CN105182547B - A kind of method and device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter - Google Patents

A kind of method and device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter Download PDF

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CN105182547B
CN105182547B CN201510677701.3A CN201510677701A CN105182547B CN 105182547 B CN105182547 B CN 105182547B CN 201510677701 A CN201510677701 A CN 201510677701A CN 105182547 B CN105182547 B CN 105182547B
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vector
fourier lense
computed hologram
birefringent polarizing
fourier
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CN105182547A (en
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国承山
程振加
王本义
谢言
谢一言
岳庆炀
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Shandong Normal University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0988—Diaphragms, spatial filters, masks for removing or filtering a part of the beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of method and device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter, the device is arranged on computed hologram on the front focal plane of the first fourier lense, birefringent polarizing beam splitter is arranged between the front focal plane of the first fourier lense and the first fourier lense, filtering apertures are arranged on the back focal plane of the first fourier lense, and second fourier lense is placed between filtering apertures and output face；This method is with a planar light beam or Gaussian beam irradiation computed hologram, converted through the light beam of computed hologram through birefringent polarizing beam splitter and the first fourier lense, aperture is filtered after filtering again, second fourier lense is passed through by the light beam of filtering apertures again, required vector beam is obtained at output face.The present invention need not insert any other element between computed hologram and birefringent polarizing beam splitter, and the extinction ratio of two orthogonal polarization components of generated vector beam can be made to be better than 10‑5, obtain high-quality vector beam.

Description

A kind of method and device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter, belong to vector light Beam technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, increasing research starts to be related to the vector beam of polarization state space non-uniform Distribution, because people Find this vector beam have some even polarizations scalar field not available for special nature (referring to document 1-4). The special nature of vector beam super-resolution focus imaging (referring to document 5 and 6), surface phasmon excited (referring to text Offer 7 and 8), the field such as optical micro-manipulation (referring to document 9-12), Laser Micro-Machining (referring to document 13 and 14) show that its is important Actual application value.
Because most commodity lasers are merely able to export the laser of simple mode, therefore how they are transformed into tool simultaneously The vector beam for having specific polarization distribution and specific COMPLEX AMPLITUDE turns into a problem in many practical applications.To solve this One problem people have done a lot of work and have proposed many realization means.These approach are broadly divided into based on normal optical The static conversion technology (referring to document 15-17) of element and the dynamic translation technology (ginseng based on program-controlled spatial light modulator See document 18-33).And the latter can be dynamically program control more interesting and be used widely due to having the advantages that.Produce and appoint Meaning vector beam is usually required while regulating and controlling the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE of two orthogonal polarisation states.Document 5 and document 18-21 are employed Two independent SLM reach this purpose；And the system that document 22-31 is used can then be realized by one SLM and one Binary channels polarization separation and the optical system of restructuring are constituted.
Recently, document 32 and document 33 propose two kinds of any vector beam generation methods based on wollaston prism and Device, but document 33 method be only used for generate some special vector beams, for example polarize whirlpool；And the method for document 32 Then need to insert non-polarizing beamsplitter in the optical path, so that capacity usage ratio is substantially reduced.
In summary, how to generate any vector beam using simple method and apparatus high efficiency is still technology neck A domain problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The above and document be：
The Q.Zhan of document 1., " Cylindrical vector beams:from mathematical concepts to applications,"Adv.Opt.Photon.1,1-57(2009).
Document 2. R.Dorn, S.Quabis, and G.Leuchs, " Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,"Phys.Rev.Lett.91(23),233901(2003).
Document 3. H.Wang, L.Shi, B.Lukyanchuk, C.Sheppard, and C.T.Chong, " Creation of a needle of longitudinally polarized light in vacuum using binary optics," Nat.Photonics 2(8),501-505(2008).
Document 4. X.L.Wang, J.Chen, Y.Li, J.Ding, C.S.Guo, and H.T.Wang, " Optical orbital angular momentum from the curl of polarization,"Phys.Rev.Lett.105 (25),253602(2010).
Document 5. F.Kenny, D.Lara, O.G.Rodr í guez-Herrera, and C.Dainty, " Complete polarization and phase control for focus shaping in high-NA microscopy," Opt.Express 20(13),14015-14029(2012).
