CN105177294A - Microemulsion system and method for extracting and separating nickel and lithium - Google Patents

Microemulsion system and method for extracting and separating nickel and lithium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105177294A
CN105177294A CN201510448857.4A CN201510448857A CN105177294A CN 105177294 A CN105177294 A CN 105177294A CN 201510448857 A CN201510448857 A CN 201510448857A CN 105177294 A CN105177294 A CN 105177294A
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lithium
nickel
microemulsion system
extracting
microemulsion
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CN105177294B (en
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李大枝
陈志强
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Linzhou (Juye) Incubator Co., Ltd
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Binzhou University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a microemulsion system and method for extracting and separating nickel and lithium. The microemulsion system and method for extracting and separating nickel and lithium are characterized in that the microemulsion system comprises surfactant saponification P204, cosurfactant hexyl alcohol and organic phase normal heptane; NaOh is used for saponifying P204 according to steps, and the saponification P204 is prepared into the microemulsion system with other ingredients; microemulsion and an external water phase containing nickel ions and lithium ions are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:6-10 and put into a water bath constant temperature oscillator after even mixing; oscillation is carried out for 8 minutes at the room temperature with the oscillation frequency of 150 rpm; and the mixture is taken out and then subjected to standing for 4 hours, the water phase is taken and absorbed through atoms to measure the absorbance, and the extraction rate is calculated. The stable microemulsion system is established with the saponification P204 as the surfactant, the hexyl alcohol as the cosurfactant and the normal heptane as the organic phase to separate nickel and lithium; in the method, the dosage of the P204 and the dosage of the organic phase are small, a salting-out agent does not need to be additionally added, so that operation is more simple, the separating speed is increased, and the separating efficiency is greatly improved; and the reverse extraction steps are simple, and the organic phase obtained after reverse extraction can be recycled.

