CN101825890A - Object network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention aims to directly interconnect each host network or automatic network with the same public network (or through an identification computer) to form an interoperable computer network, wherein a control device or an electronic control device can control the production, application or the like of an electronic device. A computer network and the electronic device under the control of the computer network together form a system, which is named an object-to-object Internet network (namely an object-to-object network) and called an object network for short, wherein the object comprises the object, an electronic machine, a man-machine interface, a wireless mobile terminal, the electronic device, the electrical control device, an IC card and the like of an object stream. The electronic device serves as a basis of the object network and is substantially a computer-controlled application system which is developed according to the actual application and the requirement on the production, such as an office automatic application system, an automatic production system, an enterprise and institute management system, a ticket system, a decision making system, a medical treatment and medical insurance service system, a financial bank service system, an auxiliary teaching system and the like developed in various industries.

Description

The thing net

Technical field the present invention relates to intelligent control technology (Intelligence Control Technology), network technology (NetworkTechnology), multimedia technology (Media Technology), infotech (Information Technology, IT), computer communication technology (Compunication Technology), electromechanical integration (Mechatronics) technology, database technology (Database Technology), internet (Internet) technology, artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence, AI) technology, radiotelegraphy, logistlcs technology etc.

The thing net combines information flow and " logistics " by the internet.The thing net is also referred to as Internet of Things network (perhaps Internet of Things), automatic network, sensing network, intelligent network, GreenNet etc.The thing net will be widely used in all trades and professions intelligent use and/or Network (Network Server).The thing net utilizes common network (referring generally to the internet), realizes the secure communication of people and/or thing and/or machine, control and extensive connection automatically.The thing net will be widely used in utilizing internet security all fields of (application, industry, tourism, building, agricultural, commercial affairs, government affairs etc.) of reliably commencing business.

The background technology open-loop control system is meant that output quantity does not have the system of influence to the input quantity of starting to control making usefulness.Its signal folk prescription is to transmission.

Closed-loop control system is meant that output quantity directly influences the system of (negative feedback) to the input quantity of starting to control making usefulness.Its actuating signal is by the closed loop transmission.

Programmable controller (programmable logic controller, PLC) being is a kind of universal industrial control device of core with microprocessor (microprocessor); Can substitute traditional relay logical device; Similar with general control system, form by importation, logical gate and output.Its importation is real data and the signal that is used for collecting and storing the Be Controlled object; Logical gate is an information of handling input, makes corresponding reaction with reference to the demand of Be Controlled object, and output is delivered in this reaction; Output is to provide its required execution information to the Be Controlled object, makes it finish corresponding action.It has specific functions such as arithmetical operation, analog quantity processing, extensibility, communication and networking.The ability of the high reliability of industrial PLC and the abominable industrial environment of adaptation is the visual plant of automatic technology.

PLC has functions such as logical operation, counting, timing, simulation control, data processing and storage, is indispensable automaton; Can change its control function by programming.Control program is to send in the storer of PLC microprocessor after being finished by programmable device, can read from storer, checks and revise.Programmable device is used for importing, check, revise control program and monitors the running status of PLC.

Computer equipment can be connected to computer network, and have processing information flow, bag (packet) or frame (frame) etc. Network Transmission with receive in the integrated circuit (IC) chip of all various functions, be exactly a kind of interface circuit.It also is applicable to interconnecting between computing machine or the network.

Microcomputer (personal computer, PC) is the core of automatic control system, and its hardware and software can be realized the control function of various automatic websites.Wherein most widely used general be that (industry personal computer IPC), is also referred to as industrial control computer to industrial microcomputer.The maximum characteristics of this microcomputer are to have improved the man-machine interface interface.

Microcomputer not only has advantages such as stable performance, fast operation, but also has high reliability, characteristics that environmental suitability is strong.

Industrial control computer can be in the abominable industrial environment of automatically control reliability service; Can directly be connected with interfaces such as sensor, collector, detecting device, topworks or facilities; It is the microcomputer family of finishing the industrial system of the observing and controlling of each automation equipment and management role.It can be used for the commercial production scene, finishes the real-time data acquisition of production run, handles and real-time control task in real time, also can be used as an organic component of production run, finishes the control task of production run.

Embedded scm is different from multi-purpose computer.Multi-purpose computer has perfect man machine interface interface; Increase some developing application and environment, can carry out self function development.

Embedded scm itself does not possess from development function; After design was finished, the user generally can not must have a cover developing instrument and environment just to lead to and develop modification of program wherein.It requires many to the technical skill of the industry-by-industry outside the computer technology; Therefore developing instrument should have easy to learnly, convenient use, characteristics such as reliable and high-level efficiency.

The temperature sensor of platinum resistance or thermistor can be measured atmospheric temperature automatically, and agricultural, economy, service sector etc. are significant.

Radio can be used for transmission information.Each portable terminal all is a wireless station, but emissive power is little, and sensitivity is not high.Communication between them relies on high-power fixed radio platform switching.This fixing radio station be called access station (Access Point, AP).

Multimedia monitor system, its terminal and transmission equipment adopt analogue technique, and equipment is huge, line is complicated, operating maintenance is inconvenient, are unfavorable for the sequencing control of system, be difficult to utilize traditional communication network (LAN, PSTN, ISDN etc.) to carry out data transmission, realize Long-distance Control.

Unit sets up private wide area network, must be by renting expensive special line or adopting Virtual Private Network (Virtual Private Network, VPN) technology.Renting expensive special line is heavy financial burden to unit.Security is the significant problem of VPN.

(Building Automation System BAS), can not be directly carries out safety and interoperability (Interoperability) reliably by the internet to the various device automated system.Its information transmission and control automatically, the paces of be out of step with the times progressive requirement and technological change.

" cloud security (Cloud Security) " system need solve four big difficult points: need the antivirus techniques of client, needs specialty of magnanimity and experience, needs a large amount of fund and technology input, must be open system and a large amount of affiliates' of needs adding.

Make controlled device according to the operation that necessarily requires state variation by artificial or control device, be called control; It is divided into manual control and control automatically.

Control function comprises hi-Fix control, speed control, adaptive control, self diagnosis correction, compensation, reproduction, retrieval etc.

Summary of the invention task of the present invention is with each excellent machine network or automatic website; Respectively directly (or respectively by distinguishing machine), interconnected and be fine into the computer network that their can interoperability with same common network; Wherein control device or electronic control device can be controlled electronics production or application etc.

Can carry out the computer device of automation mechanized operation, monitoring and management to the Be Controlled object, be called electronic control device.For example microcomputer (PC), Programmable Logic Controller (Programmable Controller, PLC), programmable controller, chip etc.

By some accessory and Be Controlled object computer-controlled device that interrelate and that can necessarily control purpose and specific control function to its acquisition, be called device with control function, be called for short control device (Fig. 5).The accessory here mainly refers to input and output interface, collector and actuating unit etc.; Computing machine is often referred to digital machine, can be the computing machine of various scales, as the general or special purpose computer from miniature to large-scale.And between the Be Controlled object get in touch and parts between get in touch, can be wired mode, get in touch by cable as simulating signal or digital signal; Also can be wireless mode, as radiowave, microwave etc.Control purpose and function can be to make the state of Be Controlled object or motion reach certain requirement, also can be to reach certain optimized target.All these dissimilar signals all will pass through and handle, need with the interface of matching computer and power-equipment.General by the controller of PC as control device.It can also comprise telepilot, sensor, servo-drive system.

Control device and/or electronic control device and connection line thereof (comprising industrial circuit, communication line etc.) and at least one multi-purpose computer or microcomputer, the LAN (Local Area Network) (can be WLAN (wireless local area network)) that adopts network topology structure to form is called automatic website.

And the dedicated network that same common network is interconnected and/or automatically can be safely between the website and interoperability (Interoperability) and the internet of composition is called intelligent computer network (Intelligent Personal Computer Network) reliably; Be called for short computer network (Fig. 1).Computer network (Personal Computer Network) is also referred to as PC network.It makes people forward on another network from an one network, needn't consider the compatibility of operating system.JAVA is a kind of cross-platform high-level programming language.It has shielded the details of computer operating system and hardware.PC network is a complication system (Complex Systems) with distributed integrated (Integrated) open (Openness) network.

Produce or the object or the system by multi-purpose computer control of application function by having of in determining scope, being formed of one group of assembly with special process and function, be called have produce or application function by computer-controlled equipment, be called for short electronics.The wide range of electronics comprises each row name electronic production equipment, electro-mechanical device, electronic communication instrument, electronic experiment device, robot, electronic instrument, electronic appliance, electronic toy, electronic tourism, household electronic facility, single intelligence machine or single electronic equipment etc. already.

The common system that forms of the electronics of computer network and control thereof is called the internet (or Internet of Things) between thing and the thing, is called for short the thing net.Wherein thing comprises thing in " logistics ", e-machine, man machine interface interface, mobile radio terminal, electronics, control panel, IC-card etc.

Below so-called common network, refer generally to internet (Internet), other public cable network and/or public wireless network.

Wireless terminal, access station, wireless computer kind equipment, wireless exchange board and router etc. are all from containing antenna and wireless receiving and dispatching control device.

In the networks according to the topological structure composition such as some multi-purpose computers, control device, electronic control device, automatic website, be equipped with a main frame (Host) optimum or artificial appointment, be called advantage function computing machine in this network, abbreviate excellent machine (Fig. 1) as.This network is called excellent machine network.Excellent machine network is a kind of dedicated network; Can be LAN (Local Area Network), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) or wide area network; Its medium can be wired (being called wired excellent machine network), also can be wireless (being called wireless excellent machine network); Can also be comprehensive.For example, wired excellent machine wide area network, wireless excellent machine LAN (Local Area Network) etc.

Respectively with an excellent machine network (or its excellent machine) and common network interconnected and control these two network securitys and accurately server of interoperability (Server) or reciprocity machine (Peer), be called the multi-purpose computer that in common network, to distinguish and to be familiar with information, abbreviate the machine of distinguishing (Fig. 1) as.This common network also can be called and distinguish the machine network.The machine network of distinguishing can be wired or wireless, or comprehensive.The router of common network also can be wired or wireless.

The thing net is with electronic control device in electronic control device, database server, control device, access station, the electronics etc., by transmission medium (can be wired or wireless) interoperability, make the system that can form mutual coordination, harmonious work between these equipment and the device.

PC network is on unique passage of excellent machine network and same common network (Fig. 1) machine of distinguishing.The control function of the machine of distinguishing is crossed by thing Netcom, both can realize the logic isolation between excellent machine network and the common network; Can realize interoperability between two excellent machine networks again.

The thing net utilizes PC network to carry out safe and reliable business or/and the service of responsibility, just can be whenever and wherever possible, convenient easy-to-use, real-time interaction etc.It is the business of every field (or unit) or responsibility information flow, transaction flow, cash flow, logistics etc. mutual with share, round-the-clock trans-regional and information processing cheaply and transmission, good technical support is provided.The thing net comprises electronics and PC network two individual system.PC network is decentralized and stratification to the control function of electronics; Be that each electronics position disperses, control action disperses; Control function can be concentrated relatively again, make overall plans simultaneously.Increase some excellent machine networks or website automatically in the thing net, can be directly or by distinguishing machine access common network, expand its original scale.The thing net can reduce some excellent machine network or automatic website; Also can increase/reduce some device in excellent machine network or the automatic website.

The thing net can be monitored the working condition of electronics in real time, eliminates suspicious hidden danger before fault takes place as far as possible; Also can the isolated fault zone when accident takes place, the diffusion of prevention accident.The thing netting gear have can expand, can cut out, the function of highly reliable, high credible and complicated adaptation.

The excellent machine network or the automatic structure (Fig. 2) of the data backup system of website in the PC network, adopt a kind of capacity big, have advanced automatic management function but the low relatively equipment of price, to the thing netting index according to backup.It can provide the full backup to the data center of thing net, branch offices and department.

In the thing net,, can realize that automatic website is to the production of electronics or the monitoring of application by analysis to automatic website running state data.

Below so-called multi-purpose computer or microcomputer refer generally to industrial control computer; It contain and the router of internet between interface circuit.

1, electronics are application systems by multi-purpose computer control of developing according to the requirement of practical application and production.For example, the office automation application system of developing in all trades and professions, production automation system, enterprise and institution management system, ticketing system, decision system, medical medical insurance service system, Bank Danamon service system, assisted teaching system, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) etc.; The read write line of brush bar shaped, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) system etc. when also having electronic charging system without parking (ETC) that freeway toll station is provided with, supermarket shopping clearing.

Connection between each building block of electronics coupling has two types interface: being connected between machinery and the machinery is called mechanical interface; Being connected between electrical equipment and the electrical equipment, be called interface circuit.If be complementary between two parts, then interface only plays the connection effect.If interface is not complementary, then it also need have certain translation function (playing mutual matching effect) except the connection effect.The reducer casing that for example connects machine tool chief axis and motor; Connect sensor output signal and analog-to-digital amplifying circuit etc.

A typical electronic change system comprises elements such as equipment body, electric power and driving, topworks, sensing detection, multi-purpose computer.Come the transmission of realization information, function control, energy conversion etc. by Interface Matching between them; And organically merge the system become integrality, order, purpose, correlativity and the property opened.

But electronics are also distribution library as required, so that the user calls, it has fabulous flexibility.It can utilize that other height, new technology are come on the implementation structure, on the material, the change on the performance, satisfy and reduce Chong Liang, Shrink small size, improve precision, strengthen requirements such as rigidity.

Energy compatible Internet protocol (IP) and the interface circuit that switches mutually with Internet protocol are called the standard interface circuit.

The general function of electronics can progressively be decomposed into fairly simple branch function, until decomposing the function unit that can not decompose again; Form functional tree.It is exactly the research-on-research principle of selecting practical advanced person that function unit finds the solution, and design realizes the technical pattern (optimal function carrier) of best effort principle.

Electronics are introduced electronic technology in the traditional machine or equipment, utilize the signal of sensor production, application or mechanical motion etc., with information input one chip microcomputer (the single chip microcomputer that detects, be called for short single-chip microcomputer) or integrated circuit (IC) chip, obtain to realize expecting the control signal of the specific function of producing or using after the treated and computing, control the production, application, motion of electronics etc. thus.This key problem in technology is to develop software.It also can be input to software the single-chip microcomputer that embeds in machine or the equipment, makes it to have some specific function.

