CN105202438A - Vehicle Lighting System With Photoluminescent Structure - Google Patents
Vehicle Lighting System With Photoluminescent Structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105202438A CN105202438A CN201510316204.0A CN201510316204A CN105202438A CN 105202438 A CN105202438 A CN 105202438A CN 201510316204 A CN201510316204 A CN 201510316204A CN 105202438 A CN105202438 A CN 105202438A
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- luminescence generated
- led
- outer lens
- vehicle reading
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/70—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by the purpose
- B60Q3/76—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by the purpose for spotlighting, e.g. reading lamps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
- B60Q3/68—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using ultraviolet light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q2500/00—Special features or arrangements of vehicle interior lamps
- B60Q2500/30—Arrangements for illuminating different zones in the vehicle, e.g. front/rear, different seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2106/00—Interior vehicle lighting devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2107/00—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
- F21W2107/10—Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Abstract
A vehicle lighting system is provided and includes a vehicle fixture, an excitation source for emitting at least one inputted electromagnetic radiation, and a photoluminescent structure coupled to the vehicle fixture. The photoluminescent structure includes an energy conversion layer having at least one photoluminescent material formulated to convert the at least one inputted electromagnetic radiation into at least one outputted electromagnetic radiation.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application is the exercise question submitted on January 16th, 2014 be the U. S. application number of " the top lighting system with luminescence generated by light structure " is 14/156, the part continuation application of 869, U. S. application number is 14/156, the application of 869 U. S. application number that to be the exercise questions submitted on November 21st, 2013 be " Vehicular illumination system with luminescence generated by light structure " is 14/086, the part continuation application of 442, is incorporated into this by their full content by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to Vehicular illumination system, and relates more specifically to the Vehicular illumination system using luminescence generated by light structure.
Background technology
The illumination caused by luminescence generated by light structure provides uniqueness and attracting visual experience.Therefore, in Vehicular illumination system, comprising this luminescence generated by light structure to provide surrounding environment and operating illumination is expect.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of vehicle reading lamp is provided.This vehicle reading lamp comprises outer lens and is positioned at first surface and the second surface at outer lens rear.First luminescence generated by light structure couples to first surface and the second luminescence generated by light structure couples to second surface.Comprise for encouraging the first light source of the first luminescence generated by light structure and comprising the secondary light source for encouraging the second luminescence generated by light structure.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of vehicle reading lamp is provided.This vehicle reading lamp comprises outer lens and is positioned at first surface and the second surface at outer lens rear.The the first luminescence generated by light structure couples comprising emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material to first surface and the second luminescence generated by light structure couples comprising green emitting embedded photoluminescent material to second surface.Comprise the LED for exciting red light emitting photo-luminescent material and the 2nd LED that comprises for encouraging green emitting embedded photoluminescent material.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of vehicle reading lamp is provided.This vehicle reading lamp comprises outer lens and at least one is positioned at the surface at outer lens rear.At least one luminescence generated by light structure couples at least one surface, and comprises at least one light source at least one luminescence generated by light arrangement projects light.The light of projection is changed into the visible output light launched to outer lens of color by least one luminescence generated by light structure.
Those skilled in the art is by being appreciated that the study of following description, claim and accompanying drawing and understanding these and other aspect, target and characteristic of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view in the front-seat passenger cabin of the motor vehicles with various light fixture;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view in the back-seat passengers cabin of the motor vehicles with various light fixture;
Fig. 3 A describes the luminescence generated by light structure being rendered as coating;
Fig. 3 B describes the luminescence generated by light structure being rendered as discrete particle;
Fig. 3 C describes and is rendered as discrete particle and the multiple luminescence generated by light structures being incorporated to independent structure;
The Vehicular illumination system of light formula configuration before Fig. 4 describes and uses;
Fig. 5 describes the Vehicular illumination system using backlight type configuration;
Fig. 6 describes the control system of Vehicular illumination system;
Fig. 7 describes the backlight type assembly arranged in the central control board of motor vehicles;
Fig. 8 describes the cross section view of the backlight type interactive component of the line VIII-VIII along Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 describes the schematic diagram of top lighting system;
Figure 10 describes the front stall vehicle's passenger compartment with at least one luminescence generated by light reading lamp according to an embodiment;
Figure 11 describes the side view of the reading lamp according to an embodiment;
Figure 12 is the upward view of the reading lamp of Figure 11;
Figure 13 describes the Vehicular illumination system that have employed the luminescence generated by light structure being couple to sunshading board according to an embodiment;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the Vehicular illumination system shown in Figure 13, and wherein sunshading board is positioned at use location; And
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of the Vehicular illumination system shown in Figure 13, and wherein sunshading board is positioned at memory location.
Detailed description of the invention
As required, specific embodiment of the present invention is disclosed at this.But should be understood that, embodiment disclosed by the invention is only exemplary, it can be embodied in form that is different and that substitute.Accompanying drawing is specific design not necessarily, and in order to present functional overview, some figure can be exaggerated and reduce.Therefore, specific 26S Proteasome Structure and Function details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as restriction, but as just for instructing, those skilled in the art are many-sided uses representative basis of the present invention.
Term "and/or" as used when being used in a series of two or more project at this means any combination that can be used alone any one Listed Items, maybe can use two or more Listed Items.Such as, if composition is described to comprise components A, B and/or C, composition can comprise the combination of independent A, independent B, the combination of independent C, A and B, the combination of A and C, the combination of B and C or A, B and C.