Description

The microemulsion system of a kind of extracting and separating nickel and lithium and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the separation technology field of nickel and lithium, be specifically related to microemulsion system and the method for a kind of extracting and separating nickel and lithium, the method can be used for being separated of nickel and lithium in waste nickel acid lithium battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery use and the amount of discarding in cumulative year after year trend, according to investigations, the lithium ion battery that the whole world is discarded every year is more than 1,000,000,000, and the reprocessing of waste and old lithium ion battery and the separation of each metal are an important resource recovery job with reclaiming.Have a class positive electrode material to be lithium nickel oxide in lithium ion battery, be lithium nickelate battery, the improper process of such battery can cause the waste of nickel and lithium.At present, the main method reclaiming the precious metals such as nickel from waste and old lithium ion battery has burning method and hydrometallurgical.Burning method is because equipment is complicated, energy consumption is high, pollute the reasons such as large, and application is restricted; Hydrometallurgical is simple and easy to do, cost is low, have more optimistic application prospect.In hydrometallurgy, one of gordian technique is the effective separation how realizing ion, chemical precipitation method, ionic adsorption method and solvent extration etc. are mainly contained for separating of the method for metal ion in existing hydrometallurgical processes, adopt chemical precipitation method, adding of excessive precipitation agent, new pollution can be brought; Often there is adsorption selectivity difference, shortcoming that yield is on the low side in ionic adsorption method; Solvent extraction solvent extration has the advantages such as selectivity is better, organic efficiency is high, good separating effect, but solvent extraction also exists Solvent quantity comparatively greatly, and extraction time is longer, and emulsion used is more, easily causes the wasting of resources, increases the deficiency of extraction cost.Microemulsion extracting and separating metal ion has the advantages such as separation efficiency is high, selectivity is strong, use range is wide, P204(and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ester) be the conventional extraction agent of extracting and separating metal ion, but using P204 as in the application of extraction agent in prior art, there is the defects such as Solvent quantity is large, stripping steps long flow path, liquid waste disposal difficulty are large, seriously govern the development of the metal ion such as separating nickel, lithium in waste and old lithium ion battery.Therefore, how to realize in waste and old lithium ion battery that the separation of metal ions such as nickel, lithium speed is fast, separation efficiency is high, selectivity good, economic environmental protection, separation method simple to operate be the problem urgently to be resolved hurrily faced in current industry.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above the problems of the prior art, the microemulsion system proposing a kind of extracting and separating nickel and lithium of the invention and method, this microemulsion system utilizes that saponification P204 cooks cosurfactant as tensio-active agent, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane is cooked organic phase and builds stable microemulsion system and carry out being separated of nickel and lithium, the method P204 and organic phase consumption few, do not need additional salting-out agent, operate simpler, velocity of separation is accelerated, separation efficiency improves greatly, stripping steps is simple, and the organic phase after back extraction can be recycled.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The microemulsion system of a kind of extracting and separating nickel and lithium, its feature is that this microemulsion system comprises tensio-active agent saponification P204, cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol, organic phase normal heptane, the volume ratio of saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane is 0.5 ~ 1:2 ~ 4:6 ~ 8, the preparation process of this microemulsion system is: mixed saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane 0.5 ~ 1:2 by volume ~ 4:6 ~ 8, by mixed solution under room temperature ultrasonic 30 minutes, after taking out, leave standstill 24 hours.
The saponification step of the above tensio-active agent saponification P204 is: in P204, add the NaOH solution that concentration is 1.0mol/L, mix and be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature vibrate 30 minutes, leave standstill 12 hours after taking out, wherein P204 and NaOH solution mol ratio are 3 ~ 1:1 ~ 2.
A kind ofly utilize the method for the above microemulsion system extracting and separating nickel and lithium: get above-mentioned microemulsion by microemulsion with aqueous phase water volume ratio for mix (in outer aqueous phase nickel ion and lithium ion) for 1:6 ~ 10, after mixing, be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature shakes 8 minutes, after taking-up, leave standstill 4 hours, water intaking phase, uses atomic absorption detecting absorbancy, calculates percentage extraction.
Extracting and separating nickel as previously discussed and the microemulsion system of lithium, can be used for being separated of nickel and lithium in waste nickel acid lithium battery, and in for waste nickel acid lithium battery during being separated of nickel and lithium, outer aqueous phase is waste nickel acid lithium battery leach liquor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: velocity of separation is fast, within 8 minutes, separation can be completed, separation efficiency is high, the percentage extraction of nickel is more than 99.6%, and the separation factor of nickel and lithium is 338, far above prior art, it is few that organic phase and P204 consumption extract consumption compared with usual vehicle, the easy back extraction of organic phase produced, the organic phase obtained after back extraction is reusable, economic environmental protection.Common microemulsion extraction system and solvent-extraction system, in order to increase the percentage extraction of ion, often add the salting-out agent such as sodium-chlor, brings difficulty to the process of follow-up waste water, do not need additional salting-out agent in the inventive method, and operation is more simple, environmental protection.Saponification P204 plays the dual function of tensio-active agent and extraction agent, decreases raw material type, is more convenient to Preparatory work of experiment.
Embodiment
For the technical characterstic of the present invention program can be clearly demonstrated, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is set forth.
Embodiment 1:
Saponification: add the NaOH solution that 22mL concentration is 1.0mol/L in 5.0mLP204, mix and be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature vibrates 30 minutes, leaves standstill 12 hours after taking out.
