CN105181528B - A kind of rheological behavior determines device - Google Patents
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- CN105181528B CN105181528B CN201510712927.2A CN201510712927A CN105181528B CN 105181528 B CN105181528 B CN 105181528B CN 201510712927 A CN201510712927 A CN 201510712927A CN 105181528 B CN105181528 B CN 105181528B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of rheological behavior to determine device, and device includes：Rotating ring pipe analogue means, shearing-through-pump simulation device；Wherein, rotating ring pipe analogue means includes：Endless tube, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and magnetic signal sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and magnetic signal sensor are arranged in endless tube；Pump-shear effect device includes：Centrifugal pump and oil storage tank, oil storage tank both ends are equipped with electrically operated valve, and oil storage tank one end is connected to the return port of the endless tube, and the other end of oil storage tank is connected to the oil pumping hole of the endless tube by centrifugal pump.Rotating ring pipe analogue means provided in an embodiment of the present invention determines the rheological characteristic parameter of fluid using two liquid end liquid level differences, the fluid for solving the problems, such as wheel flow simulator glues wall, pump, backflow simulation test were carried out simultaneously, and a kind of new means are provided for the flowing of simulation fluids within pipes and in real time measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a petroleum exploration technology, in particular to a rheological property measuring technology of petroleum, and specifically relates to a rheological property measuring device.
Background
The measurement of the rheological parameters in the crude oil chamber is the basis of the calculation of the crude oil pipeline transmission process, and the shearing effect of the fluid in each part is different because the distribution of the velocity change rate of the fluid flowing in the pipeline on the cross section is different. For newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity is independent of shear rate, so a rotational viscometer can be used to study their flow in a pipe. For waxy crude oils with non-newtonian properties, the thermal and shear history of its flow must be simulated as closely as possible to the actual pipe flow before measuring the rheological parameters, since rheological properties vary with the thermal and shear history they experience.
The currently used pipe flow simulation methods include three types, namely a rotational rheometer, a stirring tank, various types of test loops and the like. These several simulation methods have very different results even under the same thermal history conditions. The rotational rheometer is convenient to use, can give accurate measurement results for testing Newtonian bodies and analyzing and testing non-Newtonian bodies without considering historical effects and touch deformation, but is difficult to obtain satisfactory results for simulating the flow of crude oil pipelines in the form of non-Newtonian bodies due to the difference between the shear type and the actual pipe flow. In addition, since the number of test samples is small, a heterogeneous system is easily formed, and the representativeness of the samples is often reduced. The simulation of the stirring tank is closer to the actual pipeline in the temperature range of production and operation for the crude oil in the shape of Newtonian bodies, but the application of the simulation of the non-Newtonian crude oil and the additive oil low-temperature flow section is limited because the shear strength cannot be accurately described and the measurement function is not provided. The loop simulation device is consistent with the production pipeline in terms of shearing type, and is reasonable for simulating non-Newtonian fluid flow with rheological dependence on the flow history of the non-Newtonian fluid flow. However, the traditional loop device has the problems that the measured fluid frequently passes through the pump to change the shearing history, the calculated pipe diameter is uncertain and the like, and the use value of a simulation result is reduced.
In order to simulate the pipe flow shearing action of fluid, an annular circulating pipeline observation device, a wheel pipe flow simulator and the like are sequentially disclosed, wherein the annular circulating pipeline observation device is used for driving liquid to circulate in a pipe by a magnetic force driven plunger, rheological parameters of the measured fluid are determined by measuring the change rate of pressure drop along with time and the movement period of a driver, and the wheel pipe is used for generating relative movement of the fluid half-filled in the wheel pipe by utilizing rotation of the wheel pipe, and the viscosity of the liquid is determined by the torque generated by the rotation of the wheel pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a rheological property measuring device, which comprises: a rotating ring pipe simulation device and a pump-passing shearing simulation device; wherein,
the rotating ring pipe simulating device comprises: the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the magnetic signal sensor are arranged in the ring pipe;
the over-pump shearing device comprises: the oil storage tank is characterized by comprising a centrifugal pump and an oil storage tank, wherein electric valves are arranged at two ends of the oil storage tank, one end of the oil storage tank is connected to a backflow hole of the ring pipe, and the other end of the oil storage tank is connected to an oil pumping hole of the ring pipe through the centrifugal pump.
