CN105182409A - Speed model establishment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a speed model establishment method, comprising steps of obtaining a root-mean-square speed spectrum, picking up a first area root-mean-square speed from the root-mean-square speed spectrum, performing partitioning on a stratum of a work area according to the root-mean-square speed of the first area, obtaining the number of layers of the stratum and an initial depth and a gradient of each stratum, obtaining water speed of the work area, establishing a first speed model based on the water speed, performing pre-stack depth migration on the first speed model, obtaining a first interface of the work area, obtaining the second interface of the work area according to the first interface, with the second interface being an starting point, successively and downwardly calculate the layer speed of the first speed model based on the water speed of the work area, number of the layers of the stratum, initial depth of each stratum and the gradient, and embedding the first interface into the first speed model to obtain a second speed model. The speed model disclosed by the invention more accords with the geology rule, and improves the precision of the imaging depth.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to Seismic Data Processing Technique field, particularly a kind of velocity model building method.
Background technology
In the process of oil and gas exploration, usually need to carry out pre-stack depth migration process to geological data, to obtain the correct imaging of underground medium, and the key of rate pattern pre-stack depth migration often accurately.
In prior art, the method setting up rate pattern is usually as follows:
Obtain layer position and the root-mean-square velocity of work area time domain explanation; Calculate the interval velocity between each reflection horizon, work area according to described layer position and root-mean-square velocity, obtain initial velocity model; By time and depth transfer, successively convert the time domain layer position of initial velocity model to Depth Domain layer position from top to bottom, obtain velocity-depth model; Pre-stack depth migration is carried out to velocity-depth model, obtains common imaging point (CIP) road collection; According to described common imaging gather, tomography is adopted to revise interval velocity in described velocity-depth model and layer depth, to upgrade described velocity-depth model and to revise; Using renewal and revised velocity-depth model as final rate pattern.
Realizing in the application's process, inventor finds that in prior art, at least there are the following problems:
In the process asking for velocity-depth model, generally need to pick up wave impedance interface main in work area, and ask for the interval velocity at each wave impedance interface place.For each wave impedance interface, upwards this interval velocity of constant speed filling from this wave impedance interface, till arriving another adjacent wave impedance interface.Therefore, the rate pattern obtained by above-mentioned prior art usually presents step-like change on vertical, and this and formation velocity are generally continually varying geologic rule and do not conform to, thus affect the accuracy of imaging depth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a kind of velocity model building method, to make the rate pattern of foundation more meet geologic rule, improves the accuracy of imaging depth.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of velocity model building method to be achieved in that
A kind of velocity model building method, comprising:
Obtain the root-mean-square velocity spectrum in work area, from described root-mean-square velocity spectrum, pick up the root-mean-square velocity of first area, described first area is the region chosen in work area;
According to the root-mean-square velocity of first area, the stratum in work area is divided, obtain the stratum number of plies in work area and the initial depth on each stratum and gradient;
Obtain the water speed in work area, set up First Speed model based on described water speed;
Carry out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtain first interface in work area, described first interface is the interphase on water and stratum;
According to the second contact surface in the first acquisition work area, interface;
Take second contact surface as starting point, calculate the interval velocity of First Speed model based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient downwards successively, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtain second speed model.
The technical scheme provided from above the embodiment of the present application, the velocity model building method of the embodiment of the present application, First Speed model is set up based on water speed, then pre-stack depth migration is carried out to First Speed model, obtain first interface in work area, and according to the second contact surface in the first acquisition work area, interface, then be starting point with second contact surface, the interval velocity of First Speed model is calculated downwards successively based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtain second speed model.Compared with prior art, the velocity model building method of the embodiment of the present application is based on the interval velocity of the gradient calculation rate pattern on stratum, thus make rate pattern consecutive variations on vertical of setting up, more coincidently descend geologic rule, ensure that the accuracy of imaging depth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, the accompanying drawing that the following describes is only some embodiments recorded in the application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of velocity model building method of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is the matching rate curve schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is the first interface and the second contact surface schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is the first stratum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application third speed model before embedding first interface;
Fig. 5 is the first stratum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application third speed model behind embedding first interface;
Fig. 6 is the first stratum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application the 4th rate pattern;
Fig. 7 is the first stratum and the second stratum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application the 4th rate pattern;
Fig. 8 is the first stratum and the second stratum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application the 5th rate pattern;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application second speed model.
