CN105154121A - Low-rank coal gradation usage poly-generation system and method - Google Patents
Low-rank coal gradation usage poly-generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-rank coal gradation usage poly-generation system and a method thereof. The low-rank coal gradation usage poly-generation system comprises a feed coal pyrolysis carbonization system and an entrained bed dry powder gasification system, wherein in the pyrolysis carbonization system, high water/high ash low-rank coal is subjected to pyrolysis and carbonization treatment, so as to obtain crude gas, tar and semi-coke; an oil product is obtained through coal tar hydrogenation; crude gas is purified to obtain coal gas; semi-coke is fed into an entrained bed for gasification; dry powder feeding is adopted during entrained bed gasification; semi-coke is grinded and fed in a powder form; after gasification, a synthesis gas is purified and changed to obtain hydrogen needed during coal tar hydrogenation and a synthesis gas needed during chemical synthesis. The low-rank coal gradation usage poly-generation system and the method thereof have the characteristics of stable and reliable operation, easy large-scale amplification, environmental protection, energy conservation, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme and method, belong to clean energy and utilize technical field.
Background technology
Low-rank coal mainly has the material property of high-moisture or high volatile, and therefore low-rank coal calorific value is lower, and typical coal is brown coal, and as Southwestern China area and Inner Mongol area reserves comparatively horn of plenty, total amount accounts for more than 50% of national proven reserve.The few oily deficency of the rich coal of China, how efficiency utilization low-rank coal becomes current clean coal technology key subjects.No matter be combustion power generation, or Modern Coal-based Chemical utilizes, all because its Gao Shui, high ash and the large feature of low heat value three make comprehensive utilization ratio extremely low, and because high ash and high-moisture make routine techniques run into certain operating barrier.
Brown coal combustion power generation adopts Technology of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler usually, and compared to pulverized coal firing boiler, and circular fluid bed parameter level is low, load is low and operational stability is poor etc., and problem makes a large amount of low-rank coal can not get effective utilization.And Modern Coal-based Chemical technology turns to technology tap with coal gas, obtain one-level raw material CO and H needed for chemical industry synthesis by gasification
2but Coal Gasification Technology is developed so far, not yet form ripe large-scale commercial low-rank coal gasification technology, use entrained flow bed gasification technology the most general especially at present, because high water content brown coal cannot obtain high density coal slurry, make coal water slurry gasification efficiency extremely low and cannot industrial applications.When adopting dry coal powder gasification, a large amount of outer water of low-rank coal needs thoroughly to remove when could meet pressurization of dry pulverized coal two-phase transportation, and dry coal powder airflow bed gasification technology economy declines greatly.In addition, due to the foundation characteristic of low-rank coal, also cause its physical strength lower, in the easy powdered of fixed bed gasification process, have a strong impact on fixed bed gasification operational stability.Domestic a large amount of technology such as brown coal pyrolysis and brown coal destructive distillation that uses at present carries out brown coal liquefaction and gas processed, but because pyrogenation and carbonization technology is carried out (<1000 DEG C) usually at a lower temperature, therefore, the transformation efficiency of low-rank coal is lower, rich produces a large amount of semicoke and the higher lime-ash of carbon content, and this portion of product economic worth is lower, cannot as construction cement starting material, mostly to be burnt use by dwarf boiler, utilising efficiency is extremely low, and causes secondary environmental pollution again.
Therefore, develop a kind of efficiency utilization low-rank coal technology, become the important technical problem solving China's energy security problem instantly, improve low-rank coal accounting in total consumption of coal, provide technical guarantee for coal resources in China high-efficiency cleaning utilizes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve low order coal grading high-efficiency comprehensive utilization problem, the multiple product with higher economic worth of rich product simultaneously, mainly solve the low-rank coal economy dehydrations such as the high grey brown coal of high water and semicoke comprehensive utilization and be used for realizing high-efficiency cleaning conversion, realize the target of Poly-generation.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides hierarchical synthesis and utilize technique, it is characterized in that, comprise pyrogenation and carbonization pre-treating technology and efficient air fluidized bed gasifying process two parts, first part's pyrogenation and carbonization technique mainly realizes low-rank coal dehydration and part devolatilization, coal tar obtains industrial oil after aftertreatment hydrogenation, and the moisture content hardly of the raw coal after process, is similar to semicoke; The semicoke that first part's technique obtains mainly is carried out the gasification of high-temperature high-pressure air flow bed by second section entrained flow gasification technique, finally obtaining synthetic gas is hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen partial uses for the coal tar hydrogenating of first part's technique, and residue synthetic gas can be used for the application such as other chemical industry synthesis.
