CN105182912A - Electric control system for numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same - Google Patents
Electric control system for numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105182912A CN105182912A CN201510595667.5A CN201510595667A CN105182912A CN 105182912 A CN105182912 A CN 105182912A CN 201510595667 A CN201510595667 A CN 201510595667A CN 105182912 A CN105182912 A CN 105182912A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/414—Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller
- G05B19/4145—Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller characterised by using same processor to execute programmable controller and numerical controller function [CNC] and PC controlled NC [PCNC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/32—Operator till task planning
- G05B2219/32195—Feedforward quality control
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electric control system for a numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same, including an electric control system for a numerical control machine tool. The electric control system for a numerical control machine tool comprises a numerical control system CNC, external equipment, a main shaft driving system, a programmable logical controller PLC, a feeding servo system, an electric appliance hardware circuit (electronic control cabinet), a machine tool (electric appliance portion), speed measurement and position measurement, wherein the numerical control system CNC is provided with a data input device, and the numerical control system CNC is connected with the data input device; the numerical control system CNC is connected with the external equipment; and the numerical control system CNC is connected with the machine tool (electric appliance portion) through the main shaft driving system. The electric control system for a numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same can realize an automatic, intelligent, mature and complete electrical control system and can improve the maintenance speed for repeated faults. The electric control system for a numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same can facilitate analysis of the fault rate and the maintainability of equipment, and can improve the operation rules and prolong the service life of the machine tool, and can improve the utilization rate of the machine tool. The electric control system for a numerical control machine tool, and maintenance of the same can overcome the deficiency of electrical original design of the machine tool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance technique field, particularly relate to a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance.
Background technology
China be engaged in numerically-controlled machine electrical design, application and maintenance technical work engineering technical personnel ten hundreds of, but due to the restriction of the complicacy of technique, diversity and polytrope and some objective environment factors, theoretical system of complete that also do not form a set of maturation at numerically-controlled machine electrical repair technical elements.The high speed development of current control theory and automatic technology, especially the making rapid progress of microelectric technique and computer technology, make Numeric Control Technology also in synchronous develop rapidly, variation in PC base, Opening and performance in digital control system version, complicated, high-intelligentization not only bring great variety to its application from idea to practice, also in its maintenance theories, technology and means, bring very large change.
The personal value of numerically-controlled machine is from hundreds of thousands unit to up to ten million unit, and the key equipment of critical product critical process in general Dou Shi enterprise, once disorderly closedown, it affects and loses often very large.But, people are often value its usefulness to such equipment more, and not only pay little attention to reasonably using, and more pay close attention to very little its maintenance and maintenance job, dailyly do not note creation to C&M condition of work and input, fault occurs that the phenomenon of embracing Buddha's feet in one's hour of need is very general.Therefore, in order to give full play to the benefit of numerically-controlled machine, we must pay attention to maintenance job, create good maintenance condition.Electric fault mostly is, so electrical repair is even more important due to the daily appearance of numerically-controlled machine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, providing a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance, comprise numerically-controlled machine electric control system, described numerically-controlled machine electric control system comprises digital control system CNC, external unit, spindle drive systems, programmable logic controller PLC, feed servo-system, Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), lathe (electrical appliance part), velocity survey and position measurement, described digital control system CNC is connected with data input device, described digital control system CNC is connected with external unit, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by spindle drive systems, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by feed servo-system, described digital control system CNC is connected with programmable logic controller PLC two-way signaling by the interface being arranged on programmable logic controller PLC, described programmable logic controller PLC is connected with feed servo motor two-way signaling by data line, described programmable logic controller PLC carries out two-way signaling by data line with lathe (electrical appliance part) and is connected, described programmable logic controller PLC is also connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), described lathe (electrical appliance part) is connected with digital control system CNC by position measurement, described lathe (electrical appliance part) Negotiation speed is measured and is connected with feed servo-system,
Described numerically-controlled machine electric control system also comprises the electrical control of the coordinates of motion, the electrical control of the described coordinates of motion is by electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator and position control are composed in series, described electric current (torque) regulator is connected with servomotor by power stage, described servomotor is connected with speed regulator with position control with velocity feedback respectively by position feedback, described position control front end is provided with movement instruction, described movement instruction by feedforward control respectively with electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator is connected with position control.
