CN1051651A - Non-linear red, green, blue vision signal is handled - Google Patents
Non-linear red, green, blue vision signal is handled Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1051651A CN1051651A CN90109109A CN90109109A CN1051651A CN 1051651 A CN1051651 A CN 1051651A CN 90109109 A CN90109109 A CN 90109109A CN 90109109 A CN90109109 A CN 90109109A CN 1051651 A CN1051651 A CN 1051651A
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- linear
- vision signal
- detail
- voltage
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- 206010051819 Cyanopsia Diseases 0.000 title description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/68—Circuits for processing colour signals for controlling the amplitude of colour signals, e.g. automatic chroma control circuits
- H04N9/69—Circuits for processing colour signals for controlling the amplitude of colour signals, e.g. automatic chroma control circuits for modifying the colour signals by gamma correction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Picture Signal Circuits (AREA)
- Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The non-linear video signal treatment system provides gamma to proofread and correct to improve the reproduction near the pictorial detail of black.In addition, use the intensifier circuit of brightness and frequency dependence in bright image region, to improve the detail signal contrast and improve image brightness.In each chrominance channel, it is low level range signal part (V that each colour signal (R, G, B) is separated (18) gradually
2) and high level range signal part (V
3).Higher level amplitude part (V
3) by high-pass equipment filtering (20).Low level signal part (V
2) and the higher amplitude signal of high-pass equipment filtering part (V
4) addition (R
1, R
2, R
4) go up to produce the composite signal (i of coupling (12) to picture tube to original linear video signal (V or R)
5).Low level signal part (V
2) direct-current coupling (R
2) to linear signal (V
1), and high level signal is partly exchanged (C
2) be coupled to linear segment (V
1).
Description
The present invention relates to non-linear video signal handles.
Fig. 1 illustrates the gamma (gamma) of video signal transmission system each side, and wherein curve 1a represents the transfer characteristic of transmission aspect, and curve 1b represents the transfer characteristic of picture tube (CRT), and curve 1c represents total transfer characteristic.
NTSC, the PAL of emission and the vision signal of SECAM TV (TV) standard have 0.45 to 0.5 gamma, and the picture tube of color TV (CTV) receiver has 2.8 to 3.1 gamma.As a result, total conversion diagram (entering the light of light-picture tube output of gamma camera) is not linear, and in fact overall gamma is about 1.35 and be not equal to 1.The index transfer characteristic that this means picture tube can not be compensated fully, and causes the compression to the black image area that shows.This compression causes the image near black to lose details, and fades and be black in wounded look zone.Simultaneously, with respect to the black part, white is excessively enlarged the degree that usually reaches the saturated image diffusion of picture tube.Linear total transfer characteristic is avoided this black compression, and adds in can each amplifier by red, green and blue in television receiver (R, G and B) that 0.8 gamma is proofreaied and correct and obtain.Yet the dynamic range of picture tube output light is quite little, does not reach this scope of picture tube saturation point that causes image diffusion and just can not enlarge.Therefore, the gamma that increases the dark picture areas amplification quantity is proofreaied and correct the compression that causes high signal level white signal.This available Fig. 2 a that gamma correction ramp signal is shown is illustrated.Peak white must keep with the same level of timing dotted line not to avoid the picture tube image diffusion.As a result, the top slope of ramp signal reduces shown in Fig. 2 b, and the observer finds lacking contrast and causing the image that fades from ash to white area of image.Under this occasion, be the improvement that cost obtains this image low-light level part contrast with the high brightness contrast distortion.
According to one aspect of the invention, the visible contrast of image is to come improved by the Nonlinear Processing of vision signal.More particularly, vision signal is separated into the Nonlinear Processing of low level range signal part (near black) and high level range signal part (near white) each signal section is carried out to open.The low level range signal is partly carried out Nonlinear Processing and combined with former linear signal.According to the present invention on the other hand, to the signal section of higher level amplitude do Nonlinear Processing and high-pass filtering and with former linear signal combination.According to further aspect of the present invention, the low level range signal part of Nonlinear Processing and the high level range signal of Nonlinear Processing and high-pass filtering are partly made up the vision signal through the gamma correction that has the detail signal contrast of enhancing in the extremely white image region of ash to be created in former linear signal.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, describe the present invention in detail.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 as previously mentioned, the transfer characteristic that transmitter, television receiver is shown and comprises total television system of transmitter and receiver.