Preferably, described pyrogenation and carbonization process system mainly comprises, pyrogenation and carbonization reactor, tar trapping separator, tar purification device, hydrogenation of tar reactor, raw gas purifying and dedusting equipment and semicoke separated and collected device;
Described pyrogenation and carbonization process system flow process is, raw material low-rank coal after fragmentation drops into pyrogenation and carbonization reactor reaction, gaseous product enters tar trapping separator separating tar and raw gas, the tar obtained is tar removing refining plant and hydrogenation of tar reactor successively, obtains the oil products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil from hydrogenation of tar reactor outlet; Raw gas obtains qualified raw gas product through raw gas purifying and dedusting device and refining plant successively, and main component is CO, H2 and CH4, containing other hydro carbons such as a small amount of ethane;
The semicoke product that described pyrogenation and carbonization process system obtains enters entrained flow gasification process system after initial gross separation;
Described entrained flow gasification process system mainly comprises gasifying process and purification conversion process two parts, and described gasifying section is primarily of compositions such as coal-grinding equipment, pressurization lock hopper, transfer pot, vapourizing furnace and dreg removing systems;
Described purification process is mainly used in synthesis udst separation and the synthetic gas conversion of gasification generation, primarily of compositions such as washing, purifying, flash distillation purification, usage on black water and transformationreation devices;
In described entrained flow gasification process system, fuel gasifies to air flow bed high-temperature pressurizing through crushing grinding positive delivery, produce the synthetic gas based on CO and hydrogen, a large amount of thin ash particle is entrained with in synthetic gas, through purification process ash disposal purification, reach particle <1mg/Nm in synthetic gas
3, then enter transformationreation device and carry out transformationreation, CO and H in adjustment synthetic gas
2proportion of composing.
In described low-rank coal classified utilization multi-production process, synthetic gas product after a gasification part meets the demand of coal tar hydrogenating part in wherein low-rank coal pyrolysis/distillation process with the form of hydrogen.
Described low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme processing method is as follows:
1) raw material low-rank coal send into after fragmentation in low temperature pyrogenation dry distillation reactor device, temperature of reaction 300 DEG C-550 DEG C, reactor adopts autothermal or external-heat design, flow out from reactor top and be entrained with partial particulate and contain tar raw gas, temperature about 350 DEG C, the semicoke product of carbon content 50%-75% is discharged in bottom;
2) raw gas described in is cooled to normal temperature through waste heat recovery, then the tar removed after purification separation wherein and dust, and the raw gas obtained can be used as geseous fuel product for burning and other purposes;
3) coal tar described in, as one of the main products of pyrogenation and carbonization, is mainly used in oil product processing, is separated and coal tar hydrogenation process, can obtains based on the oil product of diesel oil, gasoline and petroleum naphtha by tar purifying;
4) semicoke described in is as solid product in pyrogenation and carbonization process, pyrogenation and carbonization process cannot utilize fixed carbon in low-rank coal in a large number, by crushing grinding again as the main fuel of entrained flow gasification, also the former dried low-rank coal of selectivity blending entrained flow gasification can be carried out, gasification temperature reaches more than 1300 DEG C, more than pressure 0.1MPa;
5), in the entrained flow gasification technique described in, synthetic gas product is with CO and H
2be main, volumetric concentration reaches >60% and 20% respectively, and after purification flash distillation, synthetic gas temperature is about 40 DEG C, contained concentration of solid particles <1mg/Nm
3, part enters transformationreation device, and the gas after conversion is mainly H
2, as the unstripped gas of coal tar hydrogenating unit, remain the synthetic gas do not converted and can be used as fuel gas and chemical industry synthetic raw gas;
6) system described in is black/buck most of recycle after settlement treatment, and cyclic utilization rate reaches more than 90%.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) low-rank coal carries out classified utilization to thing available in coal in utilizing, and pyrogenation and carbonization can large quantity of moisture in effective elimination coal, and for follow-up air flow bed dry powder gasification technology is supplied raw materials guarantee, compared to pure drying process, energy consumption index reduces greatly;
(2) low-rank coal pyrogenation and carbonization process product is based on semicoke, and after char Gasification, main products is containing H
2, can be used as pyrogenation and carbonization product coal tar hydrogenation process and support the use, obtain oil product, realize raw produce in system complementary, product category is abundanter;
(3) air flow bed dry powder gasifying process can realize being gasified totally to semicoke, simultaneously can blending certain proportion feed coal, obtains with CO and H
2be main synthetic gas product, realize oil, gas multiple product scheme after low-rank coal classified utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals:
I-pyrogenation and carbonization system; II-entrained flow bed gasification system; The greyish black water pretreatment system of III-.