As preferably, described lathe (electrical appliance part) comprises the equipment such as motor, solenoid valve, detent, various switches.
As preferably, institute's position measurement adopts grating scale and digital pulse coding device as position measurement element.
As preferably, described velocity survey comprises the tachometer be arranged in main shaft and feed servo motor, motor actual speed is matched to magnitude of voltage and sends servo drive system back to as feedback speed signal by tachometer, and and instruction velocity voltage value is compared, thus realizes the accurate control of speed.
As preferably, described external unit comprises PC computing machine and printer output equipment.
As preferably, described electric current (torque) regulator is provided with current feedback.
Present invention achieves robotization, the electrical control system that intelligentized a set of maturation is complete, improve the maintenance speed of repeated fault; Be beneficial to failure rate and the maintenanceability of analytical equipment, operation improving code, improve lathe life-span and utilization factor; The deficiency of the former design of Machine Tools Electric can be improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of numerically-controlled machine electric control system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of numerically-controlled machine coordinates of motion electric control system of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention; Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1-2, the present invention relates to a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance, comprise numerically-controlled machine electric control system, described numerically-controlled machine electric control system comprises digital control system CNC, external unit, spindle drive systems, programmable logic controller PLC, feed servo-system, Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), lathe (electrical appliance part), velocity survey and position measurement, described digital control system CNC is connected with data input device, described digital control system CNC is connected with external unit, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by spindle drive systems, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by feed servo-system, described digital control system CNC is connected with programmable logic controller PLC two-way signaling by the interface being arranged on programmable logic controller PLC, described programmable logic controller PLC is connected with feed servo motor two-way signaling by data line, described programmable logic controller PLC carries out two-way signaling by data line with lathe (electrical appliance part) and is connected, described programmable logic controller PLC is also connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), described lathe (electrical appliance part) is connected with digital control system CNC by position measurement, described lathe (electrical appliance part) Negotiation speed is measured and is connected with feed servo-system,
Described numerically-controlled machine electric control system also comprises the electrical control of the coordinates of motion, the electrical control of the described coordinates of motion is by electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator and position control are composed in series, described electric current (torque) regulator is connected with servomotor by power stage, described servomotor is connected with speed regulator with position control with velocity feedback respectively by position feedback, described position control front end is provided with movement instruction, described movement instruction by feedforward control respectively with electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator is connected with position control.
Described lathe (electrical appliance part) comprises the equipment such as motor, solenoid valve, detent, various switches.
Institute's position measurement adopts grating scale and digital pulse coding device as position measurement element.
Described velocity survey comprises the tachometer be arranged in main shaft and feed servo motor, motor actual speed is matched to magnitude of voltage and sends servo drive system back to as feedback speed signal by tachometer, and instruction velocity voltage value is compared, thus realizes the accurate control of speed.
Described external unit comprises PC computing machine and printer output equipment.
Described electric current (torque) regulator is provided with current feedback.
In sum, command information and various application data are inputted the necessary device of digital control system by numerically-controlled machine electric control system (1) data input device of the present invention.It can be punched tape reader (seldom using); 3.5in floppy disk; CNC keyboard (general input operation), the hard disk that digital control system is equipped with and drive unit (memory protection for mass data), magnetic tape station (less use), PC computing machine etc.(2) maincenter of digital control system numerically-controlled machine, the repertoire instruction of receiving is carried out decoding by it, computing, then sends the movement instruction of various needs and the steering order of various lathe function in an orderly manner, until motion and function terminate.Digital control system has very perfect self diagnostic capability, is will note strictly by predetermined operation in routine use more, and daily maintenance is then mainly to the protection of hardware environment for use and the destruction preventing system software.