CN105206130A - Airbag clearing teaching model and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a teaching model of clearing the air bag and a method for using the same, wherein the teaching model of clearing the air bag includes a lung simulation part, a trachea simulation part, an oropharynx simulation part, a tracheal intubation tube with subglottic suction and a filter; The pharynx simulation part, trachea simulation part, filter and lung simulation part are connected in turn to form a simulated airway; the tracheal intubation includes the leading trachea, balloon, balloon inflation tube and subglottic suction tube, and the tracheal intubation passes through the oropharynx simulation part and is inserted as a whole In the tracheal simulation part, the leading trachea extends all the way to the filter; the airbag is located outside the end of the leading trachea close to the filter, and the airbag can be injected to block the airway to prevent air leakage; the airbag inflation tube is connected to the airbag for feeding the airbag Inflation and deflation; the outlet end of the subglottic suction tube is in the trachea simulation part, which is used to inject the retentate simulation liquid into the trachea simulation part and above the air bag; the filter is used to prevent the simulation liquid from directly flowing into the lung simulation part and causing pollution.

Description

A teaching model of clearing the air bag and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to a medical teaching device and its use method, in particular to a teaching model of air bag clearing and its use method which can be used to simulate "the method of clearing the retentate above the air bag by using the impingement airflow generated by the auxiliary ventilation of a simple respirator".

Background technique

Critically ill patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure often require endotracheal intubation to establish an artificial airway and keep the airway open. After endotracheal intubation, the patient's swallowing is limited, causing oral secretions and gastroesophageal reflux to flow into the lower respiratory tract through the glottis, causing pollution. After the air bag of the artificial airway is inflated, it can prevent the residual flow above the air bag from entering the lower respiratory tract; The air bag will slowly leak, and the retained material will eventually flow into the lower respiratory tract and cause VAP (Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia).

In order to solve the above problems, clinically, the applicant invented a method that does not require a special artificial airway, but uses a simple respirator to assist ventilation, thereby generating an impact airflow to remove the stagnant objects above the airbag. The principle of this method is that when the balloon is fully inflated, the ventilation of the patient can only be done through the catheter. If the balloon is fully deflated, the patient's exhaled airflow can be exhaled from around the catheter as well as through the catheter, and the retentate accumulated above the balloon can be flushed out into the oral cavity by the exhaled airflow; however, due to these The secretion is relatively viscous, and the expiratory flow of tidal breathing is not enough to completely flush out all the secretion, and some secretion may flow down the airway, causing the patient to cough or even infection; therefore, when the patient begins to exhale, through the catheter A larger auxiliary airflow is given, and the two airflows collide to form an outward confluence, which increases the flow of the exhaled airflow, so that the retentate above the airbag is completely flushed into the oral cavity. At this time, use a suction tube to suck up the secretions from the mouth, so as to prevent the residual flow into the lower respiratory tract and cause VAP.

At present, there is no relevant teaching model for teaching this method, and clinical medical staff cannot receive training and perform relevant exercises, resulting in clinical medical staff not being proficient in this technique. Due to improper operation, the retained stream will flow into the lower respiratory tract, increasing Risk of VAP occurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for corresponding teaching models for clinical teaching to standardize this technical operation.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special teaching model of clearing the air bag and its use method, which includes a simulated oropharynx, a simulated airway and lungs containing a tracheal intubation, and a simulated retention above the artificial airway air bag. The clinical medical personnel use a simple respirator to assist ventilation, thereby generating an impact airflow to remove the retentate above the airbag, impacting the retentate in the airway to the simulated oropharynx, and testing the clinical medical personnel by measuring the amount of retentate cleared. proficiency in this skill. If the operation is not done properly, the retentate may flow into the simulated lung, so a filter is connected between the simulated airway and the simulated lung to prevent the retentate from directly flowing into the simulated lung and causing pollution. The filter is a disposable item. If the filter changes color, it can be replaced. It also indicates that clinical medical staff are not proficient in this technology and need to practice more. Through the use of the present invention, clinical medical personnel are familiar with and master the method of using the impulsive airflow generated by the assisted ventilation of the simple respirator to remove the entrapment on the air bag, provide patients with more standardized airway protection, and reduce the risk of VAP.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a teaching model of clearing the air bag, characterized in that the model includes a lung simulation part, a trachea simulation part, an oropharynx simulation part, a tracheal intubation tube with subglottic suction and A filter; the oropharynx simulation part, the trachea simulation part, the filter and the lung simulation part are connected in turn to form a simulated airway; the tracheal intubation includes a leading trachea, an air bag, a balloon inflation tube and a subglottic suction tube, and the leading The outlet end of the trachea is inserted into the trachea simulation part after passing through the oropharynx simulation part, and extends until close to the filter; the air bag is arranged on the outer wall of the main trachea near the outlet end of the main trachea , and block the trachea simulation part after inflated; the balloon inflation tube is connected with the air bag, and is used to inflate and deflate the balloon; the inlet end of the subglottic suction tube is located in the trachea simulation part outside, but the outlet end is located in the simulated part of the trachea and does not exceed the balloon; the subglottic suction tube is used to inject retentate simulation liquid into the simulated part of the trachea and above the balloon, and the filter is used to prevent the The simulated liquid flows directly into the lung simulation part causing contamination.