If require electronics to change mode of motion or specific function, just do not need to change its any structure and electronic circuit, just can change its function neatly as long as revise software.Single-chip microcomputer is controlled by suitable program, can realize the specific function of the game and gear of any complexity of moving component in the electronics etc.

The electronics technology combines mechanical technique, electronic technology and computer technology; Give full play to advantage separately, remedy technical separately deficiency.The intensity height of machinery, output power is big, can bear big load and sophisticated functions, but realizes relatively difficulty of small movements and compound movement.In electronics and computer realm, utilize sensor and single-chip microcomputer can realize and control compound movement and specific function, but can't realize heavy duty motion and sophisticated functions.Machinery is combined with electronic technology, can under fully loaded transportation condition, realize small movements and complicated specific function.

In the immanent structure of current production devices or application product, machinery and electric part are relatively independent, and they are by rigid connection; And the product of different manufacturers has different mechanical interfaces, electric interfaces, power interface, information interface; Can not use compatible and mutually between these products.

Electronics can satisfy growing many kinds, the requirement of many specifications; Be convenient to develop novel product, update, raising cost performance; Be convenient to maintenance; But it has specific (special) requirements to binding site and body design.

Electronics (Fig. 6) generally are made up of industrial microcomputer, programmable controller, servo-drive system, drive unit and equipment body etc.They link to each other by the interface that is complementary respectively.Computing machine can be monitored (parameter of monitoring various productions and application) to its production or application state at any time in the electronics, can effectively control electronics.

The workflow of electronics is: Industrial PC Computer is at first imported and is stored through the assembly routine of an intact production procedure software of compiling and data etc.; Then the assembly routine of this production procedure section is carried out relevant treatment.The execution sequence that is about to each operational process section in this production procedure software is given programmable controller and is handled.The production of each operational process section or application are directly controlled by the microprocessor in the Industrial PC Computer, and the signal that draws outputs to servo-drive system, through over-driving device, make relevant device carry out corresponding instruction and use or produce certain product.

The hardware configuration of Industrial PC Computer also can contain and be no less than one microprocessor.Each microprocessor can move stand-alone program, bears the function of certain equipment in the electronics; Can pass through connection line or shared storage and other processor exchange messages again, coordinate step, control other equipments.

The workflow diagram of programmable controller (Fig. 7) is by software control.Its program is made up of program segment (Block).Wherein each instruction all has set form.For the electronics that different manufacturers is produced, the order format of its program also may be different; Need write instruction by the order format of various electronics.Program will be with reference to the Programming Notes book of each equipment.

For the fairly large electronics of complexity, wherein each parts are relatively independent.Its mechanical hook-up, electronic control device and circuit interface all integrate.Because the control of each production process and the monitoring of each equipment state are independently finished, electronics have great dirigibility.

The signal of electronics I/O to external world all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the requirement of extraneous circuit.This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O.The extraneous interface circuit of electronics is the standard interface circuit.

Electronics are interconnected and can be connected with watch-dog in order to make between its each equipment, and the interface between these equipment should have identical communication protocol, interface unit, lead-in wire divider and logic signal levels; Mechanical interface also is a standard simultaneously.

The technological process of existing digital control system product (car controlling bed in full) is carried out logic control by Programmable Logic Controller, and drive unit extensively adopts simply electronic, pneumatic means (cylinder bodies of two travel position), by limited switch control.It is inflexibility basically.

The hardware of electronics has modularization and open characteristics, if when improving their performance, only needs to increase functional module.

Computing machine is used for continuously monitoring, controls electronics or control panel; The modeling and the efficient emulation process of the test that can be used for industry-by-industry.

Utilize the flexibility of industrial microcomputer generality of hardware and software, the operating system of employing industrial microcomputer realizes the control technology of electronics, software that can integrated different suppliers provides and the networking needs that are suitable for each system, and have advantage with hardware independent.

The hardware and software of existing automation equipment and device mostly is special-purpose and structure sealing; Be difficult to its transformation that upgrades.

Devices (or equipment) such as industrial PLC, DSP, electronic servo, electronic driver and electronic production equipment are increased an extraneous standard interface circuit; Just can make these computerized equipments be transformed into electronics.

Electronics have following various type units:

1.1 control panel: mechanical technique and computer technology are combined together.This be classical mechanical theory with technology by means of computer aided technique, and employing artificial intelligence and expert system etc., the new mechanical of generation and equipment etc.

That form by parts such as apparatus body, framework, connection and material and by the equipment with specific application or production function of multi-purpose computer control, be called the body equipment of robot calculator control, be called for short control panel.It relates to connection between body, structure, shape, material and the parts of equipment etc.; Body also must be taken into account the aesthstic moulding of outward appearance.It is the most basic unit of electronics; Be the foundation structure of electronics.

Broadly saying, by the object of multi-purpose computer control, all is control panel.The robot that for example electric liquid is controlled automatically, production line, machining center (numerically-controlled machine), mechnical servo steering, pilotless automobile, electronic appliance, electronic toy, integrated circuit (IC) card etc.

Mechanical moving element is generally arranged in the control panel, can adopt electronic technology to make moving component realize flexibility and intellectuality.For example robot, digital control sewing machine, auto-focus camera, numerically-controlled machine etc.

The Equipment Technology of control panel adopts to be adapted in conjunction with the stepless speed-change driver of various speed and position feedback with based on the electronic control device of microcontroller or Programmable Logic Controller etc.Can implement the multiple function of control panel by software like this.

But control panel is also distribution library as required, so that the user calls, it has fabulous flexibility.It can utilize that other height, new technology are come on the implementation structure, on the material, the change on the performance, satisfy and reduce Chong Liang, Shrink small size, improve precision, strengthen requirements such as rigidity.

Mechanical hook-up is carried out the electronic control device of control such as acceleration-deceleration and the system that its power-equipment is integrated in one, be called intelligent power-equipment.

Control panel is generally combined and is formed by traditional mechanical hook-up, intelligent power-equipment, computing machine.

The signal of the I/O that control panel is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of its extraneous circuit.This equipment can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O.

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of control panel.But the extraneous interface circuit of various control panels must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

Existing electronic product is fixedlyed connected with machinery; The forms of motion of mechanical part is certain; Method of operating is artificial or automanual; Different series product has dissimilar signals; Can not compatible and replacement between them.Can not be compatible between the dissimilar moving method, apparatus.

1.2 detecting unit: the impression and the detection means that are control panel; Be to realize control, self-regulating key link automatically.

But the device of the multi-purpose computer that can detect and convert to processing signals to the every physics or the chemical parameters of control panel control is called detecting unit.Its main task is that required own and extraneous various parameters and state (non electrical quantity) in producing or using detected and convert to the electric signal that definite corresponding relation is arranged with measured parameter, be transferred to computing machine by the information modulate circuit and handle, be converted to relevant control information after by analysis.All these dissimilar signals all will be through handling, with the interface of coupling multi-purpose computer and control module.

The variation that can experience monitored physical quantity also converts the device or the device of accessible output signal according to certain rules to, is called sensor.

Have the microprocessor of basic data acquisition and processing (DAP) function and can export the sensor of parallel or serial signal, be called intelligence sensor.

Sensor (Fig. 3) can be divided into analog sensor, digital sensor and intelligence sensor three classes according to the characteristics of output signal.

Sensor in the detecting unit is the device of experiencing of control panel.It can obtain information quickly and accurately and can stand the test of harsh and unforgiving environments, is that it reaches high-caliber assurance.Detecting unit will be widely used in producing and various fields in life.

Detecting unit is the big collection of sensing and detection technique.Various automated systems such as various electronic equipments, electronic appliance, office automation electronic equipment, computer integrated manufacturing system, numerically-controlled machine, machining center, genset, electron production line all need various sensors and relevant detection unit.The ways and means that detecting unit obtains, handles as information has huge potential; Have the monitoring of raising production equipment and the security of application system and the unique advantage of economy.

Sensor is generally formed (Fig. 3) by sensitive element, switching device and basic change-over circuit three parts.Sensitive element is directly experienced measurand, and by determining certain signal of relation output; As elastic sensing element power is converted to displacement or strain output.Switching device converts the non-electrical signal (as displacement, light intensity) of sensitive element output to circuit parameter (as resistance, inductance, electric capacity etc.).Basic change-over circuit converts circuit parameter to measurable electric weight, as voltage, electric current, frequency etc.

The sensor that has is very simple, the relative complex that has.Some sensor (as thermopair) has only sensitive element.Some sensor is made up of sensitive element and switching device, need not basic change-over circuit; As piezoelectric acceleration transducer.Also some sensor is made up of sensitive element and basic change-over circuit; As capacitive displacement transducer.More than one of the switching device of some sensor will could be exported electric weight through conversion several times.Most of sensors are open cycle systems, but also some is the band feedback closed loop.

Whether suspicious whether wrong plan is and nonumeric detection is a kind of measured value to be changed the rough detection that the extreme value scope is carried out, can provide detected value or information.These change limitation values are relevant with the singularity of physical descriptor and phenomenon, also depend on the sensing range of selected sensor and data acquisition hardware.

Plan be but not the detection of rate of change be to the plan that takes place on the pre-determined acceptable level be but not rate of change carry out.The quality that detects effect depends on data consistance or continuation in time, and is applied to best on high temporal resolution (high sampling rate) data.Simultaneously, the related levels between the adjacent sample improves along with the increase of sampling rate.

Detection between the sensor is based on the principle of concrete production or application; It is detection to internal consistency between certain variable and its dependent variable.

Behind artificial observation value input detection unit, some consistency detection that the detection between sensor internal and the sensor will be stipulated automatically.

The signal of the I/O that detecting unit is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of its extraneous circuit.This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O.

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of detecting unit.But the extraneous interface circuit of various detecting units must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

The supply producer of existing detection system designs hardware and software voluntarily, makes this system have different software and hardware modules, different programming language, different connected mode, nonstandardized technique interface etc., bring use go up and maintenance on complicacy.

1.3 collecting unit: be after the various parameters of control panel are suitably changed by various sensing elements, through steps such as signal condition, sampling, quantification, coding, transmission, to be sent to the device that multi-purpose computer carries out data processing or stored record at last again.It come down to a kind of integrated data acquisition system (DAS) (data acquisition system, DAS).Its middle controller generally adopts multi-purpose computer; It is the core of collecting unit.It is controlled total system, and the data of gathering are processed, handled and storage etc.

The system with data sampling, processing, storage and data-transformation facility of multi-purpose computer control is called computer-controlled collecting unit, is called for short collecting unit.Its basic mechanical design feature is data sampling speed and algorithm, should meet basic demand, and error is no more than the numerical value of regulation.

Acquisition software generally writes in the collecting unit, and its major function is: accept and response service software to the adjustment of clock in the setting of parameter and the total system; In real time and each signal of sensor of timing acquiring, as calculated, handle each physical parameter value of formation; Store, show and transmit each physical parameter value; Symptom of a trend early warning, danger warning; Production or application state monitoring etc.

Business software is according to the needs establishment of miscellaneous service.Its major function comprises: parameter setting, real time data demonstration, timing data storage, the report of editing and releasing physical parameter value, data maintenance, data audit, compiling and assembling etc.

Collecting unit is monitored the various productions of control panel or the parameter of application at any time, as position, speed, torque, pressure, temperature etc.It selects respective sensor that these physical quantitys are converted into electric weight, passes through shaping, amplification, coupling, the conversion of information acquisition interface again, becomes the acceptable signal of multi-purpose computer and passes to multi-purpose computer.

In the signal of sensor, existing switching signal (as limit switch, the time relay etc.); Frequency signal (ultrasonic flaw detection) is arranged again; Existing digital quantity has analog quantity (as thermo-sensitive resistor, foil gauge etc.) again.At signal of different nature, the signals collecting interface should carry out different processing to it; For example must carry out mould/transformation of variables, become the acceptable digital signal of microcomputer simulating signal.

Collecting unit generally all has " in real time " characteristic at data acquisition, its standard is to satisfy actual needs; General data acquisition unit can have high as far as possible speed, to satisfy the more applications environment.Collecting unit comprises the hardware and software two large divisions.Wherein hardware components (Fig. 4) can be divided into simulation part and numerical portion again.The signal of the I/O that collecting unit is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of its extraneous circuit.This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O.

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of collecting unit.But the extraneous interface circuit of various collecting units must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

The supply producer of existing collector designs its hardware and software voluntarily, makes collector have different software and hardware modules, different programming languages, multiple real time operating system, nonstandardized technique interface etc., brings the complicacy of using on going up and keeping in repair.

1.4 control module: control theory and computer technology are combined together.Sensing detection technology and technology are by means of computer aided technique, and technology such as employing artificial intelligence and expert system, form new type auto control technology.

Can order about the system of the multi-purpose computer control that control panel etc. automatically uses or produce according to predetermined scheme, be called control module.Control module (Fig. 5) is made up of collector, multi-purpose computer, actuating unit; Functions such as vision, Flame Image Process, identification and mapping can be arranged.

The strategy of control module can adopt numerical scale-integration-differential (PID) control system; Adaptive control system (adaptive controlsystems); Robust control system (robust control system); Control of Nonlinear Systems and Based Intelligent Control etc.

Computing machine has the information processing of the various complexity of solution and the ability of real-time control problem, enables to be adapted to the request for utilization of different objects.

The signal of the I/O that control module is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of extraneous circuit.This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O.

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of control module.But the extraneous interface circuit of various control modules must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

Control module can be used for continuously monitoring, controlling to be produced or application process.For example, can collect the parameter information such as flow, pressure, temperature of relevant gas, liquid etc. by industrial sensor at any time in the chemical plant, and be real-time transmitted to industrial microcomputer; In case some operational parameter value has departed from predetermined standard, industrial microcomputer will pass through servo-drive system immediately, control air pump, liquid pump, valve etc. are made corresponding adjustment, make the parameter value of operation reach predetermined standard value, thereby operational process is controlled timely.

Existing controller and multi-purpose computer are incompatible, and be incompatible with the controller of different manufacturers.It need develop the progress that special-purpose software is followed hardware, and general technology lags behind the variation of actual requirement.And its employing specialized hardware and special software, be unfavorable for the transformation of the updating and upgrading of a product.