(3) programmable logic controller (PLC) is the logic control center of lathe various functions.It carries out logic sequence by from the various motion of CNC and function command, enable they exactly, harmonious orderly ground safe operation; Send CNC to by from the various information of lathe and duty simultaneously, make CNC can send further steering order timely and accurately, so realize the control to whole lathe.The present age, PLC was integrated in digital control system more, and this mainly refers to the integrated of control software design, and PLC hardware then often takes distributed frame in larger system.The integrated software interface of taking of PLC and CNC realizes, General System is all the communication information various between the two is specified respectively its fixing storage address, monitored in real time by the information state of system to all addresses, present state according to each interface signal is analyzed judgement, make further control command accordingly, complete the control to motion or function.The PLC of different vendor has different PLC language and different language performance forms, and therefore, the prerequisite of making every effort to familiar a certain lathe PLC program is first familiar with the PLC language of this lathe.(4) spindle drive systems accepts the driving instruction from CNC, drives main motor to rotate through speed and torque (power) regulation output drive singal, accepts velocity feedback simultaneously and implements velocity close-loop control.The various practical work state advertisement CNC of main shaft are also controlled the various functions of main shaft in order to complete by PLC by it.Spindle drive systems self has many setting parameters, these parameters directly affect the rotational characteristic of main shaft, and wherein some can not be lost or change, such as, indicate the parameter etc. of motor specification, some can be adjust and reform according to running status, such as drift etc.Also the machine tool data that main shaft is relevant is provided with in usual CNC, and identical with the parameter role of spindle drive systems, therefore to note choosing one or the other of these two, be sure not conflict.(5) feed servo-system accepts the speed command that provides respectively each coordinates of motion axle from CNC, servomotor is driven to rotate through speed and electric current (torque) regulation output drive singal, realize the motion of machine coordinates axle, accept feedback speed signal simultaneously and implement velocity close-loop control.It is also communicated by PLC and CNC, circulates a notice of current duty and accepts the control of CNC.The correct adjustment of feed servo-system speed regulator is most important, and should make optimization and regulate under the condition of position open loop, neither overshoot keeps certain hardware features again.It is by the restriction of machine coordinates shaft mechanical characteristic, once the state of guide rail and mechanical drive train changes, and velocity loop regulator of just need resetting.(6) Electric appliance hardware circuit gradually becoming strong along with PLC function, Electric appliance hardware circuit main task is generation and control circuit, disconnecting relay part and all kinds of execution electrical equipment (relay, contactor) of power supply, seldom also has the existence of relay logic circuit.But use the situation of the dedicated set mould assembly relay of self-contained certain logic control in some import lathe cabinets in addition, once this class component breaks down, except changing, can also be removed and be replaced by PLC logic, but this not only needs to have the principle of work of this dedicated electric appliance clearly to understand, also deeply to grasp the PLC language of lathe and program.(7) lathe (electrical appliance part) comprises all motor, solenoid valve, detent, various switches etc.They realize the executor of the various action of lathe and the political lecturer of the various actual state of lathe.Here the damage that possible major failure majority belongs to electrical part self be connected electric wire, the disengagement of cable or fracture.(8) velocity survey has been come by the collection tachometer be loaded in main shaft and feed motor usually.Motor actual speed is matched to magnitude of voltage and sends servo drive system back to as feedback speed signal by it, and and instruction velocity voltage value is compared, thus realizes the accurate control of speed.Here should notice that the coupling of speed measure feedback voltage connects, and not dismantle tachometer.Mostly the speed runaway caused thus is because speed measure feedback line connects caused by anti-or broken string.(9) position measurement is more early stage lathe uses straight line or circular synchronous inductor or rotary transformer, and modern machine many employings grating scale and digital pulse coding device are as position measurement element.They carry out direct or indirect measurement to the physical location that machine coordinates axle is in operation, and measured value are fed back to CNC and and instruction displacement is compared until coordinate axis arrives the location of instruction, thus realize accurate control to position.The fault that position ring may occur mostly is hardware fault, and such as position measurement element is polluted, and wire connects fault etc.(10) external unit refers generally to the output devices such as PC computing machine, printer, most basic configuration not belonging to lathe.Subject matter in using is the same with input media, is matching problem.
The electrical control of numerically-controlled machine coordinates of motion is composed in series by electric current (torque) control loop, speeds control ring and position control ring.