Followingly openly describe a kind of Vehicular illumination system, vehicle anchor receives the luminescence generated by light structure being used for initial transmission being converted to the Secondary Emission usually with new color within the system.In the disclosure, vehicle anchor refers to any inside or the exterior part of vehicle arrangement, or its part, and it is suitable for receiving luminescence generated by light structure described here.Although the embodiment of Vehicular illumination system described here mainly uses for motor vehicles, but it is intended that, Vehicular illumination system also can the design of other types in order to transport one or more passenger the vehicles in implement, such as but not limited to ship, train and aircraft.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, generally illustrate the passenger compartment 10 of motor vehicles, it has the various exemplary vehicle anchor 12a-12g of the front and rear being positioned at car main cabin 10.Fixture 12a-12g usually corresponds respectively to inside roof lining, car mat, vehicle door interior trim panel and comprises the various piece of seat of seat base, backrest, headrest and backrest.In order to illustrate, be not restriction, each fixture 12a-12g can receive luminescence generated by light structure at the selected region 14a-14f of each fixture 12a-12f, is below described further.About Vehicular illumination system described here, it is intended that selected region 12a-12f is not limited to any specific shape or size, and can comprise the partial fixing device with plane and/or non-planar configuration.Although exemplary provides some fixture 12a-12g, it is intended that other fixtures can be used according to Vehicular illumination system described here.This fixture can comprise instrument board and the parts on it, interaction means (as button, switch, dial and the like), indicating equipment (as speedometer, revolution counter etc.), printing surface, comprise external fixation device in addition, such as but not limited to entering button, badge, side mark, license plate lamp, baggage compartment lamp, headlight and taillight without key.
With reference to figure 3A-3C, the luminescence generated by light structure 16 be usually rendered as respectively can be applied to vehicle anchor coating (as film), can implanted vehicle anchor discrete particle and be contained in multiple discrete particles that can be applied in the independent structure of vehicle anchor.In most basic horizontal, luminescence generated by light structure 16 comprises energy conversion layer 18, and it can be provided as single or multiple lift structure, as in figures 3 a and 3b by a dotted line shown in.Energy conversion layer 18 can comprise one or more to be had to select from phosphorescence or fluorescent material and construct and totally has longer wavelength and the embedded photoluminescent material representing the energy conversion component of the output electromagnetic radiation not being the distinctive color of input electromagnetic radiation in order to input electromagnetic radiation to be converted to.The difference of the wavelength between input and output electromagnetic radiation is called as Stokes shift (Stokesshift) and is used as the main driving mechanism of above-mentioned conversion process of energy (being usually called as frequency reducing conversion (downconversion)).
Embedded photoluminescent material can be dispersed in polymeric matrix to form homogeneous mixture to prepare by using multiple method by energy conversion layer 18.This method can comprise prepares energy conversion layer 18 and in plane energy conversion layer 18 being coated onto the expectation of vehicle anchor and/or non-planar substrate from the preparation liquid carrier medium.Energy conversion layer 18 coating can be deposited on selected vehicle anchor by tint (painting), serigraphy, spraying, slit coating (slotcoating), dip coating (dipcoating), cylinder coating (rollercoating) and coating coating (barcoating).Alternatively, energy conversion layer 18 can by not using the method for liquid carrier medium to prepare.Such as, the solid solution (homogeneous mixture in drying regime) of one or more embedded photoluminescent materials in polymeric matrix can by extruding, injection mo(u)lding, compression forming, calendering formation and thermoforming be converted into energy conversion layer 18.Be rendered as in the example of particle at one or more energy conversion layer 18, the energy conversion layer 18 of single or multiple lift can be implanted in selected vehicle anchor, instead of should use it as coating.When energy conversion layer 18 comprises multi-layer preparation, every layer can be applied sequentially, maybe can prepare each layer respectively and afterwards lamination or embossing together to form overall layer.Alternatively, can each layer of co-extrusion to make overall multilayer Conversion of Energy structure.
Referring back to Fig. 3 A and 3B, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can comprise at least one stabilized zone 20 alternatively and be contained in embedded photoluminescent material in energy conversion layer 18 not by photodissociation and thermal degradation with protection package, to provide the lasting transmitting exporting electromagnetic radiation.Stabilized zone 20 can be configured to independent layer and optics is couple to and adheres to energy conversion layer 18 or is otherwise combined with energy conversion layer 18, and prerequisite have selected suitable polymeric matrix.Luminescence generated by light structure 16 also can comprise optics alternatively and be couple to and adhere to the protective layer 22 of stabilized zone 20 or other layer to protect luminescence generated by light structure 16 by damaging from the physics and chemistry caused by environmental exposure.