Embodiment
Technical scheme in the application is understood better in order to make those skilled in the art person, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, all should belong to the scope of the application's protection.
Introduce the embodiment of the application's velocity model building method below.As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment comprises following step:
S101: the root-mean-square velocity spectrum obtaining work area, from described root-mean-square velocity spectrum, pick up the root-mean-square velocity of first area, described first area is the region chosen in work area.
Described work area is generally the position of carrying out seismic prospecting, specifically can comprise the waters such as ocean, lake, river and reservoir.
Particularly, stack velocity analysis can be carried out to the common midpoint gather in work area, obtain stack velocity.The root-mean-square velocity spectrum in work area is calculated according to stack velocity.Then in work area, choose first area, and pick up the root-mean-square velocity of first area from root-mean-square velocity spectrum.Wherein, the representative region that can represent this work area tectonic characteristics in work area can be chosen.
In some embodiments, can when the interval velocity on stratum overturn and road collection is substantially evened up, the root-mean-square velocity of pickup first area.
S102: according to the root-mean-square velocity of first area, divides the stratum in work area, obtains the stratum number of plies in work area and the initial depth on each stratum and gradient.
The root-mean-square velocity of first area can have multiple.Can carry out curve fitting to multiple root-mean-square velocity, obtain matching rate curve.Such as, least square method or polynomial method can be adopted to carry out curve fitting.Then divide according to the stratum of flex point to work area of matching rate curve, thus obtain the stratum number of plies in work area and the initial depth on each stratum and gradient.Wherein, the initial depth on stratum is generally the interface, top on stratum or the bottom boundary degree of depth relative to sea level.
In some embodiments, the interphase on first area water and stratum can be obtained.With this interphase for benchmark, cross analysis is carried out to matching rate curve, then according to the flex point of matching rate curve below this interphase, the stratum in work area is divided, thus obtain the stratum number of plies in work area and the initial depth on each stratum and gradient.
Fig. 2 is matching rate curve schematic diagram.Wherein, the longitudinal axis represents the degree of depth, and transverse axis represents speed, and WB is the interphase on water and stratum.As shown in Figure 2, the degree of depth on stratum is darker, and the speed on stratum is larger.In fig. 2, according to the flex point of matching rate curve below water and strata interface, the stratum in work area can be divided into 5 layers, be respectively Layer-1, Layer-2, Layer-3, Layer-4 and Layer-5, the initial depth at interface, top, each stratum is respectively 0m, 500m, 900m, 2000m and 4000m, the gradient K on each stratum is generally the slope of matching rate curve on this stratum, is respectively 1.05,1.25,0.39,0.69 and 0.19.
S103: the water speed obtaining work area, sets up First Speed model based on described water speed.
In some embodiments, when work area is the waters such as ocean, lake, river and reservoir, the speed of water is generally constant.This constant can be obtained, and set up First Speed model based on this constant.Such as, to Yu Haiyang, the speed of water is generally 1500m/s.
In other embodiments, the water speed in work area can be gathered, and set up First Speed model according to the water speed gathered.
S104: carry out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtain first interface in work area, described first interface is the interphase on water and stratum.
Particularly, Kirchhoff (Kirchhoff) integral method can be adopted to carry out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtain the stacked section after offseting.
Usually, the speed of water is not identical with the speed on stratum, and the speed of water is generally constant.At the intersection on water and stratum, speed can have greatly changed.Therefore, the interphase on water and stratum can be obtained according to the situation of change of speed on stacked section, the interphase of acquisition is designated as the first interface.