In one embodiment of the invention, the centrifugal pump is connected to the oil pumping hole of the ring pipe through a hose, and a one-way electric valve is arranged between the centrifugal pump and the ring pipe to control the communication between the centrifugal pump and the interior of the ring pipe.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rheological property measuring apparatus further includes: and the rotating ring pipe simulation device and the pump shearing simulation device are arranged in the temperature control box.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ring pipe is fixed on the temperature control box through two tie bars which are intersected at an angle, and two ends of the oil tank are respectively clamped and connected with the two tie bars
In one embodiment of the invention, a manual ball valve is arranged at the bottom of the oil storage tank in the oil pumping phase.
In one embodiment of the invention, the curvature radius of a circular ring formed by the circular pipe is 1000mm, the diameter of the circular pipe is 50mm, the length of the oil storage tank is 700mm, the outer diameter is 75mm, and the inner diameter is 65 mm.
The rotating ring pipe simulation device provided by the embodiment of the invention determines rheological parameters of fluid by utilizing the liquid level difference between the two liquid ends, solves the problem that the fluid of the runner flow simulator is stuck to the wall, and can simultaneously perform pump passing and backflow simulation tests.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rheometric device disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the fluids in the loop of the rheometric device disclosed in this invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pumping process of the disclosed rheological characterization device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the reflux process of the rheometric device disclosed in this invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit connection state of the plugboard of the rheological property measuring device disclosed by the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the rheological property measuring apparatus disclosed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a rheological property measuring device, as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the rheological property measuring device disclosed by the invention, and the rheological property measuring device comprises: a rotating ring pipe simulation device and a pump-passing shearing simulation device; wherein,
the rotating collar simulation device comprises: the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the magnetic signal sensor are arranged in the ring pipe (wherein, each sensor is arranged in the ring pipe and is not marked in the figure);
the over-pump shearing simulation device comprises: centrifugal 102 pump and oil storage tank 103, oil storage tank 102 both ends all are equipped with the electric valve, and oil storage tank one end is connected to the backward flow hole of ring pipe 101, and the other end of oil storage tank 103 is connected to the oil pumping hole of ring pipe 101 through centrifugal pump 102.
The invention aims to provide a device for simulating fluid flow in a pipeline and measuring the fluid flow in real time, which simulates multi-station flow of the whole crude oil pipeline and realizes real-time acquisition of rheological properties such as viscosity and the like. The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by combining the specific embodiments as follows:
the rheological property measuring device comprises a rheological property measuring device and an over-pump shearing simulation device, wherein the rotating ring pipe simulation device in the embodiment of the invention comprises: the pipe flow shearing simulation system, the data acquisition and transmission system, the environmental temperature control system and the data processing system are respectively explained below.
1. A pipe flow shear simulation system comprising: the stainless steel ring pipe, the driving device and the control box, in the embodiment, the curvature radius R of the stainless steel ring pipe is 1000mm, the inner diameter d of the ring pipe is 50mm, the driving device is composed of two stepless speed regulation single-phase motors, the reduction ratios are respectively 30B and 100B, the ring pipe can rotate at any rotating speed of 1-15R/min, and the shearing rate range of the ring pipe is 20-300s-1In the meantime.
2. Data acquisition transmission system: the device comprises a Pt100 temperature sensor, a YZD type pressure sensor (the measuring range is 0-40 kPa, the accuracy grade is 0.1 grade), an KMI18 magnetic signal sensor, a data acquisition board and an electric brush (an electric brush, a sliding contact body for conducting current). When the rotor is aligned with the center line of the magnetic head, the lowest point of the circular ring is exactly corresponded to determine the lowest point of the circular ring.
3. The ambient temperature control system in this embodiment includes: the intelligent refrigerator comprises a box body, a heating system, a refrigerating system and an intelligent control system.
a. A box body:
in this embodiment, the design temperature of the loop temperature control system is required to be 0-70 ℃. According to the comprehensive consideration of the requirement of design temperature, the performance requirement of the material of the heat insulation layer and the like, the polyethylene foam plastic meets the requirement and can meet the requirements of refrigeration and heat preservation. According to the shape, size and layout of the loop pipe transportation simulation device, the height of the box body in the embodiment is determined to be 2.25m, the length is determined to be 1.80m, and the width is determined to be 0.50 m. The thickness of the selected box body is 70mm in comprehensive consideration.
b. A heating system: comprises a heating device and a fan;
in this embodiment, the heating device is two U-shaped heating pipes with 1.5kW power (the heating rate of the double-open heating device is about 0.3 ℃/min), and 1 fan is respectively installed below each heating pipe, so that air in the box circularly flows during measurement, and the heating pipes uniformly dissipate heat.