1-pyrogenation and carbonization equipment; 2-tar purifying equipment; 3-hydrogenation of tar reactor; 4-oil product separating device; 5-crude-gas sensible heat recovery system; 6-raw gas cooling and dewatering equipment; 7-semicoke and lime-ash separating device; 8-coal pulverizer; 9-pressurized tank; 10-transfer pot; 11-vapourizing furnace; 12-residue extraction mechanism; 13-crude synthesis gas purifying and cooling humidifier; The greyish black water settling bowl of 14-; 15-shift-converter; 16a, 16b-lime-ash; 17-feed coal; 18-tar; 19-raw gas; 20-solid fuel mixture; 21-water vapor; 22-oxygenant; 23-adds and calms the anger; 24-carries gas; 25-pressurization point fluid fuel; The logistics of 26-pulp water; 27-crude synthesis gas; 28-chilled water; 29-pulp water; 30-Heisui River; 31-circulation cleaning water; 32-synthetic gas product; 33-acid gas; 34-filter cake; 35-waste water; 36-pure hydrogen; 37-hydrogen and carbon mono oxide mixture; 38-oil, air separation; 39-coal gas; 40-washes deashing device; 41-raw gas treating plant; 42-coal dust.
Embodiment
For making the present invention become apparent, hereby with preferred embodiment, and accompanying drawing is coordinated to be described in detail below.
The present invention is a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme and method thereof, comprises two chief components, is respectively dry distillation of coal pyrolysis system I and entrained flow bed gasification system II.As shown in Figure 1, be a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme schematic diagram.First feed coal 17 enters pyrogenation and carbonization system I, obtains tar 18 head product and raw gas 19 respectively by gas and oil separating plant 38.
Tar 18 head product is separated by separating equipment for purification 2 and coal tar hydrogenating reactor 3 hydrogenation can obtain each class hierarchy oil products such as diesel oil, gasoline, petroleum naphtha.
Raw gas 19 is through crude-gas sensible heat recovery system 5 lowered temperature reclamation sensible heat, then raw gas treating plant 41 purifies and can obtain qualified low-heat value gas 39 product after the dehumidifying of raw gas cooling and dewatering equipment 6.
And the residue lime-ash of non-complete reaction and semicoke in pyrogenation and carbonization reactor, through semicoke and lime-ash separating device 7, the lime-ash 16a separated directly sends outside, semicoke, by optionally carrying out being mixed to get solid fuel mixture 20 with part feed coal 17 after drying, enters coal pulverizer 8 simultaneously and grinds to form powder.After adding calm the anger 23 feeding pressurized tank 9 and powder mixing pressurization, powder is sent in transfer pot 10 under conveying gas 24 acts on, and pressurization powder fuel 25 carries in lower feeding airflow bed gasification furnace 11 at air-flow and reacts with the generating gasification such as oxygenant 22, water vapor 21.
Gasification obtains the purification moistening and lowering temperature of crude synthesis gas 27 through crude synthesis gas purifying and cooling humidifier 13, washing deashing device 40 washs slagging-off, obtains the products such as purified hydrogen 36, carbon monoxide and the hydrogen mixed gas 37 needed for technique after the transformationreation of shift-converter 15.
Slag-water slurry in gasification is sent in residue extraction mechanism 12 through pulp water logistics 26, and the lime-ash 16b filtered out is directly outer sends native system.In gasification most buck, Heisui River 30 after the settlement treatment of greyish black water settling bowl 14 after the circulation cleaning water 31 that obtains enter washing deashing device 40 and recycle, wherein a part of recirculated water enters Quench in vapourizing furnace as chilled water 28.Filter cake 34 and waste water 35 get rid of native system, and the acid gas 33 produced in greyish black water settling bowl 14 discharges native system.