2, by electronic control device in multi-purpose computer and several electronics etc., according to the physical topological structure of network (star, annular, tree-like or total linear etc.), connecting the LAN (Local Area Network) of formation mutually by transmission medium (can be wireless) short distance, is exactly automatic website (Fig. 8).Wherein each electronics bear respectively a kind of, perhaps business such as more than one production or application.Multi-purpose computer is deposited the operating system software of automatic website etc., controls the function of automatic website.

The automatic website of Monitoring Data can be provided the time in accordance with regulations in real time, be called in real time station automatically.

Can only time recording and the storage Monitoring Data, but the automatic website of Monitoring Data can not be provided in real time, be called non real-time and stand automatically.

Automatically the website is divided in real time the automatic station of station and non real-time two classes automatically usually according to the ageing of data is provided.

According to automatic website whether manual intervention is arranged, can be divided into people automatically station and unmanned station are automatically arranged.

Use automatic website can improve the density of monitoring station, improve the density of monitoring time, improve the reliability of monitoring materials, guarantee the homogeneity of monitoring station, satisfy new monitoring needs and requirement, reduce personal error, reduce monitoring expense etc.

Adopt automatic web technology, as long as the multi-purpose computer of automatic website had both satisfied the IP agreement, its interface is complementary with the external interface of the LAN (Local Area Network) of existing automatic control station again.Automatically the precious resources of the equipment of existing various automatic control stations just can either be inherited in the website, guarantees the utilization of existing resource; Can formulate simultaneously the unified standard of software again, guarantee the standardization of software, hardware, communication, networking easily is for expansion is in the future allowed some leeway.

Automatically collecting and distributing type and two kinds of architectures of bus type are generally adopted in the website.Collecting and distributing type is concentrated each sensor signal of gathering and handling decentralized configuration of collecting unit by being core with CPU.Bus type is to articulate each sensor signal that decentralized configuration was gathered and handled to various functional modules (plate) by bus.

2.1 automatic both artificial input data of website also can be to all the range estimation project or the artificial observation project of automatic monitoring are edited; And import, store or carry these information.

Automatically there is polytype the website, but its structure is basic identical, and system forms by hardware and software.Wherein:

Hardware is made up of collecting unit, system power supply, communication interface and peripherals (computing machine, printer etc.) etc.It can discern and carry out the specific instruction of supplier, code and program up to specification etc.

Software has acquisition software and business software.Simultaneously all right configuring computer for operation system software and remote monitoring software etc.

Automatically the quality control of website is automatically inaccurate detection data to be removed by suitable hardware and software, will lack the survey number of times and be reduced to minimum value.Its prerequisite is: every observed value all is from calculating through the data sample of quality control relatively in a large number, will rejecting than the sample of mistake, and calculate the data that not influenced by these samples.

Hardware detection: in operational process, automatically in the website performance of hardware can the environment that wears out, is placed on not test because of components and parts in, unsuitable maintenance, instrument failure etc. are former thereby reduce.Utilize the built-in checkout equipment in the automatic website, can make the Autonet station carry out periodic self check on one's own initiative, and assay is offered appropriate person and is stored in the housekeeping impact damper.By impact damper is checked, with the discriminating measurement value be normal, error or suspicious problem arranged.

Message detects: for the automatic website that is equipped with message coding software and transmission report, can be to software at aspects such as character, digital formats, and detect with the consistance of relevant regulations.When some being worth when with suspicion, can take adequate measures.

2.2 the multi-purpose computer (generally adopting industrial control computer) in the website can carry out automated programming, and control the work of each control panel of corresponding electronics automatically.In using or producing, the website generally also needs the various parameters of each control panel in the electronics are tested and each switch is controlled automatically simultaneously.Carry out high-speed, high reliability, standardization, the communication of digitizing ground between the electronic control device in the electronics if can control, just can satisfy the robotization demand of each control panel of electronics.

General-purpose computing system software contains operating system software, database and management software thereof, Language Processing (programming and the program compiler) software of automatic website etc.Multi-purpose computer is supported the data layout of microcomputer loader, can in time transmit and handle specific tasks, and drives the automatically working of electronics.It adopts the real time operating system of multi-purpose computer itself, the perhaps real time operating system that is extended to by computing machine.

The operating system that is used for automatic website is by ready-made common computer operations platform; Realize control in real time.This type operating system has DOS, UNIX/Linux, Windows etc.This be a kind of be independent of hardware platform, with the irrelevant automatic website operating system of manufacturer.Multi-purpose computer be no less than one microprocessor architecture, can control in real time and manage automatic website.Communication transmission media between multi-purpose computer and the electronics is the passage of their transmission information.Rely on this passage, multi-purpose computer transmits through the function program of each control panel of the electronics of compiling and instruction and gives each control panel.And each control panel returns the information of its production or application to multi-purpose computer.

2.3 automatically OO modular design can be adopted in the website, makes the function wide coverage of automatic website, tailorability strengthens, and is convenient to satisfy the demand of different control panels.This is the flexibility performance of automatic website.It is a kind of modern commercial production and control model.Automatically the website has adaptive control and the automatic systematic function of technological parameter; Can be in electronics according to the variation of each parameter, the Automatic Optimal production run, thus reach the life-span of boosting productivity, increase electronics and ensure the quality of products.It can set up with industrial physical parameter etc. be support, have intelligentized expert system and instruct and produce and use.

2.4 automatically the intellectuality of website shows electronics fault self-diagnosis function and mode identification technology, makes the automatic website can own identification figure and technology, produces or uses according to natural language instructions.As long as can describe the mathematical model in certain control panel whole production cycle, the quality of production of each control panel just can be controlled in the website automatically, and realizes standardization.

2.5 automatically the website has follow-up of quality system, analogue simulation system and and quality certification system etc.They guarantee the safe and reliable work of each control panel in the automatic website, guarantee that product quality does not cause variation because of automatic website.Stabilized quality (or performance brilliance) is first core technology.

Emulation technology is carried out static state or dynamic similation by multi-purpose computer to the production of each control panel, thereby predicts or estimate the behavior effect of these electronics (its each control panel), for decision-making provides information and foundation.Efficient modeling (or virtual work) is second core technology.

Automatically control---feedback can be implemented each link of producing and using in each control panel.Accurately work is the 3rd core technology.

2.6 control can have various form in the website automatically, but generally all is to constitute (Figure 12) by following fundamental element:

Set-point assembly, comparing component, correction assembly, amplifier module, topworks, controlling object, detection link.

In electronics,, must operate automatic website according to predetermined requirement in order normally to produce; Remaining unchanged as the voltage and the Automatic Frequency that must make extraneous power supply, is exactly a kind of result who controls automatically.

Because producing or using is a complex process with multivariable Control and dynamic system, realize the multi-modeization of the automatic website course of work, should adopt the enclosed control model, in the electronics course of work, dynamically adjust variable.Under this pattern, be easy to technology such as computer real-time technology, network technology, multimedia technology, CAD/CAM technology, servocontrol, adaptive control, dynamic data management, dynamic compensation, dynamic simulation are melted into a whole, constitute the commercial production closed-loop control system, realize integrated, the intellectuality and networked of information in the automatic website.

2.7 control in real time can be divided into " firmly " real-time and " soft " real-time two kinds in the website automatically.Whether both difference are to use special hardware to guarantee that automatic website produces response accurately to specific incident.Automatically the website can be monitored the working condition of electronics in real time, eliminates suspicious hidden danger before fault takes place as far as possible; Also can the isolated fault zone when accident takes place, the diffusion of prevention accident.Automatically the website is all considered from security requirement each element, considers from the integrated and balance of total system; The safety of guaranteeing information is with reliable.

Existing robotization control station can not support covering function widely; It can not provide the open information network frame simultaneously.Sensor is sent to control system with needed information in the existing control system, and is handled by control system, sends to control device again.These control system can be converted into control module according to specific circumstances.This just can make full use of the resource of existing control system.

The supply producer of existing control system designs the production hardware and software voluntarily, makes control system have different software and hardware modules, different programming languages, multiple real time operating system, nonstandardized technique interface etc., brings the complicacy of using on going up and keeping in repair.

Automatically the website person that can make the systemic software development, equipment manufacturers and equipment user all can adapt to local industrial environment and change, perhaps modification, the expansion of new technology appearance and requirement or design new automatic website.This scheme can make this tripartite dough figurine person all be benefited to greatest extent.

Automatically the website is implemented comprehensive automation monitoring and management by control device/electronic control device to each control panel in the electronics, to reach the purpose of safety, reliable, economic and energy saving; For owner and user provide good operation and living environment, and make each control panel in the electronics be in optimum condition all the time, guarantee the economy producing or use and the intellectuality of management.

2.8 enforcement Bluetooth technology in website has short distance, low cost etc. automatically, makes up self-organizing network (ad-hoc Network) especially easily to realize sharing information between portable calculating/communication facilities, the intelligent terminal etc.; Network (homenet) etc. is particularly suitable for founding a family.

Electronic appliance, portable computer kind equipment etc. can be realized intercommunication and data sharing mutually by wireless network card, comprise following several form:

I control panel, portable terminal are formed wireless automatic website by radio access point, wireless network card, wireless hub etc., can realize work-at-home functions such as the transmission of file or image etc. and personal information management; And, realize remote data transmission and shared by internet access facility.

Between the auxiliary device of II electronics and its computing machine, can utilize infrared, Bluetooth technology realization wireless connections, realize point-to-point communication.

Also can adopt Bluetooth technology to form self-organizing network between the III electronic appliance, as connection between DVD, sound equipment, TV, the telepilot and control; Communicate the switching of mode etc. between mobile phone, wireless phone and the base etc.

The IV electronic appliance has from detecting and self-diagnostic function; Can control by network remote; Can check meter to water, electricity automatically; The intellectuality of realization household electrical appliances.

The computer-controlled program of existing robotization control station generally all concentrates on the single computing machine, because different manufacturer adopts different software standards, so be difficult to network or upgrade transformation.

3, the environment that generates by computing machine, have the reality of coming to personally border sensation, be called virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) or be called virtual environment (Virtual Environment, VE).It is by computing machine and sensing device and a kind of brand-new man-machine interaction system that creates.

The system architecture of virtual reality mainly is made of following 5 modules:

Detection module: detect user's operating command, and act on virtual environment.

Sensor assembly: accept the operational order of user or controller on the one hand, and it is acted on virtual environment; To operate result that the back produces on the other hand by feedback module, offer the user with the form of various feedbacks.

Feedback module: accept information, for the user provides real-time feedback from sensor assembly.

Control module: sensor is controlled, made it to user, virtual environment and real world generation effect.

MBM: obtain the three dimensional representation of real world ingredient, and become corresponding virtual environment by calculation mechanism.

Dynamic environment modeling technique in the virtual reality system utilizes the three-dimensional data of obtaining to set up corresponding virtual environment model according to the needs of using; Real-time three-dimensional figure generation technique can improve refreshing frequency under the prerequisite that does not reduce picture quality and complexity; The interaction capabilities of virtual reality depends on the tracking accuracy and the following range of stereo display and sensor technology, virtual reality equipment.For realizing the application of virtual reality, must adopt the developing instrument of virtual reality, as virtual reality system development platform, distributed virtual reality technology etc.; Also should adopt system integration technology (comprising the simultaneous techniques of information, calibration technique, data conversion technique, data management model, identification and the synthetic technology etc. of model).

The model of virtual reality system generally is divided into three kinds of physical model, mathematical model and descriptive models.

The security of the Scene Simulation of virtual reality on using will become frontier technology, calibration technology and the analytical technology of Weapon System Development and test.Training not only can reduce expense in virtual environment, and allows to carry out height risk and highly difficult training; And can remote training.By virtual reality technology, navigator and medical worker can reproduce emergency procedures, and can long-rangely study and instruct.

Entertainment applications is the key areas of virtual reality system; Environments true to nature not only can be provided, make people enjoy bigger enjoyment; And can be in the amusement of the identical a kind of virtual reality of different place enjoyments.

Virtual reality has virtual human body system and system of virtual operation etc. in the application of medical science.Also have virtual manufacturing, multimedia remote education, remote control etc.

Virtual reality technology will be widely used in medical treatment, manufacturing industry, amusement, education, industry, commerce, national defence and military field etc.

Excellent facility have microprocessor, data-carrier store (EEPROM), working storage (RAM) and program storage (EPROM), and input button, display etc. are housed.Each excellent machine all has the input and output interface circuit.

3.1 with an excellent machine, some multi-purpose computers, client computer, database, server, electronic control device and automatic website etc., adopt network topology structure, by the private internet network that medium (wired or wireless) is connected and forms, be called the proprietary net of excellent machine (Fig. 9).

The proprietary net of excellent machine can be LAN (Local Area Network), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), also can be wide area network.(Network Operating Sestem NOS) increases the needed function of network and forms its network operating system on excellent machine and the original operating system of each multi-purpose computer.

The proprietary netting gear of excellent machine has interoperability (interoperability), portable (portability), extensibility (expandability), Ke putting property of Shrink (scalability) and plug and play (plug﹠amp; Play) feature.It generally is with the distributed principle that is controlled to be, the control structure of employing system, subsystem and module stagewise; Its structure is transplantable and transparent.

Also can directly communicate and information interchange between the multi-purpose computer of the proprietary net of excellent machine or the automatic website by transmission medium.

The proprietary net of excellent machine greatly satisfies the demand of automatic website to information integration, is the fundamental unit that realizes new production model (as virtual manufacturing plant and automobile factory etc.).It provides a kind of concrete neutral machine-processed platform of website automatically that do not rely on, and is a kind of brand-new theory.It to multi-purpose computer, is sent to corresponding website automatically by it with command assignment by the network delivery production information again, and the control control panel is produced or used.

For in excellent machine or long-range certain the control panel working condition of monitoring in the automatic website, can on this control panel, camera be installed.Adopt network multimedia technology, can realize the real-time video issue in the proprietary net of excellent machine.

The proprietary net of excellent machine can fully be realized the wherein resource and the information sharing of system between each automatic website, adapts to the development mode of terminal technology fully.