c. A refrigeration system:
the refrigeration system in the embodiment is composed of four basic parts, namely a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion valve. The complete equipment is connected with the copper pipes to form a sealed circulating system. The refrigeration method adopts vapor compression refrigeration. In vapor compression refrigeration, the vapor of a working medium (refrigerant) is first compressed to a relatively high pressure, cooled by an external cooling medium (air) and converted into a liquid, and then subjected to adiabatic expansion to simultaneously reduce the pressure and temperature, and the heat can be absorbed by the vaporization of the working medium liquid under low pressure for refrigeration. The vaporized steam is sucked and compressed by the compressor and is continuously circulated. The compressor selected in the device is a piston type air compressor. The cooling rate of the compressor refrigeration system is about 0.7 ℃/min.
d. The intelligent control system comprises:
the intelligent control system in the embodiment adopts an XM808P self-tuning expert PID control instrument, collects the box temperature value in real time and performs time proportion output control on the on-off of the heating pipe. The instrument can be used for carrying out temperature-time-temperature programming control, so that the temperature drop rate of the air in the box body is determined, and the accurate simulation of the crude oil pipe transmission temperature drop is realized.
4. A data processing system: the system comprises a computer and a corresponding monitoring calculation program, and the maximum signal acquisition rate in the embodiment is 300 points/s.
The measurement principle of the rheological property of the rotating ring pipe simulation device in the embodiment of the invention is explained as follows:
the fluid flows in the circular pipeline and is acted by the shearing force of the pipe wall, the gravity of the fluid, the pressure acting on the two liquid surfaces, the pressure of the pipe wall and the centrifugal force generated by circular motion. Obviously, the wall pressure and the centrifugal force generated by the circular motion balance each other. Thus, for a certain infinitesimal section, the sum of the moments of the fluid under the action of the shearing force of the pipe wall, the fluid weight of the infinitesimal section and the pressure acting on the two liquid surfaces of the infinitesimal section is zero in a stable state.
Assuming the inner diameter of the loop is r0The radius of curvature of the ring being R0Front liquid angle is theta1Rear liquid angle of theta2The crude oil density is rho, the infinitesimal section dl is taken as a research object, and the front liquid angle AOD is theta as shown in figure 21The rear liquid angle BOD is θ2Taking a infinitesimal section dl in the liquid column, wherein the included angle between the infinitesimal section and the horizontal direction is theta, the corresponding central angle is do theta, and the range of theta is
When the fluid stably flows in the ring pipe, there are
dWτ+dWG+dWP＝0 (1)
In the formula:
dWτ-moment by shear force of the walls of the micro-segment tubes;
dWG-moment of force by the force of gravity of the infinitesimal section;
dWP-a moment generated by the pressure acting on the ends of the micro-element section;
it is clear that for the entire liquid column section:
∫dWP＝0 (2)
moment generated by shearing force of pipe wall when fluid flows
When the fluid in the annular pipe is in a laminar state, the shear rate of the wall of the fluid pipe is as follows
Wherein n' is the rheological index. Power law fluid n ═ n', and pipe wall shearing force tauwComprises the following steps:
when the rotation speed of the ring pipe is asThe power law fluid circular pipe wall shear stress represented by the formulas (3) and (4) is as follows:
the moment generated by it relative to the center of rotation is:
Wτ＝τwAw·R0(6)
wherein A iswIs the surface area of the wall surface of the oil-containing pipe section.
Wherein L is1、L2Are respectively formed by theta1And theta2Corresponding front liquid segment length L1Length L of posterior segment2
For newtonian fluids, n ═ 1, the loop wall shear stress is:
the moment generated by it relative to the center of rotation is:
torque generated by the gravity of fluid in the ring pipe:
the gravity borne by the infinitesimal section: dG ═ ρ g π r0 2R0dθ
Moment generated by the infinitesimal section relative to the circle center: dWG＝dGR0cosθ
The moment due to the fluid eccentricity when the ring tube is rotated is:
newtonian fluid viscosity measuring principle
The measurement principle of the viscosity of the Newtonian fluid can be obtained by the formulas (1), (2), (9) and (10):
by means of a variant, it is possible to obtain:
h is the liquid level difference between the front end and the rear end in the ring pipe:
in this way, only the pressure variation curve is acquired by the computer, and the relative position of the characteristic point is determined by the pressure variation curve, so as to determine the parameter omega in the formulas (11) and (12)m、θ1、θ2H, L1 and L2, the viscosity of the measured fluid can be calculated.