S105: according to the second contact surface in the first acquisition work area, interface.
Usually, on the stacked section after skew, work area transversely each position first interface depth difference be larger.Such as, when work area is ocean, the first interface is generally seabed.The submarine topography at deep-sea is very complicated, and its depth difference can reach hundreds of rice and even go up km.Like this, generally there is acute variation in the horizontal according to the rate pattern that the violent seabed (i.e. the first interface) that rises and falls is set up, not too conform to the actual configuration situation on stratum, work area.Therefore, based on the first interface, the stacked section after skew can pick up comparatively mild second contact surface.
Particularly, in some embodiments, the minimum depth value at interface, work area first can be obtained, and using this minimum depth value as the first depth value.Preset value is added with the first depth value, obtains the second depth value.Obtain the position of interface depth between the first depth value and the second depth value, work area first, generate second contact surface according to the position obtained.Wherein, the size of preset value can set flexibly according to the mild degree of second contact surface to be generated.When requiring higher to the mild degree of second contact surface, what preset value can be arranged is less.When requiring lower to the mild degree of second contact surface, what preset value can be arranged is large.
In other embodiments, the minimum depth value at the first interface can be obtained, and using this minimum depth value as the first depth value, and obtain the maximum depth value at interface, work area first, using this maximum depth value as the 3rd depth value.According to the first depth value and the 3rd depth value determination superposition value, superposition value is added with the first depth value, obtains the 4th depth value.Obtain the position of interface depth between the first depth value and the 4th depth value, work area first, generate second contact surface according to the position obtained.Wherein, the size of superposition value can be determined flexibly according to the mild degree of second contact surface to be generated.When requiring higher to the mild degree of second contact surface, that superposition value can be determined is less.When requiring lower to the mild degree of second contact surface, that superposition value can be determined is large.
Fig. 3 is the stacked section obtained after carrying out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model.On this stacked section, determine the first interface according to the situation of change of speed on stacked section, and obtain second contact surface according to the first interface.
S106: take second contact surface as starting point, calculates the interval velocity of First Speed model downwards successively, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtain second speed model based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient.
Described second speed model is generally the rate pattern that the embodiment of the present application is finally asked for.
Particularly, stratigraphic division can be carried out according to the initial depth on the number of plies on stratum, work area and each stratum to First Speed model, and according to formula V
z=V
0+ K × Z calculates the interval velocity on each stratum in First Speed model from top to bottom successively, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtains second speed model.Wherein, V
zfor the interval velocity of current formation in First Speed model, K is the gradient of current formation, and Z is the degree of depth corresponding with interval velocity in current formation, V
0for above current formation and the interval velocity of the bottom boundary on the stratum adjacent with current formation, when there is no adjacent earth formations above current formation, V
0for the water speed in work area.Described current formation is generally the stratum calculated.
Further, calculating in the process of interval velocity on each stratum in First Speed model successively from top to bottom, after calculating the interval velocity of current formation, chromatography imaging technique is utilized to upgrade the interval velocity of current formation and bottom boundary, then calculate the interval velocity on stratum below current formation and adjacent with current formation, and the interval velocity of this adjacent earth formations and bottom boundary are upgraded.Wherein, after all CRP roads collection on current formation and stratum, top thereof is all evened up, the speed of current formation and overlying strata thereof that illustrates for optimum, thus completes the optimization of current formation.Described current formation is generally the stratum processed.
In some embodiments, second speed model can be obtained according to following mode:
(1) degree of depth at interface, work area first and the degree of depth of second contact surface is obtained, and the initial depth of the first Bottom surfaces of strata, described first stratum is generally the stratum with aqueous phase neighbour, and such as the first stratum can be stratum adjacent with seawater in ocean.