The terminal of the proprietary net of excellent machine also needs to utilize software to make end fittingization, intelligent and embeddingization when hardware configuration is optimized.Utilize software, can increase intelligence the terminal of the proprietary net of excellent machine.The for example identification of the understanding of the identification of the identification of literal and input, Chinese speech and input, natural language and mechanical translation, figure and understanding, robot vision and computer vision etc.

The proprietary network termination of excellent machine can also merge the function of existing TV and microcomputer, makes it support various multimedia services.For example video conference, remote teaching, work-at-home, interactive game, tele-medicine, broadcasting in real time, demand (telecommunication) service etc.

Utilize the proprietary net of excellent machine to the reconfigurability of automatic website and the compatibility of data communication, can develop various automatic websites; Can carry out computer networking control to various automatic websites, and the key equipment of automatic industrial manufacturing line can supportingly be developed.

Existing dedicated network, because the problem that is difficult to overcome in the fund and the technical existence of private wide area network, and it is interconnected in dedicated network to lack a lot of electronic control devices, comprises user's access control apparatus.They normally are used for detecting dedicated network and obtaining needed data, and provide controlling mechanism to remove to manage relevant device.

3.2 set up the process of the abstract model (as mathematics model or graphical model etc.) of accurate description system features and behavior, be called modeling.

At the abstract model of descriptive system feature and behavior, the simulation test of use a computer labor system features and behavior is called emulation.Emulation is the process of the model of real system being carried out numerical experimentation.When implementing emulation, at first will be on the basis of the mathematical model of descriptive system the realistic model of formation object, and should set up the model that adapts with the emulation purpose.

In the proprietary net of excellent machine, Computer Simulation is by a kind of technology that the mathematical model to descriptive system is analyzed, research, numerical experimentation obtain real system information indirectly, is the process of the mathematical model of real system being carried out numerical experimentation.

To a specific input signal, by Laplace transform, ask for the output response of system, be called the time-domain analysis of system.

The proprietary net of excellent machine adopts computer emulation method, the nonlinear systems of analyzing various many inputs, the many outputs various complication systems of unifying, can in time domain, simulate parameter situation of change in the dynamic response of system under any input action and the system, have the cycle short, expense is low, the result waits accurately and reliably.

The step of electronics dynamic perfromance Computer Simulation can be used block representation (Figure 11).

Utilize simulation analysis of computer, control system dynamic property, the crucial needs: set up the mathematical model (modeling) of description control dynamic performance and select suitable algorithm establishment simulated program (software).Wherein modeling method has transfer function method, state-space method, power bond graph method etc.; Software development has MATLAB software, tool box TOOLBOX and Simulik emulation tool.

Mathematical model is exactly the mathematic(al) representation that concerns between descriptive system I/O variable and inner its dependent variable, and two kinds of methods are arranged usually: a kind of I/O of being describes, as the differential equation etc.; Another kind is internal description, is applicable to multivariable control system.

The mathematical model of setting up electronics has two kinds of methods: analytic approach and experimental method.The mathematical model of intelligent grid can be according to mechanics law, Ohm law and Kirchhoff's law; Set up the mathematical model of the various electronics of electric system, also want the law of correlation of applied fluid mechanics etc.

Electronics can be the synthesis of a kind of considerable system and complication system, and the factor that relates to is more, and some needs method by experiment go to set up mathematical model; Promptly go out the mathematical model of comparison near real system according to test data fitting.

Modeling comprises static modeling and dynamic modeling.Mainly dynamic modeling in the emulation system of electronics.

If electronics are very huge systems.Can be divided into each part little, that be easy to describe with it according to certain rule; Each fraction can be divided into littler part again, can both directly describe up to each fraction (element), and decomposable process just finishes.This technical scheme is called the decomposition overall approach.

4, proprietary net of the plurality of excellent machine of a unit (or its excellent machine) and/or website automatically, directly or by distinguishing machine, interconnected respectively with the internet, set up into the proprietary net of the excellent machine system wide area network in the thing net of this unit, be called the excellent machine system wide area network in the thing net, be called for short thing wide area network (Fig. 1).

The proprietary net of excellent machine can be independent multi-purpose computer, independent server, independent database server and separately automatic website etc.

The proprietary net of each excellent machine is all by distinguishing the control function of machine, both with the mutual logic isolation in internet in the thing wide area network; Make again between the proprietary net of each excellent machine and can utilize the internet interoperability.

The thing wide area network satisfies interactive application and stability requirement; Has interoperability; Can distinguish the different security requirements of each several part of a specifying information; The foundation structure that can use public-key authenticates and encryption key distribution.

The electronic control device of all the automatic websites in the thing wide area network and control device etc. can intercom mutually.The network model of this open high capacity two-way communication, can be between different automatic websites safe and reliable transmission information; Become dynamic, network structure real-time, interactive, plug and play of an information; And can be applicable to various new technologies, application and service etc. fast.

The thing wide area network can not only be realized Long-distance Control commercial production and video monitoring under internet environment; And can carry out remote software modification, fault diagnosis to multi-purpose computer or automatic website by the internet, realize team control.

If change the proprietary net of certain excellent machine or the automatically electronic control device of inside, website or control device etc.; Can not influence the performance of coupled thing wide area network.All computing machines, electronic control device or control device in the thing wide area network can be realized plug and play.

All hosts and their combination form all work on the software version of same network operating system and operation system in the proprietary net of excellent machine, and along with the upgrading of version increases business function in the proprietary net of excellent machine, the business to whole thing wide area network provides new function simultaneously.

Automatically the website obviously improves the returns of investment of whole automatic website by the real-time control of thing wide area network, makes the efficient of electronics and safety bring up to a brand-new level.

The thing wide area network is a kind of information operation mode of thing net; Comprise browser, server, client computer, database server, automatic website etc.

For the proprietary net of small-sized excellent machine, the program module of excellent machine can directly be inserted on the expanded function groove of the machine of distinguishing.Distinguish that machine and excellent machine merge into same.

The thing wide area network adopts digitizing, intelligentized multimedia remote supervisory system; Realization is by the qualitative leap of simulation monitoring to digital supervision.It can be sent to each node that this net relates to the signals such as video, audio frequency, alarm, control of monitoring; Can Remote etc.

The multimedia remote supervisory system (Figure 13) of thing net is made up of monitoring scene, transmission network and Surveillance center's three parts.

There are two kinds of working methods at the monitoring scene:

4.1 the main frame by the automatic website in the thing wide area network is monitored in real time to the different location, is applicable to closely monitoring.Video camera video captured signal both can real-time storage in the hard disk of this locality, also can be only for observing.Datacycle in the hard disk is deposited.

Alarm probe can dispose different types to satisfy multiple detection requirement, as infrared, smog, gate inhibition etc. according to on-the-spot needs.The alerting signal that the warning collecting unit transmits alarm probe collects and is uploaded to local treatment facility.Receive the report for police service behind the signal, local treatment facility is adopted a series of measures according to prior setting, as dials the police emergency number, the indication of video recording, light, closes the gate, turns on light etc.

4.2 set up Surveillance center by some main website automatically in the thing wide area network, the different location of each automatic website is monitored in real time, be applicable to remote monitor.Video camera video captured signal real-time storage and reaches Surveillance center's real time monitoring by the thing wide area network in the hard disk of this locality.

The warning message that the collecting unit of local side being reported to the police by local treatment facility collects is sent to Surveillance center by the thing wide area network.The on-the-spot control signaling that then transmits according to Surveillance center of monitoring is carried out the command format analysis, and carries out corresponding operation according to command context.

The key equipment of Surveillance center is a processing host in the thing wide area network, the image code stream decoding that its far-end with monitoring transmits through overcompression, and deliver to monitor; The voice codec of any one far-end of selective reception outputs to loudspeaker, and the acoustic coding that Surveillance center is descending sends selected any one far-end to, also can send sound to a plurality of far-ends with broadcast mode; It can also receive the warning message that far-end is uploaded simultaneously, passes on steering order to give remote processor equipment, the various device of control far-end etc.

By Geographic Information System, the map that Surveillance center can the display monitoring location information.The multimedia remote supervisory system of thing wide area network is video and digitized audio frequency, can many pictures of realization activity form, finish any separation, static deposit and video capture.Because transmission network is based on the digital communications network of LAN/WAN; Can realize point-to-point, a bit to multiple spot, multi-multipoint arbitrary network monitoring combination, and can satisfy the demand of catenet monitoring by setting up the security permission of different stage between network.

The multimedia remote supervisory system adopts modular manner in the thing wide area network, can expand; Can generate the multilevel monitor system that is complementary with it as required, and auxiliary with powerful software control.Therefore system can be from motion tracking, be recorded in all information that take place in the monitoring and store, carry out statistical classification, regularly finish output print work, realize fully automated management.

The existing dedicated network of the interconnected composition of each dedicated network at a distance that is distributed in must be rented expensive dedicated line.

(Virtual Private Network, VPN) technology are adopted " anti-port " technology to capture by hacker (HACK) to existing Virtual Private Network easily, intrude into the computing machine or the data equipment of fire wall back.Existing fire wall, attack that can't defending computer virus.

5, the excellent machine in the proprietary net of the excellent machine of each of a unit; The excellent machine of auxiliary dedicated networks such as the purchasing of raw materials and logistics transportation; The excellent machine of affiliate's internal network etc.; Directly or respectively by distinguishing machine, get up respectively, constitute a safe and reliable wide area network, be called the service integration wide area network of thing net, be called for short comprehensive network (Figure 10) with Internet connection.Comprehensive network constitutes the thing net with the electronics of its control.

Comprehensive network can be realized the user initiatively management and the decision-making of partner net.It can provide a user interface circuit, supports user's participation.This interface can be a various ways; Can be some simple indication and emergency warning lamps, also can be the interface of the concrete network interconnection.

The existing virtual network technology that outreaches is carried out illegal visit of enterprises information resources and deception for the address that outreaches network or dedicated network by camouflage, and is powerless; Also can't avoid the hacker to get around authentication and authentication scheme, the camouflage identity is destroyed existing inner computer and is connected.

The thing net can adopt a kind of multimedia remote supervisory system that turns to characteristics with digitizing, intelligence, realization is by the qualitative leap of simulation monitoring to digital supervision, and the video of monitoring, audio frequency, on-the-spot alarm can transfer to thing net each node in one's power with control signal; People can utilize the thing net to monitor, control long-range some or all place simultaneously in the different location; Control equipment such as The Cloud Terrace, camera lens simultaneously and obtain various alerting signals, carry out remote command.The thing net can the Remote electronics carry out operate as normal.

The thing net can be with multiple data acquisition unit with information collection function, as miniature comprehensive sensor system of video, audio frequency, vibration and temperature etc. etc., be integrated in common network, form the wired and/or wireless thing net of various different purposes and comprehensive thing net.

The thing net is omnipresent, can carry out information communication by the thing net whenever and wherever possible between people wherein, thing, the machine.

Thing net medium-long range is all identical with local resource, function and service, and their boundary does not exist.

The thing net can realize between each excellent machine network, dedicated network, the equipment interconnected, share and collaborative.

The thing netting gear is equipped with the ability of multicast (Multicast) and definition way flow coordination collection, supports the requirement of application-specific.For example video conference needs the multicast service, and interactive television (ITV) requires the asymmetric bandwidth of point-to-point services and downstream and upstream.

The thing net is supported the Streaming Media transmission mode: point-to-point (clean culture Unicast) or point-to-multipoint (multicast Multicast).

The thing net merges service technique field and networking technology area securely.It makes the electronics system depend on the control system of PC network; And merge and to become automatic service control, networking, as to satisfy widespread demand response etc. system.

The thing net has covered distributed electronic change system and relevant link thereof on the basis of open network and robotization control, and the height of guarantee information stream, transaction, logistics and Business Stream merges and unification.It is the electronics of building the professional and/or work of high-effect, low investment, safe and reliable, flexible strain on the PC network platform.

The thing net is to utilize the communication technology, control technology and network technology in essence, realizes the electronics system of robotization control.Professional automatic operation etc. is kept in its automatic adjusting by PC network, and the work that has reached each electronics is reliable more, the basic goal of economy, environmental protection.

Home network/user interface circuit provides a market-oriented interface circuit for the thing net.It is equivalent to the user's " intelligent body ".It can also add new service, as security monitoring.Home network can pass through accomplished in many ways, can be contained in any equipment (equipment that table meter, the gatherer, gateway or the user that close on provide) as user interface circuit.

Existing industrial wide frequency communication (BPL) technology also is not dissolved in the communication system of internet, is not used fully at user side yet.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 thing net (or computer network) structural representation.Each dedicated network that connects with same common network or the internet of automatically can be safely between the website forming with interoperability reliably are computer networks.The common constituent net of each electronics of computer network and control thereof.

Fig. 2 network backup automation scheme figure.Thing net system backup robotization solution can be born by the standby system in some main private or the automatic website.Standby system is made up of backup client, active and standby part of server, media server, redundant memory cell and backup management software etc.

Fig. 3 sensor construction synoptic diagram.It generally is made up of sensitive element, switching device and basic change-over circuit three parts.

Fig. 4 collecting unit hardware basic composition synoptic diagram.Sensor, preposition amplification, wave filter, switch, sampling/maintenance, analog to digital converter etc. are arranged.

Fig. 5 control module structural representation.It is interrelate by some accessory and Be Controlled object and adopt computing machine to obtain necessarily to control the device of purpose or specific control function.

Fig. 6 electronics structural representation.Form by control panel, industrial computer, PLC, servo-drive system, drive unit, checkout equipment etc.

The workflow diagram of Fig. 7 programmable controller.It mainly finishes the processing of six modules.

Fig. 8 Autonet station structure synoptic diagram.By a multi-purpose computer and some electronics etc.,,, connect mutually and the LAN (Local Area Network) formed by transmission medium according to physical topological structure (star, annular, tree-like or total linear etc.).It bears a part of task of producing or using respectively.

The proprietary anastomose composition of the excellent machine of Fig. 9.It is the excellent machine of Jiang Yitai, some multi-purpose computers, database, electronics, server, directly is connected the network of forming by network interface unit with cable; Have interoperability, portability, extensibility, Ke putting property of Shrink and plug and play feature.

Figure 10 comprehensive network structural representation.The proprietary net of some excellent machines by distinguishing machine, gets up with Internet connection respectively, just is built into comprehensive network.

Figure 11 Computer Simulation process block diagram.It is the process flow diagram of automatic system behavioral characteristics Computer Simulation process.