Principle for measuring viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid
Equations (11), (12) are only suitable for viscosity testing of newtonian fluids, and for time-independent non-newtonian fluids, this equation does not apply, but the rheology can still be measured with a loop device.
Pipe wall shear stress tau when fluid flows in a pipelinewCalculated from the formulas (1), (2), (6) and (10):
the shear stress at any position of the non-Newtonian fluid pipe flow can be expressed as a pipe flow characteristic valueAs a function of (c).
For power law fluids
Wherein, KpIs an integration constant. Thus, for a power law fluid, there may be a series ofAnd (5) regressing to obtain a power law index n.
There are different velocity profiles w (r) for different fluids flowing in the pipe. Generally for a typical non-newtonian fluid, the wall shear rate is:
where n 'is a characteristic index and the power law fluid has n ═ n'. So the power law fluid has a wall shear rate of
By transforming the formula, the rheological equation of the power law fluid can be obtained:
k is the coefficient of consistency,
the value of the wall shear rate is obtained by equation (16).
The apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid is derived from formula (19):
thus, a set ofThereby determining a set of τw～8V/d0. For power law fluids, through a series of τw～8V/d0The characteristic index n of the fluid can be obtained through regression, and the consistency coefficient of the fluid is obtained through the formula (18), so that the rheological equation of the power law fluid is obtained. For a general non-Newtonian fluid, a series of τ passesw～8V/d0Obtaining the characteristic index n' of the fluid by regression, and then obtaining the shear rate at the pipe wall by the formula (15)Then make itThe relationship curve of the fluid, so as to judge the rheological type of the fluid, and the experimental data is fitted by selecting a proper rheological equationAnd determining the rheological parameters.
Calibrating a rotating ring pipe simulation device:
to ensure confidence in the data for the rotary loop simulator, the device will be calibrated with a calibrated viscometer using a 0.2% HPAM solution. When a 0.2% HPAM solution is prepared, slowly adding HPAM into the stirring distilled water; the HPAM was dispersed and homogenized with stirring, and the total amount of distilled water in the beaker was within 1.5L each time. Setting the rotating speed of the stirring paddle at 600r/min, and stirring for 20h at normal temperature until no macroscopic small particles exist in the solution, which indicates that the dissolution is sufficient. If the preparation is carried out more than half a day before the use of the solution, it must be stirred again for 3min with a glass rod.
Standard viscosity measurement instrument: HAAKE-VT550 coaxial cylinder viscometer for storage and transportation laboratories.
TABLE 1 comparison of the measurement results of the pipe-line apparatus and the viscometer
Note 1) experimental conditions: the water bath temperature is 20 ℃, and the shear rate is set to be 0-100 s-1And 100s-1～0。
As shown in Table 1, the shear rate was 43.5 to 86.2s-1When the method is used, the relative error of the measurement results of the pipe conveying device and the viscometer is within 5 percent; the shear rate is 30 to 40s-1When the two are nearby, the error of the measurement results of the two is within 10 percent; at a shear rate of less than 30s-1Hereinafter, the relative error between the two is large, which means that the accuracy of the device is good when the shear rate is high, and the relative error increases as the operating power of the motor moves away from the rated range with a decrease in the shear rate. In general, the pipe conveying device can simulate pipe flow within a certain range and measure viscosity data close to actual viscosity data.
In addition, the collar of the embodiment of the invention is provided with two temperature sensors, which, in view of their calibration, are simultaneously measured at the same location with an electronic thermometer from IKA, germany. When the temperature of the electronic thermometer is 5.7 ℃, the environmental temperature sensor of the ring pipe shows 6.3 ℃, the temperature sensor on the fixed ring pipe shows 5.5 ℃, and the error is within 1 ℃, which indicates that the temperature is controlled within the allowable range.
The rheological property measuring device also comprises an over-pump shear simulation system, so that the rheological property measuring device can measure the rheological property and can also perform over-pump simulation shear of an oil sample.
The pump-through simulated shearing system pumps crude oil in a pipe into an oil storage tank fixed on the ring pipe by using a small centrifugal pump in a ring pipe stalling state, and then the crude oil is injected back into the ring pipe, so that one-time oil sample pump-through simulated shearing is completed. The shear rate of crude oil flowing in the centrifugal pump under the field condition can reach 104s-1The order of magnitude of (1) is that when the pump passing simulation device is designed, in order to obtain higher shear rate, a small-sized centrifugal pump is adopted, and the highest shear rate in the simulated pump passing experiment is 5000s-1And the working condition is relatively close to the actual working condition.
