects tripper 21 is out of order while.Back-up breaker for tripper 21 is tripper 23 and 24.In this illustration, need two back-up breakers, because the current path of transmission line 28 is divided into two paths in switch yard 20, one is passed tripper 24, and another is through tripper 23.Sequential now with reference to Fig. 9 and by then disconnecting tripper for subsequent use after using Kaiyuan beginning tripper of passing judgement the example of original tripper 21 and tripper for subsequent use 23,24.
The x-axis of the coordinate system of Fig. 9 illustrates time t with millisecond again, and y-axis illustrates the electric current I by transmission line 28.At moment t
1before, advocate peace auxiliary circuit breaker and the speed-sensitive switch of tripper 21,23 and 24 close; Electric current flows through auxiliary circuit breaker and speed-sensitive switch, and main circuit breaker is currentless simultaneously.Independent level through the electric current of each tripper 21,22,23 and 24 is determined by the electric current distribution of switch yard inside.At moment t
1, line fault occurs in transmission line 28, and this causes electric current I from rated current I
ratestart to increase continuously.This current fed switch yard increased, and be fed to the remainder of DC electrical network thus, this prevents by disconnecting tripper 21 and 22.But as previously described, tripper 22 will further not considered, because think that its tripping action is successful.At moment t
2, exceed the first current limitation I of the rated thermal current be positioned at a little more than transmission line 28
lim, thus cause instantaneous generation auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal and auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal be sent to the auxiliary circuit breaker of original tripper 21 and tripper for subsequent use 23,24.Auxiliary circuit breaker receives auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, and instantaneous disconnection within a few microsecond, thus by its corresponding current transformation to its corresponding main circuit breaker.As being relevant to as described in Fig. 8, from the transmission of auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, first time period is waited for, until estimate that corresponding auxiliary circuit breaker is also disconnected disconnection at corresponding speed-sensitive switch for each tripper in three trippers 21,23 and 24.The speed-sensitive switch of tripper 21,23 and 24 is at moment t
3whole disconnection.In this illustration, open circuit judges by sense and/or guard block carries out, and main circuit breaker cut-off signal is at moment t
4be generated and send to the main circuit breaker of original tripper 21, main circuit breaker should receive this signal and instantaneously to respond.But the main circuit breaker of tripper 21 cannot disconnect, and correspondingly, current transformation is not had to arrive corresponding nonlinear resistor.This fact is at moment t
5be identified, moment t
5in this illustration with main circuit breaker because reaching I
bmaxand the moment that must disconnect at the latest overlaps.Main circuit breaker cut-off signal is generated immediately and sends to the main circuit breaker of tripper 23 and 24 for subsequent use, and they are by instantaneous disconnection.Therefore, at t
5circuit breaker failure identification with at t
6tripper one or more for subsequent use disconnection between response time only by until back-up breaker main circuit breaker disconnect time m-this be here extremely short-determine.But, with t
5with t
6between time period of slightly amplifying illustrate, to illustrate at moment t
6the current level reached equals that main circuit breaker is defined as can the maximum current level I of open circuit
bmaxadd surplus I for subsequent use
marg, that is, in fact the main circuit breaker of the tripper of Fig. 6 is designed to make this increase maximum current level (I
bmax+ I
marg) open circuit.
In Fig. 7, a kind of layout is shown, for illustration of tripper 13, mutual example possible between apparatus control portion part 36 and switch yard control assembly 38, wherein suppose that tripper 13 is same good with other tripper part of the switch yard controlled by switch yard control assembly 38.Switch yard control assembly 38 has from one or more signals 37 of the more senior control and protection system of the electrical network belonging to transmission line 14 and the current measurement signal that undertaken by current sensor 32 as input signal.Current sensor 32 transmits the measurement of the current level in transmission line 14.According to these input signals, switch yard control assembly 38 show that about the one or more of the tripper in corresponding switch yard be again close or the judgement disconnected.The output signal 37 of switch yard control assembly 38 sends to apparatus control portion part 36 and indicates the signal that tripper 13 will disconnect, mean that the electric current through tripper 13 will be interrupted, and still will disconnect as tripper for subsequent use irrelevant as original tripper with device 13.From apparatus control portion part 36, by following information back to switch yard control assembly: signal 34, instruction tripper 13 be arranged to and thus can before actual open circuit judges by current transformation to its main circuit breaker 8; And signal 35, instruction tripper 13 is out of order, that is, electric current may not transform to nonlinear resistor 11.Signal 34 notifies that switch yard control assembly 38 is possible about pole short response time and can correspondingly adjusts control and protection algorithm.