Document 6. W.Chen and Q.Zhan, " Diffraction limited focusing with controllable arbitrary three-dimensional polarization,"J.Opt.12(4),045707 (2010).
The Q.Zhan of document 7., " Evanescent Bessel beam generation via surface plasmon resonance excitation by a radially polarized beam,"Opt.Lett.31(11),1726-1728 (2006).
Document 8. K.J.Moh, X.-C.Yuan, J.Bu, S.W.Zhu, and B.Z.Gao, " Radial polarization induced surface plasmon virtual probe for two-photon fluorescence microscopy,"Opt.Lett.34(7),971-973(2009).
Document 9. T.A.Nieminen, N.R.Heckenberg, and H.Rubinsztein-Dunlop, " Forces in optical tweezers with radially and azimuthally polarized trapping beams," Opt.Lett.33(2),122-124(2008).
Document 10. Y.Kozawa and S.Sato, " Optical trapping of micrometer-sized dielectric particles by cylindrical vector beams,"Opt.Express 18(10),10828- 10833(2010).
The D.B.Ruffner and D.G.Grier of document 11., " Optical Forces and Torques in Nonuniform Beams of Light,"Phys.Rev.Lett.108(17),173602(2012).
The M.I.Marqu é s of document 12., " Beam configuration proposal to verify that scattering forces come from the orbital part of the Poynting vector,” Opt.Lett.39(17),5122-5125(2014).
Document 13. M.Meier, V.Romano, and T.Feurer, " Material processing with pulsed radially and azimuthally polarized laser radiation,"Appl.Phys.,A Mater.Sci.Process.86(3),329-334(2007).
Document 14. K.Lou, S.X.Qian, Z.C.Ren, C.Tu, Y.Li, and H.T.Wang, " Femtosecond Laser Processing by Using Patterned Vector Optical Fields,"Sci.Rep.3,2281 (2013).
K.C.Toussaint Jr, S.Park, J.E.Jureller, the and N.F.Scherer of document 15., " Generation of optical vector beams with a diffractive optical element interferometer,”Opt.Lett.30(21),2846-2848(2005).
Document 16. G.Machavariani, Y.Lumer, I.Moshe, A.Meir, and S.Jackel, " Efficient extracavity generation of radially and azimuthally polarized beams," Opt.Lett.32(11),1468-1470(2007).
Document 17. M.Beresna, M.Gecevicius, P.G.Kazansky, and T.Gertus, " Radially polarized optical vortex converter created by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass,"Appl.Phys.Lett.98,201101(2011).
Document 18. R.L.Eriksen, P.C.Mogensen, and J.Gl ü ckstad, " Elliptical polarisation encoding in two dimensions using phase-only spatial light modulators,"Opt.Commun.187,325-336(2001).
Document 19. D.Maluenda, I.Juvells, R.Rodr í guez-Herrera, and A.Carnicer, " Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane,"Opt.Express 21(5),5424-5431(2013)
Document 20. W.Han, Y.Yang, W.Cheng, and Q.Zhan, " Vectorial optical field generator for the creation of arbitrarily complex fields,"Opt.Express 21(18), 20692-20706(2013).
Document 21. Z.Y.Rong, Y.J.Han, S.Z.Wang, and C.S.Guo, " Generation of arbitrary vector beams with cascaded liquid crystal spatial light modulators,"Opt.Express 22(2),1636(2014).
Document 22. X.L.Wang, J.Ding, W.J.Ni, C.S.Guo, and H.T.Wang, " Generation of arbitrary vector beams with a spatial light modulator and a common path interferometric arrangement,"Opt.Lett.32(24),3549-3551(2007).
Document 23. X.L.Wang, Y.Li, J.Chen, C.S.Guo, J.Ding, and H.T.Wang, " A new type of vector fields with hybrid states of polarization,"Opt.Express 18(10), 10786-10795(2010).
Document 24. H.Chen, J.Hao, B.F.Zhang, J.Xu, J.Ding, and H.T.Wang, " Generation of vector beam with space-variant distribution of both polarization and phase,"Opt.Lett.36,3179(2011).
Document 25. I.Moreno, C.Iemmi, J.Campos, and M.J.Yzuel, " Jones matrix treatment for optical Fourier processors with structured polarization,” Opt.Express 19,4583(2011).