Figure 12 controls block diagram in the automatic website.Form by set-point assembly, comparing component, correction assembly, amplifier module, topworks etc.

Figure 13 multimedia remote supervisory system synoptic diagram.It is made up of monitoring scene, transmission network and Surveillance center's three parts.

Embodiment thing net is divided into the system of two difference in functionalitys and structure: electronics system and its PC network system of control.

The thing netting gear has and monitors automatic website (as infrared image etc.) and control each electronics in the automatic website.Its PC network can provide the optical signal of the health status of these electronics.Sort signal can be transferred to Surveillance center by the thing wide area network remote.The thing net can be analyzed high risk zone (even individual equipment), so that take urgent or interim measure.

The thing net can make system optimization and efficient operation, can collect and store the data of usefulness and use in the place and the time of needs.

The thing net organically combines automatic web technology, the communication technology and network management technology, and the intelligent interaction in all links of realization business and function makes operation, conveying and the use of information obtain optimal control.The electronics technology merges with network technology, conditions of demand that can real-time monitoring equipment.

PC network (Fig. 1) combines the proprietary net of excellent machine or the automatically safety and the service quality of website, and advantage such as the Internet architecture is simple and with low cost, has set up safe information channel.This system on the internet information transmitted through distinguishing machine encryption, end-to-end and authentication.This confidentiality, integrality and authenticity with regard to guarantee information.The machine of distinguishing can adopt various methods, makes the thing netting gear that the ability of opposing assault be arranged; Make the thing netting gear that functions such as anticomputer virus, encryption, complete survey and authentication be arranged.

Proprietary net of excellent machine and thing net with reference to International Organization for Standardization " open system interlink (Open System Interconnection, OSI) " reference model (Reference Model, RM); The actual internet hierarchical model (Internet Layering Model) that adopts.

The main frame of thing net, electronic control device, control device, automatic website etc. are for intercommunication mutually, the agreement of generally arranging and observing is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a TCP/IP) series.Automatically other procotol can be adopted in the inside of website.But the extraneous interface circuit of various automatic websites and excellent machine or distinguish that the interface circuit of machine must compatible Internet protocol.

The message exchange equipment of the proprietary net of excellent machine is to the definition unanimity of the logical construct of frame in the thing net, but with how the function of specific implementation frame is irrelevant.

Support the Routing Protocol interface if the machine of distinguishing is installed, can realize the function of router; Just can directly link to each other with the internet.It also has the module slot of extendable functions.The machine of distinguishing can have a plurality of computer interfaces and network interface, is connected with a plurality of different substances or excellent machine or the excellent machine network in the proprietary net of multiple excellent machine respectively.The machine effect of distinguishing is proprietary net of the excellent machine of logic isolation and internet.Its specific function does not allow virus to enter the proprietary net of excellent machine.

(Common Information Model is to determine the electronics parameter area value that control module allows when operate as normal CIM) to common information model.It is the important component part of collecting in the control module information process; It is the most important method of data verification; By definition, it gives electronics needed measured performance standard, impels control module to carry out the checking and the control of performance parameter then.

Electronics come down to be subjected to the production of multi-purpose computer control or the equipment of application etc.Utilize common information model and thing network technology, can test the duty of electronics at any time, in time find and warn the hidden danger that electronics/control panel exists, so that maintenance or processing.

(Intelligent Electronic Device IED) is in the electronics one type to intelligent electronic device.It can pass through the thing wide area network, carries out long-range effective monitoring.It supports the use of long-distance video.These videos can transmission electronic the health status of equipment, as temperature and infrared imaging.The data of electronics can be transferred into the more control zone.The result is: the test of increase will reduce the time of assessment apparatus state., under the electronics scheme, also can come true according to the routine maintenance of predicting.Utilize Surveillance center, can monitor more electronics simultaneously.

Wide-area communication is meant the exchanges data between automatic website and the keeper.The thing net can be collected from the automatically data and the information of website, is used to satisfy the keeper to the management of thing net quality etc.

Excellent facility have network address translation, and (Network Address Translation, NAT) program can be discerned Internet protocol (Internet Protocol, IP) address of each computer name in its network or computing machine.NAT converts the home address of computing machine in the proprietary net of excellent machine the IP address to and uses on the internet; Also shield the IP address of the proprietary net of excellent machine and play a protective role.NAT is the standard program of excellent machine.

Excellent machine has the interface of two kinds of isolation, a kind of details that is used for connecting the proprietary net of excellent machine and process information transmission and reception; Another kind is used for directly connecting the interface of another multi-purpose computer (distinguishing machine).Because the proprietary net of excellent machine directly is not connected with other networks, therefore can be to excellent machine sophistication, with efficient and the reliability that improves this network system.Excellent machine also has the module slot of extendable functions.

Distinguish the standard program of machine:

" program of scrutiny program " function: after the machine of distinguishing of source end or Su Duan receives cleartext information, information is checked, find after the random procedure or instruction code wherein, they are arranged in together, and temporarily be stored in the external storage, simultaneously the first road program or instruction be presented on the display screen of designated computer.If they are legal procedure or the instructions that allow its visit; Then when prompting occurring for the first time, select " all allowing later on " final election item, distinguish and can not inquire once more when machine is met these programs later on, and allow its visit.Do not answer within a certain period of time or selection " not allowing " final election item, the machine of distinguishing just abandons them.Source end and Su Duan distinguish this program of machine work; Can prevent that virus attack from distinguishing the network that organizational security protects.

" source end encipheror " function: unit source end is distinguished machine sends desire by the internet cleartext information back, adds the secret key of symmetric cryptography; With this data splitting input one-way hash function (Message Digest), draw hash (Hash) value (being called source end hashed value); Then source end hashed value is added in cleartext information (not comprising key) back, encrypt, become ciphertext with key; The Su Duan that at last this ciphertext seen off distinguishes machine.

" place end decrypted program " function: Su Duan distinguishes the cipher key shared that machine is arranged in advance with unit, and the decrypt ciphertext that receives is become expressly, obtains cleartext information and source end hashed value; Key is added in cleartext information (not comprising hashed value) back; With this data splitting, input is the one-way hash function of agreement in advance, obtains hashed value (being called place end hashed value); This place end hashed value is compared with the source end hashed value that receives; If these two hashed values are identical; Confirm that then this information distinguishes that from legal source end machine sends, accept this information; Otherwise abandon this information.

The simple approach of authentication (Authentication) is a password database of setting up a user name (or server) in distinguishing machine.

The machine of distinguishing passes through Access Control List (ACL), and (Access Control List ACL) carries out authentication.The username and password Database Lists is discerned dissimilar source end protected network (distinguishing that with it machine IP address is representative) identity simply.

Authorize (Authorization) to stipulate then what user name after obtaining this network qualification of visit, can do.

Authentication and mandate new method are to set up a user name, IP address, password and authorization privilege database.

Distinguish the machine Access Control List (ACL), be used for carrying out user name (referring to other enterprises, affiliate enterprise or remote client or tissue) authentication.This tabulation distinguishes that to dissimilar source ends (user name) password of machine IP address and user name carries out identification.The password that has only user name, IP address and user name with in this Access Control List (ACL) when identical, could guarantee to come into force based on the authentication of address.

Distinguish that facility have computing machine in the protected LAN (Local Area Network), be sent to the information of (perhaps receiving) another LAN (Local Area Network) computing machine of this enterprise, after the encryption (or deciphering), be transmitted to the standard program of internet (perhaps this LAN (Local Area Network)) etc.; It contains the program of processing information flow etc.

Two main frames of PC network (or thing net), as follows by safety (defending computer virus) communication (Fig. 1) of internet:

Source end computerized information in the network of PC network, in the time of being sent to the place end computing machine in another network, this information arrives the machine of distinguishing of source end earlier through the excellent machine of source end, is forwarded to (to be generally the internet) on the internet and to transmit; Arrive the machine of distinguishing of Su Duan, cleartext information passes through after " program of scrutiny program " carry out virus checking and handle herein, and cleartext information distinguishes that by Su Duan machine is transmitted to the excellent machine of place end; Through the network address translation program of the excellent machine of place end, send to the receiving computer in the proprietary net of the excellent machine of this place end.But this information transmission wall is exempted from attack and the infringement of virus to the proprietary net of excellent machine.

Between the computing machine, information is encrypted back safety and accurate communicate by letter following (Fig. 1) by Internet in two proprietary nets of protected excellent machine:

The source end distinguishes that machine is equipped with " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " etc., can encrypt various information, and only allow the information of the computing machine in this source end protected network, after encrypting, enters the internet.

Su Duan distinguishes that machine is equipped with " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " etc., can decipher the various information of coming in from the internet, and only allow the computerized information in the source-end networks of this unit or affiliate's appointment, after deciphering, enter into the receiving computer of this Su Duan.

" program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " integrate, and are installed on the machine of distinguishing.Corresponding selection can be made automatically when distinguishing machine work, the safe and secret on the internet transmission information of the machine of distinguishing can be guaranteed.

Distinguish isolation domain name (the Split Domain Name) technology of machine, the name server and the name server of distinguishing the machine network of the proprietary net of excellent machine are isolated, with the IP address of each main frame in the proprietary net of hidden excellent machine; Thereby further protect the proprietary net of excellent machine.

PC network has the opposing hacker attacks this net by the internet ability; In anticomputer virus, encryption, complete survey and the authentication of network, the machine of distinguishing can adopt various methods.For example:

The machine of distinguishing is equipped with " program of scrutiny program ", can prevent the attack of various computer virus.

The machine of distinguishing of " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " etc. is housed, can be at each layer of Internet protocol stack, particularly application layer adopts information encryption system, digital signature and access control policy; Guarantee information and safety of data transmission and accuracy on the internet.

The structure (Fig. 2) of the data backup system of proprietary net of excellent machine or automatic website can be made up of backup client, backup server, media server, redundant memory cell and backup management software etc.Backup just can be backed up the proprietary net of all excellent machines of thing net system as long as be provided with in the proprietary net of the excellent machine of part.For example Veritas NetBackup software adopts the level Four hierarchical structure, and centralized management adapts to multiple application structure.Its technical characterstic be flexible setting, disaster recovery, parallel processing, data reliable, easy to use, monitoring capacity etc. arranged.

1, electronics are according to the production of multi-purpose computer storage or the assembly routine of application, and perhaps its various functions are controlled and handled to the production of writing with ISO C standard etc. or the program and the data thereof of application.Owing to adopted multi-purpose computer, make many application that are difficult to realize or production function, can realize by software and hardware.It can improve the Performance And Reliability of electronics.Multi-purpose computer is the control core of electronics.

Electronics (Fig. 6) generally are made up of multi-purpose computer, programmable controller, servo-drive system, drive unit and equipment body etc.

Multi-purpose computer contains microprocessor, internal storage, various driver and I/O control device etc.It has computer operating system; The general employing more than the CPU16 position; More than the main frame frequency 5MHz; The storer of the above and enough capacity of internal memory 1MB is usually used in depositing the needed fix information of computing machine.

The common computer operations system be disc operating system (DOS) (Disk Operation System, DOS), UNIX/Linux, Windows etc.; The various basic functions of its control electronics.It can adopt multi-processor structure, except bearing tasks such as program input, data processing, control utility appliance and servo-drive system, and outside controlling in real time and managing; Also to handle the interruption that clock signal and fault-signal etc. causes.It can make the multiprogramming intersection carry out, handle as carrying out the data input in the free time of gating pulse output, various function subprograms had both been called, finish reading in and data processing work of next data segment, guarantee again in carry out producing or using the assembly routine input of next one production or application and ready.In case current production or application are finished, just begin the computing and the control of next task immediately.

Programmable controller is special in producing or the exploitation of site of deployment rugged surroundings, has the powerful input/output interface of greater functionality and towards engineering technical personnel's programming language.The difference of counting of PLC interface circuit.For example C28P has 28 points, 16 output interfaces and 12 input interfaces.

In the course of work of PLC (Fig. 7), mainly finish the processing of six modules.Begin to carry out from the self diagnosis module, software and hardware is carried out checksum test.After the end of test (EOT), if the PLC gauge tap has been dialled to the programing work mode, then enter the programmable device processing module, at this moment CPU gives programmable device with bus control right immediately, can be as required to operations such as PLC work carrying out in-service monitoring and modification control device working routines.After programmable device was finished work of treatment or reached the message exchange time of defined, CPU regained bus control right.After finishing the programmed processor module,, at this moment begin scanning and carry out this module if PLC has disposed the information exchange functions module.This module is mainly finished between PLC and the PLC, carry out message exchange between PLC and magnetic tape station, PLC and the electronics.

After handling with information exchange module and business module, PLC begins to carry out the time-out check module.If time scan period does not surpass the time of setting, then continue to carry out the next scan period.If surpassed, then CPU will stop to produce or using, and be reset to the I/O state, and change the shutdown scanning process over to after reporting to the police.When overtime or self diagnosis were made mistakes, PLC entered the error handling processing module, and reported to the police, shows mistake, handled accordingly simultaneously, stopped scanning process then.

Message exchange between PLC and the electronics divides both direction to carry out: a direction is that electronics send information to PLC, main information has various function codes: the information of preparatory function word code, subsidiary function word code and address character function word code etc., manually/and interrupt mode information, various function informations etc.Another direction is that PLC sends information to electronics, and main information has the response message of various function codes and the relevant reference information of electronics etc.

Industrial PLC can be used for program composition, editor, bug check and the professional supervision of electronics.It generally is independent dedicated IC chip, is connected with the CPU module by communication interface.When the Industrial PC Computer operate as normal, not necessarily need programmable device.For the ease of checking that each interface circuit all has pilot lamp.When interface circuit was connected, corresponding pilot lamp was shinny; During disconnection, pilot lamp extinguishes.The keeper can check the teasel root state of each point.

Servo-drive system is made of Drive and Control Circuit and servo hardware (or software) in the electronics (Fig. 6).It is connected with drive unit by interface circuit; Accept the instruction of industrial microcomputer and programmable controller simultaneously.Servo-drive system is according to the physical parameter and the servocontrol program of industrial microcomputer output, the various parameters and the error thereof of monitoring electronics, and change into the modify instruction of this parameter, and feed back to industrial microcomputer, correct the error that is produced by servo-drive system again.