Except signal 33, the other input signal of auto levelizer control assembly 36 is the current measurement signal of current sensor 32 and the current indicating signal of current indicator 25 and 31.Whether current indicator 25 indicator current is present in the branch road of speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9, and whether other current indicator 31 indicator current is present in the branch road of nonlinear resistor 11.Current indicator 25 and 31 is without the need to carrying out actual current measurement; But if they can provide " Yes/No " answer to the problem of the electric current existed, just enough.As being previously relevant to as described in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, apparatus control portion part 36 was for indicating in transmission line 14 more than the first current limitation I
limthe current measurement of current sensor 32 respond, and generate auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, and send it to auxiliary circuit breaker 9 via connection 41, and have nothing to do with the input signal 33 from switch yard control assembly 38.After this, when have passed through first time period or in the first alternative when from current sensor 32 measurement more than during the second current limitation or in the second alternative when current indicator 25 indicator current successfully transform to no longer there is electric current in main circuit breaker 8, branch road at speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9 time, cut-off signal sends to speed-sensitive switch 10 via connection 39.
Once after this input signal 33 indicates the electric current that tripper 13 will interrupt in transmission line 14, apparatus control portion part 36 just generates main circuit breaker cut-off signal, and sends it to main circuit breaker 8 via connection 40.When tripper 13 operates as original circuit breaker by switch yard control assembly 38, with using tripper 13 compared with the situation that back-up breaker operates, input signal 33 will the early time interval (t
5-t
4) arrive (see Fig. 9).After main circuit breaker cut-off signal 40 is issued, apparatus control portion part 36 monitors the signal from current indicator 31.If do not receive the instruction of electric current successful transformation to nonlinear resistor 11 after sending the time predefined section after main circuit breaker cut-off signal, then apparatus control portion part 36 sends signal 35 to switch yard control assembly 38, to notify its fault about tripper 13, make switch yard control assembly 38 can the tripper for subsequent use of active device 13.
If speed-sensitive switch 10 disconnect after or alternatively auxiliary circuit breaker disconnect after have passed through such as 100ms second time period-during this period apparatus control portion part 36 not yet receive any information will interrupted about the electric current in circuit 14 via signal 33, then apparatus control portion part 36 sends closure signal via connection 39 and 41 respectively to speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9.If after this from the measurement of current sensor 32 still or again more than the first current limitation, then again start whole process.
Figure 10 illustrates the first embodiment that current limliting is arranged, and Figure 11 illustrates its second embodiment.Therefore current limliting layout 42 in Figure 10 based on first primary element 6 of Fig. 1, and can be used as the operation of Unidirectional flow-limiting device.Current limliting arranges that 42 comprise being connected in series of some trippers 13, and is connected in series with transmission line 44 and with current limiting reactor 12.The current limliting of Figure 11 arranges that 43 based on the 3rd primary element 19 of Fig. 5, and therefore can be used as the operation of bidirectional current limiting device.Arrange that 43 comprise being connected in series of the main circuit breaker 45 respectively comprising at least one the 3rd primary element 19, wherein each main circuit breaker 45 has the nonlinear resistor 11 be connected in parallel.Be connected in series across the whole of main circuit breaker 45, being connected in series to be in of speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 46 is connected in parallel, and wherein auxiliary circuit breaker 46 comprises at least one the 3rd primary element 19.Current limliting layout 43 itself is with transmission line 44 and be connected in series with current limiting reactor 12.