(2) in First Speed model, using the part between the second contact surface degree of depth and the first Bottom surfaces of strata initial depth as the first stratum, and according to formula V
z=V
0+ K × Z calculates the interval velocity on the first stratum in First Speed model, is then embedded in the first stratum of First Speed model at the first interface according to the degree of depth at the first interface, obtains third speed model, wherein, and V
zfor the interval velocity on the first stratum in First Speed model, V
0for the water speed in work area, K is the gradient on stratum, work area first, and Z is initial depth corresponding with interval velocity in the first stratum of First Speed model.Fig. 4 is the first stratum schematic diagram of third speed model before embedding first interface.Fig. 5 is the first stratum schematic diagram of third speed model behind embedding first interface.
(3) pre-stack depth migration is carried out to third speed model, and utilize chromatography imaging technique to upgrade the interval velocity on the first stratum of third speed model and bottom boundary, obtain the 4th rate pattern.Further, third speed model can be utilized to carry out pre-stack depth migration, obtain common imaging gather.Residual velocity analysis is done to described common imaging gather, picks up the error of each offset distance corresponding to each common imaging gather.Each offset distance can a corresponding raypath, therefore the error of each offset distance can be converted to the whilst on tour error of every bar ray, obtains degree of depth knots modification and the speed knots modification on the first stratum under whilst on tour error minimal condition.Finally utilize described degree of depth knots modification and speed knots modification to upgrade the interval velocity on the first stratum and initial depth, obtain the 4th rate pattern.Fig. 6 is the first stratum schematic diagram of the 4th rate pattern.
(4) obtain the initial depth of work area second Bottom surfaces of strata, described second stratum is stratum below the first stratum and adjacent with the first stratum.
(5) in the 4th rate pattern, using the part between the first Bottom surfaces of strata degree of depth of the 4th rate pattern and the second Bottom surfaces of strata degree of depth in work area as the second stratum, and according to formula V
z=V
0+ K × Z calculates the interval velocity on the second stratum of the 4th rate pattern, wherein, and V
zbe the interval velocity on the second stratum of the 4th rate pattern, V
0be the interval velocity of the first Bottom surfaces of strata of the 4th rate pattern, K is the gradient on stratum, work area second, and Z is the degree of depth corresponding with interval velocity in the second stratum of the 4th rate pattern.
(6) utilize the 4th rate pattern to carry out pre-stack depth migration, and utilize chromatography imaging technique to upgrade the interval velocity on the second stratum of the 4th rate pattern and bottom boundary, obtain the 5th rate pattern.Fig. 7 is the first stratum and the second stratum schematic diagram of the 4th rate pattern.Fig. 8 is the first stratum and the second stratum schematic diagram of the 5th rate pattern.
(7) interval velocity of interval velocity to N stratum on downward 3rd stratum of computing velocity model successively of the method similar with step (4), step (5) and step (6) is utilized, thus obtain final rate pattern, i.e. second speed model.Wherein, N is the stratum number of plies in step S102.Fig. 9 is the rate pattern schematic diagram finally obtained.
The velocity model building method of the embodiment of the present application, First Speed model is set up based on water speed, then pre-stack depth migration is carried out to First Speed model, obtain first interface in work area, and according to the second contact surface in the first acquisition work area, interface, then be starting point with second contact surface, the interval velocity of First Speed model is calculated downwards successively based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtain second speed model.Compared with prior art, the velocity model building method of the embodiment of the present application is based on the interval velocity of the gradient calculation rate pattern on stratum, thus make rate pattern consecutive variations on vertical of setting up, more coincidently descend geologic rule, ensure that the accuracy of imaging depth.
Further, by the rate pattern that the embodiment of the present application is set up, using the first interface as the starting point on stratum, the accuracy of water and stratum intersection speed can be guaranteed, starting point using second contact surface as stratum gradient, the violent fluctuating due to water and stratum intersection can be avoided to cause rate pattern acute variation in the horizontal, thus make the rate pattern set up compare and meet geologic rule.