The lung simulation part is a sealed bag, the trachea simulation part is a plastic long tube, the oropharynx simulation part is a collection storage container, one end of the plastic long tube is connected to the sealed bag through the filter, and the other end is connected to the sealed bag. One end communicates with the collection and storage container.

It also includes a retentate collection device, the retentate collection device is a drainage tube, and a drainage port is arranged at the bottom of the oropharynx simulation part, and the drainage tube is connected with the oropharynx simulation part through the drainage port Through, the drainage tube is used to collect the simulated liquid flushed into the oropharynx simulation part; the wall of the drainage tube is provided with a scale, which can measure the volume of the simulated liquid drained out; the drainage tube A small cap that can be opened is provided at the bottom, and the simulated liquid in the drainage tube can be discharged by unscrewing the small cap.

The filter is a disposable article, which has water absorption and changes color when it encounters the simulated liquid, and a new filter can be replaced after the filter changes color.

The simulated liquid is dilute methylene blue solution.

The airbag teaching model also includes a model head and a bracket, the model head is used to fix the simulated airway, and the bracket is used to support the model head.

A method for using an airbag teaching model, comprising the following steps:

1) Connect the oropharynx simulation part, the trachea simulation part, the filter and the lung simulation part in sequence to form a simulated airway, the endotracheal intubation tube is inserted into the simulated airway from the oropharynx simulation part, and the outlet end of the main trachea is close to the filter at the bottom of the trachea simulation part , the air bag is inflated through the air bag inflation tube, thereby simulating the situation that the endotracheal tube is inserted into the patient's airway;

2) Inject simulated liquid into the simulated part of the trachea and above the air bag through the subglottic suction tube to simulate secretions in the respiratory tract. Since the air bag is inflated, the simulated liquid stays above the air bag and becomes a stagnant substance;

3) Use a simple respirator to assist simulated airway ventilation, squeeze the simple respirator at the end of inhalation and the beginning of exhalation to generate a high-velocity impact airflow, and at the same time deflate the airbag through the airbag inflation tube, and inflate the airbag at the end of air delivery; at this time , the simulated liquid staying above the airbag is impacted by the impact airflow into the simulated part of the inlet pharynx;

4) If the operation method is correct, the simulated liquid remaining above the airbag will be successfully impacted into the oropharynx simulation part, and flow into the drainage tube through the drainage hole. To test the proficiency of clinical medical staff on this operation skill; at this time, drain the simulated liquid in the drainage tube and continue to the next step; if the operation method is incorrect, the simulated liquid cannot be impacted into the oropharyngeal simulation If the air bag is inflated too late, the simulated liquid will flow into the filter at the outlet of the leading trachea, causing the filter to change color, suggesting that clinical medical staff are not proficient in this technique and need to practice more. At this time, remove the discolored filter , discharge the simulated liquid in the drainage tube, and continue to the next step;

5) Repeat step 2) to step 4) for the next training on the method of removing the entrapment on the airbag by using the impact airflow generated by the assisted ventilation of the simple respirator until the clinical medical personnel are familiar with and master the operation.

