CN105191606A - Method for controlling leaching loss of nitrogen in farmland by using biological nitrogen pump - Google Patents
Method for controlling leaching loss of nitrogen in farmland by using biological nitrogen pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191606A CN105191606A CN201510511644.1A CN201510511644A CN105191606A CN 105191606 A CN105191606 A CN 105191606A CN 201510511644 A CN201510511644 A CN 201510511644A CN 105191606 A CN105191606 A CN 105191606A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling the leaching loss of nitrogen in a farmland by using a biological nitrogen pump, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment protection. According to the invention, by using the different-layered distribution of plant root systems, plants with deep root systems and strong nitrogen biological accumulation capability are selected as nitrogen pump plants, and used for absorbing excessive nitrogen elements in deep soil; and the root systems of the nitrogen pump plants are restricted by using a root restricting device, so that a situation that the nitrogen pump plants and to-be-planted plants compete nitrogen elements in shallow soil is avoided, thereby ensuring the process of normal agricultural production, and avoiding the influence on the soil ecological environment caused by nitrogen elements. According to the method, the soil environment is improved, the pollution to the environment is alleviated, and facilitates the ecological protection of farmlands and the development of sustainable agriculture are facilitated, and the method is easy to operate and high in efficiency, and has a broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss, belong to agriculture environmental protection technical field.
Background technology
Along with human social economy and scientific and technological development, because population pressure increases, make the mankind increasing to agricultural product demand, thus increase the use of the input of agricultural production, particularly chemical fertilizer.Chemical fertilizer is well-known to the contribution of agricultural, and a key character of agricultural modernization uses chemical fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer is the maximum class fertilizer of whole world amount of application, according to statistics, from 50 years of 1949 to 1998, China's grain gross annual output amount and fertilizer nitrogen year amount of application be remarkable correlation.Experiment statistics proves, greatly can in controlling element in increases in grain production three such as fertilizer, seed and water, and the contribution rate of chemical fertilizer is to 32%.Since the seventies, China amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer increases very fast, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer has in recent years reached 2,489 ten thousand tons of purity nitrogens, occupies first of the world, accounts for world's nitrogenous fertilizer year amount of application more than 1/4, per season crop be on average about 120kgN hm
2, this is to have promoted the development of China agricultural production to play important effect.
Since nineteen eighty, the consumption of China's fertilizer nitrogen increases rapidly, and to 1998, the consumption of national fertilizer nitrogen reached 2233.5 ten thousand tons.But, (utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of some Vegetable Base In The Suburbs and prolific area is down to 10%-20%) at the bottom of the availability of nitrogen average about 35% (developed country is 50%-60%), loss, then up to more than 45%, this means about have the nitrogen of about 1,000,000 tons to be run off by different approach every year.
The annual loss soil of China reaches 5,000,000,000 tons, the nitrogen taken away is equivalent to the whole nation fertilizer application amount of a year, after chemical fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer is manured into soil, the 30%-40% only accounting for its sowing amount of utilization absorbed by crops, residue nitrogenous fertilizer is lost in environment through various approach, and the environment to surface water (river, lake, ocean etc.) and underground water (phreatic water is as well and deep phreatic water).
Chemical fertilizer is to the pollution master of agricultural product, the impact of ecological environment of soil is mainly reflected in: (1) causes soil acidification and hardens, spoiled soil structure, suppress soil microbial activities, cause Soil Nitrate pollution and soil secondary salinization (2) applied nitrogen to the pollution of water environment: to cause water body salt eutrophication, Nitrogen Leaching polluted underground water (3) applied nitrogen is on the impact of atmospheric environment: nitrogen volatilization atmosphere pollution, the discharge of NOx forms acid rain, damage the ozone layer, cause the pollution of greenhouse effect (4) excessive applied nitrogen on crop product and the impact of food chain: pollute crop product, affect crop quality, cause " environmental hormone " problem.