Servo-drive system is divided into open loop servo-drive system, closed loop servo system and semiclosed loop servo-drive system by its control mode.In closed loop servo system and semiclosed loop servo-drive system, detecting instrument is housed also.The basic demand of servo-drive system is good stability, degree of accuracy height and fast-response.Its drive unit (or driving circuit) is that the command pulse that earlier industrial microcomputer and programmable controller is sent carries out power amplification, is converted into the required control signal form of drive unit (or driving circuit) then.This control signal is transferred to the executive component (the perhaps circuit of mechanical transmission component) of drive unit; Drive the associated electrical equipment and make corresponding operation and auxiliary movement, the application procedures of implementation procedure section regulation or the task of producing product.

Drive unit is transmission and the transition system between servo-drive system and the electronics.It is the forceful electric power coil of electronics circuit or the bearing that is performed machinery etc.The basic demand of drive unit is that reaction is flexible, degree of accuracy is high and dynamic response is good.

Servo-drive system is furnished with a cover drive unit; Produce or use by the associated components or the motor circuit of driving device controls electronics again.Drive unit is controlled the parts or the object of different electronics in the operational process of different electronics; And interface also may be different.Adopt standardization, unitized drive unit interface, can select servo-drive system flexibly for use.

PLC control electronics realize by designing corresponding program.In assembling and debug process at the scene, when needing to change steering logic, just needn't change external circuitry, need only the rewriting program and solidify again.Its program is revised a little and just be can be used for different controlling object or electronics.Therefore PLC not only can be used for the control of single device, and can be used among the control system of multiple devices.

Have to be directly used in the functional module that drives the forceful electric power coil in the output module of PLC, so it has stronger driving force, execution electric apparatus coil that generally can both the direct drive servovalve system connects or disconnects the forceful electric power circuit.

The mechanical executive component of servo-drive system or the interface of Drive and Control Circuit are connected with drive unit.It accepts the steering order of electronic control device or PLC.The Drive and Control Circuit of servo-drive system is that the command pulse that earlier electronic control device and PLC is sent carries out power amplification, is converted into the required control signal form of drive unit or Drive and Control Circuit then.This control signal is transferred to driving control device or mechanical transmission component circuit; Driving arrangement is implemented corresponding various production or application.

Subsystem in the electronics is relatively independent, and wherein mechanical hook-up, control panel and electrical apparatus interface all integrate.Because the control of various manufacturing procedures and the monitoring of equipment state are separately finished separately, electronics have very big dirigibility.In order to make between each subsystem interconnection and to be connected with watch-dog, the interface between each subassembly should have identical communication protocol, interface unit, lead-in wire divider, mechanical interface etc.

Digital servosystem has at a high speed, high precision, anti-interference and do not have characteristics such as drift.It makes the control of servosystem, realizes digitizing.Electronics generally come Control Servo System and drive to produce or application apparatus by Interface for digital communication and communication protocol.

1.1 robot, automatic production line, numerically-controlled machine, electronic appliance etc., all control panel of forming by apparatus body, framework, link and microcomputer etc.They also all are the electronics with functions such as specific machinery, application, productions.

The electronic object that multi-purpose computer is controlled by transmission medium is exactly control panel or electronics.If transmission medium is radio or microwave etc., they are exactly a kind of electronic object of remote control mode.

For certain mechanical part of making control panel along artificial any orbiting motion of determining, need to calculate the movement velocity and the direction of its each axis.This is the programming problem of a real-time multi-task.Mechanical part by analog or digital sensor and driver, is connected with microprocessor simultaneously.By driven by servomotor, its speed is then by the analog output signal control of microprocessor in the Cartesian coordinates of x, y, three linear independence directions of z.This system is exactly a kind of intelligent power-equipment.It decides the different function of intelligent power-equipment by different software.

Other function of control panel, for example the pneumatic machinery hand control of mechanical moving element is that operation by solenoid valve realizes.The pressure feedback of being experienced behind the mechanical arm extracting object produces a simulating signal, input microprocessor to pressure transducer.All these dissimilar signals all will pass through signal Processing, need with the interface of coupling microprocessor and mechanical arm.

The common software hardware resource of control panel, admissible, absorb and compatible traditional automation equipment, only need the extraneous standard interface circuit of coupling.

1.2 the electric weight (or other physical quantitys) of the sensing element of each sensor in thing net output changes along with the variation of the parameter value that production or application produced of control panel.This changing value is gathered by the real-time data acquisition unit, handle through linearization and quantification, realize the conversion of physical quantity, again data are screened to parameter value, draw the parameter value of the production or the application of each control panel, and be stored in the collecting unit by certain form; Also can in real time the parameter value of producing or use be presented on the computer screen simultaneously, and form in accordance with regulations is stored in the hard disk of computing machine.In time sight constantly, the parameter value of producing or use can also be deposited in the timing data file of prescribed form.According to producing or service needed, realize making preparations for sowing and produce or the editing and releasing of professional parameter value, form the form and the operating file of various productions or professional parameter value.

Detecting unit is made up of sensor, modulate circuit, translation circuit etc.Its input is the physical parameter of determining in the control panel, as intensity, displacement, pressure, speed, power (moment) and distortion etc.Its output is the characteristic parameter of measurand, as voltage, electric current, phase place, frequency etc.To the requirement of detecting unit, be exactly the time changing curve that reflects measurand without distortion.Here a series of technical indicators such as resolution, precision, the range of linearity, dynamic response have been comprised.

Sensor in the detecting unit (Fig. 3) is a kind of Parameters Transformation that will be measured (as displacement, power, temperature, pressure, concentration etc.) by it with certain degree of accuracy for device definite corresponding relation, that be easy to certain physical quantity (being generally electric weight) of accurately handling and measuring is arranged with it.Its effect is that the physical quantity with non-electricity is transformed into simulation electric weight (as voltage, electric current or frequency); For example thermopair, thermal resistance sensor can obtain temperature variant voltage; Speed probe can be converted to electric pulse etc. with acceleration-deceleration.

Can get along well sensitive element, switching device of basic change-over circuit is contained in the housing, but in the electronic box of packing into.But many sensors need could be exported the electric weight of being convenient to measure by basic change-over circuit, and the type of basic change-over circuit is relevant with the sensor of different operating principle.Therefore usually basic change-over circuit is as one of composition link of sensor.

Sensor internal detect be to intend in the sample of each sensor sample be and nonumeric and intend be but not a kind of detection of rate of change, but can carry out quality control at the check point the earliest of data processing.

According to testing goal and actual conditions, determine the proper property index of sensor by actual needs, can not pursue high target blindly.Too high as sensitivity, reliability will reduce etc.

The common software hardware resource of detecting unit, admissible, absorb and compatible traditional various detecting devices, only need the extraneous standard interface circuit of coupling.

1.3 collecting unit comprises the hardware and software two large divisions.Wherein hardware components (Fig. 4) can be divided into simulation part and numerical portion again.

The major function of collecting unit and universal computer interface is the analog quantity with the external world, and for example non electrical quantities such as pressure, flow, temperature, displacement, length, angle, rotating speed, vibration, sound, torque are converted to the numerical information that computing machine can be handled.The output form of sensor can be divided into analog quantity, digital quantity and switching value; Corresponding therewith have three kinds of interface modes: analog quantity interface (being made up of amplifier, multiway analog switch, sampling/retainer, A/D converter and I/O interface etc.) mode; Digital quantity interface (forming) mode by counter, three-state buffer and I/O interface etc.; Switching value interface (forming) mode by three-state buffer and I/O interface etc.

The major function of collecting unit and computer interface is the analog quantity with the external world, and for example non electrical quantities such as pressure, flow, temperature, displacement, length, angle, rotating speed, vibration, sound, torque are converted to the numerical information that computing machine can be handled.The output form of sensor can be divided into analog quantity, digital quantity and switching value; Corresponding therewith have three kinds of interface modes: analog quantity interface (being made up of amplifier, multiway analog switch, sampling/retainer, A/D converter and I/O interface etc.) mode; Digital quantity interface (forming) mode by counter, three-state buffer and I/O interface etc.; Switching value interface (forming) mode by three-state buffer and I/O interface etc.

The supply producer of collecting unit designs its hardware and software voluntarily, makes collecting unit have different software and hardware modules, different programming languages, multiple real time operating system, nonstandardized technique interface etc., brings the complicacy of using on going up and keeping in repair.

The common software hardware resource of collecting unit, admissible, absorb and compatible traditional various collectors, only need the extraneous standard interface circuit of coupling.

1.4 control module combines together control theory and computer technology.Sensing detection technology and technology are by means of computer aided technique, and technology such as employing artificial intelligence and expert system, form new type auto control technology.

With the device that some accessory and Be Controlled object interrelate, be exactly control module (Fig. 5).In closed loop servo system and semiclosed loop servo-drive system, detecting instrument is monitored production or application apparatus, gather the production in the control panel indirectly or directly or use actual parameter information, compare with the order parameter of this production or application requirements, by the closed loop principle, to be transferred to execution unit after its error conversion amplification, actual production or the application parameter of control reaches the predetermined parameters standard value range.

In case some production or application parameter value have departed from predetermined standard value range, servo-drive system feeds back to automaton with this parameter value, by relevant control device relevant Drive and Control Circuit is made corresponding adjustment, make the parameter of this production or application reach predetermined standard value range, produce or use and controlled timely thereby make, the requirement of producing or using is according to the rules carried out.

The integrated development environment of the embedded system in the control module generally adopts the cross-development method, the target machine that exploitation is attached thereto on UNIX or Windows host platform.But development environment comprises the micro-kernel real-time multi-task operating system of the cutting of oneself, the compiling on the main frame, instrument such as debugs, checks; And the fastening means that utilizes main frames such as serial ports, network, ICE and target machine.Their characteristics are to have various third-party developing instruments to select for use, as " logic analyser ", code tester instrument, source code analysis tool etc.; Support multiple 32 target machine architectures; The exploitation of support parallel multiprocessor can be accelerated product development rate greatly.

The common software hardware resource of control module, admissible, absorb and compatible traditional various controllers, only need the extraneous standard interface circuit of coupling.

(digital signal processor DSP) aims at signal Processing and designs digital signal processor, is the monolithic programmable processing integrated circuit chip that solves real-time processing requirements.Present DSP is in order to improve arithmetic speed, the general Harvard's formula structure that is different from general processor that adopts; Programmed instruction separates with the storage space of data, each has address and the data bus of oneself.This just makes processing instruction and data to carry out simultaneously, thereby has improved arithmetic speed greatly.Hardware multiplier and parallel multiplication are set in the digital signal processor, make its speed when carrying out the computing of multiplication and adding up of using always and so on faster.Its computing velocity reaches tens million of times of per second even fixes a point or floating-point operation for billions of times.

DSP uses flexibly, compares with general microcontroller, and its speed is faster, efficient is higher.This digital control integrated circuit chip can overcome the shortcoming of analog controller well, and have a unexistent advantage of a lot of analog controllers, and as: produce level and smooth reference signal in real time, brushless electric machine and induction motor are done vector controlled, high-resolution PWM output, adopted neural network and fuzzy logic control algorithm etc.

Electronics or control panel can directly adopt DSP or PC etc. according to the concrete condition of practical application.For example with the multi-purpose computer of single-chip microcomputers such as 8031,8051 as electronics.

Multi-purpose computer ROM (read-only memory) (EPROM) is used for storage operating system software; Random access memory (RAM) is used to store assembly routine or the production of writing according to ISO C standard or the function program of application, and intermediate result etc.The electronics interface circuit carries out information interchange for itself and multi-purpose computer, programmable controller, servo-drive system and detecting instrument etc.Its input keyboard can directly be imported program or data, and the information of input is presented on its display.The hardware configuration of electronics is divided into uniprocessor structure and multi-processor structure according to the quantity of CPU.

According to the multiple different concrete functions of electronics, electronics adopt corresponding multi-processor structure system.Each processor is born the work of treatment of a functional module generally speaking.A plurality of processors are worked simultaneously, finish corresponding real-time production or application task that assembly routine is assigned to electronics jointly.Adopt the method for this multiprocessor, Linux just can be extended to real-time control system.Simultaneously Linux can also compatible multiple hardwares platform, and can obtain source code.

The function of the diagnostic routine of electronics is can in time find the fault of system in producing or using, and points out the type of fault.Also can before producing or using or after the fault generation, whether the function of check system critical piece be normal, and point out the position of breaking down.

The electronics driver makes a plurality of processes access resources (as internal memory, I/O, interrupt source etc.) simultaneously, realizes multi-process production in real time or application.

Electronics are passed through the assembly routine of input etc., control and manage certain production or the application of automatic website, carry out this production or application etc.The electronics system software contains operating system, production or application function program (assembly routine, ISO C standard program etc.) and management system etc.Electronics have real-time processing and transmittability, support to produce or the data layout of application and the enforcement of driving arrangement automatically working.

2, observe (EIA) standard RS-232 of Electronic Industries Association or RS-485 etc., by the electronic control device in a multi-purpose computer and some the electronics, according to physical topological structure, short distance (line is in 15 meters) is linked together mutually, just constitutes automatic website (Fig. 8).

Automatically general employing the in website all directly is connected the electronic control device in all electronics on the multi-purpose computer.This is a kind of Star topology (star topology) structure (Fig. 8).According to specific circumstances, can also adopt annular, tree-like or total network topology structure such as linear.

On the connecting line of RS-232 definition, the website signal can transmit on both direction simultaneously automatically, is exactly full duplex transmission (full duplextransmisson); If signal transmits on both direction in turn, be exactly half-duplex transmission (half duplex transmisson).

RS485, DCS personification have two layers of meaning, one deck be automatic website final use to as if the people, give automatic website with people's intelligence, emotion, human nature, realize machine integrated; Another layer is a mimic biology mechanism, produces various electronics products.

Automatically the common computer software in the website contains disc operating system (DOS) DOS or UNIX/Linux or Windows etc., Language Processing (as: program compiler etc.) and database and management system thereof etc.Automatically the website has the processing power of real-time multi-task, supports production or the data layout of using, and can in time transmit and handle specific tasks, and drives the enforcement of electronics automated production or application.