Document 26. S.Liu, P.Li, T.Peng, and J.Zhao, " Generation of arbitrary spatially variant polarization beams with a trapezoid sagnac interferometer," Opt.Express 20(19),21715-21721(2012).
Document 27. I.Moreno, J.A.Davis, T.M.Hernandez, D.M.Cottrell, and D.Sand, " Complete polarization control of light from a liquid crystal spatial light modulator,"Opt.Express 20(1),364-376(2012).
The J.H.Clegg and M.A.A.Neil of document 28., " Double pass, common path method for arbitrary polarization control using a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator,"Opt.Lett.38(7),1043-1045(2013)
Document 29. C.S.Guo, Z.Y.Rong and S.Z.Wang, " Double-channel vector spatial light modulator for generation of arbitrary complex vector beams,"Opt.Lett.39 (2),386-389(2014).
Document 30. Z.Chen, T.Zeng, B.Qian, and J.Ding, " Complete shaping of optical vector beams,"Opt.Express 23(14),17701-17710(2015).
Document 31. S.Fu, C.Gao, Y.Shi, K.Dai, L.Zhong, and S.Zhang, " Generating polarization vortices by using helical beams and a Twyman Green interferometer,"Opt.Lett.40(8),1775-1778(2015).
Document 32. C.Maurer, A.Jesacher, S.F ü rhapter, S.Bernet, and M.Ritsch-Marte, " Tailoring of arbitrary optical vector beams,"New J.Phys.9,78(2007).
Document 33. J.Xin, C.Gao, C.Li, and Z.Wang, " Generation of polarization vortices with a Wollaston prism and an interferometric arrangement," Appl.Opt.51(29),7094-7097(2012).
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the problem of presence for existing vector beam generation technology, to propose a kind of simple and easy to apply, energy The method that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter of high-quality vector beam is enough obtained, while providing a kind of realize The device of this method.
The method that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter of the present invention, is comprised the following steps：
(1) computed hologram is prepared：
1. computed hologram is designed：Any vector beam to be produced is resolved into two orthogonal polarization components first and divided The amplitude and phase distribution of the two orthogonal polarization components are not obtained；Then using computed hologram coding method (such as correct from Axle interference calculating holographic coding method) amplitude of the two orthogonal polarization components and phase distribution are separately encoded it is different to two Diffraction direction on；
2. the computed hologram designed is prepared；
The computed hologram designed can be prepared by conventional optics micro fabrication, will directly can also be set A spatial light modulator that the computed hologram sample counted is exported by computer interface is realized.
(2) computed hologram of preparation is placed on to the front focal plane of the first fourier lense, in the first fourier lense A birefringent polarizing beam splitter is placed between front focal plane and the first fourier lense, is put in the back focal plane of the first fourier lense Filtering apertures are put, second fourier lense is placed between filtering apertures and output face；
(3) with a planar light beam or Gaussian beam lighting calculation hologram, through computed hologram light beam through first Fourier lense is converted, then aperture is filtered after filtering, the spatial frequency domain form of the vector beam required for obtaining；Pass through filtering The light beam in aperture passes through the second fourier lense again, and required vector beam is obtained at output face.
Coding in the step (1) is carried out as follows：
Wherein：
T (x, y) is the complex amplitude transmittance function of computed hologram；
a0And a1For the constant more than 0, j is imaginary symbols；
uxAnd uyThe complex amplitude of respectively two orthogonal polarization components (﹡ is conjugation thereon).
xα=d tan (α), be through computed hologram two mutual dislocations being produced at output face of light field as Magnitude of misalignment, the two are horizontal linear polarization light as one, and one is perpendicular linear polarization light, and d is birefringent polarizing beam splitter and meter The distance between hologram is calculated, 2 α are the splitting angle of birefringent polarizing beam splitter；
kα=2 π sin (α)/λ, are the spatial frequency component of the light of lighting calculation hologram in the y-direction, and 2 α are that birefringence is inclined Shake the splitting angle of beam splitter, and λ is the wavelength of the illumination light.
The device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter of the above method is realized, using following technical side Case：
The device, including computed hologram, birefringent polarizing beam splitter, two fourier lenses, filtering apertures and output Face, computed hologram is arranged on the front focal plane of the first fourier lense, and birefringent polarizing beam splitter is arranged on the first Fourier Between the front focal plane of lens and the first fourier lense, filtering apertures are arranged on the back focal plane of the first fourier lense, in filter Second fourier lense is placed between wave hole footpath and output face.