Fig. 2 illustrates the diagrammatic representation of ramp signal as previously mentioned, and this ramp signal has been made gamma and proofreaied and correct, and helps to understand the advantage of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 circuit.
Fig. 3 illustrates the block representation according to the example circuit of one aspect of the invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the more detailed block representation according to Fig. 3 circuit of one aspect of the invention.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate time and frequency domain waveform respectively, help to understand the operation of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 circuit.
Fig. 7 illustrates the circuit enforcement detailed schematic diagram that realizes Fig. 4 circuit according to the present invention on the other hand.
Fig. 8 illustrates the detailed schematic diagram of implementing according to the optimal circuit of Fig. 4 circuit of another aspect of the invention.
In these figure, corresponding element is labelled with same numeral.
Fig. 3 illustrates the block diagram of the main circuit of coupling between color TV set brightness-chroma processor 10 and the video output amplifier 12 and represents.The circuit of redness (R) passage only is shown on the figure, and green (G) and blue (B) passage using identical circuit, is the linear ramps (14) with overlapping detail signal 16 that vertical short-term indicates by the R output signal of the processor shown in the example 10.Detail signal 16 be frequency be higher than 0.5MHz and corresponding on 28 inches screen size color TV set horizontal directions less than the vision signal of 1.2cm pictorial detail.
The R signal is coupled to non-linear or soft demultiplexer 18, and this separator is separated into low level part (black in grey image region) and high level part (ash is to white image region) with signal " little by little ".Partly carry out filtering by 20 pairs of these high level signals of the high pass filter that can comprise capacitor C.Adder 22 is arrived in low level signal direct-current coupling.The high-pass filtering part of high level signal is ac-coupled to adder 22 by capacitor C.Be coupled to the output signal of amplifier 12 with generation by the high level part of the former R signal of adder 22 combinations, low level signal part and high-pass filtering.Low level part (black in ash) is added to the R signal forms the gamma correction.The part of adding high-pass filtering strengthens high level (ash is to white) video detail signal contrast.
Fig. 4 illustrates in greater detail the circuit of Fig. 3.The waveform of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 helps the operation of key diagram 4 circuit.Waveform 5a illustrates the input signal V that is made up of the detail signal 16 that superposes about staircase waveform 15 and 2MHz
1Waveform 5b and 5c illustrate " soft " Signal Separation of being carried out by nonlinear signal separator 18.Should be understood that V
2Spread reduce and V gradually
3Spread increase gradually.V
2And V
3And equal input voltage V
1The frequency response of Signal Separation is smooth, shown in the middle correspondent frequency response curve of Fig. 5 a '-5c '.By voltage V
1And V
2Drive video output amplifier 12 by resistance R 1 and R2, wherein R2 resistance and R1 equate.V
2The gain that the reducing of spread represented video output amplifier 12 from 60 to 30(corresponding to 0.8 gamma) gradual change.Illustrate this gradual change at Fig. 6 a, and Fig. 6 a ' illustrates V
1And V
2Sum.This spread (contrast) is reduced to the higher signal level gradually.Can transmit V by high pass filter 20
3, derive high frequency detail signal V
4V
4Output voltage and frequency response such as 5d and 5d ' diagram.Voltage V
4Capacitive coupling (by capacitor C2) arrives the video amplifier 12 to produce the signal V shown in Fig. 6 b and the 6b '
1+ V
4The coupling resistance R4(resistance of available suitable low resistance=R1/2) acquisition promotes the detail signal of 6dB.Coupling capacitor C2 prevents from any luminance signal (DC component) is added to the video amplifier 12 inputs.Fig. 6 c and 6c ' diagram are similar to the drive current i of anti-phase amplifier 12 output voltages
5The low frequency stairstep signal of Fig. 6 c is similar to Fig. 6 a, is obtained the contrast that pictorial detail strengthens but detail signal fully promotes in brightness region.The average electrical electron-beam current is because AC coupled there is no remarkable increase.Also can increase V in a small amount by coupling capacitor C1 and resistance R 3(resistance=5R1)
3In order to avoid that the colour of the image region of big light moves back is saturated.