The centrifugal pump of the ring pipe system performs pump shearing simulation on actual working conditions and also follows the principle of equal energy dissipation. Since the over-pumping shear rate for a particular oil sample is constant for a particular temperature, i.e., the energy dissipation of the crude oil once over-pumping is constant under certain conditions. And the shearing rate of field over-pumping is larger, so that the energy dissipation is also larger, so that the number of times of over-pumping is increased according to the actual situation during simulation, the energy dissipation of the oil sample is equal to that of the field oil sample, and the purpose of quantitative simulation is achieved.
In the case of neglecting the heat dissipation of the pump body, the fluid over-pump temperature rise actually includes isentropic compression temperature rise and temperature rise caused by the viscous dissipation of the flow in the pump. For the small centrifugal pump used by the device, the lift is small, the discharge pressure of the pump is not high, and the contribution of compression work to internal energy increment of the fluid can be ignored, so that the energy dissipation of the oil sample passing through the pump can be calculated by measuring the temperature rise of the oil sample passing through the pump and the time of the oil sample passing through the pump, and the energy dissipation is compared with actual data on site to determine the times of simulating the pump passing. The shearing simulation of the large-scale pump on site is completed by utilizing the small-scale pump to pass through for many times.
1. The device design scheme is as follows:
in order to add the pump shearing simulation device, the centrifugal pump and the oil storage tank are fixed on the ring pipe, one end of the oil storage tank is connected with the ring pipe through the small centrifugal pump, the other end of the oil storage tank is directly connected with the ring pipe, and the two joints are communicated and closed through the control of the electric valve. The interface of the centrifugal pump is an oil pumping hole, and the other interface of the centrifugal pump is a backflow hole. In this embodiment, the oil storage tank is fixed on the ring pipe at a certain angle, i.e. satisfy the simulation of passing the pump and refluxing of the oil sample, a certain relation should be satisfied between the oil pumping port and the refluxing port, just can accomplish the two processes of passing the pump and refluxing smoothly, theoretically, when the oil pumping port is located at the lowest point, the refluxing port can satisfy the requirements of passing the pump and refluxing in the second quadrant of the ring pipe, but when the crude oil in the oil storage tank reflows, the crude oil has certain viscosity and can be attached to the inner wall of the oil storage tank, the inclination angle of the oil storage tank should be as large as possible, so that the sample oil can flow back into the ring pipe well, therefore, the refluxing port should be located at the position of the third quadrant of the ring pipe as close to the Y axis as possible, so as to ensure the maximum inclination angle of the oil storage tank. The tank is not perpendicular to the X-axis because the centrifugal pump may experience air pumping when the tank is perpendicular to the X-axis.
When the over-pump simulation is needed, the ring pipe is rotated to enable the oil pumping hole to be positioned at the lowest point, and the centrifugal pump is started to enable the crude oil to pass through the pump and enter the oil storage tank; and then, rotating the ring pipe by a certain angle, and refluxing the crude oil into the ring pipe by using the gravity action of the crude oil to prepare for next simulation.
Firstly, an oil pumping process:
as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the pumping process, the pumping hole is at the lowest point and is connected with the centrifugal pump (magnetic pump) through the soft conduit, the communication between the pumping hole and the centrifugal pump is controlled by the electric valve, and the electric valve is closed during pipe flow simulation, so that the pipe flow simulation is not influenced. Because crude oil is sealed in the ring pipe during pipe flow simulation, the atmospheric pressure needs to be overcome when passing through the pump from the oil pumping hole, so the oil pumping hole and the electric valve of the backflow hole need to be opened simultaneously when passing through the pump, the complete communication between the oil storage tank and the ring pipe is realized, the atmospheric pressure influence is eliminated, and crude oil can be smoothly pumped into the oil storage tank. Similarly, when the crude oil reflows, two electric valves also need to be opened simultaneously to realize the reflowing process. The oil pumping hole and the backflow hole are mutually utilized, and conditions are provided for the pump passing process and the backflow process of crude oil.