In said process, hydrogen needed for coal tar hydrogenating places one's entire reliance upon gasification system hydrogen of obtaining after conversion, and gasification system main fuel derives from the semicoke obtained after pyrogenation and carbonization, and the fuel accounting of semicoke in gasification system is 80%-100%.
Through above two processes, namely complete complete process process of the present invention.
Present invention also offers a kind of processing method of supporting described low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme.
Carry out result that corresponding test obtains the invention will be further described below in conjunction with adopting low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme provided by the invention:
Embodiment 1
Process the dry powder gasification furnace of pressurized aerated bed of 2000 tons of coals a supporting day, use pyrogenation and carbonization system of the present invention to carry out pre-treatment.Feed coal coal analysis basic data is in table 1.
Table 1 raw material Brown Coal analytical data
As can be seen from Table 1, this coal is high water content brown coal, belongs to typical low-rank coal.In order to meet the demand of 2000 tons of/day entrained flow gasification coals, pyrogenation and carbonization technique needs pre-treatment raw coal equivalent can obtain as follows according to pyrogenation and carbonization technique (service temperature 450 DEG C):
Tar yield: ~ 5%wt
Raw gas output (dry gas): ~ 60000Nm
3/ h
Dehydration rate: 98%
Total consumption raw coal amount: ~ 60000 tons/day.
Enter entrained flow gasification semicoke amount: ~ 2000 tons/day
Raw gas composition (volume fraction): H
2(35%), CO(26%), CH
4(15%), N
2(4%), H
2s(1%), NH
3(1%), CO
2(10%), C
2h
68% is about Deng other alkane.
Entrained flow gasification efficiency of carbon conversion: 99%
Entrained flow gasification service temperature: 1450 DEG C
Utilize brown coal to dewater, total Water about 2800 tons/day can be obtained through purifying treatment, the total rate of water make-up of system can be met, without the need to outer benefit fresh water.
Compared with prior art, the low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme that patent of the present invention provides and method thereof: raw coal utilising efficiency entirety improves >10%, running cost reduces >20%, water consumption decline >30%.System achieves raw material classification Poly-generation, and product diversification substantially increases market requirement fluctuation risk controllability.
Claims (7)
1. a low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme, it is characterized in that, comprise pyrogenation and carbonization system (I) and air flow bed dry powder gasification system (II) two parts, the oil products such as the main output diesel oil of described pyrogenation and carbonization system, gasoline, petroleum naphtha, and coal gas and semicoke; The described main output synthetic gas of air flow bed dry powder gasification system, comprises the gas products such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide;
Described pyrogenation and carbonization system (I) comprises pyrogenation and carbonization equipment (1), gas and oil separating plant (38), tar purifying equipment (2), hydrogenation of tar reactor (3), crude-gas sensible heat recovery system (5), raw gas treating plant (41), raw gas cooling and dewatering equipment (6) and semicoke and lime-ash separating device (7);
Described air flow bed dry powder gasification system (II) comprises coal pulverizer (8), pressurized tank (9), transfer pot (10), vapourizing furnace (11), residue extraction mechanism (12), crude synthesis gas purifying and cooling humidifier (13), greyish black water settling bowl (14), washing deashing device (40) and shift-converter (15).