Fig. 7 illustrates the schematic diagram according to the non-linear signal processor of example of the present invention.RGB processor 10, for example, the TDA3506 integrated circuit of being made by Dutch philips company drives video output amplifiers 12 by resistance 30.Feedback resistance 32 is determined the gain of amplifier 12.With biasing resistor 34 at drive current i
5Equal to adjust the bright spot cut-ff voltage that makes picture tube at 0 o'clock and be set to 150 volts.This adjustment need be to the suitable adjustment (not shown) of CRT second grid.The black level that automatic screen biasing (AKB) circuit 36 is adjusted processor 10 outputs makes the i of black signal
5Be 0, the Q3 bias current flows into processors 10 by resistance 30, and making black level is as pointed 2 volts of V.
Transistor Q1 is unity gain inverter and DC level shift unit, and differential amplifier Q2, Q3 and Q4 provide the Signal Separation shown in Fig. 5 b and 5c waveform.The base stage of Q3 and Q4 is setovered so that to the corresponding signal Q3 conducting of black image and Q4 ends.Current source Q2 makes this signal inversion so that current i
2With voltage V
1Same-phase.
The ramp voltage V that increases
1Produce the slope current i that increases
2, with this current i
2Be added to the drive current i of amplifier 12
5And the generation gamma is proofreaied and correct.Current i
2Waveform and the voltage V of Fig. 5 b
2Waveform identical.The Q2 emitter voltage is coupled to the Q4 base stage by resistance 38.The voltage V that increases
1Make the Q2 emitter voltage descend, make the Q4 base voltage to descend and begin conducting until Q4.As a result, the voltage V of Fig. 5 c
3Increase and V gradually
2Slope reduces gradually.Feedback resistance 40 provide the Q2 collector current at Q3 to the level and smooth transformation between the Q4, shown in waveform 5b and 5c.V
1Further increase and make i
2Remain unchanged and make V
3With V
1Same speed increases.Because being 1 Q4, resistance 38,40 and 42 resistance, this Available Gain realize.
In the separation that resistance 42 two ends are produced to high level signal V
3Be added to emitter follower Q5, this emitter follower drives the high pass filter that comprises resistance 44 and electric capacity 46.A small amount of V
3Signal is by electric capacity 48 and resistance 50 output amplifier 12 of feeding.As pointing out that preceding this AC coupled broadband signal has been improved the color saturation of bright area of image, cause Signal Compression otherwise can proofread and correct, and slightly lose saturated because of gamma.By the detail signal voltage V of the amplifier centering that comprises transistor Q6 to high level
4Amplify to obtain the detail signal that 6dB promotes.Detail signal is coupled to output amplifier 12 by electric capacity 54 and resistance 52.Also as previously mentioned, the advantage of AC coupled is to have improved briliancy (contrast details) and do not increase the average light beam electronic current and do not change black level.
Fig. 8 illustrate according to of the present invention, use the circuit diagram of TDA 3552 integrated circuits as the non-linear video signal preprocessor most preferred embodiment of signal source 10.This circuit is used as amplifier 12 with the pay(useful) load video output amplifier.Provide Voltage Feedback so that obtain the Low ESR summing point by resistance 64 at its input 66.
Emitter follower input Q10 is as video voltage V
1Low impedance source.Differential pair Q12, Q13 are with video voltage V
1Be split into the signal I of low and high brightness
2And V
3Transistor Q12 is complete conducting under the signal level corresponding to very low image brightness.To make output amplifier 12 produce gain be 60 to coupling resistance 68 and 70 like this, concurrently.The signal division of this circuit produces drive current I
2Replace voltage V shown in Figure 4
2
Transistor Q12 is with V
1Increase and conducting reduces, when transistor Q12 by the time gain reach 30, the gradually changing of output amplifier gain as I
2Institute carries out like that, produces desired gamma and proofreaies and correct.Before transistor Q12 ended when middle luminance level, transistor Q13 began conducting and produces voltage V at its collector electrode
3Voltage V
3Expression comprises the pictorial information of intensity level between grey and the peak white.With signal voltage V
3Be added to the emitter follower Q14 that drives the high pass filter that comprises resistance 72 and electric capacity 74.This high pass filter will be corresponding to the signal V of grey
4Be separated into the white portion detail signal that is used for enhancing contrast ratio.Signal V
4Amplify the detail signal that is coupled to amplifier 12 by capacitor 82 and resistance 84 to produce by transistor Q15.As previously mentioned, with a small amount of V
3Signal directly exchanges by capacitor 76 and resistance 79 and feeds back to output amplifier 12.