The pump passing at the position is selected because the suction point of the centrifugal pump is positioned at the lowest point of the ring pipe, and the liquid level in the ring pipe is higher than the suction point of the pump, so that the pump is fed under positive pressure, the centrifugal pump can be used for completely pumping crude oil in all pipes, all oil samples are subjected to pump shearing, and the influence of residual oil without passing the pump on a simulation experiment is avoided.
Along with the crude oil in the ring pipe is pumped into the oil storage tank by the centrifugal pump, the liquid level of the crude oil in the oil storage tank continuously rises, meanwhile, the liquid level of the liquid in the ring pipe continuously falls, and the liquid level in the ring pipe is finally lower than the liquid level of the liquid in the oil storage tank after a certain time. At this time, the pressure at the suction port of the pump is lower than that at the output end, so that some liquid flows back, and repeated over-pump shearing of some oil samples can be caused. In order to solve the problem, a liquid one-way valve is additionally arranged between the centrifugal pump and the oil storage tank in the embodiment of the invention, and due to the existence of the one-way valve, liquid can only enter the oil storage tank and cannot flow back to the annular pipe. The crude oil is pumped and enters the oil storage tank.
② the crude oil reflux process:
as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a crude oil reflux process, when crude oil is refluxed, the loop needs to be rotated by a certain angle, and the opening of the reflux hole is located in the positive direction of the X axis of the coordinate with the axis of the loop as the center of the circle, so that the whole oil storage tank is located above the X axis, the electric valve is opened at this time, the crude oil in the oil storage tank returns to the loop through the reflux hole under the action of gravity, and then the electric valve is closed, and meanwhile, preparation is made for next-step pipe flow simulation.
In the embodiment of the invention, an electric valve is also arranged between the return port and the oil storage tank, in the pipe flow simulation process, the electric valve and the electric valve of the oil pumping port are both closed, so that the storage tank is isolated from the ring pipe, the pipe flow simulation is not influenced, the electric valve is opened during the return, and after crude oil completely returns to the ring pipe, the valve is closed to prepare for the next pipe flow simulation.
Thirdly, a power supply scheme:
through pump shearing scheme with centrifugal pump and electric valve fix on the ring pipe, the ring pipe does not stop rotating when because the pipe flow simulation, if use wired power supply, the power supply line will unable the connection, otherwise will cause the winding between electric wire and the axle at the in-process of pipe flow simulation, finally lead to the experiment unable to go on, and at the whole in-process of pipe flow simulation, the temperature control case will be to the environment that the ring pipe was located, control by temperature change, according to preset's program control temperature, be equivalent to an air bath, at this in-process, the temperature field can not change, can not circulate with outside air in the temperature control case promptly, so can't directly carry out manual switch-on or outage to the electrical equipment on the ring pipe, wired power supply's scheme has just gone wrong like this.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the telescopic plug capable of penetrating through the wall of the temperature control box is embedded in the temperature control box, the telescopic plug is externally connected with a power supply, the power supply is led in through the telescopic plug, and the power supply led in is provided for the electric valve by matching with the relay when the pump is needed to be passed or the current is returned, so that the opening and the closing of the electric valve are controlled.
The specific method in this embodiment is to drill a small hole (about 1cm in diameter) on the temperature control box, fix the small hole with a material, and pass a plug (hollow, with an electric wire connected to an external power supply) slightly smaller than the hole diameter through the hole to supply power to the equipment on the ring pipe. Because the opening is small and the plug is filled in the middle, the sealing state is approached, so that the influence on the temperature field is small and can be ignored.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the relay is matched with the power plug for use, the front end of the power plug is provided with two contact pieces connected with the power line, the two contact pieces are contacted and communicated with the contact pieces led out by the electric valve after being inserted, power is effectively supplied to the centrifugal pump, the electric valve can be controlled to be opened and closed through the button, the over-pump simulation task is completed, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power plug inserted into the jack.
When the ring canal rotates, the centrifugal pump and the electric valve fixed on the ring canal do not work, power needs to be supplied only when two processes of simulated pumping and backflow of the pump are carried out, the ring canal is fixed, a circuit on the ring canal can be collected and connected out, the position when the oil is pumped and the position when the backflow are respectively connected out to the place close to the temperature control box to be connected with the power plug, and the power supply to the equipment is realized through the connection with the plug.
When the ring pipe needs to rotate from the oil pumping position to the backflow position, the power supply cannot be connected, the motor cannot be used for driving the ring pipe to rotate, and in order to achieve the process, the position of the rear shaft of the motor can be manually rotated from the outside of the temperature control box, so that the purpose of enabling crude oil to flow back is achieved.