Stabilized zone 20 and/or protective layer 22 can be combined with by every layer apply along continuous or print or to be pressed by suitable subsequent layers or embossing forms the luminescence generated by light structure 16 of entirety with energy conversion layer 18.Alternatively, some layers can by combining along continuous coating, lamination or embossing to form minor structure, the minor structure of needs then lamination or embossing together to form the luminescence generated by light structure 16 of entirety.Once be formed, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can be applied to selected vehicle anchor.Alternatively, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can be merged in selected vehicle anchor as the particle of one or more discrete multilayer.As selection, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can be provided as and is dispersed in one or more discrete multilayer particle in polymer formulations, and it is applied in selected vehicle anchor as adjacent structure subsequently.About the additional information of the structure of luminescence generated by light structure is 8 at U.S. Patent number, 232,533, autograph is for disclosing in " for high-efficiency electromagnetic power conversion and the photodissociation of lasting Secondary Emission and the sandwich construction of ambient stable ", comprises its whole disclosure by reference at this.
With reference to Figure 4 and 5, generally illustrate the Vehicular illumination system 24 according to front smooth formula configuration (Fig. 4) and backlight type configuration (Fig. 5).In two kinds of configurations, Vehicular illumination system 24 comprises and is rendered as coating and the luminescence generated by light structure 16 being applied to the substrate 40 of vehicle anchor 42.Luminescence generated by light structure 16 comprises energy conversion layer 18 and comprises stabilized zone 20 and/or protective layer 22 alternatively, as described above.Energy conversion layer 18 comprises the emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material X be dispersed in polymeric matrix 44
1, green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2with blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3.Select red, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2and X
3because the difference mixing of ruddiness, green glow and blue light can copy shades of colour sensation.Describe further as following, driving source 26 is operationally with the various redness of various shooting on group, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2and X
3to produce the light of different colours, it allows from luminescence generated by light structure 16 loss to provide surrounding environment or operating illumination.
Driving source 26 shows external position for being in relative photoluminescence structure 16 generally and can operate to launch the initial transmission with the second input electromagnetic radiation that the first input electromagnetic radiation, the directional arrow 30 that are represented by directional arrow 28 represent and/or the light content that the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation that directional arrow 32 represents defines.In initial transmission, the excited state being configured for and exporting the corresponding light emitting diode (LED) of light at unique peak wavelength is depended in the contribution of each input electromagnetic radiation 28,30,32.In two kinds of configurations, from blue led 34 from the selected peak wavelength λ of blue color spectrum color gamut (it is defined herein as the wave-length coverage being totally expressed as blue light (~ 450-495 nanometer))
1launch the first input electromagnetic radiation 28.From blue led 36 at the same peak wavelength λ selected from blue color spectrum color gamut
2launch the second input electromagnetic radiation 30 and from blue led 38 further from the peak wavelength λ that blue color spectrum color gamut is selected
3launch the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation 32.
Due to peak wavelength λ
1, λ
2and λ
3there is different length, the respective primary responsibility of blue led 34,36 and 38 be excitated red, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3one of.Particularly, blue led 34 primary responsibility excitated red light emitting photo-luminescent material X
1, blue led 36 primary responsibility excites green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2, and blue led 38 primary responsibility excitated blue light emitting photo-luminescent material X
3.In order to more efficient power conversion, selected emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material X
1the relevant peak wavelength λ of electromagnetic radiation 28 is inputted to first for having to correspond to
1peak absorbtivity wavelength.When energized, emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material X
1first input electromagnetic radiation 28 is converted to and represents with directional arrow 46 and there is the peak emission wavelength E of the wavelength comprising red spectrum color gamut (being defined as the wave-length coverage being totally expressed as ruddiness (~ 620-750 nanometer) at this)
1first export electromagnetic radiation.Similarly, selected green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2for having the peak wavelength λ corresponding to the second input electromagnetic radiation 30
2peak absorbtivity wavelength.When energized, green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2second electromagnetic radiation 30 is converted to and represents with directional arrow 48 and there is the peak emission wavelength E of the wavelength comprising green spectral color gamut (being defined as the wave-length coverage being totally expressed as green glow (~ 526-606 nanometer) at this)
2second export electromagnetic radiation.Finally, selected blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3for having the peak wavelength λ corresponding to the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation 32
3peak absorbtivity wavelength.When energized, blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
33rd input electromagnetic radiation 32 is converted to and represents with directional arrow 50 and there is the peak emission wavelength E of the longer wavelength comprising blue color spectrum color gamut
3the 3rd export electromagnetic radiation.
Consider the relative arrowband of blue color spectrum color gamut, will be appreciated that, at red, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3absorption spectrum between can there are some spectra overlappings.This can cause more than a kind of red, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3accident excite, although only have one of blue led 34,36,38 to be active, thus produce beyond thought blend of colors.Therefore, if want larger color separated, to minimize any spectra overlapping between them, redness, green and the blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X with narrow-band absorption spectrum should be selected
1, X
2, X
3, and should separated peaks wavelength X
1, λ
2and λ
3to make redness, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3peak absorbtivity wavelength between can be enough separation.In this way, according to excitated red, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3any, the Secondary Emission with more predictable smooth content can be produced.Secondary Emission can represent the multiple color in typical RGB (RGB) color space, comprises the color of mainly red, green, blue or their any combination.Such as, when blue led 34,36,38 is simultaneously activated, Secondary Emission can comprise the light mixture of the additional red, green and blue light being usually regarded as white light.Can by activate any combination blue led 34,36 and 38 and/or by Current Control, pulse width modulation (PWM) or the change of other means and blue led 34,36,38 relevant output intensities produce color perception in other RGB color spaces.