(1) electric current loop is for servomotor provides the circuit of torque.Generally it has been performed by fabricator to the match and regulate of motor or has specified corresponding matching parameter, and its feedback signal has also connected in servo-drive system, does not therefore need wiring and adjustment.(2) speed ring is the circuit controlling motor speed that is coordinate axis travelling speed.Speed regulator is proportional integral (PI) regulator, its P, I adjusted value depends on the load of driven coordinate axis and the mechanical property such as the transmission stiffness of machine driven system (guide rail, gear train) and drive gap completely, once these characteristic generation significant changes, first need to carry out repair to machine driven system, then readjust speed ring pi regulator.It is just can complete under the condition of position ring open loop that the best of speed ring regulates, this coordinate axis for tangential movement and rotational coordinates axle are easier to carry out, for catenary motion coordinate axis then position open loop time automatically can fall and cause danger, can take first to take motor no-load adjustment, and then install motor adjust together with position ring or be directly with position ring adjust together, at this moment need certain experience and carefulness.The feedback element of speed ring sees above face " velocity survey " and saves.(3) position ring controls each coordinate axis by the pinpoint controlling unit of the location of instruction.Position ring will finally affect positional precision and the operating accuracy of coordinate axis.This wherein has the work of two aspects: one is the precision of position measurement element and the matching problem of CNC system pulse equivalency.The pulse number that measuring sensor unit displacement sends will conform to the resolution that digital control system specifies after the frequency multiplication of the inner Clock Multiplier Factor of outside frequency multiplier circuit and/or CNC.Such as position measurement element 10 pulses/mm, digital control system resolution and pulse equivalency are 0.001mm, then the pulse that measuring sensor is sent has to pass through 100 frequencys multiplication and can mate.Two is correct setting and adjustments of position loop gain COEFFICIENT K v value.Usual Kv value is arranged as machine tool data, and what specify Kv value respectively to each coordinate axis in digital control system arranges address and numerical value unit.After speed ring optimization regulates, the setting of Kv value then becomes reflection machine tool capability quality, affects the key factor of final precision.Kv value is the direct performance of machine tool motion coordinate self performance quality and not can amplifies arbitrarily.Setting about Kv value will note two problems, first will meet following formula: v in Kv=v/ Δ formula---coordinate travelling speed, m/min Δ---tracking error, mm notes, the unit that different digital control systems adopts may be different, will note the unit that digital control system specifies when arranging.Such as, the unit of coordinate travelling speed is m/min, then Kv value unit is m/ (mmmin), if the unit of v is mm/s, then the unit of Kv should be mm/ (mms).Its secondary Kv value meeting each interlock coordinate axis must be identical, to ensure precision during resultant motion.Normally be as the criterion with the coordinate axis that Kv value is minimum.There are three kinds of situations position feedback (see upper joint " position measurement "): one does not have position measurement element, and for position opened loop control is namely without position feedback, driving stepper motor is generally open loop; One is half-closed loop control, namely position measuring sensor is not on the final moving component of coordinate axis, that is section transmission link is also had outside position-force control, this situation requires that the outer running part of ring should have suitable transmission stiffness and transmission accuracy, after adding backlash Compensation of Half and the compensation of pitch error, very high position control accuracy can be obtained; The third is full closed loop control, namely position measuring sensor is arranged on the final moving component of coordinate axis, the positional precision situation of this control is best in theory, but it is higher instead of low to the requirement of whole machine driven system, if not, then can have a strong impact on the dynamic accuracy of Two coordinate, and lathe can only be worked when underspeeding ring and positional precision.Another major issue affecting full closed loop control precision is the accurate installation question of measuring sensor, is not necessarily sneezed at.(4) feedforward control is contrary with feedback, and it command value is taken out part pre-add to regulating circuit below, and its Main Function reduces tracking error to improve dynamic response characteristic thus to improve position control accuracy.Because this function do not established by most lathe, therefore do not describe in detail herein, just it should be noted that adding of feedforward must be can carry out after all best debugging of above-mentioned three control loops.