In addition, the mass distribution of the whole system is inevitably changed in the oil pumping process and the backflow process, so that the moment imbalance relative to a motor shaft is caused, and the use of the plugboard circuit can play a role in fixing a ring pipe in the two processes except solving the problem of power supply, so that the effect of rotation caused by the change of the moment is avoided, the smooth experiment is facilitated, and the method achieves two purposes at one stroke.
When the simulation system carries out the pump simulation, crude oil can not directly return to the ring pipe after being pumped out, and needs to be transferred and stored to the oil storage tank in advance, so that the crude oil can be sheared by the pump and then flows back to the ring pipe to continue the pipe flow simulation. Since the oil storage tank is also inside the temperature control box, it should be able to withstand a certain high temperature and should be as light as possible for installation, and therefore, the oil storage tank is selected according to the following parameters in the embodiment of the present invention:
1. materials:
through comparison and experiment on some materials, ABS (Acryl) is finally selectedNitrile butadiene styrene) engineering plastic as material for oil storage tank, which can bear high temperature, has good comprehensive performance and high impact strength, is high molecular polymer, has stable chemical performance, good insulating property, softening point higher than 90 ℃, and light specific gravity of 1.06g/cm3. The ABS engineering plastic has glossy appearance and low water absorption, can prevent crude oil from attaching to the surface of an oil storage tank as much as possible, and can well meet experimental requirements.
2. Shape:
the moment imbalance of the whole system is inevitably caused after the centrifugal pump and the oil storage tank are added on the ring pipe, so that the moment balance of the whole system relative to a motor shaft is realized by adding a balancing weight to the whole system. Considering the limited load on the entire collar and motor output shaft, the load and weight should be as small as possible to facilitate smooth operation of the entire system. The ring pipe is uniformly fixed by four lacing wires, and if the oil storage tank is not properly arranged, the stability of the ring pipe is not facilitated. In addition, the oil storage tank is positioned between the oil pumping hole and the backflow hole during installation, so that the installation is convenient as much as possible.
According to the above requirements, the oil storage tank is finally determined to be a cylindrical tank with the length of 0.7m, the outer diameter of 75mm and the inner diameter of 65 mm. The volume of the storage tank is 2.3L, and the half of the inner volume of the loop is 1.9L, so that the design firstly meets the requirement of crude oil on capacity through a pump to enter the storage tank. Secondly, design such long cylindrical installation can the biggest reduction balancing weight when can. As shown in fig. 6, during installation, the storage tank 701 intersects with two tie bars 702 of the fixed collar, such as by means of a clip tie bar, to distribute the moment and stabilize the entire collar system. After the oil storage tank and the lacing wires are crossed and fixedly installed, the two ports are respectively close to the oil pumping port and the backflow port, and the hose is in flexible connection with the oil pumping port and the backflow port, so that the installation is facilitated, and the damage to sealing connection caused by relative movement can be avoided in the operation process.
Since measurements are often made on different crudes, the oil samples are frequently changed. The oil storage tank can play a role in storing and buffering when the crude oil passes through the pump, and also can play a role in replacing and measuring an oil sample. Before a pump device and an oil storage tank are not added, an oil discharge valve (a valve originally arranged on the ring pipe) is required to be arranged at the lowest point for replacing the crude oil in the ring pipe, the valve is opened to discharge the crude oil in the pipe, then the butt joint of the ring pipe is detached, an oil sample required to be measured is poured into the pipe from the butt joint, and one-time oil replacement is completed.
This process is made simple and easy after the oil storage tank is installed. A manual ball valve is installed at the bottom of the oil storage tank (when the system is in an oil pumping phase), the ball valve is long, if an oil sample needs to be replaced, crude oil is pumped into the oil storage tank, then the ball valve is manually rotated, the oil storage tank and a connecting union of the ring pipe are detached, the oil storage tank can be detached, and the function of replacing the oil sample can be realized.
Selection of centrifugal pumps:
in the whole simulation system, the centrifugal pump is the core part of the whole device, the installation and the power supply of the centrifugal pump have direct influence on the experimental result, and the centrifugal pump used in the device is an MP-15R magnetic centrifugal pump.
The centrifugal pump adopts a shaftless seal design, the pump body is completely sealed, the leakage of liquid can not be caused in the pumping process, and the centrifugal pump is suitable for crude oil experiments. And can realize higher shear rate, which is closer to the over-pump shear experienced in the actual crude oil transportation.