About Vehicular illumination system 24 disclosed herein, select blue led 34,36 and 38 is attributed to it when being used in car lighting application with utilization relative cost income as driving source 26.Use blue led 34,36 38 another advantage be the relative low visibility of blue light, it must carry out can causing lower dispersion attention to driver and other occupants in the example transmitted in place in sight before arrival luminescence generated by light structure 16 at initial transmission in one's power.But, it is to be appreciated that Vehicular illumination system 24 can also use other lighting apparatus and daylight and/or surround lighting to realize.In addition, consider the scope of the vehicle anchor that can receive luminescence generated by light structure 16, it is intended that the position of driving source 26 can according to the composition physical alterations of particular vehicle fixture and can in the outside or inside of luminescence generated by light structure 16 and/or vehicle anchor.Should understand further, driving source 26 can directly or indirectly provide initial transmission to luminescence generated by light structure 16.In other words, driving source 26 can be located so that initial transmission is propagated towards luminescence generated by light structure 16 or located so that initial transmission is by photoconductive tube, optics or like thisly distribute to luminescence generated by light structure 16.
Consider the extensive selection of available energy conversion component, many-sidedly can apply each redness of foregoing description, green and blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2, X
3the conversion process of energy used.According to a kind of embodiment, conversion process of energy is occurred by the single absorption/transmit events driven by an energy conversion component.Such as, emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material X
1can comprise the phosphor presenting large Stokes shift, it absorbs the first input electromagnetic radiation 28 and launches first subsequently and exports electromagnetic radiation 46.Similarly, green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2also can comprise the phosphor presenting large Stokes shift, it absorbs the second input electromagnetic radiation 30 and launches second and exports electromagnetic radiation.Use phosphor or other benefits presenting the energy conversion component of large Stokes shift to be and can export between electromagnetic radiation and realize larger color separated in input electromagnetic radiation, this be due to corresponding Absorption and emission spectra between spectra overlapping reduce.Similarly, by presenting single Stokes shift, absorption and/or the emission spectrum of the absorption of given embedded photoluminescent material and/or emission spectrum and another embedded photoluminescent material unlikely have spectra overlapping, thus provide larger color separated between selected embedded photoluminescent material.
According to another kind of embodiment, conversion process of energy is occurred by the energy cascade (energycascade) of the absorption/transmit events driven by multiple energy conversion components with relatively short Stokes shift.Such as, emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material X
1can fluorescent dye be comprised, to launch so as to absorbing some or all first input electromagnetic radiation 28 there is longer wavelength and not be the first middle electromagnetic radiation of the distinctive color of the first input electromagnetic radiation 28.Then, second time absorbs the first middle electromagnetic radiation and has longer wavelength to launch and be not the second middle electromagnetic radiation of the distinctive color of the first middle electromagnetic radiation.The second middle electromagnetic radiation can be changed further with the additional-energy conversion element presenting suitable Stokes shift until obtain expect export the relevant peak emission wavelength E of electromagnetic radiation 46 to first
1.For green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
2also same conversion process of energy can be observed.Although the conversion process of energy implementing energy cascade can produce wide chromatogram, due to the larger possibility of the spectra overlapping between relevant Absorption and emission spectra, the quantity of the Stokes shift of increase can cause the frequency reducing of poor efficiency to be changed.In addition, if want larger color separated, should additional consideration be applied and have minimum overlapping so that the absorption of embedded photoluminescent material and/or emission spectrum and another kind also implement the absorption of the embedded photoluminescent material of energy cascade and/or some other conversion process of energy and/or emission spectrum.
About blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3, because input electromagnetic radiation 32 all tends to have relative close peak wavelength with output electromagnetic radiation 50 in blue color spectrum color gamut, the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation 32 may be dispensable by the continuous conversion of energy cascade.Therefore, blue light electroluminescent material X
3the energy conversion component presenting little Stokes shift can be comprised.If want larger color separated, should select and have and red and green emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
1, X
2absorption spectrum there is the blue light electroluminescent material X of the emission spectrum of minimum spectra overlapping
3.Alternatively, ultraviolet LED can replace blue led 38 to allow to use the energy conversion component that presents larger Stokes shift and for the blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X in blue spectrum color gamut
3emission spectrum more elastic space chance is provided.For front smooth formula configuration, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can comprise alternatively be configured for reflection from blue led 38 launch the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation 32 replace perform to its power conversion to represent the narrowband reflection material of blue light, which obviate comprising blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3demand.Alternatively, above-mentioned reflecting material can be configured for the first and second input electromagnetic radiation 28,30 of the selected quantity of reflection to represent blue light, thus avoids comprising blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3with the demand of blue led 38.For backlight type configuration, blue light can represent only by the 3rd input electromagnetic radiation 32 relied on through some quantity of luminescence generated by light structure 16 alternatively, wherein eliminates blue-light-emitting embedded photoluminescent material X
3.
Because many energy conversion components are lambertian emitter (Lambertianemitter), the Secondary Emission of generation can be propagated in all directions, comprises the direction pointed to away from the output surface 52 of the expectation of luminescence generated by light structure 16.Therefore, some or all Secondary Emission can be caught (total internal reflection) by corresponding structure (as vehicle anchor) or absorb, thus reduce the brightness of luminescence generated by light structure 16.In order to minimize above-mentioned phenomenon, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can comprise at least one structure alternatively and change direction (as reflection) for the wavelength selectivity layer 54 towards output surface 52 (it is also equivalent to the input surface 56 configured about light formula before shown in Fig. 4) in order to make the Secondary Emission of abnormal propagation.In the example that input surface 56 is different with output surface 52, as configured overall shown by backlight type at Fig. 5, wavelength selectivity layer 54 should easily transmit any initial transmission and make the Secondary Emission of any abnormal propagation change direction is towards output surface 52.