Multi-purpose computer generally adopts more than the CPU16 position; More than the main frame frequency 5MHz; The storer of the above and enough capacity of internal memory 2MB is usually used in depositing the needed fix information of computing machine, the electronics program of industrial quality data, production or application data, industrial tool data and the filing that needs as automated programming etc.Communication transmission media between it and the electronics is the passage of their transmission information.Rely on this passage, electronics are given in multi-purpose computer convey program and instruction.And electronics are returned or pass production back or application state and some other information are given multi-purpose computer.Connect with cable by interface circuit between them.

In automatic website, the hardware configuration of multi-purpose computer is divided into uniprocessor structure and multi-processor structure according to needed CPU quantity.

The uniprocessor structural system is by three parts such as central processor CPU, internal storage, input/output interface and their are connected the signal wire that (being generally bus) get up form.Has only a microprocessor in this system, the whole multi-purpose computer of centralized control, tasks such as the non real-time programming of time-division processing, management and I/O.

The multi-processor structure system forms by the microprocessor that is linked together by certain physical topology (star-like, ring-type, bus etc.) circuit, be no less than.Each processor is born the part of functions of multi-purpose computer.It can have independently production or application program, can pass through communication media circuit or shared storer and other processor exchange messages again, coordinates step, finishes the task that automatic website is born jointly.A plurality of processors can be worked simultaneously.Therefore the ability of the computing of website and processing in real time strengthens greatly automatically, can adapt to produce or use complicated and special requirement.

The Autonet station software can be divided into system software and application software.Multi-purpose computer can adopt the operating system software of DOS, UNIX/Linux or Windows etc.; The general Linux that adopts.

Common computer software is for the special software of realizing that the every function in automatic website is worked out, is also referred to as Control Software.It leaves among the EPROM of multi-purpose computer.The function setting and the controlling schemes of various automatic websites have nothing in common with each other, and mainly determine according to concrete requirement.

Automatically the basic function of website is made up of a plurality of functional modules; Different software configurations is also different with way to manage to the arrangement of these functional modules.Its feature is multitask and real-time, and the corresponding software technology that can adopt is that multitask is handled and multiple Real-time Interrupt Processing simultaneously.It is to make multi-purpose computer finish the identical or different work of two or more character at synchronization or in the same time interval that multitask is handled simultaneously.In the multiple Real-time Interrupt Processing system, interrupt management is mainly finished by hardware, and the software configuration of website then depends on the interrupt structure of system automatically.Automatically the every real-time task in website is arranged to other interrupt service routine of different priorities or height order execution according to priority in same interrupt routine.

Automatically the website can the control computer Aided Design (computer aided design, CAD), (computer aidedmanufacturing is CAM) with automated production or application such as production or application managements in computer-aided manufacturing.It formulates agreement to interface between each electronics.These agreements are from CAD and production or application management, be divided into CAM and production or use monitoring, comprehensively become and produce or application schedules, utilize each functional module to make an explanation then, form PLC and needed information of servo-drive system and data, the servo and topworks of automatic website is controlled.

The input data processor function of multi-purpose computer: receive or program that establishment is produced or used, production or the application instruction that program is represented with standard code and data are deciphered, data processing, and assembly routine and data form are in accordance with regulations deposited.Wherein loading routine mainly contains two tasks, and one is to produce or use from the input of optical mark reader or keyboard, programs and it is left in the task program storer; Another is from the task program storer production or application program to be accessed piecemeal outward, sends into buffer zone, so that decoding is used.

Software, automatic programming software and the assistant software thereof of application software for producing or using, for example CAD/CAM software etc.It need could be related with computer hardware by the system software of automatic website.In automatic programming software, press the input mode of programming information, can be divided into: batch processing mode automated programming and man-machine conversation formula automated programming.

Automatically the identical or different work of two or more character can at one time or be finished in the website in the same time interval.This need carry out multi-task parallel to each functional module of common computer software and handle.For this reason, can in the common computer software design, adopt the resource timesharing to share parallel processing and the overlapping flowing water parallel processing technique of resource.

Communication transmission media between multi-purpose computer and the electronics is the passage of their transmission information.Rely on this passage, multi-purpose computer transmits through the program of compiling and instruction and gives electronics.And electronics are returned or transmit production or application state and some other information are given multi-purpose computer.Connect with interface circuit between them.

Automatically control generally all has following basic function (Figure 12):

The set-point assembly is a control device of setting the set-point of controlled volume; Comparing component compares controlled volume and the specified rate that is detected; Determine departure by proofreading and correct assembly by certain rule; Amplifier module is expanded into deviation signal the signal that is applicable to topworks's work; Affact controlling object.Detection ring is saved in the detection controlled volume, and is converted into the physical quantity unified with specified rate.

Automatically website and control panel are the basis of thing net, are applicable to industry-by-industry in the industrial circle.It passes through closely serial line interface such as RS485 or RS-422 with the electronic control device in the electronics of one group of difference in functionality, forms various types of productions or uses series; Carry out the several data exchange with multi-purpose computer.Automatically extensive and VLSI (very large scale integrated circuit) are used in the website, can reduce the failure rate of automatic website significantly.It also has the fault diagnosis system of artificial intelligence (AI) function simultaneously, promptly various failure causes and the method for disposal thereof that brainstrust is grasped is stored in the database as knowledge base, with the knowledge base is according to developing software, analyze and search failure cause, proposing the method for fixing a breakdown.

3, the proprietary net of excellent machine (Fig. 9) depends on topology of networks.Excellent facility have microprocessor and storer, and input button, display etc. are housed.Its storer is divided into data-carrier store (EEPROM), working storage (RAM) and program storage (EPROM) etc.Excellent machine deposit network operating system (Network Operating System, NOS).It controls the resource of the proprietary net of excellent machine, operates the operation of the proprietary net of excellent machine; And can concurrent a plurality of automatic websites.

Excellent machine generally adopts more than the CPU32 position; More than the main frame frequency 20MHz; Internal memory 8MB is above and be furnished with the storer of enough capacity.It is the core of the proprietary net of excellent machine, has network operating system software, manages the communication between each automatic website, manages the resource of automatic website and to the use of these resources.Excellent machine generally adopts wavelength-division, time-division or control in real time; Have processing power multi-functional, multitask, support to produce or the data layout of application task, can in time transmit and handles specific tasks, and drive the enforcement of working in the automatic website of automatic website control.

The multi-purpose computer of each automatic website couples together by the communication transmission cable of network interface unit and the proprietary net of excellent machine, and making between any multi-purpose computer can both be safely, reliably intercommunication and can share the proprietary net resource of excellent machine (Fig. 9) mutually.

NetWare386 has made full use of the microprocessor performance of Intel microcomputer series, is the industrial standard of LAN (Local Area Network).It is a multitask, many network operating systems; Be installed on the excellent machine.Automatically shell (NetWare Sell) program of website internal memory NetWare intercepts the services request of automatic website, and is judged.If to the visit of this automatic website, just request is given the general-purpose computer processes of automatic website; If, then request is delivered to excellent machine to the request of excellent machine, handle by excellent machine, again the result is sent back to the electronic control device of automatic website.

Each multi-purpose computer of the proprietary net of excellent machine or the electronic control device in the electronics also can directly communicate with business information by transmission medium and exchange.It can also to the transmission various information implement security hierarchical managements: for some the part paragraph in the information, can also carry out corresponding safety encipher according to its different safe class.

(Network File System NFS) allows application program to open a telefile to the network file system(NFS) of the proprietary net of excellent machine, moves to an assigned address hereof, and begins to read and write data in this position.

The analysis that emulation technology is used to produce or use designs, need set up model by the requirement of modeling, and, check that Autonet stands in various true process and the danger in producing or using by the behavioral trait that status tracking or simulation to corresponding model obtain actual production or application.Simulation method can be used for each stage of each automatic website production or Application Design, combine with model experience mathematics, produce or applicable cases by simulation, obtain emulation production or application data, with the correctness of check control routine and the accuracy of production or application.

The thing net utilizes simulation analysis of computer, control system dynamic property (Figure 11); Parameter situation of change in the dynamic response of system and the system can simulated in the time domain under any input action.Its concrete steps: set up the mathematical model of describing existing system or intending using system dynamic characteristic; Mathematical model is converted into the model (differential equation of first order or difference equation) that is fit to Computer Simulation; Select for use suitable algorithm (as establishment m file of imperial lattice-Ku Tafa) or the m file that adopts the thing net once to store; By Computer Simulation, the data or the curve of parameter variation of electron gain equipment dynamic process and response characteristic; The simulation result of the dynamic property by analyzing automatic system or carry out variable element emulation, the servo-drive system that is improved or intend improvement project with the dynamic property of system.The thing net combines simulation analysis of computer with the technology of electronics, realize the acquisition of the visual and electronics parameter of data analysis; And the safe and reliable work of electronics in the control thing net.

4, each distinguishes that machine is equipped with identical " program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " standard program etc. in the thing wide area network (Fig. 1).Distinguish that machine all can monitor the information that passes in and out the proprietary net of excellent machine for every, and refusal is illegally to the visit of internal institution network.

The machine of distinguishing generally adopts more than the CPU32 position; More than the main frame frequency 20MHz; Above and the enough storeies of internal memory 8MB.Each distinguishes that machine can be equipped with standard program and identical " to unit authentication and authoring program " program, and these distinguish the Access Control List (ACL) that each Hostname (perhaps address) in each the IP address table of distinguishing machine and the proprietary net of each excellent machine is all arranged in the machine.Distinguish that machine all can monitor the information of the proprietary net of excellent machine of turnover internet for every, and refusal is illegally to the visit of internal institution network.Thing wide area network for having the proprietary net of numerous excellent machines satisfies interactive application and stability requirement; Can have interoperability; Can distinguish the different security requirements of a concrete file; The foundation structure that can use public-key authenticates and encryption key distribution.

For the proprietary net of small-sized excellent machine, the program module of excellent machine can directly be inserted on the expanded function groove of the machine of distinguishing.It is excellent machine and distinguish that machine directly merges.

The thing wide area network satisfies interactive application and stability requirement; Has interoperability; Can distinguish the different security requirements of each several part of a concrete file; The foundation structure that can use public-key authenticates and encryption key distribution.

Just in case the thing wide area network suffers malicious attack on the internet, also only distinguish the machine paralysis, can't have influence on the proprietary net operate as normal of excellent machine wherein.

The machine of distinguishing also can be visited in all external worlds of detail record; Prevent the unauthorized access of external information on the internet simultaneously.It makes extraneous excellent machine or automatic website for the visit of the proprietary net of excellent machine, can only concentrate on the machine of distinguishing earlier.This just guarantees proprietary all the online excellent machines of excellent machine or the reliable and safety of automatic website.The machine of distinguishing also allows coupled excellent machine, by the internet, transmits and receive the enciphered message of the proprietary net of other excellent machines of native system.

The machine of distinguishing can adopt message authentication codes, and (message authentication code, MAC) technology is encoded to the transmission data, guarantees to be subjected to the information integrity of malicious attack.Its typical encoding mechanism is cryptographic hash (cryptographic hashing) mechanism.

The working method of the multimedia remote monitoring on-the-spot (Figure 13) of thing net has two kinds.Wherein the main frame of local side can need not to add image splitter; Monitor a plurality of mobile pictures (its quantity is set as required) simultaneously.The video pictures that is recorded in the hard disk has higher sharpness, and the ratio of compression of image is adjustable.Be stored in picture playback at any time in the hard disk, search, image modulation etc., can connect printer simultaneously; Also can retrieve.The time and the length of catching image can be set in software, and can the branch different situations when unmanned, the period carries out different system's settings, and takes different treatment measures.Local host is equipped with camera control unit.

For the proprietary net of excellent machine among the thing wide area network, the miscellaneous service that may handle is placed in online storage (OnStore) equipment at present, guarantees to read at any time these information.For taking precautions against contingent data disaster, use offline storage (OffStore) equipment to these professional data backup storages.

Use virtual store (Storage Virtualization) backup management software, a transparent storage system can be provided.According to the instruction of the proprietary net of excellent machine, automatically the inactive data automatic archiving under the archival back-up catalogue is backuped in nearline storage (NearStore) equipment, the historical data automatic archiving is backuped in the offline storage equipment.

5, the machine of distinguishing of the thing wide area network of affiliate's the machine of distinguishing of identical " program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " standard program and " to unit authentication and authoring program " etc. and industrial enterprise is housed in the comprehensive network (Figure 10), the capital is monitored the information that passes in and out the proprietary net of excellent machine, and the illegal visit to the thing wide area network of refusal.

Each distinguishes machine, the machine of distinguishing that is connected with the network of affiliate's appointment in the comprehensive network, identical " program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " standard program and " to unit authentication and authoring program " program are housed, and these distinguish the Access Control List (ACL) of each Hostname (perhaps address) in the network that each IP address table of distinguishing machine and the proprietary net of excellent machine and affiliate's appointment are all arranged in the machine.Distinguish that machine all can monitor the information of the proprietary net of excellent machine of turnover comprehensive network for every, and refusal is illegally to the visit of internal institution network and affiliate's network.

The machine of distinguishing that is connected with the proprietary net of excellent machine of unit, " program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " etc. are housed, can decipher the various information of coming in from the internet, and only allow the information of the computing machine in the source-end networks of the proprietary net of the excellent machine of other source ends of this unit or affiliate's appointment, after deciphering, enter into the receiving computer of the proprietary net of the excellent machine of this place end.

The machine of distinguishing that is connected with the network of affiliate's appointment, " program of scrutiny program ", " source end encipheror " and " place end decrypted program " etc. are housed, can decipher the various information of coming in from the internet, and only allow the computerized information in the proprietary net of the excellent machine of source end of this unit, after deciphering, enter into affiliate's the excellent machine of place end, be transmitted to receiving computer again.