Computed hologram can be prepared by optics micro fabrication, can also be directly output to a space light modulation Device.
Birefringent polarizing beam splitter can be that the fierce prism of a wollaston prism or Lip river or one are simple double Reflect micro- angle beam splitter prism.
The radius R of the filtering apertures is equal to or less than f sin α, wherein 2 α are the splitting angle of birefringent polarizing beam splitter, F is the focal length of fourier lense.
The present invention it is simple and easy to apply, due to need not be inserted between computed hologram and birefringent polarizing beam splitter it is any its Its element, so as to make the extinction ratio of two orthogonal polarization components of generated vector beam be better than 10-5, can obtain high-quality Vector beam.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention；Fig. 1 (b) is the specific light path and coordinate system of apparatus of the present invention Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 (a) realizes optical field distribution schematic diagram at the spatial frequency spectrum face P2 of system for the present invention, during Fig. 2 (b) is system Remove the optical field distribution schematic diagram at the P2 of the spatial frequency spectrum face after BBS.
Fig. 3 (a) is the overall strength distribution map of the vector beam obtained at system output face P3；Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c) and Fig. 3 (d) is respectively then the 45 degree of direction polarized components, level (x directions) polarized component and vertical (y of produced vector beam Direction) polarized component intensity distribution；Fig. 3 (e) and Fig. 3 (f) are two orthogonal polarization components (levels of the vector beam respectively Polarization and vertical polarization) and a linearly polarized light interference pattern.
Embodiment
The present invention does not need complicated light path based on the device that birefringent polarizing beam splitter produces vector beam, and required Optical element it is also very simple, 4f space filtering imaging optical path systems are employed, shown in such as Fig. 1 (a), it is only necessary to routine Computed hologram (CGH), birefringent polarizing beam splitter (BBS), two fourier lense (first fourier lense Lens1 With the second fourier lense Lens2) and a filtering apertures (FA), any optics member need not be inserted between CGH and BBS Part.Such as Fig. 1 (b), computed hologram (CGH) is placed on the first fourier lense Lens1 front focal plane P1, birefringent polarizing beam splitter (BBS) it is placed between the first fourier lense Lens1 front focal plane P1 and the first fourier lense Lens1, filtering apertures (FA) It is placed on the first fourier lense Lens1 back focal plane (namely spatial frequency spectrum face) P2.Between filtering apertures and output face Place second fourier lense Lens2.Birefringent polarizing beam splitter (BBS) can be the fierce rib of a wollaston prism or Lip river Mirror or a simple micro- angle beam splitter prism of birefringence.
Birefringent polarizing beam splitter BBS assume be a splitting angle be 2 α birefringence wollaston prism, the prism with The distance between CGH is d.To simplify the analysis, it is assumed that the focal length of two fourier lenses (Lens1 and Lens2) is f.Simultaneously By the way that output face P3 coordinate and input face P1 (namely front focal plane P1) coordinate reversely is eliminated into light field through in two Fu The sign change that the secondary Fourier transform of leaf lens is produced.
As can be seen that due to inserting birefringent polarizing between the first fourier lense Lens1 and CGH from Fig. 1 (a) Beam splitter (BBS), the light field through CGH produces the picture of two mutual dislocations at output face P3, and one is level (along x-axis) line Polarised light, another is vertical (along y-axis) linearly polarized light, and the magnitude of misalignment of two pictures is equal to xα=d tan (α).
