CN105190263A - 传感器校准方法，计算机程序以及计算机可读载体 - Google Patents

传感器校准方法，计算机程序以及计算机可读载体 Download PDF

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CN105190263A
CN105190263A CN201380072685.4A CN201380072685A CN105190263A CN 105190263 A CN105190263 A CN 105190263A CN 201380072685 A CN201380072685 A CN 201380072685A CN 105190263 A CN105190263 A CN 105190263A
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斯特凡·奥尔松
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Flir Systems AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/80—Calibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
    • H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
    • H04N25/671—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
    • H04N25/671—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction
    • H04N25/672—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction between adjacent sensors or output registers for reading a single image
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077—Imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于传感器校准的方法，该种传感器具有复数个用于检测红外辐射或IR-FPA的传感器单元，例如为焦平面阵列，FPAs,且在至少两个温度下实施校准。根据本发明，传感器的动态范围被分割为对应温度的复数个区间(5)，在每一区间中，通过基于场景的非均匀性校正(6),在运行的基础上更新校正映射，且相邻区间之间的校正项被内插(7)，且内插的校正项(8)被用以校正相关传感器的传感器单元。本发明同样涉及计算机程序以及计算机程序产品。通过本发明，即使为非线性类型的传感器，本方法仍可以被提供用于将传感器的整个动态范围下的固定图形噪声有效最小化至接近零。

Description

传感器校准方法，计算机程序以及计算机可读载体
技术领域
本发明涉及用于传感器校准的方法，该种传感器具有复数个用于检测红外辐射或红外-焦平面阵列(IR-FPA)的传感器单元，例如为焦平面阵列，FPAs,且在至少两个温度下实施校准。本发明同样涉及包括程序代码的计算机程序，其中，当所述计算机代码在计算机上被执行时，引起所述计算机实施这一方法，本发明也涉及一种包括了计算机可读载体以及如上所述计算机程序的计算机，所述计算机程序被包括在所述计算机可读载体中。
背景技术
来自一传感器的传感器单元的输出信号，该传感器单元例如为红外-焦平面阵列，该输出信号可基于入射功率的不同而变化巨大。因而需要在传感器单元彼此间进行校准。例如，包含于一红外照相机的传感器中的多个传感器单元并不以同样的方式运作，而是表现出不同的增益及偏移变量。为了处理这些变量，在产品中包含并储存了一种“增益及偏移映射”(gainandoffsetmaps)。增益映射在操作期间被使用从而对一个传感器的多个独立传感器单元的增益变量进行校正。相应地，偏移映射在操作中被使用从而对包含的多个传感器单元的传感器信号进行平行偏移(paralleloffset)而使得传感器的增益曲线实质重合。为了进一步解释增益及偏移映射中的原理，本文引用已公布的美国专利申请US2011/0164139A1。
对照相机的传感器进行校准的一种常见方式是在不同温度下让照相机观察纯平(perfectlyplat)黑体辐射源。假设不同传感器单元之间的非线性是相同的，仅存在增益及偏移水平上的变量，基于两个不同的温度足以校准传感器，这被称为两点校正。然而，在许多情况中，特别是在极端温度或当均匀性差的传感器被使用时，传感器单元之间并不满足相同的非线性要求。一种解决方式是在多个温度下基于黑体辐射源进行校准。为了覆盖整个动态范围，必须全面地对整个动态范围下的每一单独传感器单元的响应进行检测。然而，这样的解决方式具有多个劣势。例如，该解决方式是冗长的，且在生成期间所耗时间非常长。此外，该解决方式要求大容量的存储。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对增益及偏移，以及非线性中的差分进行校正的方法，因而在避免了各传感器单元的冗长检测的情况下，可有效地在生成过程中对固定图形噪声进行最小化。
本发明的目的通过以下方法实现，该方法的特征在于，传感器的动态范围被分割为对应温度的复数个区间，在每一区间中，通过基于场景的非均匀性校正(scene-basednon-uniformitycorrection)，在运行的基础上(onarunningbasis)更新校正映射，且相邻区间之间的校正项被内插(interpolate)，且内插的校正项被用以校正相关传感器的传感器单元。
通过提出的方法，在传感器的整个动态范围内，固定图形噪声可被最小化至接近零，而并不进行传统方式，在传统方式中，必须全面地对整个动态范围下的每一单独传感器单元的响应进行检测，该传统方式是冗长的。此外，本发明也并不依赖于传感器单元所呈现出的非线性的类型。
基于一种提出的合适方法，传感器的动态范围被分割为至少三个区间。
基于另一提出的合适方法，若校准精确度的要求更高，则动态范围被分割成的区间的数量可被增加。
基于进一步提出的合适方法，校正映射在每一区间的中间，在运行的基础上被更新。
基于又一提出的合适方法，基于场景的非均匀性校正由基于场景的校正算法(scene-basedcorrectivealgorithm)组成。
此外，基于一合适的方法，提出了对焦平面阵列的传感器单元进行校准。
附图说明
以下将结合附图，以例子的形式，更进一步地说明本发明，其中：
图1示意性地示出了具有复数个传感器单元的红外(IR)传感器；
图2示出了包含在一红外传感器内的多个传感器单元的增益与温度之间变化关系的例子，
图3示出了阐明本发明原理的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的红外传感器1包括了m×n个，以m行及n列分配的传感器单元S1,1-Sm,n。传感器可组成一焦平面阵列，IR-FPA。包含在传感器1中的每一独立的传感器单元S1,1-Sm,n可拥有自己独立的增益曲线。
图2示出了根据温度T而变化的增益曲线2.1,2.2以及2.3。如图所示，独立的多个增益曲线可呈现出不同的曲线形状。垂直线将传感器动态范围分割为多个区间。在图2中，标出了四个范围3.1-3.4。若传感器单元的曲线形状非常不同，相较传感器的曲线形状相似的情形，其需要更大量地将传感器动态范围分割为区间。
本发明的原理可参考图3中的流程示意图进一步理解。
方框4中的红外传感器将一图像传输给方框5。方框5中的传感器动态范围被分割为3.1,3.2,3.3等的多个区间，根据方框6，在每个区间的中间，通过已知种类的基于场景的校正算法所产生的校正映射，在运行的基础上被更新。随后，在方框7中，在相邻的区间之间内插校正项。所获得的内插的校正项将关于增益及偏移，为了非线性中的差分，校正传感器单元，这是通过在图8中使用所获得的对应当前温度范围的内插的校正项，允许内插的校正项校正相关传感器的传感器单元来实现的，从而在图9中，可输出一被校正的图像。非线性校正的精确度取决于区间的数量；多个小区间意味着更高的精确度。理论上来说，若使用无穷个小区间，本方法可控制传感器单元之间的任意规律的变化。
本发明并不被以上所述的典型方法所限制，相反地，权利要求范围内的各种变体均符合本发明。