Therefore, how in the normal use procedure of guarantee agricultural, avoid again the impact of nitrogen on ecological environment of soil to be a technical problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss, root system of plant different levels are utilized to distribute, select dark root system, the strong plant of nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is as nitrogen pump plant, the nitrogen excessive to deep soil absorbs, simultaneously, utilize bundle root device more carefully fettering nitrogen pump plant, avoid at thin solum and treat that Plants grabs nitrogen, thus both ensured the normal use procedure of agricultural, avoid again nitrogen on the impact of ecological environment of soil, this method improves soil environment, decrease the pollution to environment, be conducive to ecological protection and the Developing Sustainable Agriculture in farmland, method is easy to operate, high efficiency, have broad application prospects.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
Utilize biological nitrogen pump to control a method for Total Nitrogen leaching loss, carry out according to step below:
The first step: treat Plants analysis, determines the Root Distribution degree of depth and width;
Second step: analyze soil, determines nitrogen content;
3rd step: determine nitrogen pump plant, according to the root characteristics of plant, in conjunction with to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, determines suitable nitrogen pump plant;
4th step: the plantation of nitrogen pump plant, is strapped in root device by the root of nitrogen pump plant, and wherein, the constraint degree of depth of bundle root device is identical with treating the main distributed depth of the root system of Plants, i.e. the degree of depth of plow layer 0-30cm;
5th step: by contrast plantation, determine planting effect.
As preferably, the root characteristics of plant is by measuring root system of plant length and beetroot yield and determining that the root dry mass of the system of taproot or the system of fibrous root obtains in the third step.
As preferably, in 3rd step, plant can by total nitrogen content in Kjeldahl nitrogen determination plant corpus with by mensuration phytomass of weighing to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, and namely the phytomass that total nitrogen content is multiplied by unit are obtains the bioaccumulation ability of plant to nitrogen:
If Plant Total Nitrogen content is N, unit g/kg, phytomass is B, units/kg/hm
2, nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is C=N*B, and unit is gN/hm
2.
As preferably, the bundle root device in the 4th step comprises the regular cube device of semi-transparent wall, enclosing wall, root system of plant passage, hand draw ring, upper opening composition; Cube height is 30cm, fills up in device after plantation nitrogen pump plant with soil.Semi-transparent wall both sides are adjacent with crops, and enclosing wall both sides connect between two.Semi-transparent cinclides footpath is 1mm, and the moisture in soil and nutrient can freely be come in and gone out, and root system of plant can not free penetrating.Root system of plant passage guides nitrogen pump root system of plant to grow downwards, access opening diameter 0.5cm, spacing 1cm.
As preferably, the regularly measure of turning over of employing avoids root system to grow to upper soll layer.
As preferably, by concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus data, the crop growth amount data of monitoring different depth in soil or underground water, method is revised.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes root system of plant different levels to distribute, select dark root system, the strong plant of nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is as nitrogen pump plant, the nitrogen excessive to deep soil absorbs, simultaneously, utilize bundle root device more carefully fettering nitrogen pump plant, avoid at thin solum and treat that Plants grabs nitrogen, thus both ensured the normal use procedure of agricultural, avoid again nitrogen on the impact of ecological environment of soil, this method improves soil environment, decrease the pollution to environment, be conducive to ecological protection and the Developing Sustainable Agriculture in farmland, method is easy to operate, high efficiency, have broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is bundle root apparatus structure schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1-enclosing wall, the semi-transparent wall of 2-, 3-upper opening, 4-root system of plant passage, 5-hand draw ring.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Specific embodiment 1
Utilize biological nitrogen pump to control a method for Total Nitrogen leaching loss, carry out according to step below:
The first step: analyze vetiver, determines the Root Distribution degree of depth and width;
Second step: analyze soil, determines nitrogen content;
3rd step: determine that vetiver is nitrogen pump plant: according to the root characteristics of vetiver, in conjunction with to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, determines suitable nitrogen pump plant;
4th step: the plantation of vetiver, is strapped in the root of vetiver in root device, and wherein, the constraint degree of depth of bundle root device is identical with treating the main distributed depth of the root system of Plants, i.e. the degree of depth of plow layer 0-30cm; Bundle root device in 4th step comprises the regular cube device of semi-transparent wall, enclosing wall, root system of plant passage, hand draw ring, upper opening composition; Cube height is 30cm, fills up in device after plantation nitrogen pump plant with soil.Semi-transparent wall both sides are adjacent with crops, and enclosing wall both sides connect between two.Semi-transparent cinclides footpath is 1mm, and the moisture in soil and nutrient can freely be come in and gone out, and root system of plant can not free penetrating.Root system of plant passage guides nitrogen pump root system of plant to grow downwards, access opening diameter 0.5cm, spacing 1cm.