A magnetically driven centrifugal pump (magnetic pump for short) generally comprises a motor, a magnetic coupling and a corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump body. The magnetic coupling is mainly characterized in that the magnetic coupling is used for transmitting power, and no leakage exists. When the motor drives the outer magnetic cylinder of the magnetic coupler to rotate, the magnetic force line passes through the gap and the isolation sleeve and acts on the inner magnetic cylinder on the pump shaft, so that the pump rotor and the motor synchronously rotate, and torque is transmitted without mechanical contact. At the power input end of the pump shaft, no leakage occurs because the fluid is enclosed in the stationary spacer sleeve and there is no dynamic seal. The CFRPP material is used as the main material, has good corrosion resistance and durability, and is suitable for long-time simulation experiments.
Firstly, fixing a centrifugal pump:
the centrifugal pump uses checkpost snap-on the ring canal, and it has the buffer material to fill between checkpost and the ring canal, prevents that centrifugal pump during operation vibrations from causing the damage to the ring canal.
Also considering the problem caused by vibration, the suction inlet end of the centrifugal pump is directly fixed near the oil pumping hole of the ring pipe, and is connected with the oil pumping hole by a hose, so that the sealing connection is prevented from being influenced by slight vibration caused by the operation of the pump.
② backflow prevention device:
the discharge port of the centrifugal pump is provided with a single-phase valve which prevents the crude oil from flowing back due to the continuous rise of the liquid level of the oil storage tank in the oil pumping process, thereby causing incomplete and repeated shearing of the pump.
Performance parameters of the MP-15R centrifugal pump:
outlet inner diameter: 16 mm;
inlet inner diameter: 16 mm;
maximum flow rate: 17L/min;
the highest lift: 2.7 m;
rated flow rate: 8L/min;
rated lift: 1.5 m;
output power: 25W;
pump chamber volume: 20 mL.
The rotating ring pipe simulation device provided by the embodiment of the invention determines rheological parameters of fluid by utilizing the liquid level difference between the two liquid ends, solves the problem that the fluid of the runner flow simulator is adhered to the wall, can complete real-time measurement in the process of simulating the actual pipeline flow, performs pump and backflow simulation tests, and provides a new means for simulating the fluid flow in the pipeline and measuring the fluid in real time.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A rheological property measuring apparatus comprising: a rotating ring pipe simulation device and a pump-passing shearing simulation device; wherein,
the rotating ring pipe simulating device comprises: the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the magnetic signal sensor are arranged in the ring pipe;
the over-pump shearing device comprises: the oil storage tank and the centrifugal pump are fixed on the ring pipe, electric valves are arranged at two ends of the oil storage tank, one end of the oil storage tank is connected to the backflow hole of the ring pipe, and the other end of the oil storage tank is connected to the oil pumping hole of the ring pipe through the centrifugal pump;
the rheological property measuring device further comprises: the rotating ring pipe simulation device and the over-pump shearing simulation device are arranged in the temperature control box;
the temperature control box is embedded with a telescopic plug which can penetrate through the wall of the temperature control box, and the telescopic plug is externally connected with a power supply.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal pump is connected to the oil well bore of the collar by a flexible tube, and a one-way electrically operated valve is provided between the centrifugal pump and the collar to control communication between the centrifugal pump and the interior of the collar.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collar is secured to the temperature control chamber by two angularly intersecting tie bars, and wherein the ends of the storage tank are clamped to the tie bars.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a manual ball valve is provided at the bottom of the reservoir during the pumping phase to change the oil sample.
5. The rheological measurement device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the collar is formed as a circular ring having a radius of curvature of 1000mm, a collar diameter of 50mm, a tank length of 700mm, an outer diameter of 75mm and an inner diameter of 65 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1332366A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-23 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Fluid rheological characteristics measuring method adopting annular flowing device |
| CN1680799A (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Measuring system and method for rheological property of petroleum |
| CN1690689A (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crude oil pump-passing shearing simulation device |
| CN204694589U (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-07 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of device for measuring slip casting limiting shearing stress |
| CN205157372U (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-04-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Rheological behavior survey device |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1332366A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-23 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Fluid rheological characteristics measuring method adopting annular flowing device |
| CN1680799A (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Measuring system and method for rheological property of petroleum |
| CN1690689A (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crude oil pump-passing shearing simulation device |
| CN204694589U (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-07 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of device for measuring slip casting limiting shearing stress |
| CN205157372U (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-04-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Rheological behavior survey device |
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