Numerically-controlled machine electrical repair and troubleshooting technology
1. the electric fault of Common Electrical Apparatus number of categories controlled machine can by classification such as the character of fault, presentation, reason or consequences.(1) with the position that fault occurs, hardware fault and software fault is divided into.Hardware fault refers to that the up-set condition of electronics, electrical part, printed circuit board, electric wire, connector etc. even damages, and this needs to repair even to change just eliminable fault.And software fault generally refers to the fault produced in PLC logic control program, need input or revise some data even to revise the eliminable fault in PLC program side.Part program fault also belongs to software fault.The most serious software fault is then that the defect of cnc system software is even lost, and this just only has to contact with production firm or its service organization and solves.(2) with or without instruction when occurring with fault, be divided into have diagnosis indication fault and without diagnosis indication fault.Current digital control system is all designed with perfect self-diagnostic program, time real monitoring whole system soft and hardware performance, once find fault, can report to the police immediately or also have brief textual to illustrate shows on screen, the reason that the diagnosis handbook that coupling system is equipped with not only can find fault to occur, position, and also have the method prompting got rid of.Machine tool manufacturers also can have relevant indicating fault and diagnosis instructions for concrete Machine Tool design.These two parts above-mentioned have the fault of diagnosis instruction to add that all kinds of pilot lamp on each electric device make the eliminating of most electric fault comparatively easy.Without the fault part of diagnosis instruction be above-mentioned two kinds of diagnostic routines imperfection caused by (as switch do not close, patch loosening etc.).This kind of fault then will rely on producing the course of work before fault and phenomenon of the failure and consequence, and relies on maintenance personal to be analyzed the familiarity of lathe and technical merit, get rid of.(3) with or without destructiveness when occurring with fault, destructive malfunction and non-destructive fault is divided into.For destructive malfunction, the defective work piece even fault of lathe, do not allow during maintenance to recur, and at this moment can only check accordingly according to phenomenon when producing fault, analyze and get rid of it, technical difficulty is higher and have certain risk.If possible can defective work piece, then can unload workpiece, try to reappear failure process, but should be very careful.(4) with the chance that fault occurs, systematic failure and random faule is divided into.Meet some requirements as long as systematic failure refers to, the fault of the determination produced that is bound to; And random faule refers to sporadic fault at identical conditions, the analysis of this kind of fault is comparatively difficult, usually manyly looseningly with the local of machine tool mechanical structure to misplace, partial electric characteristic drifts about or reliability reduces, electric device internal temperature is too high relevant.The analysis of this type of fault just may need be got rid of through repetition test, comprehensive descision.(5) weighing with the motion qualities characteristic of lathe, is then the fault that machine tool motion characteristic declines.In this case, though lathe can run well can't process qualified workpiece.Overproof, the reverse dead band of such as Machine Tool Positioning Accuracy is excessive, coordinate operation is not steady.This kind of fault must use detecting instrument to make a definite diagnosis the mechanical, electrical link producing error, then by getting rid of the optimization adjustment of machine driven system, digital control system and servo-drive system.The classification of fault herein gets rid of for the ease of the analysis of fault, and a kind of generation of fault polytype mixing often, this just requires that maintenance personal makes a concrete analysis of, and takes corresponding analysis, exclusive method with reference to above-mentioned classification.2. fault study and analysis this be first stage of troubleshooting, it is the very crucial stage, mainly should perform following work: 1. inquiring survey is when receiving the information that the on-the-spot requirement of breaking down of lathe is got rid of, first should require that operator keeps field failure state as far as possible, be left intact, be conducive to rapidly accurately analyzing failure cause like this.Carefully inquire indicating fault situation, the surface phenomenon of mal-function and fault reasons for its use situation simultaneously, make preliminary judgement according to this, to determine instrument, instrument, drawing data, spare part etc. that on-the-spot troubleshooting should be carried, reduce two-way time.2. after site inspection is reached the spot, accuracy, the integrality of the various situations first wanting verification operation person to provide, thus examine the preliminary accuracy judged.Due to the level of operator, unclear even complete inaccurate situation is described to fault state and has no lack of precedents, behind scene, therefore still rush approached, again the careful various situation of investigation, in order to avoid destroy scene, make troubleshooting increase difficulty.3. fault analysis presses upper joint described failure modes way analysis of failure type according to known fault state, thus determines troubleshooting principle.Because most of fault has instruction, so generally, the digital control system diagnosis handbook that contrast lathe is supporting and operation instructions, can list the multiple possible reason producing this fault.4. determining that reason investigates to multiple possible reason the true cause therefrom finding out this fault, is at this moment a kind of comprehensive test to this lathe familiarity, know-how, practical experience and analysis judgement to maintenance personal.5. troubleshooting prepare the method for removing of the fault had may be very simple, some fault is then often more complicated, need to do a series of preliminary work, the preparation of such as instrument instrument, the dismounting of local, the repairing of parts, formulation of the buying even troubleshooting plan step of components and parts etc.The exclusion process of the investigation of numerically-controlled machine electrical malfunction, the process of analysis and diagnosis i.e. fault, once find out reason, fault is also just no better than eliminating.Therefore the method for fault analysis and diagnosis also just becomes very important.Below the Common Diagnostic Methods of electric fault is combined and list in down.