5th step: by contrast plantation, determine planting effect.
Specific embodiment 2
The first step: analyze Chinese silvergrass, determines the Root Distribution degree of depth and width;
Second step: analyze soil, determines nitrogen content;
3rd step: determine that Chinese silvergrass is nitrogen pump plant: according to the root characteristics of plant, by total nitrogen content in Kjeldahl nitrogen determination plant corpus with by mensuration phytomass of weighing, namely the phytomass that total nitrogen content is multiplied by unit are obtains the bioaccumulation ability of plant to nitrogen:
If Plant Total Nitrogen content is N, unit g/kg, phytomass is B, units/kg/hm
2, nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is C=N*B, and unit is gN/hm
2; In conjunction with to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, determine suitable nitrogen pump plant; The root characteristics of plant is by measuring root system of plant length and beetroot yield and determining that the root dry mass of the system of taproot or the system of fibrous root obtains.
4th step: the plantation of nitrogen pump plant, is strapped in root device by the root of nitrogen pump plant, and wherein, the constraint degree of depth of bundle root device is identical with treating the main distributed depth of the root system of Plants, i.e. the degree of depth of plow layer 0-30cm; Bundle root device in 4th step comprises the regular cube device of semi-transparent wall, enclosing wall, root system of plant passage, hand draw ring, upper opening composition; Cube height is 30cm, fills up in device after plantation nitrogen pump plant with soil.Semi-transparent wall both sides are adjacent with crops, and enclosing wall both sides connect between two.Semi-transparent cinclides footpath is 1mm, and the moisture in soil and nutrient can freely be come in and gone out, and root system of plant can not free penetrating.Root system of plant passage guides nitrogen pump root system of plant to grow downwards, access opening diameter 0.5cm, spacing 1cm.
5th step: by contrast plantation, determine planting effect.
Specific embodiment 3
The first step: analyze Grain Production of Amaranthus, determines the Root Distribution degree of depth and width;
Second step: analyze soil, determines nitrogen content;
3rd step: determine that Grain Production of Amaranthus is nitrogen pump plant: according to the root characteristics of plant, by total nitrogen content in Kjeldahl nitrogen determination plant corpus with by mensuration phytomass of weighing, namely the phytomass that total nitrogen content is multiplied by unit are obtains the bioaccumulation ability of plant to nitrogen:
If Plant Total Nitrogen content is N, unit g/kg, phytomass is B, units/kg/hm
2, nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is C=N*B, and unit is gN/hm
2; In conjunction with to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, determine suitable nitrogen pump plant; The root characteristics of plant is by measuring root system of plant length and beetroot yield and determining that the root dry mass of the system of taproot or the system of fibrous root obtains.
4th step: the plantation of nitrogen pump plant, is strapped in root device by the root of nitrogen pump plant, and wherein, the constraint degree of depth of bundle root device is identical with treating the main distributed depth of the root system of Plants, i.e. the degree of depth of plow layer 0-30cm; Bundle root device in 4th step comprises the regular cube device of semi-transparent wall, enclosing wall, root system of plant passage, hand draw ring, upper opening composition; Cube height is 30cm, fills up in device after plantation nitrogen pump plant with soil.Semi-transparent wall both sides are adjacent with crops, and enclosing wall both sides connect between two.Semi-transparent cinclides footpath is 1mm, and the moisture in soil and nutrient can freely be come in and gone out, and root system of plant can not free penetrating.Root system of plant passage guides nitrogen pump root system of plant to grow downwards, access opening diameter 0.5cm, spacing 1cm.
