CN105180907A - Fixed-focus-camera single-image tree measuring method - Google Patents
Fixed-focus-camera single-image tree measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105180907A CN105180907A CN201510602573.6A CN201510602573A CN105180907A CN 105180907 A CN105180907 A CN 105180907A CN 201510602573 A CN201510602573 A CN 201510602573A CN 105180907 A CN105180907 A CN 105180907A
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- reflector plate
- tree
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fixed-focus-camera single-image tree measuring method. The fixed-focus-camera single-image tree measuring method includes the steps that according to the four different topographic conditions of a flat ground topography, a breast height marked line existing topography, any marked-line-free topography and a regular terraced field topography, a fixed-focus digital camera is used for carrying out single-image photogrammetry; a to-be-measured standing tree in a to-be-measured region is measured through a collinearity equation according to information such as the length of a fixed-length sighting rod, a breast height marked line, known coordinate points and the height of terraced field ridges respectively, and then the diameter at the breast height and the tree height value of the to-be-measured standing tree are determined.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed-focus digital camera monolithic tree survey method, for level land, there is breastheight graticule, without the different topographic condition of any landform of graticule Sum fanction terraced fields landform four kinds, fixed-focus digital camera is utilized to photograph, the measurement of the standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground to be measured, the height of tree under realizing different terrain conditions.
Two, technical background
The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree are two important factors of enumeration in measuring forest, current tree breast diameter survey adopts diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground chi or slide calliper rule hand dipping, belong to contact type measurement, due to the impact of landform, understory shrub, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground measuring every strain sample trees in sample ground wastes time and energy, need a people to measure, people's record, human cost is higher.Tree height measurement adopts altimeter to measure, and there is treetop summit and is difficult to the problems such as accurately judgement, cause measuring error comparatively large, and need two people to coordinate, measure efficiency lower.
The present invention level land, have breastheight graticule, the topographic condition different without any landform of graticule Sum fanction terraced fields landform four kinds under, utilize fixed-focus digital camera to treat geodetic shape and carry out nearly horizontal normal case photography, realize the measurement of the district to be measured standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree.Measurement speed is fast, only needs a people to complete, and after acquisition sample ground photo, can carry out interior industry interpretation, process, can obtain the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured, and measured value can persistence.The General Promotion informationization of data processing, intellectuality and high efficiency degree.
Three, summary of the invention
In order to overcome, the data acquisition cycle existed when classic method measures the standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the height of tree is long, efficiency is low, the shortcoming of low precision, improve the efficiency and precision of measuring forest, shorten observation cycle, the object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of fixed-focus digital camera monolithic assize.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Utilize fixed-focus camera monolithic photogrammetric, respectively for level land, have breastheight graticule, without the different topographic condition of any landform of graticule Sum fanction terraced fields landform four kinds, coordinate the known conditions under different terrain conditions and the image space coordinate in photography photo, utilize collinearity equation, finally determine the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured.
1. when regional feature to be measured is comparatively smooth, a just upright fixed length line rod, carries out nearly horizontal normal case photography with fixed-focus digital camera to standing tree to be measured, ensures that standing tree to be measured and fixed length line rod are all clearly imaged in photo; Assumed ground elevation is Z=Z
0, utilize mathematical model 1.
with mathematical model 2.
Coordinate camera focus f and the long l of fixed length line rod bar and upper and lower two-end-point image space coordinate, determine ground elevation Z; (5) utilize mathematical model 3.
by measuring the image space coordinate figure on two edges about the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, determine the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground value of standing tree to be measured; Utilize mathematical model 4.
by measuring the image space coordinate figure of standing tree tree root and 2, treetop, determine the height of tree of standing tree to be measured.
2. regional feature to be measured is comparatively complicated, and when standing tree to be measured all has a breastheight graticule, carries out nearly horizontal normal case photography, ensure that standing tree to be measured and breastheight graticule are clearly imaged in photo with fixed-focus digital camera to standing tree to be measured; Utilize digital-to-analogue 2., coordinate length value and the graticule upper and lower two-end-point image space coordinate of camera focus f and breastheight graticule, determine ground elevation Z; Utilize mathematical model 3. with mathematical model 4., try to achieve the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured respectively.
3. regional feature to be measured is comparatively complicated, and when not having breastheight graticule, is divided into ridge landform, kar and other any landform to analyze; For three kinds of different topographic conditions, utilize mathematical model 1.
with mathematical model 5. Z
i=aX
i+ bY
i+ cX
iy
i+ d, in conjunction with the known coordinate point of some, asks respectively and calculates ground model parameter value; After setting up digital terrain model, according to the ground coordinate (X of any point in landform to be measured
i, Y
i, Z
i) (i=1,2 ..., n), coordinate the picture point image space coordinate (u of shooting
i, v
i), utilize digital-to-analogue 1., 5. and 3., 4., finally ask the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and height of tree value that calculate standing tree to be measured in landform to be measured.