The other embodiment that unshowned current limliting is arranged can comprise main circuit breaker and one or more auxiliary circuit breaker, and they are based on first, second or the 3rd primary element, and one of them is arranged according to mode shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11.Because the second primary element 7 works on two senses of current, so corresponding current limliting is arranged also can be used as the operation of bidirectional current limiting device.
Arrange according to current limliting of the present invention and can be used for the voltage range identical with above-mentioned tripper, that is, for medium-voltage distribution and high voltage power transmission application.
Be relevant to now the using method that Fig. 8 arranges to the current limliting describing Figure 11.At moment t
1not long ago, main circuit breaker 8 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9 and speed-sensitive switch 10 close.Rated current I
rateflow through speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 9, and main circuit breaker 8 is currentless.At moment t
1, line fault occurs in transmission line 44, and this causes electric current I from rated current I
ratestart to increase continuously.At moment t
2, exceed the first current limitation I of the rated thermal current be set to a little more than transmission line 44
lim, thus cause generating auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal immediately and send auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal to auxiliary circuit breaker 9.Auxiliary circuit breaker 9 receives auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, and instantaneous disconnection within several microsecond, thus by electric current I
limtransform to main circuit breaker 8.From the transmission of auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal, wait for first time period, until auxiliary circuit breaker clearly disconnects, and then speed-sensitive switch 10 disconnects, and after certain time of such as 1ms, speed-sensitive switch 10 is at moment t
3finally be in off-state.At moment t
3, electric current reaches intermediate current level I
3, I
3higher than the first current limitation I
limbut be starkly lower than maximum breaking current I
bmax.According to the difference (I between intermediate current level and the first current limitation
3-I
lim), at this moment determine that current limliting arranges in 43 the quantity of the main circuit breaker 8 that will disconnect, this is assumed to three main circuit breakers in six main circuit breakers be connected in series 8 altogether in this illustration.Correspondingly, three main circuit breakers 8 disconnect, thus by flow through wherein commutate the current to corresponding nonlinear resistor 11.Therefore, current level is not to increase further with identical advancing the speed above.But increase with comparatively low rate, or remain on intermediate current level I with shown in dotted line as Fig. 8
3, or even reduce.In the example of fig. 8, electric current remains on intermediate current level, until at moment t
4carry out final open circuit judgement, namely interrupt the judgement of the electric current in transmission line 44 completely.Because the heat energy disconnected in the nonlinear resistor 11 of main circuit breaker 8 exceed the upper limit or because sensing and/or guard block in algorithm evaluation transmission line 44 in this current interruptions of failure requirements, so final open circuit judgement can be carried out.Correspondingly, at moment t
4, all main circuit breakers 8 being still in closure state also disconnect, and this is applied to its excess-three main circuit breaker 8 in this illustration.Commutate the current to its corresponding nonlinear resistor 11, and to be finally thus interrupted in transmission line 44.Be clear that from Fig. 8, main circuit breaker 8 must the electric current of open circuit be intermediate current level I in this illustration
3, it is than maximum breaking current I
bmaxwant little many.Although assuming that disconnect the more serious conditions that first three main circuit breaker current level still increases further.Due to the disconnection of some of them main circuit breaker 8, this increase at least occurs with speed that will be low than the pure tripper 13 (or 17) of use.This means, when reach sensing and/or the algorithm of guard block reach reliable open circuit judge needed for maximum time period-be here designed at t
5expire-time, the current level of the necessary open circuit of all the other main circuit breakers 8 is under any circumstance all lower than the maximum breaking current I of pure tripper
bmax.Correspondingly, main circuit breaker 8 can be designed for less maximum breaking current I
bmax, this greatly reduces its cost.