Although depict the application by embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art know, the application has many distortion and change and do not depart from the spirit of the application, and the claim appended by wishing comprises these distortion and change and do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a velocity model building method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain the root-mean-square velocity spectrum in work area, from described root-mean-square velocity spectrum, pick up the root-mean-square velocity of first area, described first area is the region chosen in work area;
According to the root-mean-square velocity of first area, the stratum in work area is divided, obtain the stratum number of plies in work area and the initial depth on each stratum and gradient;
Obtain the water speed in work area, set up First Speed model based on described water speed;
Carry out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtain first interface in work area, described first interface is the interphase on water and stratum;
According to the second contact surface in the first acquisition work area, interface;
Take second contact surface as starting point, calculate the interval velocity of First Speed model based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient downwards successively, and the first interface is embedded First Speed model, obtain second speed model.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described take second contact surface as starting point, calculates the interval velocity of First Speed model downwards successively, specifically comprise based on the initial depth on the water speed in work area, the number of plies on stratum and each stratum and gradient:
According to the number of plies on stratum, work area and the initial depth on each stratum, stratigraphic division is carried out to First Speed model, and according to formula V
z=V
0+ K × Z calculates the interval velocity on each stratum in First Speed model from top to bottom successively, wherein, and V
zfor the interval velocity of current formation in First Speed model, K is the gradient of current formation, and Z is the degree of depth corresponding with interval velocity in current formation, V
0for above current formation and the interval velocity of the bottom boundary on the stratum adjacent with current formation, when there is no adjacent stratum above current formation, V
0for the water speed in work area.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, calculating in the process of interval velocity on each stratum in First Speed model successively from top to bottom, after calculating the interval velocity of current formation, chromatography imaging technique is utilized to upgrade the interval velocity of current formation and bottom boundary, then calculate the interval velocity on stratum below current formation and adjacent with current formation, and utilize chromatography imaging technique to upgrade the interval velocity of this adjacent earth formations and bottom boundary.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described second contact surface according to the first acquisition work area, interface, specifically comprises:
Obtain the minimum depth value at interface, work area first, using this minimum depth value as the first depth value;
Preset value is added with the first depth value, obtains the second depth value;
Obtain the position of interface depth between the first depth value and the second depth value, work area first, generate second contact surface according to the position obtained.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described second contact surface according to the first acquisition work area, interface, specifically comprises:
Obtain the minimum depth value at interface, work area first, using this minimum depth value as the first depth value;
Obtain the maximum depth value at interface, work area first, using this maximum depth value as the 3rd depth value;
According to the first depth value and the 3rd depth value determination superposition value;
Superposition value is added with the first depth value, obtains the 4th depth value;
Obtain the position of interface depth between the first depth value and the 4th depth value, work area first, generate second contact surface according to the position obtained.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly carries out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtains first interface in work area, specifically comprises:
Adopt Kirchhoff integral method to carry out pre-stack depth migration to First Speed model, obtain the stacked section after offseting;
First interface in work area is obtained according to the stacked section after skew.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described root-mean-square velocity according to first area, divides the stratum in work area, specifically comprise:
The root-mean-square velocity of first area is carried out curve fitting, obtains matching rate curve;
The stratum of flex point to work area according to matching rate curve divides.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the gradient on stratum is the slope of matching rate curve on this stratum.
9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the root-mean-square velocity spectrum in described acquisition work area, specifically comprises:
Stack velocity analysis is carried out to the common midpoint gather in work area, obtains stack velocity;
The root-mean-square velocity spectrum in work area is calculated according to stack velocity.
10. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the described root-mean-square velocity according to first area, divides the stratum in work area, specifically comprise:
Obtain the water of first area and the interphase on stratum;
With this interphase for benchmark, cross analysis is carried out to matching rate curve, according to the flex point of matching rate curve below this interphase, the stratum in work area is divided.
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