(1) macroscopic examination method this be fault analysis at the beginning of must method, utilize the inspection of sense organ exactly.1. inquire to fault in-situ personnel and carefully inquire process, the surface phenomenon of mal-function and failure effect that fault produces, and repeatedly inquire possibly in whole analysis deterministic process.2. visually totally check whether lathe each several part duty is in normal condition (such as each coordinate axis position, main shaft state, tool magazine, position of manipulator etc.), each electric control gear (as digital control system, attemperating unit, lubricating system etc.) has alarm free to indicate, local check with or without insurance burning forge, components and parts burn, ftracture, electric wire comes off, each executive component position correctness etc.3. to touch under complete machine outage condition and can connect by what touch the installation situation of each main circuit plate, the grafting situation of each edge connector, each power and signal conductor (as servo and the wiring of motor contactor) the reason that situation etc. finds to break down.4. being energized, this refers to check with or without smoldering, striking sparks, exist with or without abnormal sound, smell and touch and be energized, once find power-off analysis immediately with or without overheated motor and element.(2) inspect by instrument method uses conventional electrical instrument, to each group of AC and DC power supply voltage, measures, therefrom look for possible fault to relevant direct current and pulse signal etc.Such as check each power conditions with multimeter, and the measurement to the coherent signal state measurement point that some circuit board is arranged, with oscillograph observe the amplitude of relevant fluctuating signal, phase place even with or without, search trouble location in PLC program and reason etc. with PLC programmable device.(3) signal with report to the police indicate analytic approach 1. hardware alarms indicate this to refer to comprise various state on each electronics of digital control system, servo-drive system, electrical installation and malfunction indicator lamp, just can know instruction content and failure cause and method for removing in conjunction with LED status and corresponding function declaration.2. the fault that software is reported to the police in instruction foregoing system software, PLC program and job sequence is all provided with alarm indication usually, and the warning number contrast corresponding diagnosis instruction manual according to display just can know possible failure cause and troubleshooting methodology.(4) Interface status inspection technique Modern NC is many is integrated in wherein by PLC, then with the mutual communication link of a series of interface signal forms between CNC and PLC.Some fault is to interface signal mistake or lose relevant, what these interface signals had can have pilot lamp to show on corresponding interface board and input/output board, what have can be shown on the screen of the crt by simple operations, and all interface signals can recall with PLC programmable device.This inspection method requires that maintenance personal should be familiar with the interface signal of this lathe, is familiar with the application of PLC programmable device again.
(5) parameter adjustment method digital control system, PLC and servo drive system all arrange many revisable parameters to adapt to the requirement of different lathe, different operating state.These parameters can not only make each electrical system and concrete lathe match, and it is necessary to make lathe various functions reach optimization especially.Therefore, the change (especially analog quantity parameter) of any parameter is even lost is all unallowed; And with lathe long-time running caused by machinery or the change of electric property can break initial matching status and optimized state.A class fault after in this type of fault many fingers failure modes one joint, needing to readjust relevant one or more parameters can get rid of.The requirement of this method to maintenance personal is very high, not only extremely will understand concrete system major parameter, has both known its address and has been familiar with its effect, and will have more rich electric adjustment experience.(6) spare part substitution method is when on failure analysis result concentrates on a certain printed circuit board; fault to be implemented a certain thereon region due to the continuous expansion of circuit level and even a certain element is very difficult; in order to shorten stop time; first spare part can be changed under the condition having identical spare part, and then go to check reparation faulty board.The replacing of spare part plate will note following problem.1. change any spare part all to carry out under powering-off state.2. many printed circuit boards there is the setting of some switches or short bar to mate actual needs, therefore original position of the switch and set condition must be recorded on replacing spare part plate, and new plate is performed same setting, otherwise warning can be produced and can not work.3. the replacing of some printed circuit board also need carry out some specific operation to complete the foundation of wherein software and parameter after replacing.This point needs the operation instruction reading over related circuit plate.4. some printed circuit board can not be extracted easily, and such as, plate containing working storage, or reserve battery plate, it can lose useful parameter or program.Also must in accordance with relevant description operation when must change.In view of above condition, extracting before old plate more renews plate and first must read over related data, starting again, in order to avoid cause larger fault after getting a thorough understanding of requirement and operation steps.