The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme: 1. The air bag teaching model of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. The method of retentate can give patients more standardized airway protection and reduce the risk of VAP. 2. The filter of the present invention can be replaced, and the discoloration of the filter due to improper operation by the trained medical personnel will not affect the continuous use of the teaching model of the clear airbag, and the design is reasonable and practical. 3. The present invention has an additional device for collecting retentate, which can carry out statistics on the amount of removal.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the air bag teaching model of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment 1: The structure of the air bag teaching model

Fig. 1 shows the teaching model of clearing the air bag provided according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which includes a sealed bag 1 for simulating the patient's lungs, a long plastic tube 2 for simulating the patient's trachea, and a Oropharyngeal collection storage container3. Wherein, the sealed bag 1 is an oxygen storage bag, which has a gas storage function. One end of the long plastic tube 2 communicates with the sealed bag 1 through a filter 5, and the other end communicates with the collection storage container 3. The collection storage container 3, the long plastic tube 2 and the sealed bag 1 together form a complete simulated airway.

The air bag teaching model provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention also includes a tracheal intubation tube 4 with subglottic suction. The outlet end of the air pipe 41 is inserted into the long plastic pipe 2 through the collection storage container 3 and extends to the filter 5 close to the bottom of the long plastic pipe 2 , and the contact portion between the main air pipe 41 and the collection storage container 3 is sealed. The air bag 42 is arranged on the outer wall of the leading air tube 41 close to the outlet end of the leading air tube 41, and the air bag 42 can block the long plastic tube 2 to prevent air leakage after the air bag 42 is inflated. The airbag inflation tube 43 communicates with the airbag 42 and is used to inflate and deflate the airbag 42 . The inlet end of the subglottic suction tube 44 is located outside the long plastic tube 2 , and its outlet end is located inside the long plastic tube 2 and does not exceed the air bag 42 , which is used to inject retentate simulation liquid into the long plastic tube 2 and above the air bag 42 . The filter 5 has strong water absorption and can prevent the simulated liquid from entering the sealed bag 1 and causing pollution.

In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned endotracheal tube 4 can choose 7.5# specification.

In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned simulated liquid may be a diluted melanin solution, and its composition may be 1 ml of melanin for every 9 ml of normal saline.

In a preferred embodiment, the airbag teaching model can also include a model head 7 and a bracket 8 made of transparent plastic, and the model head 7 is used to fix and is composed of a collection storage container 3, a long plastic tube 2 and a sealed bag 1. The simulated airway, the bracket 8 is used to support the model head 7.

Example 2: Use of filters

The filter 5 of this embodiment can be a removable disposable filter, and the filter 5 will change color after encountering the simulated liquid. When clinical medical personnel are not proficient in using a simple respirator to assist ventilation, thereby generating a shock flow to remove the entrapment above the air bag, due to improper operation, the entrapment may flow through the air bag 42 and flow into the filter 5, so that the filter 5 Discoloration, which can indicate that clinical medical personnel are not proficient in this technology and need to strengthen practice. When the filter 5 changes color, it can no longer be used. At this time, it is only necessary to directly replace the filter 5, and the next time the impact airflow generated by the simple respirator assisted ventilation can be used to remove the residual matter on the air bag. Repeated cycle use of the airbag teaching model.

Example 3: Retentate collection device

As shown in Figure 2, the air bag teaching model provided by this embodiment can also include a stagnation collection device connected with the collection storage container 3, the stagnation collection device can be a drainage tube 6, and collect the bottom of the storage container 3 A drainage port 31 is also provided, and the drainage tube 6 communicates with the collection storage container 3 through the drainage port 31 , and the drainage tube 6 is used to collect the simulated liquid that has been successfully impacted into the collection storage container 3 . At the same time, a scale is provided on the wall of the drainage tube 6, which can measure the volume of the simulated liquid drained out, and the proficiency of the clinical medical staff on the operation skill of clearing the air bag can be tested by measuring the amount of the retained substance cleared out. The bottom of the drainage tube 6 is also provided with an openable small cap 61, unscrew the small cap 61 to discharge the simulated liquid in the drainage tube 6, which will not affect the next training of using the impact airflow generated by the simple respirator-assisted ventilation to remove the residual matter on the air bag carried out.