The base bias of transistor Q12 and Q13 is on the fixing relative voltage of being set up by diode Di and D2.The quiescent current that resistance 78 produces 0.3mA by transistor Q13 in case transistor Q13 ended by the gray level signal peak.
Black level voltage by transistor Q10 emitter is set to 3.5 volts, and by the correct second grid voltage of adjusting CRT, thereby the luminous point cut-ff voltage (not shown) of picture tube negative electrode 80 is set to about 160V.
This circuit need not be in the calibration of RGB interchannel to avoid the tracking error.This is because the result of Signal Separation gradually.
A kind of fact that the utilization of this circuit is such, promptly for the variation that is extended to big zone, naked eyes change more responsive to the contrast of little image region.With in the frequency that produced to the high brightness pictorial detail promoted and AC coupled in main video signal.This just forms does not increase the average light beam electronic current to the remarkable improvement of brightness.This AC coupled only increases so-called detail contrast, and direct current luminance signal and big region contrast are all unaffected.Before the picture tube image diffusion occurs, the beam current in the time of can driving the beam current of this picture tube when the details of zonule greater than big regional signal.Because large-scale picture tube is limited in almost and the peak beam current identical than tubule by electron gun, planar mask and fluorophor, and image will spread all over much bigger zone, darker and contrast is little so seem than tubule, so this brightness improvement is particularly important to large-scale picture tube.
Claims (7)
1, apparatus for processing of video signals is characterized in that:
Be used for vision signal (V
1) be separated into corresponding to described vision signal (V
1) than the first signal (V of low amplitude level
2) and corresponding to described vision signal (V
1) secondary signal (V of higher amplitude level
3) device (18).
Be used for described secondary signal (V
3) device (20) that carries out high-pass equipment filtering, and
Be used to make up described vision signal (V
1), the described first signal (V
2) and described high-pass equipment filtering secondary signal (V
4) to produce composite signal (i
5) device (R
1, R
2, R
4).
2, install according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described device (18) is used for described vision signal (V
1) be separated into the described first (V gradually
2) and secondary signal (V
3).
3, install according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described high-pass equipment filtering secondary signal (V
4) AC coupled (C2) is to described composite set.
4, as device as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that the described first signal (V
2) direct-current coupling (R2) is to described composite set.
5, as device as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that described composite set comprises adder.
6, install according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described vision signal (V
3) be in the red, green and blue signal at least one.