In two kinds of configurations, wavelength selectivity layer 54 is between substrate 40 and energy conversion layer 18, so that making at least some change direction towards the Secondary Emission that substrate 40 is propagated is towards output surface 52, to maximize the output of the Secondary Emission from luminescence generated by light structure 16.In order to this object, wavelength selectivity layer 54 should at least by disseminate but do not inhale export to first, second, and third respectively electromagnetic radiation 46,48,50 relevant peak emission wavelength E
1, E
2, E
3material preparation.Wavelength selectivity layer 54 can be rendered as coating and use some methods described before or other method optics be applicable to are couple to energy conversion layer 18 and adhere to energy conversion layer 18 and substrate 40.
With reference to figure 6, driving source 26 can be conductively coupled to processor 60, and processor 60 is provided power to driving source 26 by power supply 62 (as vehicle power) and controlled the strength level of the mode of operation of driving source and/or the initial transmission of driving source 26.Control instruction to processor 60 can automatically perform from the program stored in memory.Additionally or alternatively, control instruction can be provided from vehicle arrangement or system by least one input 64.Additionally or alternatively, control instruction can be provided to processor 60 by any traditional user's input mechanism 66 (but be such as not limited to button, switch, touch-screen or like this).Although figure 6 illustrates the processor 60 being electrically coupled to a driving source 26, it is intended that processor 60 also can be configured for the method quota external excitation source using any foregoing description.
Various Vehicular illumination system will more specifically be described now.As described below, each system utilizes one or more luminescence generated by light structure and vehicle anchor to combine thus provides the visual experience of enhancing for Vehicular occupant.
Backlight type assembly
With reference to figure 7 and 8, backlight type assembly 67 be usually illustrated as and before this is described as being included in reference to figure 5 describe backlight type configuration in Vehicular illumination system 24 and any optional configuration related to this can be used.As shown in Figure 7, exemplarily, backlight type assembly 67 is set to the central control board of the bearing assembly 68 (as trimmer (trimplate)) with one or more backlight type interactive components that supporting represents with Reference numeral 70a, 70b and 70c.In order to illustrate, backlight type interactive component 70a, 70b, 70c are rendered as button, knob and toggle switch respectively, and each can be configured to enables user mutual with one or more vehicle arrangement, such as audio system, atmosphere control system, navigation system etc.
With reference to figure 8, show the cross section view of backlight type interactive component 70 according to an embodiment.About illustrated embodiment, backlight type interactive component 70a extends through the opening of formation in bearing assembly 68 at least partly and can be arranged in any conventional way in backlight type assembly 67.Backlight type interactive component 70a can comprise the light conductive body with front side 78 and at least one sidewall 80, and can be formed by injection mo(u)lding or other methods be applicable to.Although backlight type interactive component 70 is rendered as button in fig. 8, it is intended that other embodiments are also possible, such as knob, toggle switch or like this.
According to the present embodiment, driving source 26 by locate to provide by directional arrow 84 represent with backlight form to the initial transmission of backlight type interactive component 70a.Initial transmission 84 can directly to provide or indirectly by photoconductive tube, optics or like thisly to provide from driving source 26, and can comprise one or more input electromagnetic radiation, and each have unique relevant peak wavelength and eachly to launch from corresponding LED.
Initial transmission 84 is provided to the front side 78 of backlight type interactive component 70a and transmits via it.Then, in luminescence generated by light structure 16, receive initial transmission 84, all initial transmission can be converted to the Secondary Emission comprising one or more output electromagnetic radiation by luminescence generated by light structure 16 substantially, and it is each has unique relevant peak emission wavelength.As selection, part initial transmission can be converted to Secondary Emission and as unconverted output electromagnetic radiation delivery remainder by luminescence generated by light structure 16.Under any circumstance, the one or more output electromagnetic radiation represented by arrow 86 entirety are left by the output surface 52 of luminescence generated by light structure 16 and are represented the color perception in RGB color space.
In order to strengthen the brightness of luminescence generated by light structure 16, provide wavelength selectivity layer 54 at this, changing direction for making any backscattered Secondary Emission 86 is towards output surface 52.Alternatively, opaque layer 88 is at least couple to luminescence generated by light structure 16 and defines opening 90, and opening 90 is the features of the mark that transmission Secondary Emission is passed through, thus illuminates mark.