5th step: by contrast plantation, determine planting effect.
The regularly measure of turning over of employing avoids root system to grow to upper soll layer; By the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus data of different depth, crop growth amount data in monitoring soil or underground water method revised and do not need to revise.
The present invention utilizes root system of plant different levels to distribute, select dark root system, the strong plant of nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is as nitrogen pump plant, the nitrogen excessive to deep soil absorbs, simultaneously, utilize bundle root device more carefully fettering nitrogen pump plant, avoid at thin solum and treat that Plants grabs nitrogen, thus both ensured the normal use procedure of agricultural, avoid again nitrogen on the impact of ecological environment of soil, this method improves soil environment, decrease the pollution to environment, be conducive to ecological protection and the Developing Sustainable Agriculture in farmland, method is easy to operate, high efficiency, have broad application prospects.
Finally, above embodiment and accompanying drawing are only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. utilize biological nitrogen pump to control a method for Total Nitrogen leaching loss, it is characterized in that: the method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss is carried out according to step below:
The first step: treat Plants analysis, determines the Root Distribution degree of depth and width;
Second step: analyze soil, determines nitrogen content;
3rd step: determine nitrogen pump plant, according to the root characteristics of plant, in conjunction with to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, determines suitable nitrogen pump plant;
4th step: the plantation of nitrogen pump plant, is strapped in root device by the root of nitrogen pump plant, and wherein, the constraint degree of depth of bundle root device is identical with treating the main distributed depth of the root system of Plants, i.e. the degree of depth of plow layer 0-30cm;
5th step: by contrast plantation, determine planting effect.
2. a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the root characteristics of plant is by measuring root system of plant length and beetroot yield and determining that the root dry mass of the system of taproot or the system of fibrous root obtains in the third step.
3. a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the 3rd step, plant can by total nitrogen content in Kjeldahl nitrogen determination plant corpus with by mensuration phytomass of weighing to nitrogen bioaccumulation ability, and namely the phytomass that total nitrogen content is multiplied by unit are obtains the bioaccumulation ability of plant to nitrogen:
If Plant Total Nitrogen content is N, unit g/kg, phytomass is B, units/kg/hm
2, nitrogen bioaccumulation ability is C=N*B, and unit is gN/hm
2.
4. a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bundle root device in the 4th step is the regular cube device comprising semi-transparent wall, enclosing wall, root system of plant passage, hand draw ring, upper opening composition; Cube height is 30cm, fills up in device after plantation nitrogen pump plant with soil; Semi-transparent wall both sides are adjacent with crops, and enclosing wall both sides connect between two, and semi-transparent cinclides footpath is 1mm, moisture in soil and nutrient can freely be come in and gone out, and root system of plant can not free penetrating, and root system of plant passage guides nitrogen pump root system of plant to grow downwards, access opening diameter 0.5cm, spacing 1cm.
5. a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the regularly measure of turning over of employing avoids root system to grow to upper soll layer.
6. a kind of method utilizing biological nitrogen pump to control Total Nitrogen leaching loss according to claim 1, be is characterized in that: revised method by concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus data, the crop growth amount data of monitoring different depth in soil or underground water.
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- 2015-08-20 CN CN201510511644.1A patent/CN105191606B/en active Active
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| CN104521507A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 王杨 | Cultivation method improving sorghum yield |
| CN104541646A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 广东烟草清远市有限公司 | Method for improving tobacco-planting soil in south purple soil drought sloping land |
| CN104686143A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 平南县颖绿龙眼种植专业合作社 | Cactus planting method |
| CN104686186A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-10 | 张玉雯 | Method for cultivating corn in saline-alkali soil |
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