7, as device as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that described secondary signal (V
3) at least a portion AC coupled (C1) to described composite set.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US583,881 | 1989-09-19 | ||
| GB898925438A GB8925438D0 (en) | 1989-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | Non-linear rgb video signal processing |
| GB8925438 | 1989-11-10 | ||
| US07/583,881 US5083198A (en) | 1989-11-10 | 1990-09-19 | Nonlinear RGB video signal processing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1051651A true CN1051651A (en) | 1991-05-22 |
| CN1031093C CN1031093C (en) | 1996-02-21 |
Family
ID=26296183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90109109A Expired - Lifetime CN1031093C (en) | 1989-09-19 | 1990-11-09 | Nonlinear RGB. video signal processing |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0427564B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2696728B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1031093C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE146324T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU648276B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9005666A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2027337C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ285617B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69029369T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0427564T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2095866T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI98184C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3022555T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU208774B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY106634A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL163853B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT95719B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG82530A1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR26358A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4137373C1 (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-06-17 | Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| MY110211A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1998-02-28 | Rca Thomson Licensing Corp | Kinescope driver apparatus with contrast enhancement. |
| DE4300304C2 (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 2003-07-17 | Bts Holding Internat Bv Breda | Circuit arrangement for gamma correction |
| US5349389A (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-09-20 | Rca Thomson Licensing Corporation | Video attenuator with output combined with signal from non-linear shunt branch to provide gamma correction and high frequency detail enhancement |
| US5889565A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 1999-03-30 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Method and apparatus for improving the color rendition of color television receivers |
| US6961066B2 (en) | 1999-04-13 | 2005-11-01 | Athentech Technologies, Inc. | Automatic color adjustment for digital images |
| KR101221865B1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2013-01-14 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Sparkle processing |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB855587A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1960-12-07 | Fernseh Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the photographic recording of television or like signals |
| JPS5136194A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-03-26 | Sanyo Jido Hanbaiki Kk | |
| US4038685A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1977-07-26 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus for automatic gamma control of television color signals |
| US4057828A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-11-08 | Harris Corporation | Contrast compression circuits |
| US4262304A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-04-14 | Faroudja Y C | Low level/signal booster for television transition |
| JPS5820096A (en) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-05 | Toshiba Corp | Digital gamma compensating circuit |
| JPS5981978A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-05-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Video signal correcting circuit |
| JP2661036B2 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1997-10-08 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Contour correction device |
| US4812905A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-03-14 | Rossi John P | System for compensating for the violation of the constant luminance principle in color television systems |
| JP2605780B2 (en) * | 1988-02-13 | 1997-04-30 | ソニー株式会社 | Gamma correction circuit for luminance signal |
-
1990
- 1990-10-11 CA CA002027337A patent/CA2027337C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-16 MY MYPI90001803A patent/MY106634A/en unknown
- 1990-10-29 PT PT95719A patent/PT95719B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-31 CZ CS905339A patent/CZ285617B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-05 TR TR90/1075A patent/TR26358A/en unknown
- 1990-11-05 FI FI905472A patent/FI98184C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-08 BR BR909005666A patent/BR9005666A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-09 AU AU65992/90A patent/AU648276B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-09 ES ES90312286T patent/ES2095866T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 CN CN90109109A patent/CN1031093C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 JP JP2302815A patent/JP2696728B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 SG SG9602392A patent/SG82530A1/en unknown
- 1990-11-09 PL PL90287704A patent/PL163853B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-09 HU HU907084A patent/HU208774B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-09 DK DK90312286.9T patent/DK0427564T3/en active
- 1990-11-09 AT AT90312286T patent/ATE146324T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-09 EP EP90312286A patent/EP0427564B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 DE DE69029369T patent/DE69029369T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-02-12 GR GR970400245T patent/GR3022555T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2027337A1 (en) | 1991-05-11 |
| HU907084D0 (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| SG82530A1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| TR26358A (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| FI905472A0 (en) | 1990-11-05 |
| DE69029369T2 (en) | 1997-04-10 |
| MY106634A (en) | 1995-06-30 |
| PT95719B (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| FI98184B (en) | 1997-01-15 |
| PT95719A (en) | 1992-06-30 |
| HU208774B (en) | 1993-12-28 |
| CN1031093C (en) | 1996-02-21 |
| AU6599290A (en) | 1991-05-16 |
| ES2095866T3 (en) | 1997-03-01 |
| JPH03185973A (en) | 1991-08-13 |
| DK0427564T3 (en) | 1997-06-02 |
| GR3022555T3 (en) | 1997-05-31 |
| EP0427564A3 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| PL163853B1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| CZ533990A3 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| AU648276B2 (en) | 1994-04-21 |
| ATE146324T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
| CA2027337C (en) | 2001-04-24 |
| BR9005666A (en) | 1991-09-17 |
| EP0427564A2 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| EP0427564B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| DE69029369D1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| JP2696728B2 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| PL287704A1 (en) | 1991-07-29 |
| CZ285617B6 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
| HUT55932A (en) | 1991-06-28 |
| FI98184C (en) | 1997-04-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| OR01 | Other related matters | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Expiration termination date: 20101109 Granted publication date: 19960221 |