2. a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Feed coal (17) first enters pyrogenation and carbonization system (I), obtains tar (18) head product and raw gas (19) respectively by gas and oil separating plant (38);
Tar (18) head product is separated by separating equipment for purification (2) and coal tar hydrogenating reactor (3) hydrogenation can obtain each class hierarchy oil products such as diesel oil, gasoline, petroleum naphtha;
Raw gas (19) through crude-gas sensible heat recovery system (5) lowered temperature reclamation sensible heat, again through raw gas treating plant (41) purification and raw gas cooling and dewatering equipment (6) dehumidify after can obtain qualified low-heat value gas (39) product;
And the residue lime-ash of non-complete reaction and semicoke in pyrogenation and carbonization reactor, through semicoke and grey pulp separator separating device (7), the lime-ash (16a) separated directly is sent outside, semicoke, by optionally carrying out being mixed to get solid fuel mixture (20) with part feed coal (17) after drying, enters coal pulverizer (8) simultaneously and grinds to form powder;
After adding calm the anger (23) feeding pressurized tank (9) and powder mixing pressurization, powder is sent in transfer pot (10) under conveying gas (24) effect, form pressurization powder fuel (25), send in airflow bed gasification furnace (11) and react with the generating gasification such as oxygenant (22), water vapor (21);
Gasification obtains the purification moistening and lowering temperature of crude synthesis gas (27) through crude synthesis gas purifying and cooling humidifier (13), washing deashing device (40) washing slagging-off, obtains the products such as the purified hydrogen (36) needed for technique, carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixed gas (37) after the transformationreation of shift-converter (15);
Slag-water slurry in gasification is sent in residue extraction mechanism (12) through pulp water logistics (26), and the lime-ash (16b) filtered out is directly outer sends native system; The circulation cleaning water (31) that in gasification, most buck, Heisui River (30) obtain after the settlement treatment of greyish black water settling bowl (14) enters washing deashing device (40) and recycles, and wherein a part of recirculated water enters Quench in vapourizing furnace as chilled water (28); The filter cake (34) that residue extraction mechanism (12) produces and waste water (35) get rid of native system, and the acid gas (33) produced in greyish black water settling bowl (14) discharges native system.
3. a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described low-rank coal pyrogenation and carbonization device control service temperature 300 DEG C-550 DEG C, adopts autothermal or external-heat operation to control in-furnace temperature.
4. a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described entrained flow gasification adopts High Temperature High Pressure operation, temperature controls 1300 DEG C ~ 1700 DEG C, pressure 0.1MPa ~ 10MPa, adopt dry powder gasification mode, also can select liquid feed mode when needs consumption systems waste water.
5. a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, entrained flow gasification mainly obtains hydrogen and CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas and mixed gas thereof, is sent to coal tar hydrogenating equipment after hydrogen is obtained by transformationreation according to demand, obtained oil product.
6. a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described low-rank coal pyrogenation and carbonization system, the coke of non-complete reaction and ash content form semicoke, and semicoke carbon content reaches 40% ~ 70%, all sends into entrained flow bed gasification system; When semicoke carbon content reaches <20%, carry out mixing gasifying with former drying low-order coal.
7. a low-rank coal classified utilization Poly-generation method, utilize a kind of low-rank coal classified utilization polygenerations systeme as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described method is as follows:
Raw material low-rank coal send into after fragmentation in low temperature pyrogenation dry distillation reactor device, temperature of reaction 300 DEG C-550 DEG C, reactor adopts autothermal or external-heat design, flow out from reactor top and be entrained with partial particulate and contain tar raw gas, temperature about 350 DEG C, the semicoke product of carbon content 50%-75% is discharged in bottom;
Described raw gas is cooled to normal temperature through waste heat recovery, then the tar removed after purification separation wherein and dust, and the raw gas obtained can be used as geseous fuel product for burning and other purposes;
Described coal tar, as one of the main products of pyrogenation and carbonization, is mainly used in oil product processing, is separated and coal tar hydrogenation process, can obtains based on the oil product of diesel oil, gasoline and petroleum naphtha by tar purifying;
Described semicoke is as solid product in pyrogenation and carbonization process, pyrogenation and carbonization process cannot utilize fixed carbon in low-rank coal in a large number, by crushing grinding again as the main fuel of entrained flow gasification, also the former dried low-rank coal of selectivity blending entrained flow gasification can be carried out, gasification temperature reaches more than 1300 DEG C, more than pressure 0.1MPa;
In described entrained flow gasification technique, synthetic gas product is with CO and H
2be main, volumetric concentration reaches >60% and 20% respectively, and after purification flash distillation, synthetic gas temperature is about 40 DEG C, contained concentration of solid particles <1mg/Nm
3, part enters transformationreation device, and the gas after conversion is mainly H
2, as the unstripped gas of coal tar hydrogenating unit, remain the synthetic gas do not converted and can be used as fuel gas and chemical industry synthetic raw gas;
Described system is black/buck most of recycle after settlement treatment, and cyclic utilization rate reaches more than 90%.
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