Prepared by microemulsion: saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume: 0.8:3:7 mixes, and by mixed solution under room temperature ultrasonic 30 minutes, leaves standstill 24 hours, obtain clear microemulsion system after taking out.
Extracting and separating: get above-mentioned micro emulsion 5.0mL is 1:8 mixing (wherein, in outer aqueous phase, the concentration of nickel ion and lithium ion is respectively 100mg/L and 80mg/L) by ratio of milk and water, after mixing, be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature shakes 8 minutes, after taking-up, leave standstill 4 hours, water intaking phase, uses atomic absorption detecting absorbancy, calculating percentage extraction is 99.79%, and separation factor is 340.Table 1 is the related data of three parallel laboratory tests.
The percentage extraction of nickel and separation factor under table 1 optimal conditions
The median extraction rate of above nickel is 99.68%, though heat also has the scheme that can reach percentage extraction about 99.68% in existing technique, or even higher than 99.68% extraction scheme, but be greatly the organic phase of extraction agent and the volume ratio of aqueous phase mainly with P204 be 1:1, and the volume ratio of microemulsion and aqueous phase is in 1:7 ~ 9 in the application, the consumption of extraction agent greatly reduces relatively.
Embodiment 2:
Saponification: add the NaOH solution that concentration is 1.0mol/L in P204, mol ratio P204:NaOH solution is: 1:1.5, mixes and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature vibrates 30 minutes, leaves standstill 12 hours after taking out.
Prepared by microemulsion: saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume: 0.5:2:6 mixes, and by mixed solution under room temperature ultrasonic 30 minutes, leaves standstill 24 hours, obtain clear microemulsion system after taking out.
Extracting and separating: get above-mentioned micro emulsion 5.0mL is 1:7 mixing (wherein, in outer aqueous phase, the concentration of nickel ion and lithium ion is respectively 100mg/L and 80mg/L) by ratio of milk and water, after mixing, be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature shakes 8 minutes, after taking-up, leave standstill 4 hours, water intaking phase, by atomic absorption detecting absorbancy is, calculating percentage extraction is 99.52%, and separation factor is 335.
Embodiment 3:
Saponification: add the NaOH solution that concentration is 1.0mol/L in P204, mol ratio P204:NaOH solution is: 1:2, mixes and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature vibrates 30 minutes, leaves standstill 12 hours after taking out.
Prepared by microemulsion: saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume: 1:4:8 mixes, and by mixed solution under room temperature ultrasonic 30 minutes, leaves standstill 24 hours, obtain clear microemulsion system after taking out.
Extracting and separating: get above-mentioned micro emulsion 5.0mL is 1:9 mixing (wherein, in outer aqueous phase, the concentration of nickel ion and lithium ion is respectively 100mg/L and 80mg/L) by ratio of milk and water, after mixing, be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature shakes 8 minutes, after taking-up, leave standstill 4 hours, water intaking phase, by atomic absorption detecting absorbancy is, calculating percentage extraction is 99.73%, and separation factor is 339.
The application has investigated the factors such as saponification degree, different alcohol, extraction time, extraction temperature, microemulsion and aqueous phase volume ratio to the impact of percentage extraction simultaneously.Table 2-4 sets forth saponification degree, different alcohol, microemulsion and aqueous phase volume ratio to the impact of percentage extraction
1, saponification degree is on the impact of percentage extraction:
Fixing microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio 1:8, at bath temperature 298.15K, duration of oscillation 8 minutes, the water-bath constant temperature oscillator of oscillation frequency 150rpm carries out extracting and separating, take out separatory after static 4 hours, take off the absorbancy that layer aqueous phase atomic absorption spectrophotometer measures nickel ion and lithium ion, calculate the percentage extraction of nickel and lithium, concrete numerical value is in table 2.
The mol ratio of table 2P204 and NaOH is on the impact of percentage extraction
Known by table 2 experimental data, P204 and NaOH mol ratio is under the condition of 2.5:1,2:1,1:1.5, the percentage extraction (%) of Ni is all more than 99%, and when proportioning is 1:1.5, the proportioning difference of Li and Ni is maximum, both separating effects are best, can make further specific aim inquiry experiment under P204 and NaOH mol ratio is the condition of 1:1.5.
2, different alcohol is as the impact of cosurfactant on percentage extraction:
The mol ratio 1:1.5 of microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio 1:8, P204 and NaOH, selects the cosurfactant that primary isoamyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol, Pentyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol etc. are different respectively.At bath temperature 298.15K, duration of oscillation 8 minutes, the water bath with thermostatic control vibrator of oscillation frequency 150rpm carries out extracting and separating, take out separatory after static 4 hours, take off the absorbancy that layer aqueous phase atomic absorption spectrophotometer measures nickel ion and lithium ion, calculate the percentage extraction of nickel and lithium, result is as shown in table 3 below.
Table 3 cosurfactant is on the impact of percentage extraction
Known by table 3 experimental data, when cosurfactant is n-hexyl alcohol, the percentage extraction of Ni is 99.09%, and percentage extraction is the highest, and the percentage extraction of Li is 11.55%, and maximum with the percentage extraction difference of Ni, separating effect is best.
3, microemulsion and aqueous phase volume ratio are on the impact of percentage extraction:
By different microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio, duration of oscillation 8 minutes, bath temperature 298.15K, the water bath with thermostatic control vibrator of oscillation frequency 150rpm carries out extracting and separating, take out separatory after static 4 hours, take off the absorbancy that layer aqueous phase atomic absorption spectrophotometer surveys nickel ion and lithium ion, calculate the percentage extraction of nickel and lithium, result is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio are on the impact of percentage extraction
Known by table 4 experimental data, when microemulsion and aqueous phase volume ratio are 1:6 and 1:8, the percentage extraction of Ni is the highest, and maximum with the percentage extraction difference of Li, separating effect is best, especially when microemulsion and aqueous phase volume ratio are 1:8, the percentage extraction of Ni is 99.27%, the percentage extraction of Li is 11.16%, and maximum with the percentage extraction difference of Ni, extracting and separating effect is best.