The switch yard of Figure 12 is similar to the switch yard of Fig. 6 in some respects.Four DC transmission line 26-29 of HVDC converter 30 and DC electrical network.A difference is, the tripper being directly connected to circuit 26 and 29 is each by bidirectional current limiting layout 43 replacement according to Figure 11 in fig. 12.Current limliting is arranged by label 43 ', 43 " and 43 " ' represent.In addition, insert resistor 47 in advance with each being connected in series of the tripper being directly connected to circuit 27 and 28, and be connected in parallel by-pass switch 48 with each resistor 47 that inserts in advance.Under normal operation, by-pass switch 48 closes, and as shown in for the by-pass switch corresponding with tripper 21, to disconnect corresponding connection of inserting resistor in advance, and avoids unnecessary loss thus.The tripper 21,22 and 49 being directly connected to circuit 27 and 28 and the tripper 23 and 50 being directly connected to HVDC converter 30 all belong to the bi-directional type based on the 3rd primary element 19.
Assuming that first make circuit 27 power-off and make circuit 27 from other supply lines 26,28 and 29 all by the tripper 22 and 49 being in off-state and disconnect from HVDC converter 30.In alternative, circuit 27 can be pre-charged to and other circuit 26,28 and 29 different voltage levels.In order to circuit 27 be coupled to the remainder of network and power to it thus, tripper 49 and 22 is closed by closed its main circuit breaker, speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker.Meanwhile, the by-pass switch 48 that in advance insert resistor 47 corresponding with tripper 22 and 49 disconnects, and the surge current that can pour in circuit 27 from the left and right sides of switch yard is restricted.After circuit 27 is successfully coupled to other circuit, by-pass switch 48 closes again.
Can be avoided that by any one the alternative tripper arranged by above-mentioned current limliting there is the necessity inserting resistor and by-pass switch be in advance connected in series with each tripper, wherein current limliting is arranged adapter tripper and is inserted the function of resistor in advance, and adds above-described favourable function in addition.In Figure 12, at this moment suppose first to make circuit 26 power-off.In alternative, circuit 26 can be pre-charged to and other circuit 27,28 and 29 different voltage levels.43 ' and 43 is arranged by the current limliting being in off-state " make circuit 26 from other supply lines 27,28 and 29 all and disconnect from HVDC converter 30.In order to circuit 26 be coupled to the remainder of network and power to it thus, by means of only its main circuit breaker 45 closed a part and by making other main circuit breaker 45, speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 46 remain open, partly closing current limliting and arranging 43 ' and 43 ".The surge current of the nonlinear resistor that restricted passage is corresponding with the part remained open of main circuit breaker 45 thus.After circuit 26 is successfully coupled to other circuit, current limliting arranges 43 ' and 43 " other main circuit breaker 45, speed-sensitive switch 10 and auxiliary circuit breaker 46 close, make current transformation in these current limlitings layout to speed-sensitive switch and auxiliary circuit breaker.After this, all main circuit breakers 45 can disconnect again.
Claims (22)
1. make the device (13 of the direct current open circuit flowing through transmission line or distribution line (14), 17), described device (13,17) main circuit breaker (8 is comprised, 15) and being connected in parallel of nonlinear resistor (11), described main circuit breaker (8,15) comprises at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of first sense of current (4), wherein
Described device also comprises the speed-sensitive switch (10) and auxiliary circuit breaker (9 that wherein comprise at least one mechanical switch, 16) be connected in series, described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) described main circuit breaker (8 is compared, 15) there is less conducting resistance, and comprise at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of described first sense of current (4), wherein said be connected in series be parallel-connected to described in be connected in parallel; And described device is adapted at performing the following step when not having auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41) and main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40):
-disconnect described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16), thus by described current transformation to described main circuit breaker (8,15),
-after this disconnect described speed-sensitive switch (10), test the operability of described speed-sensitive switch (10) thus,
-after this test described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) at least one power semiconductor switch (1 described, 3) if operability and there is described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) words of at least one fly-wheel diode described also test described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) operability of at least one fly-wheel diode described
-after a successful test, closed described speed-sensitive switch (10) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) again.
2. device (13,17) as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described main circuit breaker (8,15) is compared described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) and is had higher rated voltage block capability.