4. district to be measured landform is the terraced fields of rule, and when not having known point and graticule, needs the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of the standing tree to be measured measured respectively on each terraced fields face; Measure each bank high level h of terraced fields
i(i=1,2 ..., n), with fixed-focus digital camera, photographed in region to be measured; On same terraced fields face, assumed height Z=Z
0, for arbitrary bank height h
i, utilize digital-to-analogue 2., coordinate the bank height h in camera focus f and this terraced fields face
iand the high two-end-point image space coordinate up and down of bank, determine ground elevation Z; 3. and 4. utilize mathematical model respectively, determine the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured.
This invention has the following advantages compared with the conventional method:
1. can for level land, have breastheight graticule, realize the standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and tree height measurement without the topographic condition that any landform of graticule Sum fanction terraced fields landform four kinds is different;
2. utilize the horizontal right photographic measurement mode of fixed-focus digital camera, take the photo of standing tree to be measured in region to be measured, the sample trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and height of tree value can be measured, greatly alleviate measurement operation intensity;
3. fall behind for current forest survey measuring equipment, the problems such as inefficiency, utilize photogrammetric mode, realize portable, easy-to-use, the efficient measurement pattern of forest inventory investigation.
Four, accompanying drawing illustrates:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that under subdued topography, standing tree is measured;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that under any landform having a breastheight graticule, standing tree is measured; Wherein, 1,2,3,4 position pickup point is put on photo;
Fig. 3 is that under any landform without breastheight graticule, standing tree measures point position selection schematic diagram; Wherein, a is any topographic condition, and b is ridge topographic condition, and c is kar condition, and in figure, "×" represents known point coordinate position;
Fig. 4 is standing tree instrumentation plan under regular terraced fields landform.
Five, embodiment:
1, when regional feature to be measured is comparatively smooth, as shown in Figure 1, near standing tree to be measured, a just upright length is the fixed length line rod of l=1.3m; With fixed-focus digital camera, nearly horizontal normal case photography is carried out to standing tree to be measured, ensure that standing tree to be measured and fixed length line rod are all clearly imaged in photo; Assumed ground elevation is Z=Z
0, utilize mathematical model 1.
wherein, (u
i, v
i) be the image space coordinate of any point on photo, (X
i, Y
i, Z
i) be relative object coordinates corresponding to picpointed coordinate, f represents the focal length of fixed-focus camera, and 2. coordinate relation is expressed as mathematical model
Utilize digital-to-analogue 2., coordinate camera focus f and the long l of fixed length line rod bar and upper and lower two-end-point image space coordinate (u
1, v
1), (u
2, v
2), determine ground elevation Z; Utilize mathematical model 3.
wherein, d
1.3represent the standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, Δ u
irepresenting the image space horizontal ordinate variable quantity on two edges about standing tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground place on photo, by measuring about the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground two along 1, the image space coordinate figure of 2, determining the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground value of standing tree to be measured; Utilize mathematical model 4.
wherein, H represents the standing tree height of tree, Δ v
irepresenting standing tree tree root and treetop image space ordinate variable quantity on photo, by measuring the image space coordinate figure of standing tree tree root point 3 and treetop point 4, determining the height of tree of standing tree to be measured.
2, when regional feature to be measured is comparatively complicated, and when standing tree to be measured all has a breastheight graticule, as shown in Figure 2, with fixed-focus digital camera, nearly horizontal normal case photography is carried out to standing tree to be measured, ensure that standing tree to be measured and breastheight graticule are clearly imaged in photo; Reference landform is the situation on level land, utilizes digital-to-analogue 2., coordinates length value and the graticule upper and lower two-end-point image space coordinate (u of camera focus f and breastheight graticule
1, v
1), (u
2, v
2), determine ground elevation Z; Utilize mathematical model 3. with mathematical model 4., try to achieve the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured respectively.
3, when regional feature to be measured is comparatively complicated, and when there is no breastheight graticule, as shown in Figure 3, ridge landform, kar and other any landform is divided into analyze; Shown in Fig. 3 (a), to ridge landform, at least need more than 6 known points, wherein, at least 2 points on topographical crest, two sides landform is known at least 2 points respectively, after photography, utilize mathematical model 1.
with mathematical model 5. Z
i=aX
i+ bY
i+ cX
iy
i+ d, wherein, a, b, c, d are model coefficient, (X
i, Y
i, Z
i) (i=1,2 ..., n) be the object coordinates of any point, calculate this facet model coefficient respectively by two known points on two known points on topographical crest and topographical crest side landform, in like manner, calculate the model coefficient of topographical crest another side; Shown in Fig. 3 (b), to kar, at least need more than 6 known points, wherein, at least 2 points on valley route, two sides landform is known at least 2 points respectively, 1. and 5. utilize mathematical model, coordinate known coordinate point, calculate the model coefficient that valley route two surveys face landform respectively; 1. and 5. shown in Fig. 3 (c), to other any landform, need the random coordinates point that at least 4 known, utilize mathematical model, coordinate known coordinate point, calculate model coefficient; Be equivalent to the digital terrain model establishing three kinds of landform respectively, according to the ground coordinate (X of any point in landform to be measured
i, Y
i, Z
i) (i=1,2 ..., n), coordinate the picture point image space coordinate (u of shooting
i, v
i), utilize digital-to-analogue 1., 5. and 3., 4., finally ask the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and height of tree value that calculate standing tree to be measured in landform to be measured.