Claims (8)

1.用于传感器校准的方法，该种传感器具有复数个用于检测红外辐射或IR-FPA的传感器单元(4)，例如为焦平面阵列，FPAs,且在至少两个温度下实施校准，其特征在于，传感器的动态范围被分割为对应温度的复数个区间(5)，在每一区间中，通过基于场景的非均匀性校正(6),在运行的基础上更新校正映射，且相邻区间之间的校正项被内插(7)，且内插的校正项(8)被用以校正相关传感器的传感器单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，传感器的动态范围被分割为至少三个区间(3.1-3.4)。
3.如以上任意权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，若校准精确度的要求更高，则动态范围被分割成的区间的数量被增加。
4.如以上任意权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，校正映射在每一区间的中间，在运行的基础上被更新。
5.如以上任意权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，基于场景的非均匀性校正(6)由基于场景的校正算法组成。
6.如以上任意权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，对焦平面阵列的传感器单元(S1,1-Sm,n)进行校准。
7.包括程序代码的计算机程序，其中，当所述计算机代码在计算机上被执行时，引起所述计算机实施如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法。
8.包括了计算机可读载体以及如权利要求7所述的计算机程序的计算机，所述计算机程序被包括在所述计算机可读载体中。
CN201380072685.4A 2012-12-18 2013-12-16 传感器校准方法，计算机程序以及计算机可读载体 Pending CN105190263A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20151223