Top lighting system
With reference to figure 9, show the schematic diagram for implementing the top lighting system 92 in vehicle 93.The Vehicular illumination system 24 of the front light formula configuration described with reference to figure 4 before top lighting system 92 comprises and any optional configuration related to this can be used.As shown in Figure 9, luminescence generated by light structure 16 be coupled to vehicle headliner 94 contiguously and multiple driving source 26a-26g each by located with towards luminescence generated by light structure 16 relevant range 96a-96g launch initial transmission.The initial transmission launched from any given driving source 26a-26g can comprise one or more input electromagnetic radiation, and it is each has unique relevant peak wavelength and eachly to launch from corresponding LED.As previously described, all initial transmission can be converted to the Secondary Emission comprising one or more output electromagnetic radiation by luminescence generated by light structure 16 substantially, and it is each has unique relevant peak emission wavelength.As selection, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can radiating portion initial transmission remainder is converted to Secondary Emission and reflects.In arbitrary configuration, luminescence generated by light structure 16 can comprise wavelength selectivity layer 54 alternatively, changes direction to strengthen the brightness of luminescence generated by light structure 16 for making any backscattered Secondary Emission.
In the illustrated embodiment in which, driving source 26a-26d is each is operationally coupled to relevant headrest 98a-98d and optical arrangement is the entirety illuminating luminescence generated by light structure 16 is the corresponding corner regions 96a-96d of circular pattern.The each optics of driving source 26e and 26f is couple to relevant b column 100e, 100f and each optical arrangement is the entirety illuminating luminescence generated by light structure 16 is corresponding lateral side regions 96e, the 96f of semicircle style.Finally, driving source 26g is operationally coupled to vehicle headliner 94 and optical arrangement is illuminate the overall corresponding central area 96 for circular pattern.As in fig .9 see, this overlap be arranged as between relevant range 96a-96g located adjacent one another provides chance, thus the whole area of the essence covering luminescence generated by light structure 16.Similarly, top lighting system 92 (as by processor 60) can be controlled to provide total or independent lighting experience by activating all or part driving source 26a-26g.In addition or as select, the color perception (being made up of the input electromagnetic radiation exporting electromagnetic radiation and/or reflection) that the use of multiple driving source 26a-26g makes any given relevant range 96a-96g of luminescence generated by light structure 16 produce in RGB color space becomes possibility, and it is identical or different with the color perception produced by any other relevant range 96a-96g.The light content of this initial transmission can launched from any active driving source 26a-26g by operation is realized.
Vehicle reading lamp
With reference to Figure 10, generally show the front stall vehicle's passenger compartment 102 of wheeled vehicle 104, it has at least one reading lamp 106 being assembled in overhead console 108.In the illustrated embodiment, overhead console 108 is assembled in the inner side of the inside roof lining of front stall vehicle's passenger compartment 102 and is positioned at the center of front stall vehicle's passenger compartment 102.As illustrated, two reading lamps 106 are assembled in overhead console 108, settle one to enter illumination for providing larger for the driver of vehicle 104, settle another to enter illumination for providing larger for the passenger of front stall passenger seat for automobile.Each reading lamp 106 has the outer lens that can see and can pass through switch---such as having the proximity switch of proximity transducer (such as capacitance type sensor), mechanically depressible finger-operated or other mode---starts, thus especially under the faint or dim situation of light, provides operating illumination.Although generally show two reading lamps 106 in Figure 10, it should be appreciated that and can assemble one or more reading lamp 106 in other positions of other positions of overhead console 108 or vehicle 104.
With reference to Figure 11 and 12, according to the reading lamp 106 that an embodiment shows.As the best in Figure 11 illustratively, reading lamp 106 comprises outer lens 110 and is positioned at first surface 112 and the second surface 114 at outer lens 110 rear.First luminescence generated by light structure 116 is couple to first surface 112 and the second luminescence generated by light structure 118 is couple to second surface 114.Be provided for excitation first luminescence generated by light structure 116 thus launch the first light source 120 of illuminating the first colourama of outer lens 110 and be provided for excitation second luminescence generated by light structure 118 thus launch illuminating the secondary light source 122 of the second colourama of outer lens 110.The outer lens 110 be illuminated can guide illumination thus in the output as map lamp or reading lamp.
Each first and second luminescence generated by light structure 116,118 is couple to corresponding first and second surfaces 112 and 114 by any suitable mode.First light source 120 can be couple to first surface 112 and secondary light source 122 can be couple to second surface 114.As the best in Figure 12 illustratively, each first and second light source 120,122 peripherally can be positioned at corresponding first and second surfaces 112,114.In addition, it is emitting led that each first and second light source 120,112 can be configured to side, so that the output light of the first light source 120 only projects the first luminescence generated by light structure 116 and the output light of secondary light source 122 only projects the second luminescence generated by light structure 118.In one embodiment, each in first and second light sources 120,122 is blue led or ultraviolet LED, and the first luminescence generated by light structure 116 comprises emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material and the second luminescence generated by light structure 118 comprises green emitting embedded photoluminescent material.
Still with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 11 and 12, the first and second surfaces 112,114 can be settled relative to one another and each orientation relative to outer lens 110 is acute angle.It is that lens 110 and the back-scattered light that second surface 114 can be configured to the second luminescence generated by light structure 118 is produced change direction for lens 110 toward the outside toward the outside that the back-scattered light that first surface 112 can be configured to make the first luminescence generated by light structure 116 to produce changes direction.According to the present embodiment, each in first and second surfaces 112,114 can be the surface of corresponding printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) 124,126, and it has the reflectance coating of such as white solder masks or the back-scattered light for making corresponding first and second luminescence generated by light structures 116,118 produce changes the conformal coating that direction is lens 110 toward the outside.