(7) coordinated transposition method when find faulty board or can not determine whether faulty board and there is no spare part when, two identical in system or compatible mutually plates can be exchanged and check, the Instruction Plate of such as two coordinates or the exchange of servoboard therefrom failure judgement plate or trouble location.This coordinated transposition method should be specifically noted that, the not only correct exchange of hardware connection, also a series of corresponding parameter to be exchanged, otherwise not only miss one's aim, the confusion that new fault causes thinking can be produced on the contrary, must forethought thorough, design soft and hardware exchange scheme, the switching exam of accurate row again.(8) the current digital control system of special processing method has entered the developing stage of PC base, Opening, wherein software content is more and more abundanter, there are system software, machine tool manufacturers software, even also have the software of user oneself, due to problems more inevitable in the design of software logic, some malfunction can be made to have no way of analyzing, and such as crash phenomenon.Then can take any special measures to process for this phenomenon of the failure, such as complete machine power-off, starts shooting after having a break again, sometimes then may by Failure elimination.Maintenance personal can grope its rule or other effective methods in the long-term practice of oneself.
3. the eliminating of electrical repair and faultthis is the subordinate phase of troubleshooting, the implementation phase of being.As previously mentioned, the analytic process of electric fault i.e. the exclusion process of fault, therefore some conventional method for removing of electric fault in the analytical approach of a upper joint review paper crossed, this section is then enumerated several Common Electrical Apparatus and is done one and briefly introduce, for maintenance person reference.(1) power supply power supply is the energy source that maintenance system and even whole lathe normally work, and its inefficacy or fault the lighter understand obliterated data, cause shutdown.Severe one meeting breaking space local is even whole.Western countries are due to electric power abundance, power grid quality is high, and therefore the Power Management Design of its electrical system is considered less, and this just shows slightly not enough for there is the power supply net of larger fluctuation and higher hamonic wave in China, add the factor that some is artificial, occur the fault caused by power supply unavoidably.We should accomplish when designing the electric power system of numerically-controlled machine as far as possible: 1. provide independently panel box and not using with other equipment strings.2. the area that grid supply quality is poor should be equipped with three-phase ac voltage stabilizer.3. there is good ground connection at power supply top.4. the three-phase supply entering numerically-controlled machine should adopt three-phase five-wire mode, and center line (N) strictly separates with ground connection (PE).5. in electric cabinet the layout of electrical part and AC and DC electric wire lay mutually isolated.(2) digital control system position ring fault 1. position ring warning.It may be position measurement loop open circuit; Measuring sensor damages; The interface signal that position control is set up does not exist.2. coordinate axis produces motion in the absence of commands.May be that drift is excessive; Position ring or speed ring are connected into positive feedback; Feedback connection is opened a way; Measuring sensor damages.(3) machine coordinates can not find zero point.May be zero direction away from zero point; Scrambler damages or wiring open circuit; Grating flag shift at zero point; Back to zero speed reducing switch is malfunctioning.(4) machine dynamic characteristics is deteriorated, and workpiece processing quality declines, and even under certain speed, lathe vibrates.This wherein have very large a kind of may be machine driven system excesssive gap even serious wear or guide rail lubrication insufficient even wearing and tearing cause; For electric control system may be then speed ring, position ring and correlation parameter not in optimum matching state, optimization adjustment should be re-started after mechanical fault is got rid of substantially.(5) sporadic machine halt trouble.Here have the situation that two kinds are possible: a kind of situation be the problem in the design of foregoing related software cause some specifically operation and function run the machine halt trouble under combining, being generally again energized after lathe power-off just can disappear; Another kind of situation is caused by environmental baseline, and as brute force interference (electrical network or peripheral equipment), temperature is too high, humidity is excessive.This environmental factor often ignore by people, lathe is placed in ordinary plant even near the gate opened wide by such as southern area, and electric cabinet opens the door operation for a long time, near have equipment producing dust, metal fillings or water smoke in a large number etc.These factors not only can cause fault, and serious also can damage system and lathe, must note improving.