3. device (13,17) as claimed in claim 2, wherein
-described main circuit breaker (8,15) comprises at least two power semiconductor switchs be connected in series (1) of described first sense of current (4),
-described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) comprise described first sense of current (4), have and described main circuit breaker (8,15) at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of the voltage blocking capability that described power semiconductor switch (1) is identical, and
-compare described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16), described main circuit breaker (8,15) comprises the power semiconductor switch (1) of larger quantity all the time.
4. the device according to any one of claim 1-3, wherein, described main circuit breaker and/or described auxiliary circuit breaker comprise described first sense of current (4), at least one other power semiconductor switch (1) of being connected in parallel with at least one power semiconductor switch described of described first sense of current.
5. the device (17) according to any one of claim 1-4, wherein, described main circuit breaker (8,15) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) all comprise and to be connected in parallel with described at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of described first sense of current (4) and there is at least one power semiconductor switch (3) of second sense of current (5).
6. the device (13) according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein, described main circuit breaker and described auxiliary circuit breaker respectively comprise at least one fly-wheel diode (2), each fly-wheel diode (2) be connected in anti-parallel to described first sense of current (4) described at least one power semiconductor switch (1) one of them.
7. device (21-24) as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described main circuit breaker and described auxiliary circuit breaker respectively comprise at least one power semiconductor switch (3) of second sense of current (5), and described at least one power semiconductor switch (3) has the fly-wheel diode (18) that is connected with its inverse parallel and is connected in series with described at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of described first sense of current (4).
8. the device as described in any one in above claim, be adapted at receiving auxiliary circuit breaker signal but from described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) closed described speed-sensitive switch (10) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) again when disconnection plays or do not receive within time period disconnection from described speed-sensitive switch (10) main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40).
9. the device as described in any one in above claim, also comprises apparatus control portion part (36), wherein has:
First input end, is applicable to measuring from current sensor (32) received current of the electric current the described circuit of applicable measurement (14), and
Second input, is applicable to receiving the signal indicating described device to disconnect, wherein
Described apparatus control portion part is applicable to responding instruction and measures more than institute's received current of the first current limitation in described transmission line and generate auxiliary circuit breaker signal; And
Described apparatus control portion part generates main circuit breaker cut-off signal when being also adapted at receiving the signal indicating described device to disconnect.
10. one kind for being connected to one group of transmission line (26 by HVDC converter (30), 27,28,29) switch yard, wherein, for each transmission line, described switch yard comprises the primitive apparatus as described in any one in above claim and the reserve arrangement as described in any one in above claim, and described switch yard also comprises:
Current detecting part (32), is applicable to the current measurement signal of the current level generated in instruction first transmission line; And
Described switch yard is arranged so that the current measurement signal responding described first transmission line has exceeded current limitation, generates auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal and auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal was sent to the described primitive apparatus of described first transmission line and described reserve arrangement before the judgement of described main circuit breaker carrying out the described primitive apparatus disconnecting described first transmission line.
11. operations are used for the method for the device making the direct current open circuit flowing through transmission line or distribution line (14), and described device comprises:
Being connected in parallel of main circuit breaker (8,15) and nonlinear resistor (11), described main circuit breaker (8,15) comprises at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of first sense of current (4), and
Auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) being connected in series of speed-sensitive switch (10) of at least one mechanical switch and is wherein comprised, described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) described main circuit breaker (8 is compared, 15) there is less conducting resistance and comprise at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of described first sense of current (4), wherein
Described be connected in series be parallel-connected to described in be connected in parallel, and
Described device (13,17; 21) be connected in series to through transmission line or distribution line (14; 28) current path, and the described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) and the described speed-sensitive switch (10) that wherein close described device, described method comprises the following steps:
-closed described main circuit breaker (8,15),
If-receive auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41), then disconnect described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16), thus by current transformation to described main circuit breaker (8,15),
-after this, disconnect described speed-sensitive switch (10),
-after this, if receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40), then disconnect described main circuit breaker (8,15), thus by current transformation to described nonlinear resistor (11),
When described method is included in and does not have auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41) and main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40):
-disconnect described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16), thus by current transformation to described main circuit breaker (8,15),
-after this disconnect described speed-sensitive switch (10), test the operability of described speed-sensitive switch (10) thus,
-after this test described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) at least one power semiconductor switch (1 described, 3) if operability and there is described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) words of at least one fly-wheel diode described also test the operability of at least one fly-wheel diode described
-after a successful test, closed described speed-sensitive switch (10) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) again.