As Figure 11 and 12 further illustratively, reading lamp 106 also can comprise between first surface 112 and second surface 114 and the 3rd light source the 128, three surface be placed on the 3rd surface 130 can be corresponding PCB132 or other supporting structures.In addition, the 3rd light source 128 can be the LED (such as blue led) that orientation directly illuminates outer lens 110.When starting light source 120,122 and 128, utilize the output light of the first luminescence generated by light structure 116, second luminescence generated by light structure 118 and the 3rd light source 128 to illuminate outer lens 110 in this way simultaneously.In one embodiment, outer lens 110 is the light-radiating lens of the light scattering be configured to being received from first, second and/or the 3rd light source 120,122,128, so that the emergent light of outer lens 110 disperses more equably.In addition, PCB124,126,132 can be supported on and be couple in the housing 133 of outer lens 110.
In operation, the starting state of each light source 120,122,128 is controlled separately by processor (such as processor 60).One or more light source 120,122,128 can be started by this way, to launch the visible ray of different colours and the visible ray of this different colours can be observed by Vehicular occupant from outer lens 110.Such as, be emitting red light and green emitting structure and light source 128 respectively in the first and second luminescence generated by light structures 116,118 be in the embodiment of blue led, the light of the multiple color found in RGB color space can be produced.This can by selecting to open which light source 120,122,128 and be fed to the electricity at this place by pulse width modulation (PWM) or Direct Current Control adjustment and realized.It is conceivable that can automatically or by Vehicular occupant utilize user's input mechanism (such as user's input mechanism 66) to arrange wavelength or the color of the output light of outer lens 110.
Vehicle sun visor
With reference to figure 13-15, describe Vehicular illumination system 134 according to an embodiment.System 134 comprises sunshading board 136, and it has moveable visor body 138 between memory location (Figure 14) and use location (Figure 15).In the illustrated embodiment, sunshading board 136 is assembled into vehicle top cover structure 140 and generally in memory location and cap structure is adjacent and hang thus block sunlight and prevent Vehicular occupant dizzy thus along top cover in use location downwards.In addition, visor body 138 can comprise dressing glass 144 and other usually relevant to sunshading board annexes.
According to illustrated embodiment, luminescence generated by light structure 146 is couple to the surface 148 of visor body 138, and when visor body 138 moves to use location, surface 148 is generally in the face of Vehicular occupant 142.As the best in Figure 13 illustratively, luminescence generated by light structure 146 can be applied to surface 148 the space be not occupied in sizable part.But it should be appreciated that if needs, luminescence generated by light structure 146 can occupy the less part in surface 148.And, can shield light photoluminescence structure 146 multiple part thus display badge (insignia).
Still with reference to Figure 13-15, light source 150 is positioned at away from visor body 138.As shown in the figure, light source 150 can be couple to cap structure 140 and be oriented to the exciting light photoluminescence structure 146 when shadow shield main body 138 is in use location.In addition, light source 150 can submerge cap structure 140 thus remain from sight line hide and can be powered by power supply 151 (such as vehicle power).Utilize luminescence generated by light structure 146 and power supply 150 to allow that sunshading board 136 is configured to without the need to any electric assembly and electric wire as dressing lamp (vanitylight) together in this way, simpler and more cost-efficient design are provided thus.And due to the position of light source 150, the reflection that light source 150 is launched can not enter the gaze area of automotive occupant 142 away from the light of visor body.According to Vehicular illumination system 134 that is described herein and that illustrate, it should be understood that light source 150 and luminescence generated by light structure 146 can adopt any foregoing front light formula configuration.Namely, light source 150 can comprise one or more LED and luminescence generated by light structure 146 can comprise one or more structures in order to the light being received from corresponding LED to be converted into the embedded photoluminescent material of visible ray of different wave length.
As Figure 13-15 is shown further, Vehicular illumination system 134 can comprise response signal change and start proximity switch or the proximity transducer 152 of light source 150.Proximity transducer 152 can be magnetic, electric capacity, infrared etc. and their combination.Additionally or alternatively, light source 150 can be started by mechanical switch.
In the illustrated embodiment, proximity switch 152 be configured to detect visor body 138 memory location and when visor body 138 no longer being detected start light source 150.Proximity transducer 152 is depicted as the magnetic switch embedding cap structure 140, and this switch is started by the magnet 154 embedded in visor body 138.Magnet 154 can be positioned at one end of visor body 138 and be alignd with magnetic switch by magnet itself when visor body 138 is positioned at memory location.Magnet 154 applies magnetic field in that position to magnetic switch, causes a butt contact 156,158 to disconnect, light source 150 of stopping using thus.Alternatively, when visor body 138 moves to use location, magnetic field no longer exists, and contact point 156,158 gets back to closing position, makes light source 150 start thus and passes through to start light source 150 exciting light photoluminescence structure 146.
Correspondingly, there is provided herein luminescence generated by light structure and utilize the various Vehicular illumination systems of this structure.Each system advantageously have employed one or more luminescence generated by light structure thus strengthens the overall appearance of driving experience and/or vehicle anchor.
Should be understood that, when not departing from the present invention's design, can make changes and modifications said structure, and should be understood that further, these designs are intended to be covered by following claim, clearly state unless these claims are separately had by its word.