Assuming that the complex amplitude transmittance function of the CGH at input face P1 is t (x, y)；The incident light for illuminating CGH is line Plane of polarization light, its polarization direction and x-axis are into θ0Angle.In order that the vector beam finally produced is along optical axis, if illumination light Spatial frequency component in the y-direction is kα=2 π sin (α)/λ, λ are illumination light wavelength.Do not consider at the P2 of spatial frequency spectrum face first Filtering apertures FA, now the output light field at output face P3 can be expressed as following Jones vector form：
Wherein, E0For the amplitude of incident light, j is imaginary symbols；C1 and C2 is two constants less than 1, is respectively intended to table Levy efficiency of transmission of the CGH to two orthogonal polarisation states.For the CGH of an isotropic, C1 is generally equal to C2；In such case Under, the polarization direction angle θ of incident light0It could be arranged to 45 degree.If CGH for anisotropic (for example：Adjusted with liquid crystal spatial light Device processed exports CGH), C1 is typically not equal to C2；Adjustment angle θ can now be passed through0Make C1 cosθ0=C2 sinθ0.So, (1) Formula can be reduced to：
Because a random two-dimensional vector beam is decomposed into two orthogonal polarization components, the complex amplitude of the vector beam Distribution can be used to lower Jones vector to represent：
Wherein uxAnd uyFor two respective complex amplitudes of orthogonal polarization components, (ax,ay) andThen be respectively two just Hand over the amplitude and phase of polarized component.Using the polarization imaging characteristic of light path shown in Fig. 1 (b), the vector light of generation can will be intended The complex amplitude u of two orthogonal polarization components of beamxAnd uyProgress is encoded to two of computed hologram (CGH) not after suitably translating With in diffraction direction, and appropriately sized carrier frequency is set, so that its corresponding diffraction is again when with appropriate illumination optical illumination CGH Now as polarization superposition can just be realized in output face.For example, in the coordinate system shown in Fig. 1 (b), can be by uxAnd uyCoding To with x-axis respectively into+45 degree and -45 spend diffraction directions on and make component of its carrier frequency along x-axis be respectively exp (jkαX) and exp(-jkαx)；uxAnd uyCoordinate translation amount be respectively+xαWith-xα.Such diffraction light passes through birefringent polarizing beam splitter BBS After filtering apertures FA, the vector beam shown in formula (3) can be just produced on output face P3.
By taking conventional modified off-axis interference-type computed hologram (CGH) as an example, the CGH in the present invention can enter as follows Row coding：
Wherein a0And a1For the constant more than 0.Why computed hologram CGH is so encoded, be because when such a When hologram is put into the input face P1 of light path shown in Fig. 1, the output light field at system output face P3 will have following form：
Formula (6) can be derived by bringing (5) formula into (2) formula.By the visible Section 2 therein of formula (6) just It is exactly required vector beam.
Despite the presence of some unnecessary items in formula (6), but these unnecessary items can be by way of space filtering Eliminate, because the spatial frequency spectrum of the light field shown in formula (6), that is, its light field on the spatial frequency spectrum face P2 of system point Cloth is just proportional to the Fourier transform of formula (6), i.e.,：
Wherein, ξ0=η0=f sin α, F { } represent Fourier transformation computation,WithRespectively complex amplitude uxAnd uySky Between frequency spectrum, δ () represents that Di draws and writes number.Fig. 2 (a) gives the spatial spectral distribution schematic diagram shown in formula (7).And Fig. 2 (b) it is then if spatial spectral distribution when not placing birefringent polarizing beam splitter BBS in light path on the P2 of spatial frequency spectrum face shows It is intended to.From Figure 2 it can be seen that radius R≤f sin α filter is placed in the position that need to be only indicated in Fig. 2 (a) by broken circle All other unwanted item in wave hole footpath FA, formula (6) in addition to Section 2 can be blocked by filtering circular hole FA, and only The Section 2 of vectorial field needed for producing is allowed to pass through.
According to theory analysis above, the method that the present invention produces any vector beam, specific implementation step is：
(a) Jones vector or the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE u of its orthogonal polarization components for the vector beam for intending producing are providedx(x,y) And uy(x,y)。
(b) according to the computed hologram of (5) formula design, wherein parameter setting is kα=2 π sin (α)/λ and xα=d tan(α)。
(c) CGH designed is placed at the input face P1 of system shown in Figure 1, and with a clinoplain light beam or height This light beam irradiates.
(d) the radius R filtering apertures (FA) for being equal to or less than f sin α are placed on the spatial frequency spectrum face P2 of system Section 2 position in correspondence formula (7), thus only allow to should the light of Section 2 can be by filtering apertures (FA).It is logical Required vector light can be obtained by the second fourier lense Lens2 at output face P3 again by crossing the light of filtering apertures (FA) Beam.Second fourier lense Lens2 is used only to produced vector beam being converted into it on computed hologram (CGH) Distribution form；Lens Lens2 can remove in many practical applications.