4, when the terraced fields that district to be measured landform is rule, and when not having known point and graticule, as shown in Figure 4, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of the standing tree to be measured measured respectively on each terraced fields face is needed; Measure each bank high level h of terraced fields
i(i=1,2 ..., n), with fixed-focus digital camera, photographed in region to be measured; On same terraced fields face, assumed height Z=Z
0, for arbitrary bank height h
i, utilize digital-to-analogue 2., coordinate the bank height h in camera focus f and this terraced fields face
iand the high two-end-point image space coordinate up and down of bank, determine ground elevation Z; 3. and 4. utilize mathematical model respectively, determine the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree value of standing tree to be measured.
Claims (4)
1. resolve camera fast to photograph arbitrarily the method for internal and external orientation, it is characterized in that: u
1v
1u
2v
2Δ u
iΔ v
ifirst, make the equilateral triangle reflector plate that the length of side is 1m, wherein, equilateral triangle is divided into the little equilateral triangle that four length of sides are 0.Sm; Secondly, reflector plate is pasted on a vertical plane, aim at reflector plate with camera to be measured and photograph arbitrarily, wherein, ensure that reflector plate is clearly imaged in shooting photo; Then, for camera internal position element Δ u, Δ v, f, mathematical model need be utilized 1.
wherein, (X
i, Y
i, Z
i) be the object coordinates of reflector plate any point, (u
i, v
i) be the image space coordinate of picture point any on reflector plate, f represents camera focus, according to the unique point on reflector plate and the feature length of side, substitutes into model, by interative computation, tries to achieve camera internal position element value.
2. resolve camera fast according to claim 1 one kind to photograph arbitrarily the method for internal and external orientation, it is characterized in that: analytical model asks the feasibility of calculation first, reflector plate having 6 unique points, namely there are 21 unknown numbers, according to model 1.
list 12 equations; Secondly, choose 10 feature length of sides according to reflector plate, utilize model 2.
wherein, l is the length of side of characteristic edge on reflector plate, and (Δ Y, Δ Y, Δ Z) is the object coordinates value of characteristic edge two-end-point any on reflector plate, sets up 10 equations; Then, due to equation number redundant unknown number, there is redundant observation, so equation has solution.
3. resolving camera fast according to claim 1 one kind to photograph arbitrarily the method for internal and external orientation, it is characterized in that: for resolving outer orientation angular amount element
first, image space coordinate system S-XYZ and photo coordinate system o-uv is set up to photography photo; Secondly, the relative position relation of picture planimetric coordinates initial point o and actual image space coordinate is determined; Then, analyze photo, learn that κ angle is the angle that reflector plate rotates around X-axis,
angle is the angle that reflector plate rotates around Z axis, and ω angle is the angle that reflector plate rotates around Y-axis; Then, be reflected in plane, κ angle is the angle of reflector plate perpendicular bisector and v axle,
angle is the horizontal angle of line of o point and u axle, the actual intersection point of v axle, and ω angle is the inclination angle of line of o point and u axle, the actual intersection point of v axle.
4.
Z＝Z
0 Z＝aX+bY+cXY+dZ
i＝aX
i+bY
i+cX
iY
i+d。
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| CN201510602573.6A CN105180907A (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Fixed-focus-camera single-image tree measuring method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106248052A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-12-21 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of telescope cooperative intelligent mobile phone and electronic distance meter long-distance photograph measuring method |
| CN109029263A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | 北京地林远景信息技术有限公司 | A kind of technical method photogrammetric for underground pipe well monolithic |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101021409A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2007-08-22 | 北京林业大学 | Close-range ordinery digital camera tree metering method |
| CN104089607A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 北京林业大学 | Normal case photography forest metrology method through common digital camera |
-
2015
- 2015-09-18 CN CN201510602573.6A patent/CN105180907A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101021409A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2007-08-22 | 北京林业大学 | Close-range ordinery digital camera tree metering method |
| CN104089607A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 北京林业大学 | Normal case photography forest metrology method through common digital camera |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106248052A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-12-21 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of telescope cooperative intelligent mobile phone and electronic distance meter long-distance photograph measuring method |
| CN109029263A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | 北京地林远景信息技术有限公司 | A kind of technical method photogrammetric for underground pipe well monolithic |
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Application publication date: 20151223 |
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