Claims (20)
1. a vehicle reading lamp, comprises:
Outer lens;
At first surface and the second surface at outer lens rear;
Be couple to the first luminescence generated by light structure of first surface and be couple to the second luminescence generated by light structure of second surface; And
Encourage the first light source of the first luminescence generated by light structure and the secondary light source of excitation the second luminescence generated by light structure.
2. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 1, wherein the first and second surfaces settle relative to one another and each relative to outer lens orientation for acute angle.
3. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 2, wherein first surface is configured to the back-scattered light that the first luminescence generated by light structure produced and changes direction for lens and second surface are configured to the second luminescence generated by light structure to produce toward the outside back-scattered light and change direction for lens toward the outside.
4. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 1, wherein the first luminescence generated by light structure comprises emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material and the second luminescence generated by light structure comprises green emitting embedded photoluminescent material.
5. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 4, one wherein in the luminous ultraviolet LED of each side lumiere blue LED naturally of the first and second light sources and side.
6. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 5, comprises the 3rd light source directly illuminating outer lens further, and wherein the 3rd light source is blue-light-emitting LED and between first surface and second surface.
7. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 6, wherein outer lens is configured to the light scattering by being received from the first luminescence generated by light structure, the second luminescence generated by light structure and the 3rd light source.
8. a vehicle reading lamp, comprises:
Outer lens;
At first surface and the second surface at outer lens rear;
Comprise emitting red light embedded photoluminescent material and be couple to the first luminescence generated by light structure of first surface;
Comprise green emitting embedded photoluminescent material and be couple to the second luminescence generated by light structure of second surface; And
One LED of exciting red light emitting photo-luminescent material and the 2nd LED of excitation green emitting embedded photoluminescent material.
9. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 8, wherein the first and second surfaces settle relative to one another and each relative to outer lens orientation for acute angle.
10. vehicle reading lamp according to claim 9, wherein first surface is configured to the light being received from the first luminescence generated by light structure be changed direction is that lens and second surface are configured to the light being received from the second luminescence generated by light structure to change direction for lens toward the outside toward the outside.
11. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 10, wherein a LED is one of luminous ultraviolet LED in side lumiere blue LED and side and is couple to first surface, and the 2nd LED is one of luminous ultraviolet LED in side lumiere blue LED and side and is couple to second surface.
12. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 11, comprise the 3rd LED directly illuminating outer lens further, and wherein the 3rd LED is blue-light-emitting LED and between first surface and second surface.
13. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 12, wherein outer lens is configured to the light scattering of the first luminescence generated by light structure, the second luminescence generated by light structure and the 3rd LED generation.
14. 1 kinds of vehicle reading lamps, comprise:
Outer lens;
Be positioned at least one surface at outer lens rear;
Be coupled at least one luminescence generated by light structure at least one surface; And
To at least one light source of at least one luminescence generated by light arrangement projects light, wherein the light of projection is changed into the visible color launched to outer lens and exports light by least one luminescence generated by light structure.
15. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 14, wherein at least one surface comprises and to settle relative to one another and each be the first and second surperficial of acute angle relative to outer lens orientation.
16. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 15, wherein at least one light source comprises the LED to first surface projection light and the 2nd LED to second surface projection light.
17. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 16, to comprise further between first surface and second surface and to be configured to directly illuminate the 3rd LED of outer lens.
18. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 17, wherein the first and second surfaces part of being respectively configured to that back-scattered light is changed naturally direction being the corresponding printed circuit board (PCB) of lens toward the outside.
19. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 18, wherein outer lens is light scattering mirror.
20. vehicle reading lamps according to claim 19, comprise the processor controlling each first, second, third LED light and export further.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/301,635 | 2014-06-11 | ||
| US14/301,635 US9499096B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2014-06-11 | Photoluminescent vehicle reading lamp |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105202438A true CN105202438A (en) | 2015-12-30 |
| CN105202438B CN105202438B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
Family
ID=54706920
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510316204.0A Expired - Fee Related CN105202438B (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2015-06-10 | Luminescence generated by light vehicle reading lamp |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105202438B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR102015013443A2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102015108868A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX352021B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2678328C2 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR201507164A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109070798A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Device and method for carrying out inner space illumination to the vehicles |
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- 2015-06-04 DE DE102015108868.1A patent/DE102015108868A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-06-09 BR BR102015013443A patent/BR102015013443A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-06-10 CN CN201510316204.0A patent/CN105202438B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-06-10 MX MX2015007331A patent/MX352021B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-06-10 RU RU2015122392A patent/RU2678328C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-06-11 TR TR2015/07164A patent/TR201507164A2/en unknown
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| US5709453A (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1998-01-20 | Krent; Edward D. | Vehicle lighting having remote light source |
| CN1427197A (en) * | 2001-12-16 | 2003-07-02 | 邱新萍 | Surface light source device |
| JP2007317476A (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2007-12-06 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Headlight |
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| CN109070798A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Device and method for carrying out inner space illumination to the vehicles |
| CN109070798B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-08-13 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Device and method for illuminating an interior of a vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2678328C2 (en) | 2019-01-28 |
| BR102015013443A2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
| MX2015007331A (en) | 2016-04-28 |
| RU2015122392A3 (en) | 2018-11-26 |
| DE102015108868A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
| MX352021B (en) | 2017-11-07 |
| RU2015122392A (en) | 2017-01-10 |
| TR201507164A2 (en) | 2015-12-21 |
| CN105202438B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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