The feasibility of the present invention is further demonstrated by experiment.In experiment, incident light wave used is wavelength 632.8nm's Laser.The birefringent polarizing beam splitter (BBS) of use is that a splitting angle is about 2 α=0.25 ° calcite wollaston prisms, The BBS to input face P1 distance is d ≈ 25mm.The focal length of two fourier lenses used is f=300mm.Experiment is produced Raw vector beam is vector Laguerre-Gauss (LG) light beam, and its Jones vector is：
Wherein
In formula, (r, θ) is polar coordinates, i.e.,θ=tan-1(y/x)；CnmFor normaliztion constant, ω0For beam Wide parameter,For Laguerre polynomials, m and n are integer.LG light beams are a kind of typical optical eddies, and the optical eddy is opened up Core is flutterred equal to integer m.Then there are two cross-polarization swirl components in vector LG light beams, and two cross-polarization swirl components Topological charge can take different values.
Fig. 3 show the vector beam example tested and produced using the inventive method.The design of the vector beam of this in experiment Parameter is：ux=U1,4(x, y) (correspondence parameter n=1 and m=4) and uy=U2,1(x, y) (correspondence parameter n=2 and m=1).Fig. 3 (a) it is the overall strength distribution of the vector beam obtained at system output face P3.Fig. 3 (b), (c) and (d) are respectively then produced 45 degree of direction polarized components of vector beam, the intensity point of level (x directions) polarized component and vertical (y directions) polarized component Cloth.For the phase distribution characteristic of two orthogonal polarization components further disclosing the vector beam, Fig. 3 (e) and Fig. 3 (f) are also It sets forth two orthogonal polarization components (horizontal polarization and vertical polarization) of the vector beam and doing for a linearly polarized light Relate to pattern.The fringe distribution feature of the interference pattern shows that its horizontal polarisation component is topological kernel m=4 optical eddy, And the optical eddy of its vertical polarisation component then for a topological kernel m=1.The vector beam parameter and design of above-mentioned experiment generation Parameter is consistent.
It should be noted that the birefringent polarizing beam splitter BBS beam splitting angles used in above-mentioned experiment are not optimum value. The splitting angle of the BBS is bigger in theory, and the spatial resolution of the vector beam of generation can be higher.But the size of the splitting angle will be by To the limitation of the computed hologram CGH effective bandwidths employed in experiment.
It is of the invention with it is existing generation vector beam technology compared with, it is more simple and practical.Particularly in the present invention, in meter Other beam splitting and polarization converter device need not be inserted by calculating between hologram CGH and birefringent polarizing beam splitter, therefore is easier Integrated and application, the extinction ratio of two orthogonal polarization components of produced vector beam can be less than 10-5, it is high-quality so as to generate Measure vector beam.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
（1）Prepare computed hologram：
1. computed hologram is designed：Any vector beam to be produced is resolved into two orthogonal polarization components first and asked respectively Go out the amplitude and phase distribution of the two orthogonal polarization components；Then it is using computed hologram coding method that the two are orthogonal partially Shake the amplitude of component and phase distribution is separately encoded onto two different diffraction directions；
2. the computed hologram designed is prepared；
（2）The computed hologram of preparation is placed on to the front focal plane of the first fourier lense, in preceding Jiao of the first fourier lense A birefringent polarizing beam splitter is placed between face and the first fourier lense, filter is placed in the back focal plane of the first fourier lense Wave hole footpath, places second fourier lense between filtering apertures and output face；In computed hologram and birefringent polarizing point Other elements are not inserted between beam device；
（3）With a planar light beam or Gaussian beam irradiation computed hologram, through computed hologram light beam through in first Fu Leaf lens transformation, then aperture is filtered after filtering, the spatial frequency domain form of the vector beam required for obtaining；Pass through filtering apertures Light beam pass through the second fourier lense again, required vector beam is obtained at output face.
2. a kind of device that vector beam is produced based on birefringent polarizing beam splitter, by computed hologram, birefringent polarizing beam splitting Device, two fourier lenses, filtering apertures and output face composition, it is characterized in that, it is saturating that computed hologram is arranged on the first Fourier On the front focal plane of mirror, birefringent polarizing beam splitter be arranged on the first fourier lense front focal plane and the first fourier lense it Between, filtering apertures are arranged on the back focal plane of the first fourier lense, and second Fu is placed between filtering apertures and output face In leaf lens.
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