Embodiment 4: Using the air bag teaching model of Embodiments 1 to 3 for teaching demonstration

The air bag clearing teaching model of the present invention is used to train clinical medical personnel to be familiar with and master the method of using simple respirators to assist patients in ventilation, and to use the generated impact airflow to clear the retentate above the air bag, so as to give patients more standardized airway protection and reduce the risk of VAP. risk. The method of using the air bag teaching model includes the following steps:

1) Connect the sealed bag 1, the filter 5, the long plastic tube 2 and the collection storage container 3 in sequence to form a complete simulated airway. The tracheal intubation tube 4 is inserted into the simulated airway through the top opening of the simulated oral cavity and throat, that is, the collection storage container 3. The outlet end of the trachea 41 is close to the filter 5 at the bottom of the long plastic tube 2, and the air bag 42 is inflated through the air bag inflation tube 43, thereby simulating the situation that the endotracheal tube 4 is inserted into the patient's airway.

2) Inject simulated liquid into the long plastic tube 2 and above the air bag 42 through the subglottic suction tube 44 to simulate secretions in the respiratory tract. Since the air bag 42 is inflated, the simulated liquid stays above the air bag 42 to form a retentate.

3) The medical personnel use a simple respirator to assist in simulating airway ventilation. At the end of inhalation and the beginning of exhalation, the simple respirator is forced to squeeze the simple respirator to generate a high-velocity impact airflow. At the same time, the airbag 42 is deflated through the airbag inflation tube 43. 42 inflation; at this time, the simulation liquid above the air bag 42 is impacted into the collection storage container 3 by the impact air flow, because the contact portion of the collection storage container 3 and the main air duct 41 is sealed, it can prevent the simulation liquid from leaking from the collection storage container 3.

4) If the operation method is correct, the simulated liquid remaining above the airbag 42 will be successfully impacted into the collection storage container 3, and flow into the drainage tube 6 through the drainage hole, and the simulated liquid drained out can be measured through the scale on the drainage tube 6 Volume, by measuring the amount of retentate cleared out to test the proficiency of clinical medical staff on this operation skill; at this time, drain the simulated liquid in the drainage tube 6, and continue to the next step. If the operation method is incorrect, the simulated liquid will not be impacted into the collection storage container 3, and the airbag 42 will be inflated too late, and the simulated liquid will flow into the filter 5 at the outlet end of the leading air tube 41, causing the filter 5 to change color, prompting clinical medical attention Personnel are not proficient in this technique and need to practice more; at this time, dismantle and replace the discolored filter 5, discharge the simulated liquid in the drainage tube 6, and continue to the next step.

5) Repeat step 2) to step 4) for the next training on the method of clearing the entrapment on the airbag by using the impact airflow generated by the assisted ventilation of the simple respirator; Airway protection, effectively reducing the risk of VAP.