Claims (10)

1. a typical electronic equipment comprises elements such as equipment body, electric power and driving, topworks, sensing detection, multi-purpose computer; Come the transmission of realization information, function control, energy conversion etc. by Interface Matching between them; And an integrality that organically permeates, order, purpose, correlativity and open system;

Electronics are introduced electronic technology in the traditional machine or equipment, utilize signals such as sensor production, application or mechanical motion, with information input single-chip microcomputer or the integrated circuit (IC) chip that detects, obtain to realize expecting the control signal of the specific function of producing or using after the treated and computing, control the production, application, motion of electronics etc. thus;

If require electronics to change mode of motion or specific function, just do not need to change its any structure and electronic circuit, just can change its function neatly as long as revise software;

Electronics generally are made up of industrial microcomputer, programmable controller, servo-drive system, drive unit and equipment body etc.;

The hardware configuration of industrial microcomputer also can contain and be no less than one microprocessor; Each processor can move stand-alone program, bears the function of certain equipment in the electronics; Can pass through connection line or shared storer and other microprocessor exchange messages again, coordinate step, control other equipments;

Electronics are interconnected and can be connected with watch-dog in order to make between its each equipment, and the interface between these equipment should have identical communication protocol, interface unit, lead-in wire divider and logic signal levels; Mechanical interface also is a standard simultaneously;

The hardware of electronics has modularization and open characteristics, if when improving their performance, only needs to increase functional module;

Utilize the flexibility of industrial microcomputer generality of hardware and software, the operating system of employing industrial microcomputer realizes the control technology of electronics, software that can integrated different suppliers provides and the networking needs that are suitable for each system, and have advantage with hardware independent.

With Computer Control Units (or equipment) such as traditional industrial PLC, DSP, servo-drive system, drive unit and production equipments, increase extraneous standard interface circuit; Just can make it be transformed into electronics.

2. that form by parts such as apparatus body, framework, connection and material and by the equipment with functions such as specific application or productions of multi-purpose computer control, be exactly control panel;

Mechanical moving element is generally arranged in the control panel, can adopt electronic technology to make moving component realize flexibility and intellectuality;

The signal of the I/O that control panel is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the requirement of its extraneous circuit; This equipment can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O;

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of control panel; But the extraneous interface circuit of various control panels must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

3. but the device of the multi-purpose computer that can detect and convert to processing signals to the every physics or the chemical parameters of control panel control is exactly a detecting unit; Its main task is that own and extraneous various parameters and state (non electrical quantity) required in control panel production or the application detected and convert to the electric signal that definite corresponding relation is arranged with measured parameter, be transferred to computing machine by the information modulate circuit and handle, be converted to relevant control information after by analysis;

The signal of the I/O that detecting unit is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of its extraneous circuit; This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O;

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of detecting unit; But the extraneous interface circuit of various detecting units must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

4. collecting unit is after the various parameters of control panel are suitably changed by various sensing elements, through steps such as signal condition, sampling, quantification, coding, transmission, to be sent to the device that multi-purpose computer carries out data processing or stored record at last again;

Collecting unit is monitored the various productions of control panel or the parameter of application at any time, as position, speed, torque, pressure, temperature etc.; It selects respective sensor that these physical quantitys are converted into electric weight, passes through shaping, amplification, coupling, the conversion of information acquisition interface again, becomes the acceptable signal of microcomputer and passes to microcomputer;

The signal of the I/O that collecting unit is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of its extraneous circuit; This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O;

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of collecting unit; But the extraneous interface circuit of various collecting units must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

5. can order about the control system that control panel automatically moves or produces according to predetermined scheme, be exactly control module;

The signal of the I/O that control module is external all will be handled through its extraneous interface, to mate the interface needs of extraneous circuit; This system can also have keyboard and display device, as the interface of digital signal I/O;

Different computer operating systems and connection line etc. can be adopted in the inside of control module; But the extraneous interface circuit of various control modules must compatible Internet protocol (IP), so that with internet, excellent machine or distinguish that the standard interface circuit of machine etc. is complementary.

6. by the electronic control device in multi-purpose computer and several electronics etc., according to the physical topological structure of network (total star, annular, tree-like or linear etc.), connect the LAN (Local Area Network) of formation mutually by the transmission medium short distance, be exactly automatic website;

Adopt automatic web technology, as long as multi-purpose computer both satisfied the IP agreement, its interface is complementary with the external interface of the LAN (Local Area Network) of existing automatic control station again; Automatically the precious resources of existing various automated arms just can either be inherited in the website, guarantees the utilization of existing resource; Can formulate simultaneously the unified standard of software again, guarantee the standardization of software, hardware, communication, networking easily is for expansion is in the future allowed some leeway;

Automatically collecting and distributing type and two kinds of architectures of bus type are generally adopted in the website; Collecting and distributing type is concentrated each sensor signal of gathering and handling decentralized configuration of collecting unit by being core with CPU; Bus type is to articulate each sensor signal that decentralized configuration was gathered and handled to various functional modules (plate) by bus;

6.1 automatic both artificial input data of website also can be to all the range estimation project or the artificial observation project of automatic monitoring are edited; And import, store or carry these information;

Hardware is made up of collecting unit, system power supply, communication interface and peripherals (computing machine, printer etc.) etc.; It can discern and carry out the specific instruction of supplier, code and program up to specification etc.;

Software has acquisition software and business software; Simultaneously all right configuring computer for operation system software and remote monitoring software etc.;

6.2 the multi-purpose computer (generally adopting industrial control computer) in the website can carry out automated programming, and control the work of each control panel of corresponding electronics automatically; Simultaneously in using or producing, the website generally also needs the various parameters of each control panel in the electronics are tested with each switch and controls automatically;

General-purpose computing system software contains operating system software, database and management software thereof, Language Processing (programming and the program compiler) software of automatic website etc.;

Rely on communication port, multi-purpose computer transmits through the function program of each control panel of the electronics of compiling and instruction and gives each control panel of electronics; And each control panel of electronics returns the information of its production or application to multi-purpose computer;

6.3 automatically OO modular design can be adopted in the website, makes the function wide coverage of automatic website, tailorability strengthens, and is convenient to satisfy the demand of different control panels; Automatically the website has adaptive control and the automatic systematic function of technological parameter; Can be according to the variation of each parameter in electronics, Automatic Optimal is carried out production run, thereby reaches the life-span of boosting productivity, increase electronics and ensure the quality of products; It can set up with industrial physical parameter etc. be support, have intelligentized expert system and instruct commercial production;

6.4 automatically the intellectuality of website shows electronics fault self-diagnosis function and mode identification technology, makes the automatic website can own identification figure and technology, produces or uses according to natural language instructions; As long as can describe the mathematical model in certain control panel whole production cycle, the quality of production of each control panel just can be controlled in the website automatically, and realizes standardization;

6.5 automatically the website have follow-up of quality system, analogue simulation system and and quality certification system etc.; They guarantee the safe and reliable work of each control panel in the automatic website, guarantee that product quality does not cause variation because of automatic website; Stabilized quality (or performance brilliance) is first core technology;

Emulation technology is carried out static state or dynamic similation by multi-purpose computer to the production of each control panel, thereby predicts or estimate the behavior effect of this control panel, for decision-making provides information and foundation; Efficient modeling (or virtual work) is second core technology;

Automatically control----feedback can be implemented each link of producing in each control panel; Accurately work is the 3rd core technology;

6.6, technology such as computer real-time technology, network technology, multimedia technology, CAD/CAM technology, servocontrol, adaptive control, dynamic data management, dynamic compensation, dynamic simulation are melted into a whole, constitute the production closed-loop control system, can realize integrated, the intellectuality and networked of information in the automatic website;

6.7 control in real time can be divided into " firmly " real-time and " soft " real-time two kinds in the website automatically; Whether both difference are to use special hardware to guarantee that automatic website produces response accurately to specific incident; Automatically the website can be monitored the working condition of electronics in real time, eliminates suspicious hidden danger before fault takes place as far as possible; Also can the isolated fault zone when accident takes place, the diffusion of prevention accident;

Sensor is sent to control system with needed information in traditional control system, and is handled by control system, sends to control device again; These control system can be converted to control module according to specific circumstances; This just can make full use of the resource of existing control system;

Automatically the website is implemented comprehensive automation monitoring and management by control device/electronic control device to electronics, to reach the purpose of safety, reliable, economic and energy saving; For owner and user provide good operation and living environment, and make each application or production equipment in the electronics be in optimum condition all the time, guarantee the economy producing or use and the intellectuality of management;

6.8 enforcement Bluetooth technology in website has short distance, low cost etc. automatically, makes up self-organizing network especially easily, to realize sharing information between portable calculating/communication facilities, the intelligent terminal etc.; Be particularly suitable for the network that founds a family;

Electronic appliance, portable computer kind equipment etc. can be realized intercommunication and data sharing mutually by wireless network card, comprise following several form:

I control panel, portable terminal are formed wireless automatic website by radio access point, wireless network card, wireless hub etc., can realize work-at-home functions such as transmission such as file or image and personal information management; And, realize remote data transmission and shared by internet access facility;

Between the auxiliary device of II electronics and its computing machine, can utilize infrared, Bluetooth technology realization wireless connections, realize point-to-point communication;

Also can adopt Bluetooth technology to form self-organizing network between the III electronic appliance, as connection between DVD, sound equipment, TV, the telepilot and control; Communicate the switching of mode etc. between mobile phone, wireless phone and the base etc.;

The IV electronic appliance has from detecting and self-diagnostic function; Can control by network remote; Can check meter to water, electricity automatically; The intellectuality of realization household electrical appliances.

7. with an excellent machine, some multi-purpose computers, client computer, database, server, electronic control device and automatic website etc., adopting network topology structure, by the internet that medium (wired or wireless) is connected and forms, is exactly the proprietary net of excellent machine;

The proprietary netting gear of excellent machine has interoperability, portability, extensibility, Ke putting property of Shrink and plug and play feature; It generally is with the distributed principle that is controlled to be, the control structure of employing system, subsystem and module stagewise; Its structure is transplantable and transparent;

Also can directly communicate and information interchange between the multi-purpose computer of the proprietary net of excellent machine or the automatic website by transmission medium;

The proprietary network termination of excellent machine can also merge the function of existing TV and microcomputer, makes it support various multimedia services; For example video conference, remote teaching, work-at-home, interactive game, tele-medicine, broadcasting in real time, demand (telecommunication) service etc.

8. the proprietary net of the plurality of excellent machine of a unit (or its excellent machine) and/or automatically website, interconnected respectively directly or by distinguishing machine with the internet, set up into the proprietary net of the excellent machine system wide area network in the thing net of this unit, be exactly the thing wide area network;

The proprietary net of excellent machine can be independent multi-purpose computer, independent server, independent database server and separately automatic website etc.;

The proprietary net of each excellent machine is all by distinguishing the control function of machine, both with the mutual logic isolation in internet in the thing wide area network; Make again between the proprietary net of each excellent machine and can utilize the internet interoperability;

The thing wide area network satisfies interactive application and stability requirement; Has interoperability; Can distinguish the different security requirements of each several part of a specifying information; The foundation structure that can use public-key authenticates and encryption key distribution;

The electronic control device of all the automatic websites in the thing wide area network and control device etc. can intercom mutually; The network model of this open high capacity two-way communication, can be between different automatic websites safe and reliable transmission information; Become dynamic, network structure real-time, interactive, plug and play of an information; And can be applicable to various new technologies, application and service etc. fast;

The thing wide area network can not only be realized Long-distance Control commercial production and video monitoring under internet environment; And can carry out remote software modification, fault diagnosis to multi-purpose computer or automatic website by the internet, realize team control;

If change the proprietary net of certain excellent machine or the automatically electronic control device of inside, website or control device etc.; Can not influence coupled thing wan performance; Calculate mechanical, electrical sub-controller spare or control device in the thing wide area network, can realize plug and play;

All hosts and their combination form all work on the software version of same network operating system and operation system in the proprietary net of excellent machine, and along with the upgrading of version increases business function in the proprietary net of excellent machine, the business to whole thing wide area network provides new function simultaneously;

Automatically the website obviously improves the returns of investment of whole automatic website by the real-time control of thing wide area network, makes the efficient of electronics and safety bring up to a brand-new level;

For the proprietary net of small-sized excellent machine, the program module of excellent machine can directly be inserted on the expanded function groove of the machine of distinguishing; Distinguish that machine and excellent machine merge into same.

9. the thing wide area network adopts digitizing, intelligentized multimedia remote supervisory system; Realization is by the qualitative leap of simulation monitoring to digital supervision; It can be sent to each node that this net relates to the signals such as video, audio frequency, alarm, control of monitoring; Can Remote etc.;

9.1 the main frame by the automatic website in the thing wide area network is monitored in real time to the different location, is applicable to closely monitoring; Video camera video captured signal both can real-time storage in the hard disk of this locality, also can be only for observing; Datacycle in the hard disk is deposited;

9.2 set up Surveillance center by some main website automatically in the thing wide area network, the different location of each automatic website is monitored in real time, be applicable to remote monitor; Video camera video captured signal real-time storage and reaches Surveillance center's real time monitoring by the thing wide area network in the hard disk of this locality.

10. the excellent machine in the proprietary net of the excellent machine of each of a unit; The excellent machine of auxiliary dedicated networks such as the purchasing of raw materials and logistics transportation; The excellent machine of affiliate's internal network etc.; Directly or by distinguishing machine, getting up with Internet connection respectively, constitute a safe and reliable wide area network, is exactly comprehensive network;

Comprehensive network can be realized the user initiatively management and the decision-making of partner net; It can provide a user interface circuit, supports user's participation; This interface can be a various ways; Can be some simple indication and emergency warning lamps, also can be the interface of the concrete network interconnection;

The thing net can adopt a kind of multimedia remote supervisory system that turns to characteristics with digitizing, intelligence, realization is by the qualitative leap of simulation monitoring to digital supervision, and the video of monitoring, audio frequency, on-the-spot alarm can transfer to thing net each node in one's power with control signal; People can utilize the thing net to monitor, control long-range some or all place simultaneously in the different location; Control equipment such as The Cloud Terrace, camera lens simultaneously and obtain various alerting signals, carry out remote command; The thing net can the Remote electronics carry out operate as normal;

The thing netting gear is equipped with the ability of multicast and definition way flow coordination collection, supports the requirement of application-specific; For example video conference needs the multicast service, and interactive television (ITV) requires the asymmetric bandwidth of point-to-point services and downstream and upstream;

The thing net is supported the Streaming Media transmission mode: point-to-point or point-to-multipoint;

The thing net can be with multiple data acquisition unit with information collection function, as miniature comprehensive sensor system of video, audio frequency, vibration and temperature etc. etc., be integrated in common network, form the wired and/or wireless thing net of various different purposes and comprehensive thing net.

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