Claims (7)

1. the microemulsion system of an extracting and separating nickel and lithium, it is characterized in that: this microemulsion system comprises tensio-active agent saponification di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ester (P204), cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol, organic phase normal heptane, the volume ratio of saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane is 0.5 ~ 1:2 ~ 4:6 ~ 8.
2. the microemulsion system of a kind of extracting and separating nickel as claimed in claim 1 and lithium, it is characterized in that the preparation process of microemulsion system is: mixed saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane 0.5 ~ 1:2 by volume ~ 4:6 ~ 8, by mixed solution under room temperature ultrasonic 30 minutes, after taking out, leave standstill 24 hours.
3. the microemulsion system of a kind of extracting and separating nickel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and lithium, it is characterized in that the saponification step of tensio-active agent saponification P204 is: in P204, add the NaOH solution that concentration is 1.0mol/L, mix and be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature vibrate 30 minutes, after taking out, leave standstill 12 hours.
4. the microemulsion system of a kind of extracting and separating nickel as claimed in claim 3 and lithium, is characterized in that: described P204 and NaOH solution mol ratio are 3 ~ 1:1 ~ 2.
5. the microemulsion system extracting and separating nickel of a utilization as described in claim 1 or 2 or 4 and the method for lithium, it is characterized in that: getting above-mentioned microemulsion by microemulsion and outer aqueous phase water volume ratio is that 1:6 ~ 10 mix (containing nickel ion and lithium ion in outer aqueous phase), after mixing, be placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, oscillation frequency is 150rpm, at room temperature shake 8 minutes, after taking-up, leave standstill 4 hours, water intaking phase, use atomic absorption detecting absorbancy, calculate percentage extraction.
6. the extracting and separating nickel as described in claim 1 or 2 or 4 and the microemulsion system of lithium, is characterized in that can be used for being separated of nickel and lithium in waste nickel acid lithium battery.
7. a kind of method utilizing microemulsion system extracting and separating nickel and lithium as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described outer aqueous phase is waste nickel acid lithium battery leach liquor.
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CN109913666A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-21 滨州学院 The sugar analysis three-phase system and method for a kind of extraction and separation Fe (III), Cr (III) and Ni (II)

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CN109913666A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-21 滨州学院 The sugar analysis three-phase system and method for a kind of extraction and separation Fe (III), Cr (III) and Ni (II)

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