Above-mentioned each embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection mode etc. all can be changed to some extent, every equivalent conversion and improvement carried out on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, all should not be excluded from the present invention. outside the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A teaching model for clearing air sacs, characterized in that the model includes a lung simulation part, a trachea simulation part, an oropharynx simulation part, a tracheal intubation and a filter for subglottis suction; the oropharynx simulation part , the trachea simulation part, the filter and the lung simulation part are connected in turn to form a simulated airway; The endotracheal intubation tube includes a leading trachea, a balloon, a balloon inflation tube, and a subglottic suction tube. The filter; the airbag is arranged on the outer wall of the main airway close to the outlet end of the main airway, and blocks the simulated part of the airway after inflation; the airbag inflation tube is connected with the airbag for giving The air bag is inflated and deflated; the inlet end of the subglottic suction tube is located outside the trachea simulation part, but the outlet end is located in the trachea simulation part and does not exceed the air bag; the subglottic suction tube is used to The retentate simulation liquid is injected into the trachea simulation part and above the air bag, and the filter is used to prevent the simulation liquid from directly flowing into the lung simulation part and causing pollution. 2. A teaching model for clearing the air bag according to claim 1, wherein the lung simulation part is a sealed bag, the trachea simulation part is a long plastic tube, and the oropharynx simulation part is a collection storage container, One end of the long plastic tube communicates with the sealed bag through the filter, and the other end communicates with the collection storage container. 3. A teaching model for clearing the air bag according to claim 1, further comprising a retentate collection device, the retentate collection device is a drainage tube, and a bottom of the oropharynx simulation part is also provided with a Drainage port, the drainage tube communicates with the oropharynx simulation part through the drainage port, and the drainage tube is used to collect the simulated liquid flushed into the oropharynx simulation part; A scale is provided to measure the volume of the simulated liquid drained out; a small cap that can be opened is provided at the bottom of the drainage tube, and the simulated liquid in the drainage tube can be discharged by unscrewing the small cap. 4. A teaching model for clearing the air bag according to claim 2, further comprising a retentate collection device, the retentate collection device is a drainage tube, and a bottom of the oropharynx simulation part is also provided with a Drainage port, the drainage tube communicates with the oropharynx simulation part through the drainage port, and the drainage tube is used to collect the simulated liquid flushed into the oropharynx simulation part; A scale is provided to measure the volume of the simulated liquid drained out; a small cap that can be opened is provided at the bottom of the drainage tube, and the simulated liquid in the drainage tube can be discharged by unscrewing the small cap. 5. A kind of teaching model for clearing the air bag as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the filter is a disposable article, which has water absorption and changes color after encountering the simulated liquid, and Replace the filter with a new one after the filter is discolored. 6. A teaching model for clearing the air bag according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the simulated liquid is diluted methylene blue solution. 7. A kind of air clearing bag teaching model as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that, described air clearing bag teaching model also comprises model head and support, and described model head is used for fixing described simulated airway , the bracket is used to support the model head. 8. A kind of clearing air bag teaching model as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described air clearing bag teaching model also comprises model head and support, and described model head is used for fixing described simulated airway, and described support is used for Support the model head. 9. A kind of clearing air bag teaching model as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described air clearing bag teaching model also comprises model head and support, and described model head is used for fixing described simulated airway, and described support is used for Support the model head. 10. A method for using the air bag teaching model according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: 1) Connect the oropharynx simulation part, the trachea simulation part, the filter and the lung simulation part in sequence to form a simulated airway, the endotracheal intubation tube is inserted into the simulated airway from the oropharynx simulation part, and the outlet end of the main trachea is close to the filter at the bottom of the trachea simulation part , the air bag is inflated through the air bag inflation tube, thereby simulating the situation that the endotracheal tube is inserted into the patient's airway; 2) Inject simulated liquid into the simulated part of the trachea and above the air bag through the subglottic suction tube to simulate secretions in the respiratory tract. Since the air bag is inflated, the simulated liquid stays above the air bag and becomes a stagnant substance; 3) Use a simple respirator to assist simulated airway ventilation, squeeze the simple respirator at the end of inhalation and the beginning of exhalation to generate a high-velocity impact airflow, and at the same time deflate the airbag through the airbag inflation tube, and inflate the airbag at the end of air delivery; at this time , the simulated liquid staying above the airbag is impacted by the impact airflow into the simulated part of the inlet pharynx; 4) If the operation method is correct, the simulated liquid remaining above the airbag will be successfully impacted into the oropharynx simulation part, and flow into the drainage tube through the drainage hole. To test the proficiency of clinical medical staff on this operation skill; at this time, drain the simulated liquid in the drainage tube and continue to the next step; if the operation method is incorrect, the simulated liquid cannot be impacted into the oropharyngeal simulation If the air bag is inflated too late, the simulated liquid will flow into the filter at the outlet of the leading trachea, causing the filter to change color, suggesting that clinical medical staff are not proficient in this technique and need to practice more. At this time, remove the discolored filter , discharge the simulated liquid in the drainage tube, and continue to the next step; 5) Repeat step 2) to step 4) for the next training on the method of removing the entrapment on the airbag by using the impact airflow generated by the assisted ventilation of the simple respirator until the clinical medical personnel are familiar with and master the operation.