The standardized element that the present invention uses all can be commercially, shaped piece all can carry out customized according to instructions with the record of accompanying drawing, the concrete connected mode of each part all adopts the conventional means such as bolt, rivet, welding ripe in prior art, machinery, part and equipment all adopt in prior art, conventional model, add that circuit connects and adopt connected mode conventional in prior art, be not described in detail in this.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a numerically-controlled machine electric control system and maintenance, it is characterized in that, comprise numerically-controlled machine electric control system, described numerically-controlled machine electric control system comprises digital control system CNC, external unit, spindle drive systems, programmable logic controller PLC, feed servo-system, Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), lathe (electrical appliance part), velocity survey and position measurement, described digital control system CNC is connected with data input device, described digital control system CNC is connected with external unit, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by spindle drive systems, described digital control system CNC is connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by feed servo-system, described digital control system CNC is connected with programmable logic controller PLC two-way signaling by the interface being arranged on programmable logic controller PLC, described programmable logic controller PLC is connected with feed servo motor two-way signaling by data line, described programmable logic controller PLC carries out two-way signaling by data line with lathe (electrical appliance part) and is connected, described programmable logic controller PLC is also connected with lathe (electrical appliance part) by Electric appliance hardware circuit (electrical control cubicles), described lathe (electrical appliance part) is connected with digital control system CNC by position measurement, described lathe (electrical appliance part) Negotiation speed is measured and is connected with feed servo-system,
Described numerically-controlled machine electric control system also comprises the electrical control of the coordinates of motion, the electrical control of the described coordinates of motion is by electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator and position control are composed in series, described electric current (torque) regulator is connected with servomotor by power stage, described servomotor is connected with speed regulator with position control with velocity feedback respectively by position feedback, described position control front end is provided with movement instruction, described movement instruction by feedforward control respectively with electric current (torque) regulator, speed regulator is connected with position control.
2. a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system according to claim 1 and maintenance, is characterized in that, described lathe (electrical appliance part) comprises the equipment such as motor, solenoid valve, detent, various switches.
3. a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system according to claim 1 and maintenance, is characterized in that, institute's position measurement adopts grating scale and digital pulse coding device as position measurement element.
4. a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system according to claim 1 and maintenance, it is characterized in that, described velocity survey comprises the tachometer be arranged in main shaft and feed servo motor, motor actual speed is matched to magnitude of voltage and sends servo drive system back to as feedback speed signal by tachometer, and instruction velocity voltage value is compared, thus realizes the accurate control of speed.
5. a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system according to claim 1 and maintenance, is characterized in that, described external unit comprises PC computing machine and printer output equipment.
6. a kind of numerically-controlled machine electric control system according to claim 1 and maintenance, is characterized in that, described electric current (torque) regulator is provided with current feedback.
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| CN107065776A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-18 | 马鞍山工蜂智能科技有限公司 | A kind of industrial lathe automation control system |
| CN107121963A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 发那科株式会社 | Programmable controller and the system for possessing it |
| CN107357249A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-17 | 杨新高 | Agricultural work vehicle modularization operating system text |
| CN107357208A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-17 | 杨新高 | Agricultural work vehicle control device and its control system |
| CN107479498A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-15 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of Digit Control Machine Tool analog servo system drift method of adjustment |
| CN107861475A (en) * | 2017-10-22 | 2018-03-30 | 成都具鑫机械设备有限公司 | One kind is based on Embedded NC Machine control system and its implementation |
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| CN107861475A (en) * | 2017-10-22 | 2018-03-30 | 成都具鑫机械设备有限公司 | One kind is based on Embedded NC Machine control system and its implementation |
| CN109949338A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-28 | 博雅工道（北京）机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of target following recognition methods based on the bionical underwater fish of CPG model |
| CN109870973A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-11 | 合肥齐泰光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Light Electrical all-in-one machine telecommunication command system |
| CN111896821A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | 北京奔驰汽车有限公司 | ARO welding clamp fault detection method |
| CN111896821B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-09-05 | 北京奔驰汽车有限公司 | ARO welding tongs fault detection method |
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