12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein, when there is no auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41) and main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40), disconnect described main circuit breaker (8,15), and test its at least one power semiconductor switch (1,3) if operability and the words that there is its at least one fly-wheel diode also test the operability of its at least one fly-wheel diode, and again close described main circuit breaker (8,15).
13. methods according to any one of claim 11-12, wherein, immediately described electric current is more than the first current limitation (t
1) generate afterwards, send and receive auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41).
14. methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described first current limitation (I
lim) be defined as a little more than the rated thermal current of described circuit or a little more than the rated thermal current of converter station being connected to described circuit.
15. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 14, wherein, rise when have passed through first time period in the disconnection from described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) and disconnect described speed-sensitive switch (10).
16. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 15, wherein, at described electric current more than disconnecting described speed-sensitive switch (10) during the second current limitation.
17. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 16, wherein, disconnect described speed-sensitive switch (10) receiving when the described electric current of instruction successfully transforms to signal (25) of described main circuit breaker (8,15).
18. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 17, wherein, if break down (t in described circuit (14,28) and/or in the other electric device being connected to described circuit
4), then generate, send and receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40).
19. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 18, wherein, from described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) when disconnection rises or does not receive main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40) within the second time period disconnection from described speed-sensitive switch (10), described speed-sensitive switch (10) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) close again.
20. methods as claimed in claim 19, wherein, at described speed-sensitive switch (10) and described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) still to receive after closed or when again receiving described auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41), first described auxiliary circuit breaker (9 is disconnected, 16), after this described speed-sensitive switch (10) is disconnected, if and after this received described main circuit breaker cut-off signal (40), would disconnect described main circuit breaker (8,15).
21. methods as described in any one in claim 11 to 20, wherein, other device (23,24) is connected to the current path identical with described transmission line or distribution line (28), and described other device comprises
Being connected in parallel of main circuit breaker (8,15) and nonlinear resistor (11), described main circuit breaker (8,15) comprises at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of first sense of current (4), and
Wherein comprise speed-sensitive switch (10) and the auxiliary circuit breaker (9 of at least one mechanical switch, 16) be connected in series, described auxiliary circuit breaker (9,16) described main circuit breaker (8 is compared, 15) there is less conducting resistance and comprise at least one power semiconductor switch (1) of described first sense of current (4), wherein said be connected in series be parallel-connected to described in be connected in parallel, described method comprises following further step when receiving described auxiliary circuit breaker cut-off signal (41) for described device (21):
-first disconnect described auxiliary circuit breaker in described other device (23,24),
-after this disconnect described speed-sensitive switch in described other device (23,24),
If-in described device (21), electric current does not successfully transform to described nonlinear resistor, then break described main circuit breaker at described other device (23,24), or
If-in described device (21), electric current successfully transforms to described nonlinear resistor, then the described speed-sensitive switch in closed described other device (23,24) and described auxiliary circuit breaker.
22. methods as described in any one in claim 11-21, wherein
The disconnection of described auxiliary circuit breaker was performed before the judgement carrying out the main circuit breaker disconnecting described first quantity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510645982.4A CN105206449B (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2009-11-16 | Make the apparatus and method and current limliting arrangement of the current interruption of transmission line of electricity or distribution line |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510645982.4A CN105206449B (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2009-11-16 | Make the apparatus and method and current limliting arrangement of the current interruption of transmission line of electricity or distribution line |
| CN200980162538.XA CN102687221B (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2009-11-16 | The apparatus and method of the current interruption of transmission line or distribution line and current limliting are arranged |
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| CN200980162538.XA Division CN102687221B (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2009-11-16 | The apparatus and method of the current interruption of transmission line or distribution line and current limliting are arranged |
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| CN105206449B (en) | 2018-01-02 |
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